Evening Star Newspaper, October 27, 1935, Page 37

. EARLY RATIFICATION SEEN FOR U. S.-COL ew Trade Treaty Is Based, Like Those 7~ 0 With Brazil and ditional Favore ABLE dispatches from Bogota report the discussion in the Colombian Congress of the recently concluded trade the United States, and predict an early ratification of the same. This would carry a step further the present administration’'s program of pan- increase the justification for the zeal and optimism with which Secretary Hull has devoted himself to it. The agreement with Colombia, like BY GASTON NERVAL. fgreement between that country and American commercial reciprocity and those previously signed with Brazil and Haiti, provides for reciprocal tariff | advantages and is based upon the principle of unconditional most-fa- vored-nation treatment. Colombia is an important South American market for a wide variety of United States ex ports, and one which has been severely hit by the world depression. From a yearly average of $46,000,000 between | 1926 and 1930, Colombian purchases of United States products had dwindled in 1932 to a total of only $10.670,000. On the other hand, the United States is by far the most important country in the foreign trade of Colombia, tak- | ing about 80 per cent of its total ex- ports and supplying about 45 per cent of its total imports. Two Schedules in Agreement. ‘The trade agreement just concluded between the two countries consists of general provisions and two schedules Schedule I lists the products for which duty concessions have been granted by Colombia, and schedule II lists the concessions granted by the United States. Among the former. the most important commodity group is that comprising machinery, motor vehicles and electrical equipment, in which reductions have been made ranging from 20 to 50 per cent; in the case of metals and their manufactures, re- ductions range from 25 to 87 per cent of existing duties; reductions from 20 to 70 per cent are also provided for agricultural commodities. Besides these reductions, and other secondary ones on textiles, wearing apparel and pharmaceutical goods, assurance against tariff increases is extended to & number of United States products exported to Colombia. As for the con- cessions made by the United States to Colombia, they consist of assurances that coffee, Colombia’s chief money crop and chief export product, emeralds, platinum, bananas and other major Colombian products shall not be subject to d period the agreement of duty reducti of other minor products. Articles T and 11 of the agreement provide for the threefold ordinary duty concessions described in the schedules and safeguard these con- cessions by assurance that no other or higher import taxes or charges of any kind will be imposed on the prod- ucts to which the concessions apply. Article III provides for reciprocal most-favored-nation treatment with Tespect to any internal tax or charge; reciprocal national treatment with respect to federal internal taxes, ex- cept the tax imposed on coconut oil in the United States and the canal- ization tax in Colombia, and prohibits the increase of federal internal taxes or charges on the products described in the schedules. Article IV reserves to both countries the right to impose ant ties and such special duf required by law to be imposed on im- 50 per cent on OMBIAN PACT Haiti, on Uncon- d-Nation Clause. portations not properly marked to in- dicate their origin. ‘With the exception of a reservation | whereby either country is free to im- pose restrictions in conjunction with governmental measures operating to regulate or control the production, market supply, or prices of like do- mestic articles, such as are provided for in the agricultural adjustment act, and certain generally accepted reser- vations, such as restrictipns imposed for sanitary reasons or reasons of public security, Article V provides that | neither country shall impose import | prohibitions or restrictions on those | products of the other country which are listed in the schedules. Thus this article further safeguards the customs concessions by insuring that they will not be impaired by means of quantita- | tive restrictions. | Provision is made for consultation between the governments of the two | countries with respect to import re- | strictions imposed in conjunction with governmental measures operating to control the production, market supply or prices of like domestic articles. If, after consultation, the governments of the two countries fail to reach an | agreement with respect to the pro-| | posed restriction, the dissatisfied gov- | ernment may denounce the agree-| ment in its entirety on 30 days’ notice. | | This provision requires the government | which would impose