Evening Star Newspaper, November 14, 1935, Page 2

T A2 %x¥ BRITIH OFFCER KILS CARO ROTER Wounds Three Others and Receives Head Injuries in Clash With Egyptians. (Copyright, 1935 by the Associated Press.) CAIRO, Egypt, November 14.—A British officer shot one rioter to death | and wounded three others seriously today, it was announced officially, amid tension arising from serious anti- British demonstrations. “Earlier reports said all four dem- $bstrators died under the fire of the officer, who sustained minor head in- Juries himself in a clash with a party of Egyptians advancing on Cairo from nearby Giza Authorities said the officer involved in the incident was named Bimbashi Lees. British officials conceded that they were worried by the demonstrations. | which were expected to last for several | days, but indicated they determined to | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, What’s What Behind News In Capital Secret Count on Jobless Higher—G. O. P. Weighs L. Douglas. BY PAUL MALLON. HE Government has its own se- | cret unemployment figure. Oniy top officials see it. Ordinarily governmental statisticians are never permitted a glimpse, It runs a little higher than the | published figures, especially those of | the American Federation of Labor. A few days ago it stood at about | 10,700,000. Authorities on the subject believe the secret figure is only slightly more accurate than the published ones. All are largely guesswork. Even the A. F. of L. is now revising its estimating system. No ade- quate unemployment figures exist. put them down. A tour of Cairo hospitals disclosed that more than 100 members of Egypt's powerful Wafd party, demanding the resignation of the government and an end fo British “domination” of the | kingdom's affairs, suffered injuries A top-notch economist here has made a private check of the| | relationship between employment and | unemployment since the New Deal{ started. His employment indicates that March, 1933, estimate in un- | was BANKS T0 ADHERE 10 SOUND RISKS President’s Reduced Rate Plea Calls Attention to U. S. Housing Loans. BY DAVID LAWRENCE. President Roosevelt’s comments on the interest rates charged by banks will lead many people to believe that whether interest-rates are high or low is something for ‘the Federal Govern- ment to regulate and that the matter is peculiarly the province of a Presi- dent of the United States. Actually, however, subjects of pro- found importance _to the economic structure of the Government are often discussed in a casual manner by the President in his press conferences and the resultant headlines inevitably give an impression of Government power or Government influence in a given situation which is out of all propor- tion to what really can happen. Interest rates are inseparably inter- woven with the question of risk. Mr. Roosevelt himself made that clear to the correspondents when he said that the better the risk the iower the rate should be. Hence, any generalization as to whether interest rates are too high and should come aswn, or wheth- er they are too low and should go up ranging from gunshot wounds in the 15.000,000 and in August, 1935, about legs“to cracked heads in the first 11,100,000, a decrease of 3,900,000 clashes with the authorities. | But employment increased from 34- *The disorders, which started during | 800.000 in March, 1933, to 39.500.000 the Cairo celebration yesterday of |in August this year, an increase of Egypt's “independence day,” spread to | 4.700,000. is like the perennial argument as to whether we are suffering today from overproduction or underconsumption. Farmer’s Case Cited, The case that Mr. Roosevelt cited of | various smaller towns, including Tan- tah and Beni Suef, where police fired into the crowds. Three were wounded et Tantah. » .Demand Premier Resign. Thé British police and military, ‘bringing pressure to bear against the manifestations, reported early today that gll Egypt was under control. The strong aNtionalistic Wafdist movement, nevertheless, persisted in its demand that Prime Minister Tewfik Nessim Pasha resign. The party adopted a resolution that | urless his retirement is forthcoming, the Walfdist movement would refuse | to_¢d-operate in any way with the| gdvernment of this nominally inde- yendent kingdom or with British au- thoritles. Authoritative sources believed that if this program was carried out, it might result in a movement similar to India’s *civil disobedience™ campaign, hamper- ing seriously Great Britain's efforts to | enforce sanctions against Italy for its | war on Ethiopia. The first day's disorders came to a climax last night with a great Wafd party mass meeting, at which Nahas Pasha, former prime minister and leader of the independence movement, criticlzed Great Britain bitterly. 