Evening Star Newspaper, September 15, 1936, Page 6

AW CODIFIGATION - CONFERENCETASK Pan-American Court .Urged for Discussicn at Buenos & Aires. = (This is the eighth of a series of articles on the “New Pan Ameri- canism” and the coming Pan- American _ Peace Congress in Buenos Aires.) BY BRENT DOW ALLINSON. A few years after Gen. Bolivar's memorable manifesto of 1824-1826, at Panama City, the Mexican govern- . ment proposed another inter-American congress to consider the preparation . of a code of public international law * as the basic rule of conduct in the growing relations between the self- " governing American states. Mexico renewed the proposal in the + latest pan-American conference, at Montevideo, Uruguay, -in 1933, when the suggestion for an international court of arbitral justice and code of aw for the Americas was outlined and ubmitted to all the members of the an-American Union. Mexico thus » was renewing the initiative which led #to the notable inter-American con- <dferences of 1847, 1861 and 1867 at Lima, Peru. Our Mexican War and the War Between the States prevented the United States Government from t:k« part in these significant confer- < gx’i‘m and thus greatly retarded codi- fication of international law and the realization of the pan-American ideal. “ But the idea would not die, and the effort to fulfill it was never entirely I abandoned. : Seven Propose Court. Now, in preparing the official pro- gram of the coming conference at ! Buenos Aires, no less than seven Amer- ican republics—Panama, Guatemala, * Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Cuba and El { Salvador—are proposing & permanent { pan-American court of justice, for set- * tlement of justiciable controversies and £ the interpretation and codification of ; international law. Curiously enough, however, little is being said about who ¥ shall make and modify the law which * the court, if established, is to interpret ®and apply. A court without a con- £ gress is like an actor without a play. * Nobody can know what it may do or £ say. But are the American states f ripe for an inter-American govern- * ment? Some of them certainly are. i The Second of the modern Pan- ¢ American Conferences met at Mexico © City in 1902, and adopted a con- vention for the formation of codes { of public and private international law. But the committee of jurists, . provided for in the convention, was not appointed, since the convention was ratified by only five of the states. The Third Pan-American Conference met at Rio de Janeiro in 1906 and concluded a convention to establish an International Commission of Jurists, tomposed of one representative of each signatory state, charged with prepar- ing drafts of codes of public and pri- vate international law. Its first meet- “ing was in 1912. Committees were created to do preparatory work and to formulate projects for consideration of the commission at its second meet- ing, which was fixed for June, 1914. The World War prevented this meet- ing and it was not until 1923, when the Fifth Pan-American Conference was held, that the next step toward codification was taken. The fifth conference adopted a res- jolution providing for appointment of as the ‘Bustamante code’ after Dr. Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante, the Cuban jurist who headed the committee of the American Institute of International Law, which draft- ed the code. The delegation of the United States was unable to sign the convention on the code of private international law because the rules which it embraces come within the jurisdiction of the gov- ernments of the individual States of the Union and not within that of the Federal Government. Only seven, or one-third, of the republics of Amer- ica have ratified the code without reservation. “The latest enactment on the sub- ject of codification of international law in America is a resolution of the last Pan-American Conference held at Montevideo in December, 1933. This resolution provides for an interna- tional committee of seven jurists to take certain preliminary steps in conjunction with national commis- sions to be formed in each of the 21 American republics. Finally, this committee is expected to submit “bases for discussion” of the topics or subjects which may be considered as ripe for codification, to the Inter- national Commission of Jurists, cre- ated by the Third Pan-American Conference, in 1906, to which refer- ence has already been made. “The committee of jurists, elected by vote of the states members of the Pan-American Unlon, in accordance with the