Evening Star Newspaper, October 27, 1935, Page 42

Terrifying Marvels for Mars (Continued From First Page.) and ground personnel, 49 new air stations and 5 new training schools; she is putting a weight of money be- hind the development of advanced- design machines and is experimenting hard with revolutionary ideas about their weaponing. New Tank Fleet Is Planned. She plans also to change her exist- ing land fleet of 1923-model Vickers tanks for a brand-new model fleet. And after turning the Bren light ma- chine gun round and round for five years, she has at last ecided to throw out all her Lewis guns (the 1913 in- vention of the American Col. Lewls), which did so well in the Great War, and re-equip Wwith this Czechoslo- vakian weapon, which is six pounds lighter, five inches shorter, more re- liable and more easily handled, and Has a fire-power equal to that of 25 men armed with magazine rifies. It is strange to recall that only a few years back Britain's Hawaii, the great base at Singapore was a politi- cal issue and it looked as if the project would be dropped. Now the British are speeding up work to finish it, $250,000,000’s worth of naval and air base, before 1040. They intend it to be the Verdun of their empire de- fense system. To get past that for- tress when it is completed a hostile power would first have to break -adough & great fleet of hell-divers and | It would then come | torpedo bombers. up against the blast of the worlds biggest guns, mounted on the islet of Pulau. Finally, it would encounter the third line obstacle, the British fleet steaming out to do battle from their sheltered base. “All very expensive, but worth it,” | thinks the Briton, echoing the French- man’s remark to the German as they stood looking at the new Hackenburg fortress which bars the way to Metz, sghowpiece of the $500.000,000 steel- and-concrete bulwark the Gaul has built from the North Sea to the Medi- terranean to contain the aspiring ‘Teuton. Combined Power Developed. New weapons mean new tactics. First, you develop the power of a weapon, and then of all weapons in combination. Everything has to be made over until the only thing that remains is the central set of funda- mental principles of warfare as dem- onstrated through the ages by the great generals, from Alexander and Hannibal to Napoieon and Foch—and even these the late T. E. Lawrence of Arabia and one or two other practical | warriors of exceptional brain power and mental range have suggested may be ripe for revision. The French believe that the Ger- mans can move .heir field artillery at 30 miles an hour, which approxi- mates the best 1935 American Army speed, and is 5 to 7 miles an hour faster than French speed. But what worries them more Is the thought that | Representative W. William A. Ayres publican prospect. aspects, is costing the nations of the earth is anybody's guess. One gets some idea by a glance at comparative figures. Britain’s expenditure under arms heads has steadily risen during the last five years from £95,000,000 to about £125,000,000; Cermany's from 681,000,000 marks to 894,000,000 marks; America’s from $703,000,000 to around $900,000,000; and Japan's. from 495,000,000 yen to 851,000,000 yen. Special Sums Hidden Away. But these figures do not tell the whole story, for an immense amount of arms expenditure is sidetracked in special accounts. France, for instance, has trifies involving sums of from 10 to 50 million francs tucked away coyly as special expenditures under a variety of heads. We have then, apart from the normal budget figures, the organisation defensive des fron- tiers, authorized to spend 2.527,600,000 francs (1.058,500.000 of those francs were spent in 1933), and the pro- gramme de travaux interessant la de- fense nationale, with an authorized 1934-38 spending program of 3,120,- | 000,000 francs. | Germany, of course, is a joke. Her | rearming is on a larger scale than that of any of the other states, be- cause she has farther to go to catch up. But her budget appropriations show no move up. Nazi accounting is equal to the| diplomatic task of concealing rude | figures which would add insult to in- | jury in the eyes of the upholders of the Versailles treaty. Some countries drop portions of their arms expenditure into culunlll] accounts, where they sink out of | sight. You will find some of Musso- lini's costs there. This largely ex- plains the curious anomaly of an Ital- ian arms expenditure of 4.959,000,000 | lire for 1929; 593,000,000 lire for | 1932, and only 4,300,000.000 lire for the current year, which one would have expected to show a