50 Heads Are Cracked. Another outbreak followed, during | which police and troops cracked some | 50 heads. During the day there had | been numerous demonstrations started | by students who led the celebrations | of “Independence day"—anniversary of the founding of the Wafd party. Although order finally was restored, E'Mng undercurrent of anti-British feeling still ran through radical | quarters. The Wafd movement was reinforced | in its opposition to ‘British influence by the more boisterous Cairo elements, Jjoined the students yesterday in efr .window-smashing attack on the What it means is that, while there are only 3,900,000 fewer un- employed. The disparity is due to the increas- ing number of employvables who never have had work. The number of creased about 3,000.000 since 1929. To Average Last Year's. 4,700,000 more people are working, | employables is supposed to have in- | a farmer who had 60 per cent ready in cash and couldn’t get a lower rate than 6 per cent when he shopped around to find a lender for the re- mainder of the purchase money he needed to acquire a farm may or may not have been related to the differ- ence in viewpoint of the banks as to| how much risk was involved. To lend on farms today involves numerous considerations in which pre- diction as to the future plays no small part. Will the Federal Government, for example, continue to hold up the price of farm property by continuing | indefinitely to refinance farm mort- | | gages? Will the productivity of farms | be maintained at the present level, or will farm lands be worth much less later on as adjustment and produc- tion control programs reach a stable Another phenomenon of these new | unemployment figures is that this appraising farm land, and when there year they will average as high as last year in spite of all the business improvement. The best expert guess is that for 1935 the average will be 11,500,000. (The average has been 11,750,000 so far). The average for 1934 also was 11,500.000. Even in 1929 the average was 2,000,000 and in 1933 a peak of 13, 000.000 was reached. The biggest decrease in unem- ployment was during the first seven months of the New Deal, when 4.000.000 persons were put back to work. There has not been any comparable improvement since. Note—These figures are based on an adjustment in the 1930 unemploy- ment census and carried forward. They have not been published, but are considered by some economists to | | be more accurate than most of. those | | which are published. k! Solid economic articles by ex-Diree- tor of Budget Lewis Douglas have British consulate. ‘The political situation thus brought inte the open had been gathering | &gitation for a long time. | ‘Fhe Wafd party originally supported | Prime Minister Nessim, who has been attracted so much attention, as pub- lished by & monthly magazine, that they are now being printed in pam- phlet form. Some conservative New Dealers are suggesting quietly that President basis? These are points that the | ®nder must take into consideration in is virtual unanimity as to the interest rate that should be charged, it is usually because lenders view the risk | much the same way. | But the significance of any state- ment that comes from a President of | the United States is that somehow the | | Federal Government has some power to regulate the matters discussed. Otherwise the comment is apt to be wholly misconstrued as a hope for | & change through governmental in- tervention. To fix the price of credit generally is not the Government's | function, though, to be sure, the Government itself has a far-reaching influence on other interest rates when | it sets the rate at which it will offer | its own bonds and notes to a borrow- ing public. Lower Rate Desired. | By the Associated Press. | the German industrialist has been simplified. 3 WOMEN INVOLVE GEBHARDT SLAYING Authorities Plan to Ask Grand Jury to Indict One of Blonds. NEW YORK. November 14.—Two blonds and a wife complicated the | efforts of authorities to learn why Dr. | Fritz Gebhardt was slain, but they said they would ask the grand jury tomorrow to indict Miss Vera Stretz, one of the biondgs, as his killer. Police said Miss Stretz had trailed and econo- mist to a West Side hotel, where he met the other blond. They advanced the theory that she shot him in his | twenty-first-floor room in the Beek- man Tower Hotel after a “showdown” Tuesday. Before learning of the mysterious woman police had worked in the belief that the 31-year-old college graduate | and part-time employe in Gebhardt's New York office had killed him when he either revealed to her that he was already married or told her that their affair must end. Refuses to Discuss Case. Miss Stretz refused to discuss the case, although police said she told them immediately after the shooting that she was engaged to Gebhardt and | had shot him, A hundred romantic letters and ca- | A THURSDAY, The Clan Malcolm, which recently ran aground at the Lizard, near Falmouth, England, being pounded by rough seas that are slowly breaking her to pieces on the jagged rocks. considerably lightened by the removal of her fixtures, the task of the sea in condemning the vessel to the bottom Due to the fact that the vessel was NOVEMBER 14, 1935. Sea Prepares Ship for Davey Jones’ Locker —Wide World Photo. Farm Woes Blamed On Debts in Talk| At Grange Session 70-Year-Old Colorado Delegate Tells of Hard- ships for Borrower. By the Associated Press. SACRAMENTO, Calif, November | 14.