the restriction to weigh carefully the advantages there- of against the advantages of the en- tire agreement. Article VI provides for the prompt and adequate publication of changes in customs classifications and rates of duty and the giving of 30 days’ notice with respect thereto. Article VII provides for reciprocal uncondi- tional most-favored nation treatment with respect to customs duties, charges and formalities of every kind. import prohibition and restrictions | and import quotas. Article VIII pro- vides for consultation in connection with the application by either coun- try or any new measure relating to sanitation. In case either country ok jects to the application of any tary measure, now or hereafter in ef- | fect, a committee of experts may be established to consider the matter and | make recommendations to the gov-| ernments of the two countries. Article IX confines the terms of the agree- ment to Continental United States. Goods in Customs Affected. Article X extends the provisions of the agreement to goods which have been imported but which have not cleared the customs. Article XI covers the relation of the agreement to cer- tain existing treaties between the United States and Colombia. Article XII contains a general declaration that the purpose of the agreement is to grant mutual reciprocal conces- sions and advantages for the promo- tion of commercial relations between the two countries. Article XIII pro- vides that the agreement shall come into force 30 days after the exchange of ratifications at Bogota. In these 13 articles are described the commercial concessions and ad- vantages of a material nature which both countries will derive from the | new U ited States-Colombia trade | agreement, but, in weighing its im- | portance, the Colombian Congress- | men should not overlook the tre- mendous moral significance of a pact intended to promote pan-American interdependence and co-operation at a time when other nations are pulling strongly for isolation and self-suf- ficiency. (Copyright. 1935.) European Situation Complicated By British Election Next Month (Continued From First Page.) Malta untenable by air attack, to close the Mediterranean to British shipping by her cruisers and submarines and, finally, to invade Egypt from Libya. Simultaneously the military prepara- tions for the Ethiopian campaign began to take on proportions which had been unforeseen in London and, which, in the light of the threats now coming from Rome, excited unmistak- able apprehension among the tories. Influenced alike by imperial and electoral considerations, therefore, Baldwin sent Eden to Rome in August to warn Mussolini that he must not go on with his war, frontier changes, & moderate increase of territory, this | London was willing to consent to, but the war must not come off. It was no longer possible for Mussolini to draw back—he had gone too far, aroused too great hopes in Italy and sent too many troops to Africa to retreat now. Thus he rejected Eden’s proposals and de- clined to bow to the far more impres- sive warning of Sir Samuel Hoare in | Geneva. Thereupon the British government gent the fleet to the Mediterranean and ostentatiously put Gibraltar, Malta and Egypt on a war footing. Thenceforth the situation became critical. Under the direct menace of military and naval coercion, Il Duce could not retreat without committing suicide. His own fortunes and those . of the Fascist regime must topple in such case. The modern Caesar would be disclosed as no more than a bark- ing dog bound to come to heel when London whistled. But the British government could not draw back be- cause over its head was suspended the electoral threat implicit in the 11,- 000,000 votes of the peace plebiscite. Labor Party Trapped ‘That is the contemporary situation eand it must now endure at least until after the election. the trap into which it has fallen, while shouting that the forthcoming cam- paign is a “snap” and “stunt” affair, finds itself without a real issue. As he stole Ramsay MacDonald and most of the more-important leaders of the Labor party four years ago, Baldwin has now stripped Labor of its best issue and at the same time again thrown it into confusion by bringing about the resignation of Lansbury, Ponsonby and Cripps. In all human probability, therefore, Labor will lose the election. On the other han ", it is bound to charge that the present uncompromising attitude of the Tory government toward Italy is a mere electoral dodge and it will seek to force the Tories to go on record to an extent which will make any later willingness to compromise ap- pear a plain betrayal of principle. Baldwin may well come out of the contemporary election with his hands as completely tied as were those of Lioyd