resolution of the 1933 con- ference, comprises the following in- ternational jurists: “Dr. Victor M. Maurtua, Peru; Dr. Alberto Cruchaga Ossa, Chile; Dr. Carlos Saavedra, the present for- eign minister of Argentina; Dr. Luls Anderson Morua, Costa Rica; Dr. Eduardo Suarez, Mexico; Dr. Afra- nio de Mello Franco, Brazl; Dr. J. Reuben Clark, United States. Aid to Cedification Seen. “It is understood that this committee will meet at Washington next Novem- ber. Their work may be expected to be an important aid to codification. Each member of the committee is re- garded. not only in his own country but throughout America, as a leader in in- ternational law. “At the Montevideo conference the Mexican delegation presented a proj- ect of a peace code, which combines in & single instrument all or most of the provisions now found in various in- struments dealing with the prevention and peaceful settlement of interna- tional conflicts. The peace code was, by resolution of the conference, sub- mitted to the consideration of the sev- eral governments. By the terms of the code, the Pan-American Court, which is to be composed of one member from each of the states members of the Pan- American Union, is to be divided into two branches, the first, tribunal of the first instance; the second, the tribunal of appeal.” It would appear that in the interests of peace on the American Continent three steps should be taken: 1. International law in America should be codified, progressively and rapidly. 2. An American Court' of Inter- national Justice should be éstablished to decide all disputes which may arise among the several States in accordance with the law as codified, —_—— T 2 Codfed BUSINESS OTEEPS 2o 14th and Eve Sts. N.W. Short Intensive Business. Courses A5k for fres Vocailonal Bookiet 3 ‘ocation: 3 NAtL 4787 Practical Trade Course in REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING Factory Trained Instructors Columbia “Tech” Institute 1319 F St. N.W. MEt. 562 Send for Catalogue 8 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, and with the general principles of | greater usefulness than ever. Classes right and justice. open the week of October 5 but reg- 3. A means of applying “economic | istrations are now being taken. sanctions should be provided so that In the varied curriculum girls and the terms of the decisions of the’court | women can find something to meet may be carried out to the latter.” practically every need or interest. The The fact that the League of Na- | courses offered may be divided roughly tions failed to stop the Italian ag-|into those contributing to personal gression in Ethiopia is not to be|enrichment, the acquiring of new taken as evidence that a league of | skills, or practice in skills already ac- American States if placed in a similar | Quired; self-expression, creative arts, position would be equslly impotent,| household arts and many special The League was founded by the | Courses hard to classify. victorious allicd and associated powers in a “Disconcert of Europe” for & political purpose not synonymous with peace. The codification of international law and establishment of an American Court of Justice, regulated by a Congress, would, on the other hand, be brought about not by any- combination of dominant States, after a wasting war and an unjust peace, but by all the States of this comtinent, acting only for the betterment of all, in a spirit of right, equality, justice and col- laboration. Which is a very different matter—for in international affairs, as in others, the legal letter killeth, but the spirit of freedom and fair- play giveth life. A REGISTRATION INCREASE NOTED BY Y. W. C. A. UNIT Enrollment Now Going on for Classes Due to Open Week of October 5. The steady increase of enrollment in classes of the education department of the Young Women's Christian As- sociation testifies both to the need they are planned to meet and the satisfaction the classes are giving. Last year was a banner year and the department is looking forward this Winter to a larger registration and DRAFTING START NOW Columbia “Tech” Institute 1319 F St. N.W. MEt. 5626 Send for Catalogue WASHINGTON Prof. from Spain. Conversational Method. Raid Progress. 