—A grizzled little man looked back today over 42 years of tilling a living from mother earth and cautioned young farmers: “Keep out of debt.” John Morris was born in Wales 70 years ago and began fighting his own battles when | he was 10, said he blamed debt “as much as anything else” for the mis- |lief, 400,000 persons employed in Gov- | Pected to amplify his explanation of eries of the farmer during the last few ernment construction outside of the refusal to interfere with the two pur, years, | “Bad prices and the drought hurt terribly, but it was debt which hurt | most,” said the quiet-spoken fruit and vegetable farmer, who looks nearer 50 than 70. “Most of the thousands who lost their places have only themselves | to blame.” 267618 LISTED ONU. S. PAY ROLL Millions of Others Draw, Federal Funds in Direct or Work Relief. By the Associated Press A survey today showed 2620618 persons are now employed directly by the Government, with millions of of Golden, Colo, who ' others partially or wholly dependent P. W. A. allotment, said in New York | that but for Ickes German bids would on Federal funds. ‘The others include an estimated 2,- 000,000 families still on direct re-| Works Progress Administration pro- gram, and 855,867 drawing veterans' compensation or pensions. An esti- mated 3,000,000 farm benefit pay- ments also will be made during the year. Because of the inevitable duplica- tion in some of these figures, a total | ICKES SEES AIDS ON GERMAN STEEL Secretary Preparing State- ment to Explain Position on Imports. By the Assoclated Press. Amid signs of administration dif- ferences over use of German steel on P. W. A. projects, Secretary Ickes con- ferred with legal aids until late la night over a statement designed to explain further that he cannot inter- fere. Secretary Roper declared, mean- while, after a conversation with Ickes, that while he did not wish to be considered narrowly nationalist, he thought domestic steel should be used “in these particular cases.” Protest is Lodged. James A. Emery, counsel for the National AsSociation of Manufactu- rers, and William Green, president of the American Federation of Labor, earlier had protested against purchase of German steel for two P. W. A~ financed projects, the Triborough Bridge in New York City and an ocean terminal at Moorhead City, N. C. They are the first on which foreign steel is being used, Ickes said yester- day. CANADA-U. . PACT - AWAITS SIGNATURE New Trade Agreement Has Industry Aroused Over Import Threats. B the Associated Press. Formal signing of the new Canae dian-American reciprocal trade treaty, | designed to increase commercial intere | change between the two countries, |awaits only the arrival of the Do- {minion’s premier, W. L. Mackenzie | King. | Making his second trip to Washing- ton within a week, the Canadian is due here tomorrow especially to ratify the agreement which he and Presi- dent Roosevelt reached last week. Secretary Hull will sign for the United States, with the formal cere- mony teking place soon after King's | arrival. Just what tariff concessions will be granted under the treaty is unknown, |but already lumber, live stock and | other irterests have become aroused lest American duties on Canadian ex= ports of their commodities be lowered. Law Allows Half Trim. The reciprocal trade law of 1934 authorizes the President to reduce Two outspoken New Deal opponents | tariffs as much as 50 per cent in exe yesterday challenged Ickes' contention that he had no authority to interfere either in New Ycrk, where American bids for steel piling were 47 per cent higher than the German, or at Ocean change for concessions by other nae tions. How many a s will be af- | fected by the agreement with Canada will not be known until after it has been signed. He offered his counsel between ses- Of the persons or families drawing | City, which rejected the 52 per cent Representative Coffee. Dem o higher American offers. T mocrat, of Nebraska, discussed the live stock Schall Refers to Duties. question with Mr. Roosevelt and said Senator Schall, Minnesota Repub- |later he had received assurances that lican, declared in a statement that the | if the cattle tariff were lowered a quota tariff law of 