George in 1918. And if he does, then an Anglo-Ttalian war is inevi- table because Mussolini’s hands are also tied. Now it may also be that Baldwin does not want to compromise. It is Meantime the | British Labor party, fully aware of | | entirely possible that he and his asso- ciates have made up their minds that Fascist Italy and its dictator do con- | | stitute a threat to the security of the | British Empire and must be smashed. {Ir that case, assured of the over- whelming support of the whole coun- | try, he can go forward to the crushing | of Italy. Even if he wants to avert | war, however, his task is going to be | 10 fold more difficult after the next | election than before. What the American audience must | perceive. however, is that the present | use of the League of Nations by both | the Tory and Labor parties in Great Britain has nothing whatever to do with peace. If the Labor party should win the next election outright or be able with the Liberals to form a coali- tion cabinet, war would be inescap- able, because both parties are now convinced that there can be no safety for Liberalism or trade unionism any- where in the world until Fascism is crushed. And in destroying Fascism | in Italy, they believe they will have taken & long step toward smashing it | in Germany. War Made Inevitable So far the Tory government has taken a stand at Geneva which, if| persisted in, makes war inevitable. Up | to the present hour Great Britain has, too, been able to drag France after | | her because, although French reluc- | tance is patent, French concerd for | | her own security has held her back from any open dispute with the Brit- ish. Protest against British intransi-| gence is, however, becoming steadily | more impressive in the French press. | It was to satisfy this growing demand | for conciliation along with coercion that Laval suggested the recall of the British fleet. But to this suggestion | London responded by the maneuvers off the Egyptian coast. If, in the interests of imperial se- curity, the Tory government is now resolved to overthrow Mussolini and smash Fascism in the peninsula, it is in an admirable position to accom- plish these ends. Against I1 Duce and his regime the opposition in Great Britain is more violent than the party in power. In embarking upon the Ethiopian campaign Mussolini has outraged the pacifist sentiment every- where. And, in using the League of Nations as its instrument, British im- perialism has enlisted in its own sup- port the champions of the League at home and abroad and particularly in this country. %ven assuming that Baldwin still means to stop short of war, this be- comes daily more difficult because it involves the sacrifice of Geneva and the alienation of the huge number of those who participated in the peace plebiscite. To go on now, on the other hand—although continuance in- sures war—will divide the opposition at home and further enlist backing from the League champions on this side of the Atlantic. But it involves using Geneva for purposes of coercion and not of conciliation and as a means of precipifating and not preventing conflict. Americans with their eyes fixed upon the drama st Geneva naturally | counted Baldwin cannot modify UNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON. D. C., OCTOBER Greek Throne BeckonsGeorge Plebiscite May Echo Constantine’s Stacked Election. FORMER KING “ORGE AS HE APPEARED RECENTLY AT HIS LONDON RESIDENCE, AWAITING THE CALL TO RESUME HIS THRONE. OVAL: GEN. GEORGE KONDYLIS, STANCH ADVOCATE OF A VIEW OF ATHENS, SHOWING WEEK from today, unless the cards are stacked. another Eu- ropean King will have staged a comeback. Former King George II of Greece, already once- deposed son of the twice-dethroned Constantine, will replace the English | derby which has covered his royal the last 12 years with the sli tarnished diadem of his forefathers and return triumphantly to Atk The stage is set. History. during the last few months, has repeated it- miss the actions going on behind the scenes. Their fondness for simple ex- planations in which the battle is be- tween good and evil also leads them to accept the present European crisis at British valuation. All the Ameri- can correspondents in Rome, all those in touch with European realities, con- tinue to report that Mussolini cannot and will not yield. but these warnings fall on deaf ears because of the more pleasing forecasts set forth in the propaganda emerging from Geneva and London. Whether the crisis Is to end in war or peace will not be clear now until after the British election. Perhaps the Baldwin government has not vet made up its own mind. Possibly the expression of public opinion evoked by the campaign will prove the de- cisive detail. But before the