peak. Na-| THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTO! tional money figures have always to be read in conjunction with the rise or fall in the index figure of whole- sale prices, though; and while the "British index figure, for example, has remained almost static, the Italian figure came down from 416 in 1929, to 290 in 1932 and 276 in 1834. Doubt- less Mussolini has been able to do more with less money—thereby dem- onstrating the fallacy of Geneva sug- gestions to limit armaments at the budget source. Finally you have to define where arms expenditure begins and ends, and that is a task that would baffle an Einstein calculating in terms of rela- tivity. Can economic armament be counted in the bill? Whole time ar- senals and stocked armories are only part of the war preparation picture. You can turn chemical plants into poison gas factories overnight. You can make big guns in plants devoted to the manufacture of high-pressure cylinders and propellor shafts. You can turn civil shipyards into naval shipyards, commercial airplanes into bombers and merchant ships into fast cruisers and naval supply boats. And s0 on. If you deliberately foster peacetime plants ‘and organizations, back them with direct and indirect subsidies, pro- tect them by tariffs which raise in- ternal price levels, in order to harness them to the war machine and keep them fit and strong, can you count that as part of the cost of keeping Mars’ wardrobe up to date? Think hard enough about the prob- lem, and you slip out of straight accountancy, and even the realm of tortuous Geneva expert arguments, into the vague world of metaphysics. But taken by and large, the Hoover figure of five billions, which so shocked the world three years ago, seems already as outmoded as the fighting planes and sound detectors of that time. It may be that the world is already spending beyond 10 billions a | year on preparations to see that Mars makes & highly presentable appear- ance when he turns out to keep his engagement with Death on the battle- flelds of the Second Punic War of our queer civilization. (Continued From First Page.) ton correspondent, will have a bitter | fight on his hands to retain the old | Merrill Moores district—the twelfth. In Iowa—The outlook is not encour= | aging for the Republicans because of the hog and corn checks, which puts a different aspect on the local cam- | paign—something the Republicans | did not have to contend against in | their hope-stirring victory in Rhode | Island. The second and ninth dis-, tricts are said to be giving the least promise. In Kansas—The Republicans split | leven in the last election, notwith- | standing the Democratic landslide, and in the next year election they are | | counting on recapturing the entire | isuhd delegation. With the veteran | Republicans Marshaling Forces now and then from Democrat to Re- publican. The best prospects are en- tertained by the Republican campaign plotters in the eighth, the old Milton C. Garber district now held by Repre- sentative Ferguson and previously by E. W. Marland. In Oregon—The Republicans hope to make it a solid delegation by win- ning back the second district, for- merly in the control of Representa- tive Nick Sinnott, where Representa- tive Walter M. Pierce, a former Gov=- ernor, is now in his second term. In Pennsylvania—It is all largely Republican territory, which in recent years has slipped from the old “boss” control. Certain indications have been brought to the attention of Repub- lican leaders here which shows that the situation is improving from a G. O. P. standpoint. However, it seems as if they will have a harder time to make inroads in Pennsylvania than in some other States. They will make a special drive to get the old Grundy district, the seventh, and they feel they have at least an even chance in several others, In Rhode Island—They will go after the other seat now held by Repre- sentative John M. O'Connell. In South Dakota-—The Republicans hope to get both seats—especially the old Willlamson district now held by Representative Theo B. Werner. Not Optimistic in Utah, In Utah—Also, they will go after both seats, but not too optimistically. In Virginla—There are whisperings that the traditionally Republican seat in the ninth district, now occupied by Representative John W. Flanna- gan, jr, will come back to the Re- publican column. C. Bascom Slemp, who held this seat for many years before becoming President’s secretary, is sald to be considering running again. In Washington State—Every dis- | trict is considered a good Repwblican prospect, with the most promising chances in the fourth, long