Evening Star Newspaper, June 21, 1936, Page 42

Winning Contract BY THE FOUR ACES. 1d evid Burmstine, Michael Gottlieb, Oswal -of-four, inventors of the team-of-four, inventors of Principles of Play. HE average student of bridge puts most of his time into working on the bidding, since he figures that the play of the efds can be learned only through experience. Actually he is pretty arly « right, but there are many general principles of play that few plople will discover if left to them- séflves, ‘For instance, as the basis of all phay, we should endeavor to memorize the cards already played and to count the distribution of those not played. Like all other feats of mem- ory and mathematics, both these prob- lems are greatly simplified by sys- tem, and as a first step, one should Jearn to count in terms of 13. There are 13 cards to a suit, 13 cards to a | hand and 13 tricks. If you are| declarer the simple subtraction from 13 of the total number of cards you and dummy hdld in any particular suit gives the number held by your opponents. Suppose that you now proceed farther and find that your left-hand opponent held 4 spades and the right-hand opponent 1 spade. You now know that the left-hand op- ponent has but 9 other cards. If you are now able to ascertain that he held six diamonds, together with 4 spades, this equals 10—he has exactly 3 cards in hearts and clubs. You now play hearts and he dis- eards on the second heart lead. Since he originally held one heart, his orig- inal club holding must have been two. | Your club holding is queen-tem and two small, dummy holds ace-king- small. You have found out the left- hand opponent holds exactly two clubs. Hence you lead out dummy’s ace of clubs, then the king and then the low club. Since you know that the left-hand opponent had but two clubs originally, you now know that your right-hand opponent holds the guarded jack, and you may finesse just as surely as if you had seen both the opposing hands. By a simple process of continuous subtraction from 13 you have found out everything you needed to know. Of course, the count does not always Rive guaranteed results. Suppose dummy held ace-ten-small of clubs, and you king-jack-nine-eight. You by, Howard Schenken, world's leading m ‘that has beaten every in existence.) works, the master is congratulated, and when asked how he knew where the cards were, makes some cryptic remark like, “East was 30 nervous he could not have had the jack of dia- monds,” or, “West looked like a man with the queen of spades.” Master players are also popularly supposed to know exactly every card that has been played. Actually they do when it is important, but in most hands some suits represent no problem. Here the more successful players rest their minds and merely remember the number of cards played and not the exact spots. But whenever there is a possible finessing situation (and we have actually seen three-spots finessed), then they do know the exact spots on the remaining cards. After a player has acquired the habit of counting by 13's, the next general point to learn is that the time to study and plan any particular play is right at the start of the hand. In watching bridge tournaments, a kibitzer will note that after the opening lead is made, it is rare, indeed, that any player will not study the dummy for at least 15 or 20 seconds before playing the first card. This study may take place even though dummy has absolutely no choice of play, and if dummy does offer a choice of plays, every one knows that de- clarer is planning the entire play of the hand rather than just his play of that particular trick. Dummy. For a simple example of the value of this study, consider the follow- ing hand: XX Kxx xx KJ10xxx N W+E s AxXxXxX Ax Axx Qxx Following an opening spade bid, South has reached a three no-trump contract. The king of diamonds is opened. Declarer counts five club tricks, two hearts, one diamond and one spade, provided his opponents cannot make five tricks before he runs his club suit. have counted your left-hand opponent for two clubs, and hence the right- hand opponent for fouf. You play the ace of clubs from dummy, and follow with the ten and finesse. Your left- hand opponent’s one remaining club may be the queen, but since he origin- ally held only two and his partner four, the odds are four to two that your finesse will succeed> In other words, in four out of six instances you Wwill be successful in picking up that missing queen, and that is a reason- ably good percentage. Every master player is popularly supposed to be able to call off every- body's cards after a few tricks have been played, although in actual ex- berience he can do so only with oc- casional hands when the count is made easy for him. Many of their seeming double-dummy plays result partially from the count and partially {rom the fact that the master player has said to himself, “unless my op- ponents’ cards are distributed thus- and-so, I cannot make this hand. I must try to make my contract, hence I shall play it this way.” The play There is no problem about his play | from