1343 H St. N.W. Nat. 9309, Practical Training in Comm. A RT Complete 8-Month Course START NOW! Poster Winner—Bal Boheme Conmtest Columbia “Tech” Institute 1319 F St. NW. MEt. 5626 Send for Commercial Art Catalogue © RETAIL SELLING o Comprehensive — Actual traiaing im all phases of the subject including Sales Personality Development. Instructors are experienced retail training experts, Call ot School Ofice—Write or Phone Strayer College i .X. 3 NA tional The Sllerwoodol Primary, Grades, High School Annapolis — West Point 2128 Wyoming Ave. N.W. North 9669 The Temple School Jor High School Graduates ,of high professional standing. The department emphasizes small classes, & flexible method adapted to the group, anl experienced instructo:s Beginning Tuesday the education office, which is located on the sixth floor of the administration building at Seventeenth and K streets, will be open from 9 am. to 9 pm. Classes are open to men and women, and bulletins will be gladly furnished on request, o Clemson Enrollment Gains. CLEMSON, 8. C., September 15 (#). —The enroliment of Clemson College, which opened its 1936-37 session yes- terday, soared to & new high with the matriculation of 582 freshmen. The total number of students was 1,554, as compared with 1,469 at the same time last year. The registrar's office said more stu- dents were expected tomorrow, Enroll for classes now ferming in SPANISH versational Berlitz Methed THE BERLITZ SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES .. NAtional 0270. National University Fall Term Besins Seotember 28, 1936 SCHOOL OF LAW School of Economics and Government Reristrar's Office Open for Registration ® a.m. te 7 p.m. 818 13th STREET N.W. Telephone NAtional 6617 A SELECT SCHOOL @ ® A Business School with University Atmosphere re- quiring high school gradua- tion and character refer- ences from every student. Owned by educators of national prominence. Secretarial training of college-grade. Doy and Evening Classes. Extraordi= nary employment service. THE WASHINGTON SCHOOL 216 Nat'l Press Bldg. Washington, D. C. 5055 Chrysler Bldg., New York, N. Y. Wood’s Commercial Schoel Established 1885 710 14th St. N.W. Met. 5051 Fall Term Starts Sept. 21 COURSES Business Administrative, 2 Years Ezecutive Secretarial. 1 Year Stenooraphic, 10 Months Calculating Machines, 3 Months Positions for Graduates. School of Foreign Service Georgetown Undergraduate and Graduate Classes D. C. TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 'PHONE. DICTATION SYSTEM INSTALLED ——— It has just been announced at”the Mount Pleasant School for Secretaries that they have installed in the office practice department a system of pool dictation and transcription by tele- phone, whereby & group of students in the typewriting or office practice departments may receive & signal through the school switchboard op- erator that the dictation department wishes to give machine dictation or shorthand dictation, whichever the re- quest may be. The instructor of the departments may receive instruction simultaneously. The telephone company offices were the first to introduce stenographic ENGINEERING ALL BRANCHES—SPECIAL- IZED ONE-YEAR UNITS Also. Complete Four-Year Courses Columbia “Tech” Institute 1319 F 8¢, N. W. MEt. 5626 Send for Catalogue ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING A BROAD, BASIC. INTENSIVE COURSE Complete in One School Year A thorough training in principles and Dractice. preparing for s wide variety of technical positions. ~Includes the fundamentals of _refrigeration. air- conditioning and electronics. 44th Year Opens Sept. 30 Write or Call for Catalos. Open Daily te Visiters. Bus ELECTRICAL SCHOOL 210 Takoma Ave,, Takoms Park. Md. Phe; AN T ool | : " lh SECRET ARES (' Telephone COlumbia 3000 for catalogue. 14th Street ot Park Road University 1936. pools. Since then many of the Gov- ernment departments and offices of large corporations have installed pools because of the ease, economy and efficlency of operation. The Mount Pleasant School for Secretaries is believed to be the first school to install this system in connection with office training courses. ‘The school opened new -classes Monday especially for beginners in Gregg shorthand, touch typewriting Enroll for classes now foi Accountancy- GUNSTON HALL 1906 Florida Avenue School for Girls General Academic, Aceredited College Proparatory and Two-Year Collegiate Courses, Music, Art, Expression, Home Economics, and Secretarial Work. and other secretarial subjects. There will also be new evening classes. LAW ° Early Moming. Day and Evening Classes [ d 3-Year Course Leading fo LL. B. Degree Early Morning and Evening Classes Begin Sept. 21 . Day Classes fie‘ln pt. 28 Southeastern University (Coeducational) 1736 G St. N.W. NA. 8250 NATIONAL SCHOOL Early Morning, Day and Evening Classes Little Gunston Kindersarten Throuch 8th Grade. Boys Through 4th Grade. | CLASSES BEGIN SEPTEMBER 23 