Evening Star Newspaper, November 11, 1935, Page 8

"THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY . ..November 11, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES. .Editor — e The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: 11th 8t. and Pznnsylv:nlu“A". o Yok omee, WD Bist 1iidae \Cako Office; Lake Luropcan Omee: 14 Regent St. London. Engiand. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. -45¢ per month -60c per month -65¢ per month daye) [Tl "-5¢ Der cony The Suvday Star. Night Fin Eum Final and Sunday Star. Night Final Star. Collection made at Orders may be sent by tlonal 5000, ‘Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, DPaily and Sunday._..l yr. = 70¢ per month d of each mail or telephone Na- Daily only __. Sunday onlyC! All Other States and 11y and Sunday__1 Sr.. S aily ‘only Sunday only-. Member of the Associated Press. The Assoctated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this Paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. - = Armistice Day. Today the people of the United States, fn common with those of Great Britain, France ,and other countries, commemo- rate the termination of the World War and pay tribute to the fallen of that sad struggle. It is, of course, fitling and proper that the date should be remembered and the dead accorded the homage which, by their sacrifice, they have earned. Yet Armistice Day, 1935, has an aspect of hollow mockery that cannot be denied. The anniversary finds the earth afflicted by passions and hatreds, ambitions of greedy aggrandize- ment and fears of retribution so much like those of 1914 as to indicate the eventual outbreak of another and per- haps more cataclysmic conflict. Nations, it seems, have learned nothing from experience. Indeed, in the instances of Japan and Italy, military self-assertion appears to have become a habit, with weak and backward neighbors in the role of vic- tims, and the conscience of the human race has had no expression equal to the need for opposition to their inde- fensible designs. The League of Na- tions and the World Court are but shadows of the forces they should be if they are to have any effect as imple- ments for the correction of such crimes against civilization. Treaties and pacts enough, certainly, have been signed; promises of arbitration in sufficient num- ber made. Yet the pledges actually kept may be counted on the fingers of one hand. Democracy, too, has suffered all but complete eclipse since the conclusion of the ordeal which, theoretically, was to save it from wanton violation by forces of reaction. Russia and Germany are controlled by dictators who set the style for the masters of a lengthy list of smaller states. The very name of free- dom is a jest, and even those popula- tions which have power to choose un- hesitatingly yield themselves to dema- gogues whose only valid claim to recog- nition is that of their shameless sophistry and brazen presumption. Meanwhile, the soldier known only to God cannot rest in his beautiful shrine at Arlington. Rather, his valiant spirit must be moving in the hearts of millions. Faithful in death as in life to the high ideals which sent him to the fields of " Armageddon, his soul cannot enjoy re- pose while the justice and mercy he _paid for with his blood are withheld. He symbolizes a covenant whose terms must be fulfilled by individuals as well as by governments. The race for which he immolated himself owes him that debt. And the Almighty Father surely realizes that the common folk of the earth are trying to pay. The hope for peace is strong among the masses. Per- haps never before since history first was written has there been such uni- versal distrust of the processes of con- test. Hence the increasing importance of November 11 in the calendar of the generality of men. It is the day on which they rededicate themselves. And who shall dare to believe that their con- secration is vain? Instead, it is destined to achieve its purpose, soon or late, de- spite its handicaps and hindrances. The will to harmony and tolerance is growing steadily stronger, and its final triumph cannot be delayed forever. —_— e Government Expenditures. Government expenditures have wor- ried and are continuing to worry many people. The House Committee oh Ex- penditures in the Executive Departments, it is now revealed, has asked every de- partment and independent agency of the Government to tell it how money can be saved. It will be interesting to see the replies when they are made. What, for example, will be the suggestion of Harry L. Hopkins, head of the F. E. R. A. and greatest dispenser of Government funds? The House committee’s request for information is indicative of the growing feeling in Congress that the purse strings must be tightened. The huge Govern- ment spending, the vast increase in the public debt, and the shadow which ap- proaching taxes cast before them, taken together constitute a problem that is giving concern to members of Congress— Democratic members as well as Repub- lican. The Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments is headed by Representative John J. Cochran of Missouri and is composed of fifteen Democrats and six