dummy, but he will have to | decide whether or not to hold up the | ace of diamonds in his own hand, and the time to make that decision is be- fore playing from dummy. Declarer decides in favor of the hold-up. The | king and queen of diamonds take the | first two tricks, and now the player who is still on lead cannot be certain that declarer holds the ace of dia- | monds and is almost sure to continue the suit. However, should declarer do his thinking before playing from his own hand and not before playing from dummy, he is serving notice that he is holding up the act. Now, if the Player on lead originally held five dia- monds and no ace of clubs for re- entry, he will be very likely to shift suits, and should he shift to a spade, he will beat the contract. (Copyright, 1936.) | fv:;?:!l‘e?&uri "?x‘.fr‘n “renders 2l e omald | closed withi“cach communicecions * | The next article in this series will | appear tomorrow. Green and Lewis Feud Is Explained; Mass Production (Continued From First Page.) We have no opposition to craft unions Wwhich are established and successfully functioning. We do not believe any craft union, however, as is now the case in the American Federation of Labor, should be permitted to inter- fere, through paper jurisdictional claims or otherwise, with the organiza- tion of the great majority of American | wage and salary workers in our basic manufacturing and mining industries. “Wt hope,” he continues, “that the gignificance of our movement will not be misunderstood. among unions, or a striving for power among organized labor groups. We are working for a future labor move- ment which will assure a proper future for America—one which will crystal- lize the best aspirations ofithose who really wish to serve democracy and humanity.” But the outsider looking in upon the differences between Mr. Lewis and Mr. Green sees something more than ® mere squabble of a committee with its parent. He sees the broader aspect of the controversy—a new conception of labor organization to supplant an old, one to place more power in the hands of labor, one to make it more effective in the pursuit of its policies than it could ever be under the craft organization idea. Power Centralized. This does ont mean the abolition of eraft unions. It only means mass or- ganization of labor by plants and in- dustries, rather than organizations by skill. More power in the hands of labor comes in by virtue of the ability of labor to fight for its objectives as a massed army on one industrial front, father than as crafts on sectors. To llustrate concretely: A group of paint workers in an auto plant is dissatisfied with its rate of wages. The matter comes to head with the officials of the plant. All workers in that plant, whether they be assembly men, riveters, body men, chassis men, support the paint work- ers in their demand for better rates of pay. The result is a “family affair” in which all the workers in that par- ticular plant take part. Under the craft plan nobody in this plant would strike except the paint workers. And such support as these recelved in their demand for higher wages would come from other members of the painters’ union. And these, of course, would be scattered over the entire country. A great argument, advanced by Mr. Lewis as to the value of such an or- ganization of laborers as he proposes, sonal inferest that other workers in an as against she craft unions, is the per- industry would have in a fight waged by a section of that industry. For in- stance, in the case of the paint work- ers in the auto plant, the chassis men, assembly men, riveters and others, would be for them “tooth and toenail” because of their fellowship. Skilled and unskilled workers, throughout the plant, would stand beside their plant “buddies.” Small Walkouts Ineffective. In the case of crafts such a cordi- tion cannot, nor could exist, declares Mr. Lewis. An automobile painters’ walkout in Detroit supported by painters in Chicago and St. Louis is “not so hot,” in his estimation. Only painters are affected; other workers It is not a conflict | Heightens Tension induced to support their striking brothers. Another advantage of industrial unionism, according to Mr. Lewis, is the protection that it would afford the unskilled worker. His wages are never those of the skilled worker, yet, argues Mr. Lewis, he has as much right to a decent living wage as the skilled worker. Industrial unionism would give to him this protection— I the protection of weak by the strong. | On strike he would have the support | and power of the skilled workers of | the plant behind him. Mr. Green’s quarrel with Mr. Lewis, apparently, lies in the fact that the Committee for Industrial Organi- zation was set up outside the feder- ation’s tent. In other words, the eight unions adhering to it at the time—10 now—took the step without the federatlon's approval. This is borne out in a letter to the commit- tee by Mr. Green, dated November 23, 1935. In this letter he says: “I learned through the press re- ports recently of the formation of an organization called the ‘Committee