1930 authorized increased | System would be set up. duties to the amount of any expon\ Rumors of a slash in lumber duties bounty or subsidy. "{e said “this | brought from Dr. Wilson Compton, would be a bar to importation of |manager of the National Lumber German steel, on which Hitler govern- | Manufacturers Association, an assere ment is now paying export bounty | tion that such a move would amount alleged to be 50 per cent.” | to “selling the lumber industry down Robert Moses, Republican secretary | the river.” of the Triborough Bridge Aumomy‘{ Big Reductions Asked. Before negotiations for the new who had successfully resisted the | Roosevelt administration's attempt t0 |y oot " (v ot Jact January, the Cana- dian Government asked for 50 per oust him by withholding the bridge's cent cuts in the tariffs on lumber, | fish, potatoes, milk and cream, live | cattle, other agricultural products | and several minerals. | In exchange, it offered to pare Canadian duties on a number of American products, both natural and manufactured. Principal American exports to the Dominion include coal, petroleum, n, steel, fresh fruits, automobile parts, raw cotton and chemicals. | Canadian - American trade has dropped sharply since 1929. Because Canada, next to Great Britain, is have been barred. Ickes’ projected statement was ex- chases. The projects fall under dif- ferent regulations. . Bankers (Continued From First Page) Undoubtedly, the President Would‘hlpgrnms which passed between the | like to see a general reduction in in- | couple revealed no clue to a motive. | terest rates. He believes in what is ' Neither did the woman's unwitnessed called “easy” money, -because Gov-| will, which left her property to her ernment borrowings can be financed better when interest rates are low than | | when they are high. But it is also | true that Mr. Roosevelt thinks eco- | nomic recovery would be accelerated 1f interest rates could be brought down. All this is only another way of say- | ing that low prices for money would acting during a political crisis, com- | Roosevelt put up an entirely different plicated by the question of Egypt's campaign front by appointing Douglas aid the borrowers of new capital as| father and two girl friends. All of the cablegrams and essages were unsigned. ©One from Dusseldorf, Germany. read | “Much heartfelt love,” vhile another rad; m A little later came one that said sions of the National Grange, where he is a familiar figure. For 28 years he has been master of the Colorado attending national conventions. “The farmers are in a lot of trouble,” he said. “I don't know what the solii= tion will be. The A. A. A, helped some a lot, but T don't think it helped us fruit-and vegetable men much. Co- operative marketing may be the an- | swer. It's helped a lot in those States which have it.” ———— NAZIS TRY BISHOP INCURRENCY CASE support from the Treasury could not | corporations less was producing a be reached. The grand total, in- cluding duplications, is almost 9,000,- | J‘Grange and for 27 years he has been 000. W. P. A. to Swell Total. Completion of the administration’s | program for putting 3,500,000 unem- ploved on work relief will swell the total drawing regular pay checks from the Government to more than 4,500,- 000. Correspondingly, it will decrease the total of those not employed di- rectly, but dependent on Federal | money. No single governmental agency | gathers all the figures. The most | complete single survey is made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which | reported that in September the reg- | ular rolls of the Government included 11,077,433, The Civil Service Commission lists 794,467 employes in the executive | factory progress is that which includes | branch of the Government, to which | the Bureau of Labor Statistics adds well as those who have obligations| C°rmany O. K. Still miss you,” and Joining Great Britain in applying sanctions against Italy. 1 ‘The Nationalist movement expected | Nessim to effect restoration of the | situation existing between the. two | Egyptian constitution, which was abol- iched with dissolution of Parliament | December 1, 1934, just before estab- lishment of the prime minister’s stop- §ap.government, representing no party. | Kennedy (Continued From First Page.) T business with England, they are now teginning to swing toward America. - “Fhe result,” Kennedy continued, “is & terrific increase in the stock market bustmess in this country. Foreigners are trading today in the United States Btodk Exchange in a market we are making. If they decide that condi: tions abroad warrant the bringing bac of the gold. you might have a situation | where withdrawals through sales of securities would have serious con- sequences. “*here is great confidence abroad in the American situation. France is still strong for