T Enroll for ciasses now forming in GERMA Famous Conversational Berlitz Method THE B [ ] Early Morning and Evening Classes Day Classes Begin Sept. 28 Southeastern University (Coeducational) 1736 G St. N.W. NA. 8250 Washington Preparatory School Co-education—Evening Classes If you want to pre for college and scientific schools— or equip {nunelt or better business positions—that’s the service the Washington Preparatory School renders especially well. Staff of trained instructors—in every branch covered; newly equipped class rooms. Enrollment Now—Classes Sept. 21 Write for catalogue or call for consultation with Arthur L. Maiden, Ph. D. Princival F. L. Dawson Director Promotional Activities 1736 G Street (Y.M.C.A.) NAt. 8250 1747 R. 1. Ave. NAtional 2656 Felix Mahony Di L NOODWARD—— DAY SCHOOL FOR BOYS (Accredited) g Where Boyhood Is Developed Into Manliness in Mind and Body Grade 6 through High School. A New Feature Small CI, i st Chnadsn of 5 a0 5 Ry, Beginning with the opening of the coming Each boy recites every period. Fall term, Woodward School will place its Supervised study periods. senigr cla:ls on a college board basis and 3 conduct all senior subjects offered with the Bo}'"umgh' how to study. view of preparing the members of the class Special make-up classes. to meet the regular college board require- Men teachers who knoiw boys. ments. Beginning with the graduating class cf 1937, the school will issue credits for senior The school life at Woodward—the vork' done to SIIC'.I students as meet these thorough instruction, kindly but firm | requirements. This rule does not apply to discipline, ideal environment, combine such members of this year's senior class to make a boy a REAL BOY—men- . tally, physically and morally. as were students at Woodward School during the school year 1935-36. E e s To meet these new standards a curri- = ogé‘mgglcl tr};’;‘l‘:f g;nevgzsem};ag‘ culum of the senior class will be rearranged Swimming, Boxing, etc., i traineci so that any student who is a member of coaches. Unexcelled equipment, two gyms and two pools. this school can be thoroughly prepared to meet the additional requirements which will be imposed upon the seniors from now on. Students of Woodward School come Eli Swavely, Lit. M., formerly headmaster out with well rounded education. of Swavely School, will supervise the work Not a smattering of many subjects, but a thorough understanding of all— achieved through specialized instruc- . of this senior class. Mr. Swavely’s long ex- perience in preparing boys for college board tion by teachers who know how to engage the interest of their pupils. » examinations and examinations for entrance to the national academies fits him pre-emi- nently for this work. two delegates by each American re- and public, to constitute an enlarged Com- mission of Jurists of Rio de Janeiro. This commission met in 1927. The | . American Institute of International | , Law, which had been invited to pre- pare preliminary projects of conven- | tions, presented a numbér of legnl‘ ! rules or formulae, which, taken as| ‘a whole, embrace a considerable| ‘ portion of the international law of peace. These drafts were presented, after a number of changes and amendments, to the Sixth Pan- American Conference, which met in Havana in 1928, = Twelve Projects Presented. ‘Twelve projects of public interna- tional law and a code of private in- ternational law were presented and seven conventions, based upon the projects of the Commisison of Jurists, were adopted, covering the following subjects: (1) Asylum, (2) Consular Agents, (3) Diplomatic Officers, (4) Maritime Neutrality, (5) Rights and Duties of States in the event of Civil Strife, (6) Status of Aliens, (7) Treaties. Mr. Sydney Gest, an attorney, of, ‘Washington and Philadelphia, who is an expert in these matters connected with the Commission of Jurists and the Pan-American Union, stated recently to the writer: “A code of private international law Wwas submitted by the International Commission of Jurists to the Sixth Conference and was adopted by that body. It is officially known Morning and Evening Sessions School Opens Sept. 21. Send for Catalogue Woodward School for Boys Y. M. C. A. Building NA. 8250 1736 G St. N.W, Enrollment Is in Order Now e College Students N Beginners' and Advanced Classes in'. Secretarial Subjects, Including Stenotypy Day and Evening School Enroliment Open in- Day School Every Monday Positions Secured for Graduates (Complete Course in Advertising] REGISTER NOW Review Class in Gregg Shorthand: September 23, 7:45 P.M. Beginners’ Evening Classes Class in Gregg Shorthand: Sept. 16, 7:00 P.M. Washington College of Law Coeducational Forty-first Year Fall Term Begins September 21 2000 G St. N.W. MEt. 4585 Critcher Art School COMMERCIAL ART Evening and Morning Classes FINE ARTS Portrait and Life Saturday Morning Classes for Children Open for Registration September 18th 1326 Connecticut Ave. Preparation for domestic business and Government service “1 well as for foreign service careers, both public and private. Business Administration and Accounting—Public Adminis- tration—Economics—Foreign and Domestic Commerce— Tariffs—Banking—Public Finance—Trade Promotion—Po- litical Science — Diplomacy — Government — History—The Constitution of the United States—International Law— Foreign Relations—International Shipping—Foreign Lan- guages. A special course, covering problems arising from the Spanish Revolution, will be offered It will deal with “The Right of “Intervention” and “The Protection of Nationals.” The New Division of Busi and Public Administrati offers special preparation for Government service and private busi Catalog on Request 1420 K St. N.W. Nation: Phone North 1966 Full-time courses start at 9 a.m. Part-time courses start at 5:20 p.m. EDMUND A. WALSH, S: J, Ph. D., Regent. THOMAS H. HEALY, LL. B, Ph. D, Dean. Phone WEst 0820 Offices: 37th and O Sts. NW. Semester opens Sept. 18. Registration now open. DISTRICT CANDIDATES C. P. A. EXAMINATION NY CITIZEN of the United States, who meets the re- quirements, may take the District C. P. A exam- inations. [Consequently, the successful candidates in the 1936 examination included a number who had received their basic training in various states. Of those who received their basic accountancy school training in the District and passed the examination more than half were Benjamin Franklin graduates. Excellent though the record of our school has been in C. P. A. examinations, we do not deem them to be . the sole test of the standing of any school. Records of certain institutions, which are acknowledged leaders in —is the accepted medium in Washington for HEREREREREEY THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Founded 1821 W The University Offers Undergraduate and graduate study in Letters and Sciences (through 50 departments of instruc- tion) and training in the professional schools of Government (Courses in Public Affairs, Forei Service, Foreign Commerce, Public Administration, Business Adminis- tration, Public Finance and Public Accounting.) Education (Courses for teachers and preparation Educational Advertising If an announcement of your school does not appear on this page, why not submit copy for subsequent issues? Rates on Application Phone NAtional 5000 | | MUSICAL INSTRUCTION, for the larger opportunities in the field of educational Engineering (Courses in Civil, Electrical and Me- chanical Engineering, service.) and a com- advanced business education, show that only a small portion of their graduates have taken these examina- tions. This is largely due to the fact that about 85% of all accovntancy school graduates (including honor bined Engineering-Law course for those planning to enter the field of Patent Law.) ' Law Medicine Pharmacy Library Science Fine Arts Late afternoon classes afford the employed student opportunity to pursue university :md!, either as candidate for a degree or as a special student. One hundred siz- teenth academic year opens September 23rd. Registration September 19th, 21st and 22nd graduc "-3) never enter the field of public practice and do not take the C. P. A. examinations. This school offers a course which includes public accounting and al/ the other principal fields of account- ancy. Besides public accountants, our veteran faculty consists of tax specialists, Government officials, cost ac- countants, business executives, and men whose experi- ence covers the entire scope of modern accountancy. ant iting To obtain information respecting the sevéral fields of accountancy and the Day and Evening Classes in Pace Courses in Accountancy and Business Admin- Registrations new being made for classes opening in September istration Leading fo B. C. S. and M. C. S. Degrees Call at the office — write or telephone Director -~ { HOMER BUILDING—THIRTEENTH & F STREET,N. W., NATIONAL 1748 ASK FOR 30th YEAR BOOK Benjamin Franklin University Transportation Building 17th and H Streets MEtropolitan 2515 For Catalogues and Information Apply THE DIRECTOR OF ADMISSIONS 2029 G Street N.W., Washington, D. C. National 5200 PINCKNEY J. HARMAN, NN R KR R I S A U S I S YRR R A