for Industrial Organization’ It was stated therein that representatives of your organization participated in the conference when such an organization | was formed and that the international union that you represent is to be a component part of it. “Officers of national and interna- tional unions would undoubtedly view with feelings of apprehension and deep concern any attempt on the part of a group of local unions to organize within the organization they repre- sent a movement for the avowed pur- pose of promoting' the acceptance or rejection of a principle or a policy which had been considered and de- cided upon at a convention repre- sentative of all the members of said national or international union. Hits Divided Authority. “Some officers and members within national and international unions, as well as within the American Feder- ation of Labor, regard separate move- ments formed within the main or- ganization structure as dual in char- acter and decidedly menacing to its success and welfare.- When zations are formed for the achieve- ment and realization of some de- clared purpose no one can accurately prophesy or predict where such a movement will lead. It could and may be diverted from its main pur- pose. “Experience has shown that such organizations thus formed are pro- ductive of confusion and fraught with serious consequences. A line of cleav- age between such a movement and the parent body may be created and the breach between those who sincere- ly and honestly believe in different forms of organization could be defi- nitely widened. Bitterness and strife would inevitably follow. “It has been a fixed rule, both with- in the American Federation of Labor and national and international unions affiliated with it, to decide upon or- ganization policies by & majority vote at legally convened conventions. * * * “When a decision has thus been ren- dered it becomes the duty of the offi- cers and members of the American Federation of Labor to comply with it and they should be permitted to do this free from the interference and op- position of those who constitute the in the industry keep right on. Only through “symphthy” can they be A minority. * * * “I deem it my ofld,l duty, as pres- THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTO . N——————L——————“—“ ident of the American Federation of Labor, to express my feelings of ap- prehension over the grave consequen- ces which might follow from the for- mation of an organization within the American Federation of Labor, even though it might be claimed that said organization is formed for the achiev- ment of a laudable purpose. “My conscience and my judgment lead me to advise against it aftd em- phasize most vigorously the danger of diyision and of discord which may follow. “My loyalty and devotion to thre principles and ideals of the American Federation of Labor—inspire me to transmit this col unication to you. I ask you to accépt it in the fraternal spirit in which it is sent.” Such is the “fight” that brews today between the Committee for Industrial Organization, headed by John L. Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers of America, and William Green, presi- dent of the American Federation of Labor. How far the “fight” will go, into how many flelds it will ramify, whether it means the first “rift in the lute” of the American Federation, re- mains to be seen, remains a subject for conjecture and argument. But this much is true: The commit- tee is meeting with tremendous sym- pathy among the rank and file of workers throughout the Nation. Its broad, democratic appeal is naving telling effect in winning adherents. There is every reason to belisve that mass production has affected skilled labor adversely. Machines have sup- planted men and, save in only a few instances, craftsmanship is dominated in the industrial picture. So what is to prevent Labor from feeling this momentous corner turning of indus- try? Nothing. For the disinterested ob- server it is labor “weltering through” to new ground with “the times.” Just another bit of evidence that the world moves. Peace in Prospect (Continued Prom Third Page.) nominations might be dictated by a minority of the delegates. Andrew Jackson, “Old Hickory,” was responsible for the two-thirds rule for nominating presidential and vice pres- idential candidates. When his first term as President was drawing to a close, Jackson decreed that the Dem- ocrats should hold a national conven- tion for the nomination of the party ticket. First Democrat Convention. This was the first national conven- tion of the Democratic party for the purpose of nominating for President and Vice President. Earlier nomina- tions had been made by State, con- gressipnal and legislative caucuses. ‘The national convention idea appealed to Jackson as being closer to the peo- ple. At that, the Old Warrior was copying the National Republican party of those days, which held a national convention in 1831 and nom- inated Henry Clay as presidential candidate. Jackson could have had the Demo- cratic nomination without calling a convention, but he