voté is present uncompromising stand with- out losing the election and, after- ward, his government may be com- mitted too deeply to draw back even if he would. That is the danger and it is a very real danger. The tragic truth, moreover, is that there isn't any real basis for compro- ise. To give Mussolini the irreduc- ible minimum, which he must hav would be to sacrifice every principle to which the League is now committed by its present stand. Ethiopia, the victim of an unprovoked and un- mistakable aggression, has appealed to Geneva. If the League, in response his | Wide World PI A THE RUINS OF THE self in Greece. The cycle of repub- licanism, personified in the venerable Cretan statesman and politician, Eleutherios Venizelos, in the last two decades, has been completed. Gen George Kon erstwhile Democrat turned Monar has shelved Presi- dent Alexand Zi , driven Pre- iotis Tsaldaris from offices George to return home. ruled for a 15 the volatile Hi ANCIENT chased” the throne for been I hapt London and oth opean capitals “in honest pover for 10 years. When he donned the royal purple in 1922, after it had been smatched from Constantine’s trembling shoulders, he said of the kingship: “I loathe it. I hate it it. I would lik what can I do about it?” Now, it he has changed his mind— time, has in Paris, Kings by Fate. g Kings for the' heterogeneous from which Censtantine and George sprang appears to be an in- escapable fate. Although the dynasty, which descended from George I, scion of the once-Danish Duchy of Sch wig-Holstein, has not a drop of Greek blood in its veins, been bound inextricably with the tem- pestuous political history of Hellas since 1863, when the Greeks went shopping for a successor to the un- fortunate Otto of Wittelsbach, Prince of Bavapia. er, misruled—Greece for 30 years be- fore the Athenians rose in their wrath | | and turned him out. His successor, the present George's grandfather, was chosen to occupy the Greek throne after two Englishmen, the Duke of | | Edinburgh and Lord Derby, had re- | fused the honor. The first George ruled a half cen- tury. An assassin’s bullet toppled him from the throne in 1913. His son, Constantine, took up the scepter, to wear it more or less precariously until to that appeal, permits Mussolini 0| 1917, Angered at his pro-Germanism, profit by his course and to acquire | ypen a]l Greece, including the crafty Ethiopian territory then all moral values disappear. Old-fashioned di- plomacy could make mises because it was concerned solely with peace and not with justice. But if the League stoops to expediency, it becomes morally bankrupt. That is what makes Geneva such an admirable instrument of British na- tional policy today. The Italians have broken the law, the League is the means of punishing the offender. The British, for imperial and electoral reasons as eager to punish the present culprit as they were unready to punish Japan in the similar Manchurian aggression, are in the admirable sit- uation of exploiting the machinery of Geneva in the service of King and country. But British procedure so far has deprived the League of all sem- blance of preventive usefulness and turned it into a punitive implement pure and simple. Meantime Mussolini is “on the spot.” Plainly he now expects that the British will make war upon him, for that is what he told ex-Senator Allen. There is nothing left for him to do but wait. And, once sanctions, whether economic or military really interfere with his Ethiopian enter- prise, then there is nothing left for him to do but declare war on England and go dovn fighting. His back is to the wall. He failed to foresee the line Britain would follow and now, like the Kaiser, he may be called upon { pay for his blunder by losing his place and Fascist Italy may be smashed as was imperial Germany: (Copyright, 1835.) a l Venizelos, was pro-allies, the Atheni- | | ans, such compro- | with the assistance of French marines, mounted on the historic Acropolis, sent Constantine into exile. In 1920— almost 15 years ago to a day—the Greeks recalled “Tino.” In the pop- ular plebiscite more votes were cast for him than there were legal voters in the nation—more votes by a full 50 per cent. Took His Son's Place. Constantine returned to take the place of his second eldest son, Alex- ander, whom Venizelos and the allies had placed on the throne. Alexander had superseded Crown Prince George because the latter, like his royal father, whose wife was the Kaiser's sister, was allegedly too sympathetic toward the Central powers. A mon- key's bite—providentially, or with the connivance of mortal factors—removed the unhappy Alexander from the scene. “Poor boy,” said King Constantine to the writer, in reminiscing about his dead son, “he did