Evening Star Newspaper, June 25, 1936, Page 19

SWEDEN IS HELPE BY CO-OPERATIVES Volume of Business Grows Rapidly and Lower Prices Are Result. Editor's Note: Elmer W. Peter- son, recently with the Stockholm Bureau of the Associated Press and now ‘in London, has written the Jollowing account of the activities of. the co-operative movement in Sweden, the social resuits of which prompted President Roosevelt to announce he was sending a United States delegation to Sweden and other European countries to study Such ‘movements. BY ELMER W. PETERSON, Associated Preas Forelgn Staff. LONDON, June 25.—The Swedish co-operative movement, which has at- tracted the.eye of President Roose- velt, has had a sensational develop- ment since its inception in 1899, with last year's estimated turnover approx- imately $100,000,000. Its chief expression is the “Ko-oper- ative Forbundet,” or Co-operative Union; a production and dismbutlon: the world.” agency for nearly 650 member socie- ties. The movement encountered vigorous opposition through the years, but its volume of business grew rapidly. Its supporters assert it competed success- fully with what co-operatives consid- ered monopolies, such as the flour, margarine, rubber and electric lamp industries. “Co-operation,” its advocates con- tend, brought lower prices. (Against the Socialist viewpoint the eonservatives and business interests have loosed & barrage of arguments, in which death of private initiative is warned against. Present government management of business is accused of gross inefficiency.) Large Factories Operated. The Ko-operative Forbundet now operates large factories, with distri- bution to a network of stores and shops throughout Sweden. There are 400 in the Stockholm area alone. The union, just like a larger member of the societies, has a managing coun- cil, elected from the 13 districts in which the country is divided, and the council is chargzd with all highly dmportant decisions. A departmental executive in the council puts into practice the policies | or programs decided upon by the council or the congress of the union. Each member, or the smaller retail societies, is self-governing. It draws its members from the general public. Members’ purchases are carefully re- corded and they receive an annual | dividend averaging about 2 per cent ©of the total amount of the purchases. | Executives are “Proved.” ‘Through the various committees, etc, the individual members have the possibility of some voice in the management of the union, while paid executives are chosen from those of proved business abilities. Due credit, observers agree, must be given the fact the Swedish public takes for granted there is to be no graft and that the consumers’ in- terests are sparamount. Advocates of the system assert prog- ress also has been made lately in co- operativé*héusing, and the new agra- | rian government of Premier Axel Pehrsson is expected further to boost | agricultural co-operative attempts. The co-operatives estimate they are doing at least a fifth of the retail and wholesale trade and a tenth of the manufacturing. Adherents also contend ventures into | insurance and the department store fields are proving successful, while one of the latest experiments is an attempt to organize small industries | and workshops on a co-operative basis for sale of produets abroad. Per Albin Hansson, former premier, has declared during his tenure that Sweden’s government program for the socialization of industry and business is not intended to “elimi- nate private profit,” but to “keep pri- vate profit-making from leading into speculation, which is detrimental to the good of the peopel as a whole.” Government Monopolies. The Swedish government already | has working monopolies in liquor, to- bacca, postal and telegraph service end competes with private enterprise in timber and hydroelectric products. The greater share of the Swedish railways are government owned and operated. Ernst Wigfors, Swedish minister of finance, a year ago urged that free end unrestricted competition be Jooked on as a thing of the past. He said: “The choice mow stands between \Sir Samuel Hoare| Notes Appeal for| Naval Co-operation First Lord of Admiralty Holds Strength Is Po- tent Factor for Peace. By the Associated Press. LONDON, June 25.—Sir Samuel Hoare, first lord of the admiralty, took note of a plea for the co-operation of the British and American Navies to prevent future wars in a speech yes- terday at a dinner of the Royal Em- pire Society. “Let us take note of this with in- terest and sympathy,” he said in re- ferring to a published article in the journal of the American Navy League. “There is no need for panic or to assume that war is inevitable,” he de- clared further. “But there is so much inflammable material in Europe that a spark might start a conflagration unless great powers like ourselves are strong enough to make our influence felt in the cause of peace. “We are rearming to stop the drift to war. If the British Army, Navy and Air Farce are adequately strength- ened in time there will be no world war. British strength, particularly British naval strength, is one of the most potent factors of the peace of BANKHEAD BOOMED AS 1940 CANDIDATE Alabaman, Meanwhile, Again to| Seek Speakership, “If I Am Alive.” By the Assoclated Press. JASPER, Ala., June flfi—dim)dng a home town oelehrlt.lon of his elec- tion to the speakership, William B. Bankhead sald yesterday he again would seek that office when the Sev- enty-fifth Congress convenes, “if I am alive and these people send me | back to the House.” His neighbors and constituents gave him a rousing welcome this afternoon as he returned from Washington. One of the speakers, W. H. Rainey of the United Mine Workers of Amer- | ica, proposed a “Bankhead-for- Presi- dent” 1940 movement. “They tell me that if Ahblm will get on its toes it can make William B. Bankhead the successor to the greatest humanitarian this country has ever seen—Franklin D. | Roosevelt,” Rainey said. Thunderous applause greeted the statement. private monopolies or s hich tht‘ people as a whole can control. * * * The experience of various parts of the | world show that the way of the fu- ture is toward increased organization, | not & return to the old freedom of competition. “It is an unfortunate misunder- standing to believe that a social and civic interest is designed to diminish | or limit production. We intend, on the contrary, to increase and stimu- late producnon SEE NEW SIGHTS SUNDAY, JUNE 28 ONLY ATLANTIC aTY "323 Round Trip :oo- m. ond 7:40 a. m. . ond 12:25p.m. :10; m. same doy. Seothe Sights You've Read About ONLY NEW YORK *350 Leave Washin 5 or mamm some day. CUMBERLAND $3.00 "¢ Returning seme dey. Cho Take the HIKE AND BIKE TRAIN TO HARPER’S FERRY Sunday, June 28 $ Includes and gulde. "so Bringyourbike orhire one thry ticketagent not laterthan 2 p.m., Saturday. Leave Washington 8:35 @, m. Return same dey. ALSO HIKING AND LOTS OF FUN | SMLIOINING AND LOTS I OF: FUS 3 BALTIMORE ;l.i.l RoundTrip Saturdays and Sundays 1.80 Round Trip Daily—Good for 3 deys _— Details from any B & O Ticket Agent or Telephone: District 3300, National 7370 BALTIMORE & OHIO RR. TRADE IN that old camera for an up-to-date This up-to-date model, Kodak Junior Six-16 (/.6 z). is & lot for your money. Fast lens—amart finish and design—convenient, self-erecting front. Only $15.50. ON'T waste picture- taking opportuni- ties, trying to get along with outmoded camera g¢quipment. Bring in your old-timer, and let us replace it with one of our 1936 up-to-the- 4-STAR ***JUBII.EE FEATURE] A 4-Star Golden Jubllee Feature—one of the greatest values in a year of great values, chosen by Sears as one of a group of items priced to thrill America! Greatest Advance in Kitchen Convenience in a Decade! 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