Republicans. The demand for information which may help toward a balanced budget, therefore, does not come in this instance from Republican quarters. If the House Committee on Expendi- tures, in addition to obtaining answers to its questions from the executive de- partments and independent offices, holds public hearings its procedure may be effective. Certainly it will show to the country the details of what is being done with the public money and the attitude THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MONDAY, N of the executive branch toward such expenditures. Beyond arousing senti- ment in Congress and in the country for greater governmental economy, and ex- posing waste if there be waste, this committee can do little. As a practical matter the Appropriations Committee of the House will shape the measures that carry the funds for the Government de- partments. Already the chairman .of that comnlittee, Representative Bu=- chanan of Texas, has delivered a sharp ultimatum to the House and to the executive branch of the Government that there must be marked curtailment of governmental expenditures. The Congress at its late session put through the greatest appropriation bill in its history—the so-called work-relief act—which carried a total of $4,830,000, 000. But that was not all of the govern- mental appropriations, not by billions of dollars. What the next session holds for the country in the matter of appro- priations is vital. No country and no government can continue to spend far beyond its means and survive. The present demand on the part of the Committee on Expenditures is a move in the right direction, provided that the committee is in earnest and intends to drive through to the end A mere gesture would have little value, outside of the field of politics. The at- tack on the Roosevelt administration because of the spending of billions of dollars that the Government does not have is becoming more and more severe. The demand for a balanced budget is growing. e Q . . Shanghai Again. Ever since Mussolini launched his African campaign, widespread fear has prevailed that Japan's militarists would seize upon the world’s preoccupation with the peril of a general war as an opportune occasion for fresh aggression in China. Several recent events seemed to presage such a drive. In October the Japanese presented demands which aimed at little less than the separation of North China and the creation of another “independent” state south of the Great Wall on the Manchukuo model. Last week, as a token of rising Chinese popular resentment of Japan's preten= sions and a too complacent Nanking at- titude toward them, an attempt was made on the life of Wang Ching-Wet, Gen. Chiang Kai-Shek's premier. There was evidence of a desire to punish Wang and his superiors for what is considered their supine pro-Japanese policy. During the present week end, on the pretext of avenging the Kkilling of one of their uniformed comrades by an un- known assailant, two thousand Japanese marines, mobilized from warships in harbor, marched into the demilitarized section of Shanghai, where they are still in possession. While the Chinese popu- lace is fleeing in a state of panic and terror, fearful of sahguinary events like those of 1932, Japanese naval and diplo- matic authorities are making imperious demands upon local Chinese officials for apprehension and punishment of the perpetrator of the assault, who is alleged to be some diabolical Chinese enemy cf Japan. The impression will be inescapable in the outside world that Japan, as in the case of the previous Shanghai affair, is again seeking justification for punitive action designed to strengthen her grip on China. One suggestion is that the navy, not wishing to be outdone by the army’s patriotic activities in the north, is bent upon martial exploits of its own in the Shanghai region, where it per= haps thinks it can do a better job than the ill-starred military adventure in Chapei on the former occasion. There is as yet no evidence that the invaders plan to extend their zone of occupation or embark upon armed operations, but they are calling for the “fullest co- operation” of the Chinese in tracking down the culprit and are prepared to remain until satisfaction is obtained. Grave consequences may be avcided, particularly complications involving the adjacent International Settlement, where both British and American interests are extensive, but this latest Shanghai epl- sode is ominous proof of Japan's un- quenchable purpose to exploit the merest incident to advance her program for progressive domination of China It may be more than mere coincidence that protest over the shooting of a marine synchronizes with a violent outburst over China’s reform of her currency system without Japanese consent. There is special objection to a proposed $50,- 000,000 British loan. Tokio spokesmen thunder that Britain seeks to reduce China to a “semi-colonial status.” This naive outcry symbolizes the theory that Japan is the indisputable mistress of China’s destinies. It is the newest manifestation of Tokio’s proclamation of two years ago that other powers must keep hands off in the Far East. Evi- dently it is