devaluation and fis struggling hard to meet economic problems. Industrial plants in France are still suffering and the people are | bitterly opposed to devalued money. Premier Laval, however, is making a brave effort to save the day, but he is Jaced with a very difficult problem. “The leaders of both business and politics abroad feel the American re- covery accomplishments are really re- markable. They pay great compli- ments not only to the President, but “to Secretary of State Hull and Secre- tary of Treasury Morganthau for im- proved conditions. It is felt abroad that this country’s trade agreements have been of great benefit.” Kennedy then said England has met with certain success in its program of guiding aid to economic recovery, but while it has been depending upon pri- vate financing and private spending to assist the employment situation, the government now has adopted a policy ©of more government spending. Kennedy cited the keen interest shown by European countries in the success of the United States in re- funding loans at low rates of interest. He said the British and French par- ticularly marvel at this accomplish- ment. He pointed out that the best France could do was to refund loans at 5 per cent, whereas the United States had to pay only from 112 to 234 per cent. He said he observed in England the willingness on the part of British taxpayers to stand for additional in- come levies as a matter of national protection, . STORE OWNER ROBBED Two colored men armed with re- volvers held up Harry Wilenzig in his confectionery store at 600 Florida ave- nue last night, taking $13. Police believe the two are the same who figured in several recent robberies. An attempt was made also to rob a chain store at 1206 Fourth street, but the noise of crashing glass when a transom was smashed for entry is be- lieved to have frightened the thieves away. A man and three small boys, all colored, were seen leaving the scene. i to the cabinet as Treas: Secretary. The suggestion may be somewhat fantastic in view of the personal men, Considered by G. O. P. However, there is strong talk among Republican bigwigs again about taking up Douglas. He probably will not be offered the Republican vice presiden- tial nomination because of his old- fashioned Democratic tariff But there is good reason to believe he may be offered an important fiscal post in the next Republican cabine:, if there is one. Note—Douglas now is running the American Cyanimid Co. in New York, is completely absorbed by the business, | has no connections with Wall Street, | is not tampering with politics, has no political aspirations. — | are the result of slow and gradual re- The Literary Digest writes: “The | phrase ‘on the whole’ was omitted in this present referendum in order to clarify and simplify the question, because, in the previous (1934) poll, thousands of voters, and a number of newspapers, interpreted this one phrase into a variety of different meanings which apparently confused them in their voting. Therefore, in the current balloting the publishers of the magazine omitted the phrase because they felt that the general aims and the functioning of the New Deal as a national policy should be | well known by now to the voting public, due to the extensive publicity | which it has received in the daily press and the issue it has made in elections throughout the country since its innovation.” It was a rainy night when President Roosevelt attended the New York Masonic ceremonies for two sons. Traffic was thick at 7:15 p.m., the downtown lane on Park avenue was lined with police. At every corner they compelled traffic at cross streets to go straight on through, keeping Park avenue clear for the President. One chauffeur gave a strong argu- ment to a cop, saying his boss lived on Park avenue, and was expecting the car at that time, and the delay would probably cost him' a job. Police nevertheless pushed him up a side street. When Mr. Roosevelt came along he was in an open car sur- rounded by a motorcycle escort. The caustic comments from the Park avenue dwellers crackled like flint on steel. Also steel-like was Mr. Roosevelt’s entourage, which cared mnot what Park avenue thinks. On Third avenue it might have been different. Note—The Secret Service has lately been tougher, more careful, in making traveling arrangements to safeguard the President. The White House de- tail has been entirely reorganized since Mr. Hoover left. Most of the old hands have been shipped to out- lying districts. (Copyright. 