wanted Martin Van Buren of New York, his Secretary of State, nominated for Vice President. It was Jackson who decreed that the rule governing the nomination of candidates should provide that “two- thirds of the whole number of votes in the convention shall be necessary to_constitute a choice.” Not only did Jackson succeed in having Van Buren nominated for Vice President in 1831-32, but he also succeeded in hav- ing Van Buren nominated for Presi- dent in 1936, and Van Buren, with the backing of Jackson, was elected. | Why Jackson insisted upon a two- thirds vote to nominate has never been satisfactorily explained. It is strange, however, that Van Buren was a few years later to suffer from the effect of this rule demanded by his old chief. At the close of Van Buren's four-year term, he sought re-election, but was defeated by William Henry Harrison, the Whig candidate. Van Buren came knocking at the door for the Democratic presidential nomina- tion in 1844, seeking vindication. On the opening ballot in the Democratic National Convention he received a clear majority of the votes cast. But he never could reach the two-thirds mark. Polk a “Dark Horse.” Van Buren had written a letter dis- | couraging annexation of Texas, which was not relished by some of the Southern delegates. They plotted to bring forward a “dark horse” candi- date—and they did so. James K. Polk of Tennessee was the man they picked. After seven ballots had been cast resulting in no nomination be- cause Van Buren could not obtain a two-thirds vote, the opponents of Van Buren succeeded in getting an ad- Jjournment. They perfected their plan for Democrats In Move to Kill Two-Thirds Rule and launched Polk on the eighth bal- Jot. The convention was “stampeded” and the first “dark horse” candidate of any of the major political parties had been chosen. Polk had been the first Jackson leader in the House of Representatives. Later he was Governor of Tennessee. In national politics and as a national figure he was little known. The year of his nomination, in Baltimore, was the first year that the telegraph was in use. Many persons did not believe that messages could be sent. When the Whigs in convention in Baltimore nominated Clay for President, and the message came in the Morse code, the skeptics said any one could guess what the Whigs would do. Later, when the Democrats nominated Polk, and the name came over the wire, the skeptics insisted that the telegraph was a fraud. It was the nomination of Van Buren they had been expect- ing. Not until a train rolled into Washington from Baltimore, bringing the news, were they convinced. The new instrument, however, served also to carry that year the de- clination of Silas Wright, Senator from New York, to accept the vice presidential nomination, and to run with Polk. Other Notable Struggles. Van Buren and Champ Clark are the only two candidates for the Dem- ocratic presidential nomination who obtained a majority vote in national convention and failed to be nominated. There have been other notable strug- gles, however, for the Democratic nomination. In 1924 at Madison | Square Garden 103 ballots were needed |to reach a nomination. The nominee was John W. Davis of New York end West Virginia, & compromise candi- date between the Al Smith and Wil- liam Gibbs McAdoo forces. McAdoo approached the majority figure, but | never reached it. The Democratio | party was badly torn in this struggle. Gen. Cass, in 1848, was unable to win | 8 Democratic nomination because of the two-thirds rule. In 1860 Stephen A. Douglas had failed to obtain nomi- nation of a united Democratic party largely because of this two-thirds rule. If the two-thirds rule is thrown out | by the Democratic National Conven- tion and a mejority rule is adopted, Franklin D, Roosevelt will be the first Democrat so nominated for President since the convention plan for nomina- tions was adopted by his party. It will be merely another precedent set by the New Deal President. He is ex- pected to be renominated unanimously by the convention. Whether a two- thirds rule or a majority rule obtains in the convention is of little moment, therefore, at this time. The Demo- crats are looking to the future, how- ever, and hope that by doing away with this ancient Jacksonian rule, they will be able to avoid bitter conflicts in days to come. From Third he explained, with his characteristic disarming smile. ‘When he has recast the King's per- sonal staff arrangements (the house- hold is in turmoil at present and sun- dry resignations and retirements on pension are pending) he will probably plan to leave London late on Friday nights for “the fort” and not return until Tuesday noon. Even when the court is officially in residence at Wind- sor Castle, chief seat of the monarchy, the King probably will be living at the adjacent “fort.” Wants Handy Facilities. A busy man, he wants has facilities for exercise handy. He is not a tennis player and he rides little now—never in the horse-ride circling the park back.of his London palace, where his father until his final iliness regularly took