considered that John Bull, in particular, is in no position at this critical hour to check or challenge Japa- nese projects in China. The war lords seem not disinclined to fish in troubled waters. e Human nature is hard to change. The Chinese and the Japanese never did like each other and probably never will, The American Spirit, On a certain occasion, many years ago, a great forest fire swept over a heavily timbered section of the beautiful State of Maine. The wind carried sparks from the blazing trees to the home of a farmer, and the house burned to the ground. Newspaper men, covering the story, saw the farmer's wife take brands from the smoldering wreck—to cook breakfast. The incident, observers decided, was symptomatic of the American spirit. And the same principle was manifest in the reaction of the people of Helena, Mont., when their city recently was shaken by successive earthquakes. Even while walls still were falling, tremors still being felt, the community began the task of rebuilding. The disaster was accepted without complaint, its losses “charged off” with philosophic resigna- tion. But the lesson of the experience was not missed. Instead, it was resolved to take advantage of the opportunity and to provide for reconstruction along more substantial lines. Of course, there was ample precedent for the courage demonstrated by the men and women of Helena. San Francisco, Chicago, Galveston and Baltimore are fairer cities today because of the cata- clysms which befell them in the past. In each instance, tragic catastrophe was utilized in the interests of progress. Accidents in individual lives provi- dentially often have like effect. The human soul frequently, if not always, meets the challenge of fate. Liabilities are converted into assets under the com- pulsion of a will to triumph, and the bitter experiences of the moment become by grace of conscience an endowment for the future. Every person, however fortunate or successful, has memories which prompt him to his best effort. The race grows wiser by process:'a of pain. Only when, after millions of years, the sun fades olt and the earth slows down to & final stop will the gradual evolution of the spirit which has made America cease. e The Chest Drive Opens. The choice of Armistice day for the opening of the Washington Community Chest campaign is wise and appropriate. It has the value of striking contrast, anyway, because, as every one realizes, there never can be any armistice with poverty, disease, social maladjustment or any similar condition which causes human suffering. Few persons require to be convinced of either the need for the Chest or its efficiency. Indeed, there must be only a handful of residents of the District of Columbia who have not had oppor- tunity at one time or another in recent years to test the value of the associated agencies. The influence of such organi- zations is general; it reaches into every home, touches every individual. Thus, it follows that the endowment of service which is asked benefits all classes, all parts of the city. No more serious mis- take could be made than that of sup- posing that the community effort helps only a particular minority. A broader significance can be demonstrated to the satisfaction q( any skeptic who may wish to inquire. The sponsors of the Chest drive, there- fore, are well within their rights when they ask some contribution from every man, woman and child able to give. None is exiled from the human family in which all are members; none is exempt from participation in a human enter- prise from which all will profit. Let the campaign, then, be accepted as was the call to arms in 1917, and let Wash- ington heed the summons in the same spirit, with the same devotion and to- ward as great a success. —— e The college professor must be prepared to cheer intelligently at a foot ball game. The students themselves prepare an interesting course of instruction in the basic principles of human nature. R A new deal is being discussed with interest as to whether the pack may be shuffiled for the purpose of a game of solitaire. oot Laboratory experiments to prolong life may help some, but more intelligent respect for traffic regulations will do even more. oot Business is enjoying a breathing spell, with an inclination to minimize the stuffed shirt as a sign of genuine chest expansion. oo Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Day of Remembrance. The reverence and the gratitude Sincerely are again renewed; Again the story we unfold, It is a story that is told. And shadows of such hurt and fear Must only from the past draw near; A brighter future is discerned Since such strange lessons have been learned. Clothes. “Why do you think women find it 30 easy to take a lead in politics?” “They don't have to worry so much about appearances,” said Senator Sor- ghum. “They can be photographed in any becoming attire, but a statesman is lost without a silk hat and a frock coat.” Jud Tunkins says it sounds like the greatest “to be continued” story ever written was being composed by the United States Supreme Court. Rough House Individualism. The individual we must heed In managing a nation’s need. ‘The individual must not pass Unnoted in the general mass. The individual will engage Our interest on every page, ‘Where “I I I” makes up the scene, With some few phrases in between. Rivers. “Do you want foreign music in our ad programs?” “Yes,” answered Mr. Dustin Stax, “give me ‘The Blue Danube.’ I'm tired of ‘Old Man River.’” Projects. Jack and Jill went up the hill To benefit the Nation. ‘They handled with but little skill A plan of irrigation. Humpty Dumpty had a fall, Left him in a plight. His trouble started with a wall He didn’t build aright. ‘We're startled often even in An ancient nursery song By projects easy to begin But easier to go wrong. "D; man dat honestly deserves de kind words on his tombstone,” said Uncle Eben, “has accomplished & good deal in life.” THE POLITICAL MILL By G. Gould Lincoln, ‘The bright spot in the political firma- ment for the Roosevelt Democrats today is Kentucky. If mention is made of Republican gains in other parts of the country—and there seems no doubt that such gains were made in Ohio for ex- ample—the Democratic answer is; “look at Kentucky.” There “Happy” Chandler was elected Governor last Tuesday by approximately 100,000 votes over King Swope, his Republican opponent. It was a big lead and showed the State clearly Democratic. The Chandler campaign was made on national issues. Elect Chandler to uphold the hands of Presi- dent Roosevelt; to spread the New Deal in Kentucky, was the burden of the Democratic pleas, both by Chandler and by the other Democratic leaders. * x % % The Democrats took no chances in their fight in Kentucky. They covered the State as the dew covers the grass in August. They realized that a Demo- cratic reversal in the Blue Grass State would be a terrible blow, psychologically, to the New Deal and to President Roose=- velt’s chances next year. The Roose- velt Democratic leaders took off their coats and went to work with a will. None was more energetic than Senator Barkley of Kentucky. He toured the State with Chandler and delivered him- self more than 100 speeches during the campaign. He is a good talker and on the stump, most effective, It was Senator Barkley who carried the’message to the Democratic State Committee months ago from President Roosevelt, urging that a primary be held to pick the candi- date for Governor instead of making the nomination through a State convention. Gov. Ruby Laffoon, & thorn in the side of the Roosevelt administration, in & convention could probably have suc- ceeded in naming his successor. This the administration did not want. So Barkley took up the cudgels. The fight at first was to knock down the Laffoon machine. It succeeded. * x ¥ X After Chandler had been nominated by the Roosevelt and anti-Laffoon forces, the job was to elect him. Real- jzing that a split in the Democratic party might make it difficult, or at least show the Republican losing by a very small margin, Senator Barkley and others carried the fight into every com= munity. They received aid in Republi- can sections of the State, where the coal miners are reported to have rallied to the Democratic cause, presumably be- cause of the Guffey coal act. The result of the election leaves Barkley sitting on top of the heap in the Blue Grass State. AT Former President Herbert Hoover is on his way East. He will deliver the second of his anti-Roosevelt and anti-New Deal speeches in New York. before the ©Ohio Society there, the end of this week. Thisis part of the campaign which the former President and titular head of the Re- publican party has laid out for him- self. His last address was delivered on the Pacific Coast, an attack on the spend- ing and the financial policies of the Roosevelt administration. * % x ¥ What effect the Hoover campaign against the New Deal will have upon the former President’s own political career is yet to be determined. Today only a few of Mr. Hoover's earnest ad- mirers believe that he has a chance to be nominated. The great bulk of his friends, many of whom would be de- lighted to see him in the White House, feel that his nomination would be & vir- tual concession of the election to Presi- dent Roosevelt. They fear that thé anti-Hoover spirit that developed so strongly in the early days of the depres- sion would operate again, even though the voters might not be so friendly to President Roosevelt as they were in 1932 and in the elections for Congress in 1934. * ox ok x Not having a Republican President to shoot at. the Democratic publicity de- partment is taking pot shots at the Re- publicans who are suggested as presis dential candidates. The latest to come under this fire is Gov. Alf M. Landon of Kansas. In his series—"Dispelling the Fog"—Charles Michelson, director of publicity for the Democratic National Committee, undertakes to survey Lan- don's availability for the Republican nomination. It is Michelson's conclusion that Landon is not available, because he would have to be for the A. A. A. which is anathema to the Republicans of the East. Furthermore, he points out that Gov. Landon campaigned as a dry, and that a dry Republican would not go so well with the voters. The Democrats, other than Mr. Michelson, rather expect the Republicans to turn to Landon in the