not know what he was doing. They nade him take the throne which rightfully belonged to me.” Constantine was dry-eyed when | he discussed Alexander’s tragic fate, which rcorened the road to Greece for him. He might have said more frankly what he felt; i. e, “It served him - right.” Tino's entourage ex- pressed that sentiment openly. Although the republic has been scuttled by “Regent” Kondylis’ recent bloodless revolution, the cabinet dis- solved and Parliament outlawed, its destinies have ! Otto had ruled—or, rath- | whose machine guns were | MONARCHY. WHO ENGINEERED THE RESTORATION OF GEORGE. RIGHT: GEORGE AS THE CR( HE SUCCEEDED HIS FATHER, KING CONSTANTINE. WHO CATED. CITY IN THE BACKGROUND. Greece will not legally become a mon- | rchy again until after next Sunday On that day a plebiscite—the Greeks have a word for it—will invite George v to reascend the throne. Al- Iy of the later. Ge: his views about Wants Only 60 Per Cent Recall. “I will return to Greece if 60 per cent of the people vote for recall the plebiscite.” he announced re- cently. George has been modest—his father got half as many votes as unanimity would have provided. That’s why the Greeks call it a “ple- biscite.” But while the odds are in favor of George blazing the path back for broken Kings—Otto of Austria or Hungary (it doesn’t much matter which crown he gets so long as he acquires one) and former King Al- fonso of Spain are also on their way back—the chances are even that he will not remain long. His father lasted a little more than a year in the affections of the fickle Athenians and then passed into oblivion. For the moment Greece, apparently, is all for the monarchy. The popu- lace was that way—unanimously Con- stantinist—15 years ago. Recalled in November, 1920, Constantine returned in December to be greeted hysterically by a frenzied populace. For a fort- ght Athens and the provinces, too, were mad with joy. The capital, for a longer period, was en fete; from the ancient Acropolis to the sacred sum- mit of Leabetis torchbearers paraded, mingling religious fervor with politi- cal emotionalism. George Must Watch Step. That the Greeks will repeat their! | 1920 pre-Constantinist vote in the | | plebiscite is almost a certainty. But it is equally safe to predict that George | will not last long if he is overhasty | in heeding the call. The anti-royalist | element is so strong in Greece that it should be able to unhorse King | George almost at will. The army, re- built by Venizelos, is fundamentally | republican. So are the million and a | | half Anatolian Greek refugees whom | | the Venizelists established in Mace- | donia, Thrace and provincial Greece. | Another element which will cause | the monarchists no end of trouble, if | they seek to take over control too quickly and completely, is the Com- munist group. In Greece, as in Spain, where the syndicalists and anarchists are powerful, the Communists in Athens, Kavalla, Salonika and the seaport cities have honeycombed the labor movement with their political cells. In the last elections they polled more than 12 per cent of the vote. They also work closely with the Mace- donian-Thracian Greeks, who are out- and-out radicals. The recent growth of royalist senti- ment in Greece is more apparent than real. It is due more to the lack of leadership among the republicans than to the strength of the monarchists. Eleutherius Venizelos, past 70, has loct his grip. Gen. Pangalos, veteran republican stormy petrel of the army, is in exile. Sir Basil Zaharoff, whose millions have financed so many Bal- kan wars and Greek revolutions, is a doddering and broken old man, basking in the sunshine of the French Riviera. The dreams he sought to translate into reality with his fabulous wealth have vanished; the Spanish woman who provided the one great romance of his adventurous life is dead. The Casino at Monte Carlo which amused him after the guns had ' D3 in Opposing BY MARK SULLIVAN, | UCH, very much, of what the Republicans will do next year, including their choice of a presidential candidate, is in- volved with A. A. A—may be deter- mined by consideration of A. A. A.| And what the Republicans do, or fail | to do, about A. A. A. will affect much | of America’s future. ! Let us put it this way: If A. A. A.