before-breakfast rides. Swimming in his own pools, squash on his own courts, golf and gardening, along with his physical jerks—this is now his exercise and games program. sidered. FOLDING OXFORDS With Chain this week at a price dollars! The regular The Use Your Charge Street Floor $4.85 Always smart—always stylish and practical. Offered that means a savin, King Edward, Who Will Be 42 On Tuesday, Keeps Himself Fit After 15 years of trial and error ex- | perimenting, he has reached that | goal. | give him relaxation and pleasure, while doing their job with that body, which he disciplines so strictly and keeping his nervous system in tune. The physical jerks are from Muller's system. The King prefers the so- called activity exercises—knees un- bending and stretching, hopping and jumping. He also does any special ex- ercises advised by Sir Morton, a smart Scotsman and famous Grosvenor Square practitioner, who was a fight- ing naval officer during the war and is now a leading authority on muscles and joints, the treatment of sprains and injuries thereto and of how to keep these items of the human organ- ism in tune. The King goes to him frequently. He has to watch his nerves. At one time he was sleeping badly. He tried various fhings from counting sheep to deliberately tiring the body. He still slept badly. Then he tried an old THE ““GLARE” MONTHS ARE HERE! PROTECT YOUR VISION - FROM THE SUN Eye comfort in Summer means protection from the sun’s rays. Visit our OPTICAL DEPART- MENT for authentic information on how to eliminate GLARE! Remember—our prices are LOW—in fact, the lowest possible, quality con- g of several round, engraved, white gold- filled style with chain to match. BIFOCAL LENSES, $8.95 Invisible and highly ground and polished. answer to your bifocal White lenses in all shapes and ‘grg)lem. Account or Our Convenient Pay Plan Y Registered tometrist 1936—PART TWO remedy—warm milk and whisky. It worked. He had a spell of nervous indiges- tion. He tried half a dozen cures be- fore he found breathing exercises, which have a massaging effect on the region of the lower, ribs. They fixed it. The breathing exercises were de- vised by Cortlandt MacMahon, Wim- pole street specialist. Although they need practice and control, they are ef- fective. In essence these exercises con- sist of taking a deep breath into the lower lungs, holding it and simulta- neously contracting the abdominal muscle and concentrating the mind on the region of the diaphragm to se- cure control of the muscles there and to make them exercise the internal massaging function When he is being run extra hard now, he turns to the Turkish baths for tone-up. He has taken as many as three in a week, going down to a club bath with his valet. He cuts the mas- sage If he is feeling tired; taking a tip from Winston Churchill, who in war- time, when he was working day and night at the admiralty, used to repair with three friends regularly to the Turkish baths, but cut the massage (the only one of the four who regu- larly took the massage succumbed be- fore his time) The King eats reasonably now, but only the plainest food. Fruit, a little fish or bacon or scrambled eggd for breakfast. A cutlet and green vege- tables, or cold meat and a salad—this is a favorite lunch. Dinner, a little of the fish and meat dishes, some fruit. He smokes a few cigarettes, a good deal of pipe tobacco, and likes a good cigar; he chooses the latter with care, and will smoke a couple of 5-inch ones after dinner. He runs his office with all the aids known to modern business science; he is a working King five days in the week, and likes to be a private person, as far as that is possible, over the week end His week ends are physice ally zestfl, and even in the quietude of this country home he is up early, following the Napeoleonic rule which the Emperor voiced thus to the lady who was surprised to hear that he slept in a soldier’s bed so narrow that there was scarcely room to turn in it: “Madam, when I turn, I turn out!” World Copyright Reserved. o Ardmore Group Elects. ARDMORE, Md., June 20 (Special). —Warren Lee Olff has been re-elected president of the Young Peoples” League of the Union Evangelical Church, with Willaim Hammerly, vice president; Miss Mary Yoho, treasurer, and Miss Louise Coomes, secretary. Cuban Tourists Increase. Cuba entertained more than twice as many tourists during the Winter season as the year¥before. FRIGIDAIRE WITH THE"METER-MISER" wins. WASHINGTON ARLINGTON G. 0. P.CLUB WILL PICNIC WEDNESDAY Former Representative to Speak at Glen Echo Park Outing. BY a Staff Correspondent of The Star. ARLINGTON COURT HOUSE, Va., June 20.—In place of its regular meet- ing Wednesday, the Republican Clyb of Arlington County will hold its annual picnic at 5 p.m. that day at Glen Echo Park. A talk by former Representative Phillip Campbell of Kansas will fea- ture the progrgm, which will include amusements and refreshments. ‘Transportation will be arranged for members and friends not having au- tomobiles by the committee in charge. 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