end. It is said that is the expectation of the Presi- dent himself. If Landon should become the G. O. P. nominee, the main issues of the campaign would probably turn away from the A. A. A, so far as the presidential candidates are concerned. Landon would drive at the fiscal policies and the huge spending of the Roosevelt administration; at the effort of the Roosevelt administration to change and “reform” American life and institutions through social legislation and legislation giving the Government control over busi- ness and agriculture. Michelson under- takes to belittle Gov. Landon’s efforts to keep Kansas out of the “red.” He says in this connection: - “Next there is the widely heralded tidings that he has balanced the State's budget. Kansas folks tell us that their constitution makes it impossible for any Governor to unbalance the budget. There has been such a provision for years, and a Democratic Governor—Woodring— riveted the restraint on the State’s executive. However, any budget-balanc- ing Governor is an attractive object to a party tha# does not know what sort of a candidate it wants or what sort of a platform he must run on.” * Xk k * This effort to discredit Republican presidential possibilities is certainly forehanded. Usually the actual nomina- tion of a candidate is made before the opposing party unleashes its attack. But not so the present Democratic manage- ment. Besides, it is one way of meeting the sharp attacks upon President Roose- velt, which have grown in volume as the weeks have passed. So the Democratic Publicity Bureau has attacked in the past Col. Frank Knox of the Chicago Daily News, has turned up its nose at Senator William E. Borah, and will aim its shafts at any other Republican who comes into the limelight. Senator Norris' decision not to be a candidate for re-election in Nebraska next year will be a sad disappointment to the Roosevelt leaders. Norris has been a tower of strength in the past for the Democrats in Nebraska—the Roosevelt Democrats. It is yet possible that the veteran progressive, who runs as a Re- publican in the primaries and. in the elections, may be in the race. What his attitude might be if the Democrats put up a candidate for the Senate whom he considers a conservative, and the Re- publicans also nominate a conservative, is & question. He did not want to run again five years ago, wishing to retire from public life, but he was persuaded to by his many friends and admirers. They are doing their best again to get him to change his mind. VEMBER 11, 1935. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL., Traffic dangers are not the only ones encountered in daily city life. Getting something in the eye, whether a gnat or a bit of dust, may constitute a serious accident. Commonly, however, it is not so re- garded by the other fellow, the dear other fellow who often manages to find happiness in the mishaps of friends. To see some wight clap his hand to his eye and paw helplessly at an offend= ing but invisible object— What greater delight is there, to many beholders? Yet it is plain that the desire to laugh at such mishaps is not as widespread today as in the past. * k¥ % Every one, whether gifted with a sense of humor or not, realizes that something or other in the eye may lead to serious trouble, It is not always realized that, when it comes to this common accident, human- ity is divided into two classes and all of us come into one or the other. ‘The first group comprises all persons with good eyelashes, ‘The second, those with poor or almost no lashes. = Look at your acquaintances, from now on, and note that they fall in one or the other class. Often the man or woman with poor or indifferent eyelashes also has widely opened eyes. In many cases it will be found that such persons also are unable to close or “bat” their eyelids together quickly. * x x x These handicaps make it possible for their possessors to gather up dust and the like when members of the other group almost always escape. The latter, not being bothered, often are prone to discount the likelihood of injury to the others. Those susceptible in this way must take plain precautions, for not only is a cinder in the eye an evident discom- fort, but it may be the beginning of more serious trouble. The first thing such people must do is to keep in mind at all times while outdoors the possibility of accident. This means that they ought to refrain from looking with too-wide-open eyes at anything, no matter who or what the attraction. # This is such an elemental proposition that it probably will be overlooked by all those who disdain, in this life, to think about self-evident propositions. ‘The fact that a thing is very plain, however, is often the very reason why we - must think about it. We may know it 50 well that we dis- count it, and thus do the very thing we ought not to do. When this comes down to eyes, it is very easy to forget, when one goes outdoors, to beware of looking too intently, for looking intently ordi- narily means opening the eyes to their widest extent. * ® x X The second point is this: To be par- ticularly wary when walking through a door into the outdoors. The open door creates a draft and