| in its present form is continued, if the Republicans next year indorse it, or if the Republicans indorse it and | are beaten—in any of those outcomes | America within a few years will have | a form of society and government so | different from the present as to be almost unrecognized. With this state- ment I think Secretary Wallace would agree; having read Mr. Wallace's “America Must Choose” and his other writings and speeches, I am confident he knows where America will arrive if it continues on its present path. Mr. Wallace knows what A. A. A. is and where it leads. I doubt whether more than a scattered few others know Least of all do the farmers realize; all they know is the checks they get and what they are told by the zeal-fired propagandists. The prevalent impression. fantastic | and fatal to clear thinking. is that A. A. A is merely a form of farm re- lief. If A. A. A. were merely a form | of farm relief, if it stopped with that, few would oppose it, and most who did RECENT COUP AIMED AT —A. P. Photo. JWN PRINCE. SHORTLY BEFORE ABDI. —Wide World Photo. THE —Wide World Photo. stopped eating up his munitions at the end of the World War. is no longer profitable. A “million-dollar run of luck” recently all but broke the bank —a bank that heretofore was regarded as impregnable. Last, but not least, the contribu- mericans and 0-Greek 5 ed the Veni- zolists liberally in the past, have dried up with the deepening depression. Marina Favored in Britain. A cousin of George, the Duchess of Kent, formerly Princess Marina of Greece, is in favor with the British court. It is rumored that if George fails to “make the grade,” i. e., if the Greeks are dissatisfied with him the Duke of Kent may get the job. Since Marina is the mother of the only male child in direct line for the British throne it is doubtful if the Duke of Kent could be lured from England. But he is not like his elder brother, the Prince of Wales, who is reported to look with disdain on the imminent necessity of ascending the British throne. Princes of royal blood usually change their minds. Carol of Ru- mania, George's brother-in-law, tossed away the crown with a smile and then intrigued until he got it back. George himself spurned the purple when it was placed on his unwiiling shoulders in 1922, and now he is ready to risk his life to wear it. He is like his father in this respect. Republicans Sitting Back. While the Republicans aren’t say- ing much in public as the plebiscite nears, it is doubtful if they will be influenced by the overtures of the royalists and accept permanently the re-establishment of the monarchy. Sporadic riots have occurred all over Greece during the last few weeks and the provinces are said to be still in ignorance, officially, of the disbanding of Parliament and the shelving of President Zaimis and Premier Tsal- aris. The opposition newspapers, about half the 20 dailies published in Athens, have been suspended or cen= | sored. The republican leaders, Peri- cles Rhallys, former minister of in- terior, and George Papandrieu, are watched closely, and the prisons are | full of suspected revolutionists. Two hundred army officers are in exile, Gen. Kondylis' offer to pardon any | who swear fealty to the monarchy has had no effect. The threat of war in the Mediterranean alone is the great- est deterrent to the republicans, who do not wish to provide an opportunity for the Fascists to annex a few more Greek islands while the nation is torn by civil war. Furthermore, the anti- royalists know that they can repeat what they have done before—get rid of the King at some future and more opportune date. (Copyrizht, 1035.) |Convicts Win Debate, Upholding Courts SAN QUENTIN, Calif. (#).—Well, anyway, the opposition had more ex- perience. Bobby Grayson, Stanford’s all- America fullback, and Keith Top- ping, who shines at end, took the af- firmative side in debating with three San Quentin convicts the proposition, “Resolved, That Congress should be empowered to overrule a decision of the Supreme Court by a two-thirds vote.” The convicts argued mightily in favor of the power of the courts and won. oppose it would only do so to propose an alternative form. New Conception of Society. But, actually, A. A. A. is the charter and mechanism of a wholly new con- ception of society, taking in every class and individual and leading inevitably, | if not arrested, to a new form of gov- ernment. To expand on this fully is not the purpose of the present article. But some time. and soon. by some one or by many persons, America must be made aware what A. A. A, is. Unhappily. the Republican leaders | (and Democratic ones) think of A. A, | A. as merely a form of farm relief. as only a device which sends checks to farmers, and therefore, as a thing | upon which votes depend. If the po- litical leaders continue to think that way, and if the country does not be- come aware of what A. A. A. is, Ameri- ca may drift into the new order of societv without being aware of what is happening About A. A. A. and Reput policy and the Republican nomir for President, two facts are appare First, several important Western Re- publican leaders want the partv to i dorse A. A. A. and nominate a candi- date who indorses A. A. A. and