served | by Dr. Summers, and now held by | Representative Knute Hill. However, Representative Samuel B. Hill is| strongly intrenched in the fifth dis- | trict. The second and third districts were held in good Republican years by Lindley H. Hadley and Albert Johnson. The sixth, now served by Representative Wesley Lloyd, is a new district. In West Virginia—The New Deal | For Finish Fight in ’36 Campaign second district, held by Representative Malcolm Baldridge in the Seventy- | second Congress. In Nevada—Where Representative James G. Scrugham is the member at large, the Republican campaign pro- moters hope to .ee this seat, occupied for & number of years by Representa- tive Samuel S. Arentz, restored to the Republican column. In New Hampshire—The drive will be to defeat Representative Willlam N. Rogers and get both seats Repub- lican. In New Jersey—The Republicans | hold 10 of the 14 seats and two of the seats are under the control of Mayor Frank Hague of Jersey City—safely has been extremely generous and the | voters feel they have fared well. | The Republican Committee is going |to try hard, just the same, to get | back the first district, formerly rep- resented by Representative Carl Bach- | man, and will make a contest in all the others, The fourth, fifth and third have shown some disposition to swing. | In Wisconsin—It is all uncertain | | and anything may happen. The most | likely Republican gain would be the | unseating of Representative Thomas | | R. Amlie, organizer and promoter of | & new third party, in the first dis- | trict. In Wyoming—Former Representative | Vincent Carter, who last time ran for | Democratic. The ninth, held by Rep- resentative Edward A. Kenney, is a new district, regarded as a good Re- ‘The Republicans the Germans have a jump on every- | one, they say, the entire State should | have designs also on the third district, one because they have no old military machines hanging round their necks, their gegeral staff can build anew on the accumulated expecience of other nations and develop new tactical ideas which may forge the German army into a weapon as superior to existing ones, hampered by old weapons, old tactical ideas and traditions and traditionalists, as the 1918 weapon was to the 1914 weapon. This thought is general in Europe and explains why the Italian Brenner | maneuvers interested the general staffs less than the subsequent German ma- neuvers, the first of their kind held since Hitler started to expand the German war machine. They want to discover whether the German general staff men have any new tactical ideas up their sleeves. Old Text Books May Be Changed. Said a general staff man to me be- fore he left for those maneuvers, “If the German general staff men are abandoning old theories and going to school again to learn from the ground up how to use the new things science and engineering and a freedom from old-weapon vested interest have given them, the tactical possibilities of the new German army are so big that they may change all our text books— it we get time to change our text books.” ‘What new tactics can mean is il- lustrated by a glance back at the last war. At Ypres the British used 120,000 gunners, who shot off in pre- liminary bombardment 4,280,000 shells weighing 120,000 tons and costing $57,000.000, and it took them three months to penetrate 10.000 yards at & cost of 400,000 men killed, wounded or taken prisoner. At Cambrai they used 4.000 tank men, with no pre- liminary bombardment. and 12 hours they penetrated 10,000 yards at a cost of 5000 men. The measure of dif- ference between those two events is that between the old tactic of the un- armored static firing line and the new tactic of the armored moving firing line—a change which some author- . ities think constitutes the greatest , tactical revolution in history. ‘The arms picture in America differs * little from that in Europe or Britain, except that expenditures there are bigger than anywhere else. There is the same energetic making over and reaching out toward new strategi tactical conceptions. Singapore is paralleled by Haw key to the new defense line stretching from Alaska to Panama. Sixty million dollars of spe- cial Army and Navy funds is being spent on those coast defenses. The floating dry dock at Pearl Harbor alone cost $10,000,000, the Honolulu &ir base another $18,000,000. The Navy is getting 23 new ships, including & 10,000-ton cruiser and a 14,000-ton aircraft carrier. When the latter craft is built America will have four of the biggest and most advanced pattern carriers in the world. The 1,200 new planes in the building pro- gram