1935.) views. | | outstanding. The Federal Housing | Administration at times has been | criticized for its supposedly high in- | terest rates. The total rate today for | interest and insurance—namely, all the | finance charges—amounts to about 6 | per cent. So a generalization that the rates of 6 per cent are too high | on farm property will come right back | to plague the President with reference lto the rates that are being charged through the Government's own agen- | cies in connection with housing loans. Lower interest rates have been fore- cast for some time as an inevitable result of the plethora of money cre- ated by the present credit inflation, | and there is no doubt that already | many businesses which have re- financed their debts in the bond mar- | ket have saved large sums of money through the downward revision of in- terest rates. But such changes in the | interest rate as affect individuals in | all manner of businesses and enter- | prises and in all sorts of borrowings for real estate and construction pur- | poses will hardly come overnight. They | turn of confidence in the wisdom of | lending money out for long time pur- poses once more. Lending People’s Money. Bankers, -as has so often been said, are not lending their own money but the people’s money. They went through, from 1929 to 1934, about as bitter a period of denunciation for their alleged imprudence in lending money as has ever been visited on any class of people in America for many generations past. They are not likely to swing now to risky loans. The banks are sound today because sound principles of lending have been estab- lished and the Federal Government, with its Deposit Insurance Corp., is deeply interested in maintaining that attitude on soundness toward risks. In a sense, when a bank charges 6 per cent on one loan that looks risky and 3 per cent or 2 per cent on some- thing that is well secured and well protected, the bank in question is merely charging about 3 or 4 per | cent for the use of its money, and probably 2 per cent above that sum goes as insurance to itself against the possibility that the given loan or others in its class might go sour. Interest rates are a combination of insurance against loss and a proper lending fee for the use of the money, enough to help pay the banks’ over- head and give a reasonable return on capital investment. Any bank that turns down good loans at 5 per cent when it asks 6 is just denying itself an opportunity to earn the 5 per cent. With good loans scarce, it is more than likely that the final interest rate fixed is, as a general rule, related to the risks involved. Interest includes insurance. That’s the Government's way of looking at it in the Federal Housing Administration, and the banks might readily present the same argument. (Copyright. 1935.) Hog-Call Winners Veterans. CONWAY, §. C. (P).—Two confed- erate veterans showed the “young uns” how to do it in & hog-calling contest. Bill Cook, nearly 90, took first prize and Luther Hardee, another octo- genarian, Was runner-up. [ from Southampton said “Everything | all right but miss you.” another ended “Love and trust in me.” | Before Dr. Gebhardt left Americe for Germany Miss Stretz wrote him in | student German that “Your new house | awaits you. Already parts of you are ere: the red roses, your picture, my- self. | “Fritz, it's so bad for you to leave me alone longing for you,” the letter went on. “Perhaps after we are mar- ried 50 years it will be the same. “I'm feverish—I'm mad about you.” Letters Dated Same Day. In a letter to the slain economist while he' was in Germany, after dis- cussing family financial problems, she wrote “Dearest, I need some one with whom I can laugh and sing.” In another, dated the same day, Miss Stretz discussed what was probably a previous letter suggesting that Dr. Gebhardt tell his wife of their affair. “What I wrote to you about speaking | to her should not be written,” she said. “Fritzie, it is impossible—you and I. ‘We just want to be good friends.” SNORES BRI!\.IG SLASHING CARROLL, Iowa, November 14 (&), —Lars Olson, a transient, doesn’t mind Jjail life, but snores—never. “I stood it as long as I could,” he | told officers in explaining why he slashed the face of Orville Wagar, an- other inmate. “Then I took out my knife and let him have it.” It was the way Wagar snored that prompted the attack, Olson said. Of- ficers said they would give him a sanity hearing. Shirley 'rem.ple‘s big dimpled smile is caused by a letter which she Defendant Tells of Church Distress and Nervous Breakdown. By the Associated Press. BERLIN, November 14 —Catholic Bishop Peter Legge of the important bighopric of Meissen, went on trial today for violation of currency laws— the first of his rank to appear as a defendant in a German court for some three score years. ‘The 53-year-old bishop, ® stocky figure in a plain clerical black coat, was pale but smiling as he took his place in the crowded Moabit court room, to which he was brought from the jail where he had been held since his arrest in October. Bishop Legge holds the highest rank of the dozens of members of Catholic organizations in