Evening Star Newspaper, September 22, 1936, Page 9

- OLASS” FOE FIGHT S SEEN IN SPAIN , Loyalist Masses Direct ; Wrath at “Special Priv- ilege,” Observer Claims. This is the ninth of a series of uncensored dispatches on under= surface conditions in Spain, writ- ten by a famous foreign corre- spondent after traveling for several weeks in the war-torn provinces of Catalonia, Aragon and New Castile. BY WALTER DURANTY. By Wireless to The Star. TOULON, France, September 22— In an earlier article, I stressed the point that the Spanish civil war is unlike the war of secession in the United States, but more and more 4= becoming, and, in some regions, al- ready has become. like the civil war in Soviet Russia. In other words, the popular proletarian or social revolu- tion is fighting for its life against reactionary forces. Such revolutions have a weakness n that they must improvise as they €o along, and their slogans and rally- ing cries—their basic ideas—need time to become clarified and penetrate the heart of the masses. On the other hand, as the French and Russian revolutions showed, such great popular upheavals “explode energy” and bring to the fore strong, young energetic leaders. The opposition of the Spanish people to the Fascist rebellion was sporadic and spontaneous. Where it proved guccessful, the success was won by « armed workers rather than by local troops or police. In such circum- stances, as Trotzky pointed out in his history of the first phase of the Boviet revolution, the popular move- ment sometimes outruns its apparent or would-be leaders, and even the bolsheviks found, when the civil war came, that there was a vast difference between the practice of war and gov- ernment and the political or economic theories they had previously enter- tained. Theary Forced to Conform. What I mean is that it doesn't much matter whether a revolution is made in the name of Marxist communism . or Kropotkin anarchism, because cir- cumstances force theory to conform | to the exigencies of life. 1t is difficult to analyze the Spanisn #ituation because the course of events established. Nevertheless, the trend which events are following in Loyalist Spain is un- mistakable, and what the bolsheviks are pleased to call “the monolithic block of revolution” is being forged— one might almost say unconsciously, by natural process—by. the Fascist fire and blows, Fight Against Special Privilege. As the Catalans already have real- ized and as the rest of Loyalist Spain is beginning to discover, this is a struggle of the masses against special privilege, as typified by the generals, landlords, capitalists and the clergy. Perhaps the “Frente Popular” leaders, whether in Madrid, Barcelona, Valen- cia, Malaga or the other cities which defeated the Fascist coup d'etat, did not realize this at first, but the work- ers they had armed were quick to grasp it. ‘The bourgeois “Frente leaders were startled by the bitter- ness and fury of the anti-clerical movement, which, I must confess, surprised me too, despite 15 years’ | residence in Moscow. It was mot merely the action taken against the | members of religious communties, which was cruel and dreadful enougn, but the profound popular hatred | which was expressed in the uvmost | violence of deed and word. | The landlords, whose unpopularity ranked first in Russia, come second— | & close second—in the list of the Span- ish people’s hates. ® RETAIL SELLING ¢ 13th @t F St NA tional 1748 | Strayer College | | | Accountancy Day Classes Begin Sept. 28 ® Early Merning and Evening Classes Now in Session Enrollments Still Aceepted Southeastern University | (Co-educational) 1] 1736 G St. N.W. NA. 8250 Popular” | In Catalonia, not | only the great estates, but tne ricner [ THE peasants are being ‘mercilessly ex- propriated, and the example 15 spreaa- ing to the rest of Loyalist Spain. Money Power Ranked Third, ‘The money power comes third on the list, with big finance, industry and business. ‘This, too, the Loyal- ists say, must be destroyed as the most effective weapon of special privi- EVENING The rebel generals are execrated as the instruments of these three forces—the church, money and land- lords—and one of the reasons for the monstrous accumulation of hate against the church probably is chat it is regarded as a wielder of money power and as a landlord as well as a symbol of privileged reaction. As 1 said, many of the “Frente Popular” leaders did not share the popular sentiment. Some were rich, some were religious, some owned land, but the people have taken the bit between their teeth and will not be stayed. Not only has religious worship been abolished in Catalonia, and, for that matter, reduced to & minimum throughout anti-Fascist Spain, but the life of a priest or nun is in dan- ger if the sacredotal garb is worn. 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Wheel Forced Leftward. ‘That is the situation in Spain to- day, which is forcing the wheel ever leftward and is setting the barrier of class war and class prejudice between the masses and their former masters. Last, but not least, there is the barrier of bicod to operate in the same . direction—ruthless executions by both sides which far surpass in slaughter the actual casualties of war and which, more and more, are as- suming a “class” character as the rebels massacre “Marxist” peasants and workers, and the Loyalists re- BUSINESS (iOI.LEGE ALL BRANCHES—SPECIAL- I1ZED ONE-YEAR UNITS Also Complete Four-Year Courses “Tech” Institute t. 5626 Pace Courses MEtropolitan 2518 taliate against “Fascists”—clergy, of- | D. C., TUESDAY, ficers and owners of estates or wealth. (Ccpyright, 1936, by the North American Newspaper Alliance, Inc.) e “Baby’s” Move Spoils Plan. 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