tends to pick up small bits of foreign matter. If one walks through a door, there- fore, without keeping the eyves semi- closed, one is very liable to a bit of dust lodging therein. If, of course, one’s eyes are easily filled. R Sometimes the members of this group become very much discouraged. It seems that they cannot step outdoors without running a grave risk. Then, once, they have caught a bit of sand or other matter, they experience unusual difficulty in dislodging it. Prevention is better than cure. It is much better not to get it in the eye, in the first place, than to remove it afterward, even if the matter is an easy process, as it is for some fortunate per- sons. The cinder-susceptible, as he might be called, often has very “touchy” eyelids. Even an occulist has difficulty in rolling back the upper lid. The moment he touches any part of the eye the lids close swiftly enough and tightly. Wherefore, it will be well for all suf- ferers to learn the art of closing the eyes quickly when speed is needed. The first step is entirely mental, to keep well in mind the danger, even on a windless day, of stepping squarely into a piece of foreign matter, The second is akin, to keep the eyes partly closed while outdoors on street or sidewalk. The third follows closely and is simply to acquire the art of closing the eye completely at the very first: glint of danger, * ® % *x ‘We use the word “glint” advisedly. Often the forewarned person is able to detéct the cinder, or dust, or insect Just as it starts to make its unwelcome entrance. A quick closing, then, often keeps the thing out entirely, but the only way this can be done is by eternal vigilance. It is decent caution to realize that most of the things that get into the eyes do not carry lanterns, exactly, but that some of them can be glimpsed, as it were, just as they are hurtling to hurt you. Persons who “get things in their eye” easily are particularly dogged by insects. Gnats, mayflies, midges, even flying ants, are attracted by the glint of the eye and seem to delight in trying to go at those more widely open than usual. It is only common sense, therefore, on the part of these persons, to think of this possibility while they open air, especially while .walking in the suburbs, or gardening there. Once an insect gets in, the aqueous humor of the eye, as it is called, tends to hold it there, much as a fly is en- tangled with old-fashioned flypaper. It is a good policy to wave the hand f has good corn, or wood, or boards, or in front of the face, every few steps, while walking along some country road where many insects are flying around. This motion helps keep them away, also it reminds the walker of his danger. If a foreign body gets in the eve, the best thing to do is to hold the eye shut for a second or two and refuse to be- come mentally stampeded. Only those with sensitive eves can comprehend this feeling of near panic. If the object will not come out by a simple rubbing—not too hard—one should not continue pawing at the eye. One ought not to permit a well-meaning but clumsy friend to do any pawing, eithe;. Often an eye cup and water will help get it out, and often enough the object comes out of its own accord during sleep. Care should be taken on awakening to make certain that the object is not rubbed back in. If anything that gets in the eye is not out by the next morning, the case should be taken to the doctor. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Senator George W. Norris evinces a desire to leave the Senate at a time which roughly marks his golden jubilee in public life. It's just about 50 years ago when, as a young Ohio lawyer, he emigrated to Nebraska and was elected to his first political office as prosecut- ing attorney at McCook. The veteran Progressive more than once in recent years has indicated his wish to quit the embattled arena he has so long adorned, but always yielded to persuasion to hang on a bit longer. Undoubtedlw such pres- sure will be exerted on him again this time, with President Roosevelt perhaps taking a hand in it. Persistence is one of Norris’ cardinal political attributes. Muscle Shoals legislation, culminating in the Tennessee Valley Authority, and | the lame duck amendment to the Con- stitution will be enduring monuments to his constructive congressional career and to his habit of keeping everlastingly at things. Democrats feel they could probably elect a member of their own party to the Senate from Nebraska should Norris not seek re-election, but most of them—with the possible excep- tion of his pet aversion, Jim Farley— would doubtless be just as content to see the old Republican Progressive bat- tler, confirmed New Dealer that he is, retain his seat as long as he pleases. x & k¥ Federal Judge William Caldwell Cole- man, who handed down the recent Bal- timore decision branding the utility holding company law as unconstitu- tional, is a Republican appointed to the United States district bench in Mary- land by President Coolidge in 1927. A Kentuckian by birth, Judge Coleman is a Harvard man and was in college while President Roosevelt was at Cambridge, though a class behind him. Coleman stayed on to take a Harvard law degree