the Third | Reich, being prosecuted for alleged | foreign exchange delinquencies. Charged with him were his brother, Secretary-General Theodore Legge of Paderborn, and Vicar General Prof. Wilhelm Soppa. A woman, Auguste Klein, was charged with complicity in the alleged violation of laws prohibit- ing transfer of foreign exchange from | the Third Reich, as was Secretary General Wilhelm Freckmann, both of Paderborn. - Ancient Skeleton. Skeletons of the Neanderthal type of man of 40,000 to 50,000 years ago have been found recently by a Rus- slan expedition in the Crimea. Commissionefl by President received from President Roosevelt appointing her his special messenger to deliver his autographed photograph to an admirer in Hollywood. The President’ also included a personally f; signed photograph for Shirley. —wide a 276.000 in the military services, 5,137 | in the legislative branch and 1,829 in the judicial. 1,543,185 on Work Relief. The Bureau of Labor Statistics 1,077,433 figure does not include those jon work relief. The last report of the Works Progress Administration showed 1543.185 employed on work relief, including the Civil Conserva- tion Corps. No official estimates of the number still on direct relief are available, but in September the average was 3,263,- 199. In this computation, only the 2,000.000 which W. P. A. still expects to draw off the relief rolls were counted as still on direct relief. Those employed on other construc- tion financed by the Government in- clude more than 300,000 still work- ing on cid public works projects, 50, 000 on construction financed by reg- ular appropriations and 50,000 fi- nanced by Reconstruction Finance | Corporation loans. Officials of the Agricultural Ad-| Jjustment Administration said there | was no way to estimate the total | | number of farmers who would receive benefit payments during the year | without some duplication, because | some farmers operate under more | than one contract. Their total of 3,000,000 was & round figure, o GUFFEY COAL ACT DEFENSE CLOSED Accident Rate Testimony Com- pletes Case of Govern- ment. By the Associated Press. The Government closed its defense of the Guffey coal stabilization act today after introducing testimony on | the accident rate in the bituminous coal industry. F. A. Critchlow, Assistant Attorney General, said the Government reserved the right, in the District of Columbia Supreme Court trial, to cross-examine James Walter Carter, president of the Carter Coal Co., on profits and losses of his concern prior to the coal code. Carter, attacking constitutionality of the Guffey act, seeks an injunction to restrain collection of taxes on coal imposed by it. Willam D. Whitney, counsel for Carter, said rebuttal testimony would be completed this afternoon and ar- \guments probably heard by Justice Jesse Adkins early next week. 4 ‘The Government’s principal witness today was William W. Adams, head of accident statistics work for the Bu- reau of Mines, who emphasized that from 1924 through 1933 a total of 15,471 men were killed in bituminous coal mines in the United States. s R. E. L. SMITH PROMOTED R. E. L. Smith, who has been as- sistant probation officer in Police Court for the last 12 years, today was appointed chief probation officer by the four Police Court judges. He replaces Estelle Foster, who re- ’ America’s best customer, officials call | this trade treaty far more important tha.. any of the four now in force with other nations or the 14 others being negotiated. rather lop-sided prosperity. Heavy Goods Lag. “In the past three years,” the report said, “there have been large increases in the consumer purchas- | wapin, ™ " " AID TO TRANSIENTS GIVEN TILL MONDAY | Allen Orders Extension to Allow “They have been due to such factors as wage advances in most lines of employment, to increased agricul- tural incomes, and to the heavy dis- bursements of the Federal Govern- ment for public works, .for the re- financing of farm and urban mort- gages and for relief. * * * “The part of our national productive economy which has not made satis- Time for Placing About 900 Men. Approximately 900 transients who ble goods.” were to have been thrown back on o thei~ own resources tomorrow will be Capital Issues Shrink. | given aid until Monday under orders 1t said the chief reason for lack of | issued today by Commissioner George production of such things as manu- | E. Allen. facturing plants and their machinery, | ships and locomotives, pipe lines and bridges, cranes and ore docks was that “there has been nearly complete shrinkage in the flow of new capital issues by corporations.” construction, and the making of dura- Meanwhile a solution to their prob= |lem will be sought by Allen in the hope of finding permanent arrangee ments for transients not included in the works project at Berwyn Heights, | Md, or