who comes from the territory where A. A. A. is popular. “Pussyfoot” on A. A. A. Second. many Eastern Republican leaders are disposed to “pussyfoot” about A. A. A. This attitude of | silence, for the present, is perhaps | justifie by the fact that A. A. A as an institution and as a political issue may look different after the | Supreme Court hands down decisions | in the cases before it affecting A. A. A But it is possible the Supreme Court | decisions may decide nothing—at least nothing until after next year's election, when it may be too late The A. A. A. cases now before the court arose while A. A. A. was still in its original form. A. A. A is now a changed form. Last May, when the Supreme Court declared N. R. A. invalid. the heads of A. A. A, fearing the court might do the same thing about them, drafted modifications of A. A. A. These | modifications were enacted by Con- gress August 24, last. Consequently, the cases having a really dete ing effect on A. A. A. may be only such as have arisen since August 24. It is possible these later cases may not emerge before the Supreme Court until after next year's election. That Eastern Republican leaders are practicing cautious restraint about A. A. A. there can be no doubt. When the Executive Committee of the Re- publican National Committee was in session recently at Washington, a careful observer, Mr. Theodore C. Wallen, of the New York Herald Tribune recorded that “Chairman Henry P. Fletcher admitted the party has a problem in dealing with A. A. A, which, it has been generally reported, is riding in good favor in the farm belt, where the Republicans must make gains in order to win next year.” To the same effect another accurate re- porter, Mr, J. Fred Essary. of the Bal- timore Sun, reported that “members | of the Republican National Commit- I(ee resolved to make war upon vir- ‘lunlly every New Deal policy with a single lone exception. The lone ex- ‘ ception is the Agricultural Adjustment Administration. The A. A. A. may.not be applauded, but it will not be at- | tacked. There are too many Western | States to be won or lost on that issue.” the Democratic Baltimore Sun ob- served that “Republican leaders, who have all the courage of a sick she- rabbit, assail every other phase of the New Deal save A. A. A. Upon that they are evasive, equivocal and elu- | G.| Gould Lincoln of The Washington | sive” To the same effect Mr. Star reported: “Republican leaders say the A, A. A, with its processing taxes, scarcity of some foodstuffs and | higher living costs, is unpopular enough in the East already. but they are afraid the farmers in the Middle West and other agricultural sections are too fond of receiving benefit checks from the Government for not pro- ducing this or that crop.” Contrast With Western Leaders. I have cited all this as evidence that Eastern Republican leaders are “soft-pedaling” about A. A. A. Turn now to the Western leaders. The contrast is one of both position and mental attitude. Many of the Western leaders are for A. A. A, and are vigorously for it. Republican Sen- ator Arthur Capper of Kansas says directly: “Kansas is for A. A. A.” and declares the Republican party must “lay off” it. Even more forthright is Republican Senator Charles L. Mc- Nary of Oregon. Senator McNary is an important person. He is the for- mal Republican floor leader of the Senate. Next year he is up for re- election. He proposes to run as a Re- saying this I feel justified by a dis- patch sent from Portland by the ac- curate Mr. Jay G. Hayden of the Detroit News: “In his private discussions with his friends here, Mr. McNary has made no secret of his support of many of the measures of President Roosevelt. He is, for example, a vigorous advocate of the A. A. A. system of farm sub- sidies, including the processing tax. He declares that the Republican party More pungently, Mr. Frank Kent of | publican who favors A. A. A. For| A. A. A. ATTACK NECESSARY FOR BATTLE ON NEW DEAL Repnblican Leaders Finding Difficulty Activity So Widely Favored. should accept this system in toto and stand on the position that it really was a Republican creation. * * * Ine stead of attacking the Roosevelt farm program, McNary says the Republic- ans should base their campaign on the New Deal's profligate spending, the unbalanced Federal budget, the protective tariff and restoration of sound currency.” Awkward Fact for G. 0. P. Senator McNary's attitude means that he thinks he, as an individual running for re-election to the Senate, can get more votes in Oregon by sup- porting A. A. A. That, and Senator Capper's utterance about Kansas, means that in the judzment of thece Senators a majority of the people in their States, and presumably a majore ity throughout the West, favors A, A. A. If