in 1909. The judge is a World War vet= eran, having served in the Field Artil- lery in 1918. He was once the Repub- lican candidate for attorney general of Maryland. * ok X X When_Prime Minister Mackenzie King received Washington newspaper men at the Canadian Legation the other day he extended a particularly hearty greet- ing to his old friend, Tom W. King of the Winnipeg Free Press. “In these democratic days,” exclaimed the new head of the Dominion government, as he shook Tom’s hand, “you don’t often see two Kings together.” Though Tom's sight is badly impaired, he has prac- ticed his profession actively at Wash- ington for nearly 15 years and is one of the most beloved members of the Capitol press gallery. His interpreta- tion of the Yankee scene is famed throughout Canada. * ox % % “America’s own,” Viscountess Nancy Astor, is one of the 60 or 70 woman candidates for the House of Commons in the British parliamentary elections, which take place this week. She is again contesting the Plymouth division, which she has represented continuously since 1919. This time a second mem- ber of her family, her son, William Wal- dorf Astor, also aspires to be an M. P. Like his vivacious Virginia mother, he is running as a Tory, being the Conserv- ative candidate for East Fulham, an outlying London district. For political purposes the young Astor scion insists upon being known as plain “Bill” Mother and son have been taking turns for each other during the cam- paign. Lady Astor is one of the Labor party’s particular “hates” but it has never been able to dislodge her. ‘' William A. Robem. r .‘pe‘ople's counsel of the Distriot of Oclumbis, thinks the American Liberty League, in offering to sell 25-cent pamphlets containing certain eminent legal opinions on cur- rent constitutional questions, may have subjected itself to the provisions of the District license act of July 1, 1932. Ina formal communication to President Hazen of the Board of Commissioners, Mr. Roberts has just expressed the view that the wholesale distribution of pamphlets of this kind is a “sale of mer- chandise” within the meaning of the act. He, therefore, wants to know whether the National Lawyers’ Commit- tee of the Liberty League has secured a merchandising license, and, if not, whether proper steps should not be taken to compel compliance with the law. * X X % Former Assistant Secretary of Com- merce Julius Klein, who has established himself as a professional business con- sultaht, has just formed a partnership which includes Leonard Stanley, brother of Howard Stanley of the newly organized J. P. Morgan investment house of Morgan, Stanley & Co. This tie-in with the principal citadel of American high finance, plus Dr. Klein's Kuhn-Loeb contact, represents a rather unique com- bination, in view of the ancient rivalry between the two big international bank- ing houses. Dr. Klein, who commutes between his Washington and New York offices, was recently decorated with the Czechoslovakian order of the White Lion in recognition of his service during Hoover days in helping the Prague gov- ernment to establish a commercial in- telligence service on lines of the pre- Roosevelt Bureau of Foreign and Do- mestic Commerce at Washington. * ok ok % At the latest White House press con- ference a scribe piped up to ask Mr. Roosevelt if he cared to comment on a statement attributed to Gen. Hugh Johnson, that Dr. Felix Frankfurter is now the most “influential” man in the United States. While the query was arousing the mirth of the conference, another newspaper man chirped: “Well, Mr. President, what's the answer?” Quoth F. D. R.: “T think you fellows have given the answer!” (Copyright. 1935.) The Unknown Soldier. Editor of The Star. “I am the spirit hovering over the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier; keeping watch over his body; seeing his buddies, the populace and dignitaries who come to worship at his shrine.” What do they think as they stand before him in solemn obeisance? Who was he? What was he? How did she die on the battlefleld in defense of his country? Perhaps this and much more runs through the minds of the people as they look down on the crypt bearing the body. But they did not come to worship and extol this man, but, rather, the sol- dier whose remains are symbolic of the many lives lost in the defense of his country, given to further the peace of his country and of the world. Hosts of his buddies, countrymen and others will come from time to time to keep green the memories of those who died during the late war, hoping that those who made the supreme sacrifice will not have given their lives in vain but rather to help imbue the spirit of eternal peace for their country with other countries. The spirit still hovers over the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier buried and lying in state in Arlington Cemetery. MAJ, O. H. KAIN, e in the | than his neighbor, though he build his ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic ]. Haskin, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washing- ton Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing= ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp for reply, Q. How many hours does the average working woman spend in eating, sleep~ ing and working?