are all faster and more deadly than any at present in commission and are designed on the new theory that planes and ships are not sep- arate arms, but are inseparable fight- ing units. The American defense budget is close to a billion dollars—the world’s largest. It is not out of proportion when one considers that the area to be defended contains 120,000,000 people, inhabiting the richest and most highly developed national terri- tory in the world today. But it would be more if the general staff got the $400,000,000 program they want for modernization and mechanization, in- cluding air-arm expansion to the 2,320 machines recommended by the Baker board. The cost would rise again if the McSwain proposal went through for a total of 6,200 planes for the Army and Navy. And it would mount higher if America prepared for possible eventu- alities as thoroughly as several of the ©Old World nations are preparing and made doubly sure of short-cut com- munication between the Atlantic and the Pacific by cutting & 172-mile canal through Nicaragus. What all this rearming, in all its A d | Joss of seven seats in the 1930 land- be Republican. | In Kentucky—The Republicané got | back the old Robsion seat and next | year they expect to get the others | which previously have been Republic- now held by Representative William H. Sutphin. In New York—There is normally less fighting ground than any State in the Union outside of the “solid | the Senate, or some other Republican | candidate, is expected to recapture | | the at-large seat formerly held by Representative Frank W. Mondell as | | House leader. | | The campaign is still so young that | | it is difficult for the most seasoned | | campaigners to do any accurate figur- | ing, especially to calculate the “swing” | that is expected—all they can do is | | an, especially the old Langley seat in | South,” because the second to the | to plan an aggressive, an historic, cam- | the seventh. Following the 1928 elec- | tion the Democrats held only the first three districts, and following the 1932 | election they had all nine, so the Republicans see a good battleground !there. In Maine—A solid Republican dele- gation is expected, even in spite of the big grant for harnessing the tides of Passamaquoddy Bay for power pur- poses—because this is in the district | |of the present Republican member, former Gov. Ralph O. Brewster. | Campaign in Maryland. In Maryland—The particular drive | |will be made in the old Zihlman (Cumberland) district now held by ‘Re)u'esenmuve David J. Lewis, who | anteceded Fred N. Zihlman, and in | the third, formerly held by Repre- | | sentative John Philip Hill and now | | by Representative Vincent L. Pnlml-g {sano. While Representative Stephen | W. Gambrill is well entrenched in | the fifth district, this was historically | Republican and held for many years | by Representatives Sidney E. Mudd, father and son. Contests are being arranged in all of the six Maryland districts. In Massachusetts—The Republicans practically concede the two rock- ribbed Democratic districts in Boston, now held by Representatives John W. McCormack and John P, Higgins, and are pretty well discouraged of ever | defeating Representative William P. Connery, chairman of the House Com- mittee on Labor, who comes from the strong industrial center of Lynn. They are going after all the others, with special hopes of taking the third, which the late Representative Frank Foss lost by only a few votes and the | eighth, formerly held for years by Representative Charles L. Underhill. They are also trying to figure some way in which they may recapture the second (Gillett) district, now occupied by Representative William J. Cran- | fleld—which started the Democratic landslide. | In Michigagn—Where the Repub- | licans made their best performance with & net gain of four in the Demo- cratic sweep last year, following .a slide, they feel they have good pros- pects of picking up three more seais, and probably six. Their best pros- pect is the seat formerly occupied by Representative W. Frank James in the twelfth district. They feel pretty sure they can get the eleventh and sixteenth districts and are hopeful for the first, fourteenth and fifteenth. In Minnesota—Representative Paul J. Kvale, the farm-labor leader, is sure of re-election and the Repub- licans have already won back five of the nine districts. They will make & strong fight for the other three— the second, third and ninth. The second, however, is quite strongly farm-labor. Reed’s Blasts Watched. In Missouri—The Republicans are watching to see the affect of “Jim” Reed’s anti-administration blasts. The Democrats gerrymandered Missouri and allowed . the Republicans only three seats—the single one now held by & Republican, Dewey Short, in the seventh, and the two St. Louis dis- tricts formerly held by Representa- tives Leonidas C. Dyer and Cleveland H. Newton. The Republicans are now going to put up a spirited contest in each of these districts and see a good chance for a turnover in Mis- sourd. In Montana—They will make a vig- orous contest to recapture the second district, formerly held by Representa- tive Scott Leavitt. 