that is a fact, it is a fact. It is an awkward fact for the Repub- lican party. But should the Rep licans, as a national party. Senators McNary and Capper recom- mend? The attitude of the Western Repub- lican leaders, demanding apy A. A. A, is affirmative; they know what they want and they say it. The attitude of the Eastern leaders is merely negative. And 'he outcome of a conflict between an affirmative and a negative attitude is certain. The two, meeting in the Republican Na- tional Convention. would not even fight; the affirmative attitude would win without fighting. If things go on as they are the Republican leaders will be successful in the Republican platform and in the choice of the presidential nominee. If the Republicans in their tion next year indorse A. A choose a candidate identified A. A—what happens? Do help themselves toward winr election? First, what will be the at the Western voters v appeal to in this way? the Western voters go who want A.A.A.? Will they go with the Demo. crats who invented it and whose lo; to it is beyond question? Or will they go with the Republican party, a good half of which will indorse it unwille ingly, if at all? Eastern Voters Could Strike. Second, what would be the effect o can indorsement of A. A. A. on tern vot It would outrage them. True, the Eastern voters could not revenge themselves by voting the Democr will be convena= ? complete! lican morale. It w nity out of the paign. A Republican cam does not attack A. A. A. is not an ant New Deal campaign, for A. A. A. is the heart of the New Deal. A. A A framework upon which the “n of society.” as Mr. Roosevelt describes it, is to be constructed. The isue in the campaign next vear is whether America shall keep its tra= ditional form of society. or shall adont what Mr. Roosevelt calls “new order.” The “new order.” if adopted, will be a variation of the experiments now under way in E con*aining the common characteristics of them. If in mext vear's campeizn nn party opposes the ‘“new order” naturally the new order will come into being. All that I have said depends upon one premise, namel not just a form of f: s the charter mechanism of t new order of societ demonstration of space here. I quo ment by one of the understands what A. A. A. is. He is a Democratic Senator; he is speaking of just one detail of A. A. A. the amendment which makes cotton control compulsory: “If this (cotton control) bill should pass and if the Supreme Cou uphold it. I shall know that of all things has come in Amere ien. /* * I believe we have come to the crucial hour of decision 1 the Congress and in the country is going to be a free renublic or it going to be a socialistic, regime ccmmunism, and legi-la goes through the latter will be dicated. ® ** * That amendment did go thro Later an even longer step was t | in the potato-control measure. | I should like to quote also, and in a future article will, what Democratic | Senator Harry F. Byrd says about A. A. A. He, too, is one of the few who know what A. A. A. means. Those who think A. A. A. is merely | control of farm crops are tragically | mistaken. It is a mechanism for the control of every process and activity of society. Demands of Farmers Features Election COPENHAGEN (#).—Denmark will proceed to a general election on Oce tober 22, to name a new lower house in Parliament, with the problems and demands of the Danish farmer one of | the chief questions of the day. | The action of Prime Minister M. Staurfing in dissolving the lower house and forcing a new election, has been | accepted as a direct challenge to farme er extremists who want further dee valuation of the Danish krone. The new farmer movement has ine | dicated its stubborn resistance to present government policy through the recent “peasant march” to Copen= hagen and through announced plans for a “valuta strike” to force devalu= ation. In dissolving the lower house the | prime minister is regarded by observe |ers as playing for time and public opinion. It is considered unlikely that the new elections will greatly change ‘eximng governmental alignments. It is in the farmer, who has sufe | fered severe financial loss during re- | cent years, especially in exports of | dairy products to Great Britain, that | Denmark has an increasing political | confusion. The farmer extremists now insist |on a devaluation of the krone to 30 | to the pound,, as compared with 22.40 krone to the pound at present, in ore | der to receive more in krone for their exports to Great Britain. | Government parties, seeking new trade treaties, and trying to foster do- mestic industry as compensation for blocked export markets in acriculture, |are vigorously opposed to further de= | valuation which would hamper im- | ports of raw materials.