in C. C. C. camps. The commission regarded the “huge | payid Linden, District transient di~ | accumulated shortages of the depres- | | rector. conferred this afternoon with slon period as constituting a great in- | Ross Haworth, administrative assistany dustrial opportunity, and our | vast | to Allen, and William C. Cleary, ase excess bank deposits as the means by | sistant deputy works administrator, which we may avail ourselves of that | o plan details for Allen's program. opportunity.” It firs The bankers declared business had | ¢.icic ¢y “genuinely” improved for farmers, re- tail merchants, hotel keepers, enter- tainment managers and most news- papers, but that “20 per cent of our workers are idle, and their numbers have not changed much during the past two years' t was thought all the Dis- ransient problems, except the | non-employables, would be solved with }Lhe starting of the low-cost housing | project at Berwyn Heights. More res | cently, it was disclosed there are in Washington some 400 veterans wha applied too late to get in the last C. 5 L g C. C. quota; about 250 transients re- The report was signed by Leonard | jocted by the Rural Resettlement P. AyTes, vice president of the Cleve- | 1 A = 2 2 Division for Berwyn Heights work, land Trust Co., chairman, and by the | anq pearly 300 wives and children of 0“,;5}: committeemen. men assigned to Berwyn Heights wha e hope that interest charges | jack finances until the men thera would be pared in order to put large | recejve their first pay checks two bank reserves to work was expressed | weeks hence. yesterday in Washington by Mr. | < | ing activities would play an impor- el fi G tant role in the recovery campaign, |0 be close Eow it properly used. Unless this money | is released within a reasonable time, he added, the large deposits would slow up recovery. Bankers attending the convention greeted President Roosevelt's state- ment with assertions that banks were lending money much below the Presi- dent's prescribed 6 per cent level. J. R. Cain, vice president of the Omaha National Bank and past presi- dent of the National Bank Division of the American Bankers' Association, said: “A good many loans are being made with us at rates under 6 per cent. I would say that they run from 45 to 5 per cent. We have had a moderate rate in the Middle West for some time. There is not much housing construction in our section presently, but there is plenty of talk of it in the air.” Thomas J. Davis, president of the First National Bank of Cincinnati, “In our section I would think that 6 per cent was the exception because of the plentitude of funds, especially in the urban communities. Consid- erable new housing is in prospect and real estate mortgage loans are being taken care of by banks, insurance companies and other lending institu- tions without difficulty when the value warrants.” Carl M. Spencer, president of the Home Savings Bank of Boston, Mass., and president of the National Asso- clation of Mutual Savings Banks, said: “I come from New England and the interest rates are coming down there | as conditions permit. Money is being furnished at rates satisfactory to bor- rowers. There is not much housing construction under way as vet.” W. D. Ferguson, president of the Thomas County Bank, Colby, Kans., declared: “We are just a little country bank and I am just a grass root banker out West. Our loans won't average 6 per cent. I think that the Presi- dent, in saying that interest rates have got to come down, is giving ‘World Photo. * ' tired on May 11 after 20 years' service. us & slap in the face. L] [ Irvin S. Cobb | Says: Today’s Youth Must Reap Bitter Grain Sown by Our Folly. SANTA MONICA, Calif, November 14—In the brave days before '28, the future of an ambitious young graduate was assured. He sold bonds. Statistics show there was & salesman for every bond. Shortly | thereafter, any | fellow who owned a bond was his own salesman. I still bave some very beautiful ones which I'd like to swap for a pair of moss- agate cuff but- tons, a ukulele, a collection of post- age samps or what have you? % ‘Then followed the dreary years when the youth with a diploma had nowherq to head in—desperate, hopeless years. But now—now he needn't worry any more about a career. If's all fixed, He can step out of college right into a C. C. C. camp. 1 am ashamed—trying to be funny over a most grim tragedy. It doesn'y matter about our generation, the mad architects of this disaster. We're too numbed by blows, some of us, to start over; too old, some of us, even to try; too stupid to admit that, by futile war, by speculation, by crazed exs travagance, we laid this burden upon our children and our children’s chile dren. We have sowed in folly; they must reap the bitter grain. (Copyright. 1035. by the North a0 ‘Newspaper Alliance. IIGM 3