5 In Nebraska—The Republicans are going confidently after each district, with specially bright expectations of recapturing the fifth, held for 20 years by the late resentative Moses P. Kinkeid and later by Representative “Bob” Simmons. They have hopes of retaking the first district, on which the late Representative C. Frank Reavis had a stranglehold, and the twenty-fifth districts are with a single exception generally solid Democratic— a Tammany stronghold—while the other up-State districts are normally Republican with the exception of the big cities—Albany for Representative Peter Corning and Buffalo for Rep- resentative James M. Mead, which are old-time Democratic baliwicks. But there will be a stiff contest in the seventeenth district, the so-called “silk_stocking” district, formerly held by Mrs. Ruth Pratt and Ogden Mills. At least three other districts are ex- pected to come back into the Repub- lican fold—the thirty-third, formerly held by Representative Frederick M. Davenport; the thirty-eighth, former- ly held by Representative James L. Whitley, and the f -ty-first, where | Representative Alfred A. Beiter is incumbent. The two at large districts are expected to go Republican. Fight in Four Districts. In North Carolina—The Repub- {licans will train their guns particu- larly on the eighth, ninth, tenth and eleventh districts and with special confidence of winning the tenth, now held by Representative Alfred L. Bul- winkle, In Ohio—The Republicans feel it is all good fighting ground except the two city districts in Cleveland now | held by Representatives Martin L. Sweeney and Robert Crosser. They already have six districts, including that held by Representative Chester C. Bolton, chairman of the Republican Congressional Committee, who will head a special drive to recapture his home State for the party. Prospects are said to be best in the old Frank Murphy district, the eighteenth. In Oklahoma—The first district is considered an in-and-outer, shifting Special Folding OXFORDS Complete with Lenses and Matching Chain ‘.45 Included at this low price—white, single- vision lenses, white gold-filled engraved frame and a chain to match. Have Your Eyes Examined 3 (Dr. DeShazo in Charge) S i paign all along the line. Star Spangled Council met, with | Councilor W. D. McBee presiding. | | A membership.drive was sponsored | | by Councilor McBee. Speakers were | | J. Waddle, E. Graves and J. L.| Meyers. Benning Council met Monday, with | Councilor Connick presiding. W. C.| Schroth, R. C. Roby, J. C. Roby, W. McMulton, J. H. Ingley were initiated. A bingo party will be held November 21 in All Saints’ Church Hall. Speak- ers were: L. Milburn, G. Anderson and J. R. Doggett. 1 | Councilor Kroll presided over An- | incoslin Council Monday. Eighteen candidates were initiated. | | A bingo party will be held Novem- |ber 16 in Anacostia Temple, 2407 | Minnesota avenue southeast, spon- | sored by the Past Councilors’ Associa- | tion." Following the council tomorrow night, Wampus Court will hold a large class of initiation. POCAHONTAS ‘Waneta Council, D. of P., will move | | from J. O. A. M. Hall to Pythian Tem- ple November 5. The Committee for | the Disabled and Infirm will hold & bingo party at Pythian Temple No- | vember 20. Waneta Council will hold its visi- tation October 29. Thanksgiving | service will be held December 1. Hiawatha Council held their visita- tion Wednesday. Selling! 1935—PART TWO. anni “The Avenus"=Tth., 8th and O Sts Provides These and Many Other Household Essentials At Low Prices! HOUSEFURNISHING DEPARTMENT, 3rd Floor L) Optical Dept. Street Floor Eomneen Floor& Deck ENAMEL Hundreds of Homes Have Bought This Set of Club Aluminum $14.98 Saving of $5.32 s Linchis rice —‘Beauti(ul ant_} guarantceg for a life- 115.Qr. Covered Saucepan $5.60 n‘me of u,\e,b this set contains just the 2.Qt. tm"d Saacepas’ 750 pieces a bride needs to start house- 6'3-Inch Fryer ___ 225 keeping and an old housekeeper needs le'zblrcl;)nfxuou;l ]ggg ;o make E:l}o}l{)ing lcasier. 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