—C. C. A. A study made by the Y. W. C. A, of its members gave the following die vision of time in the day: Sleep, 7% hours; personal care, 1 hour 22 minutes; eating, 1 hour 47 minutes: work, 7 hours 12 minutes; transportation, 1 hour 29 minutes; leisure, 4 hours 16 minutes. Q. How many wild-life refuges does the Government maintain?—M. W. A. The Biological Survey administers 106 wild-life refuges. All species of wild mammals and birds are protected on these areas, although six are maintained primarily as big-game preserves. In addition to these there are 1,006 State reservations and also many privately owned bird and game preserves, Q. What is termed a round of ame munition?—J. A. H. A. The National Rifle Association says that a round of ammunition is a complete cartridge, consisting of bullet, cartridge case, powder and primer. Q. Is there a race of giants in any country?—J. A. H. A. There is no existing race of people sufficiently tall to be termed giants. The highest stature of a race is 71.02 inches for males of the Sara tribe of the Upper Nile region in North Africa. Q. How much salt is there in Great Salt Lake?—E. M. A. The amount has been estimated as 6,000,000,000 tons. Q. Please give the source of the quo- tation about making a better mouse trap—W. F. J. ’ A. Elbert Hubbard said: “If a man can write a better book, preach a better sermon, or make & better mouse trap house in the woods. the wotld will make a beaten path to his door.” The Roy- crofters said Mr. Hubbard had in mind the following lines from Emerson, but, having no copy of Emerson at hand at the time he quoted as above: “If a man pigs to sell, or can make better chairs or knives. crucibles, or church organs than anybody else, you will find a broad, hard-beaten road to this house, though 1t be in the woods.” Q. Will you please tell me how I can make muslin fireproof, so that I can place it over the radiators to keep the dirt from forming on the walls above them?—C. W. A. Muslin can be made fire resistant py dipping in an alum solution. Seven- teen per cent strength is the strongest solution that will not crystallize out at ordinary temperatures, and corresponds to 1.42 pounds per gallon. Q. Where is the Hayden Planetarium? A. It is located in the grounds of the American Museum of Natural History, Seventy-seventh street and Central Park West, New York. N. Y. The planetarium is open to the public each day. Q. What circus stayed in Washington for several mohths during the Civil War?—M. D. H. A. At the time of the Civil War, | Nixon & Barton brought the Cremons Circus from New York to Washington. | A building was erected on the southeast | corner of Pennsylvania avenue at Seve enth street, and the circus remained there for six months. Q. What is the law in North Dakota relative to illegitimate children?—P. C. A. In North Dakota a statute enacted in 1917 provides that all children are legitimate, whether born in or out of wedlock, and that all have the same rights as to support by parents and as to inheritance. Q. Was Rudolf Schildkraut related to Joseph Schildkraut, the actor?—M. B. A. Joseph Schildkraut is the son of this distinguished actor, who was the star of the Yiddish Art Theater in New York. Q. What is “may”"?—H. F. C. A. This is an English name for the hawthorn and its blossoms. Q. Where did the folk school orige inate?—C. F. A. In its most widely known form it originated in Denmark in the middle of the nineteenth century. The idea, as originally conceived by Bishop Nikolai Grundtvig, was to stimulate the life of young adults (18 to 25) of rural Den- mark, to foster patriotism and strengthen religious conviction and to provide voe cational training. The first school, es- tablished in Schleswig in 1849, was moved across the Danish border after Schleswig passed to Germany, in 1864. Q. What is “natto”?—G. B. R. A. Natto, commonly called cheese, is a Japanese fermented food product pre= pared from soybeans. Although its man- ufacture varies, probably with the locale ity, it is a common practice to boil the soybeans until tender and then leave them in a warm place for 24 hours, or until they have fermented. Q. In what prison in England was the father of Charles Dickens confined?— E. M. A. At Marshalsea, in Southwark, London. It was abolished in 1849. Q. When did James Monroe move to Ashlawn?—J. J. A. He moved to Ashlawn, near Char~ lottesville, in 1799, while he was Gove ernor of Virginia. Q. Where did the originate?—M. B. A. The first Children’s Court was estabe lished in Chicago in 1899. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Children’s Court First Season Casuella, lithe and gay, Steps upon the scene today. - Coronet of burnished hair, Gowned in satin lily-fair, Chaste neckline, slim back left bare, Curving waist and slender thighs Outlined in the modern guise, Gleaming ankles, slippered feet Trained to tread in rhythm fleet— Nonchalant. audacious, sweet. Casuella, in your day, Make the most of your tool sway. Youth, your priceless debut dower; Youth, your light, ephemeral power— Use it wisely in your hour. Casuella, shy, serene, Steps today upon the scene.