Evening Star Newspaper, April 23, 1935, Page 4

AGE CLUE FOUND IN'LENS OF EYE Academy of Sciences Hears Way to Determine Life Expectancy. ___(Continued From First Page)) made these eye measurements on thousands of persons, both in Ger- many and the United States and have obtained some remarkable correlations to uphold their thesis that the degree of eye-hardening is an indicator of the probable normal life expectancy. 11-Year Range. Five thousand cases studied in Ger- many were followed from the time of the eye tests until death. They were divided into three classes—sub-normal, normal and supernormal presbyopes. All causes of death except heart and brain strokes were thrown out since they were found to have, at the best, s very slight relationship to the eye condition. For the others, however, an average difference of 11 years was found between the subnormals and the supernormals. In the United States the measure- ments were made with greatly im- proved measurements and correlations made according to families. There was found to be a close family rela- tionship, showing that the speed of this character of aging runs in the blood. The heredity of the aging pro- cess, they found, is due to factors which act in the same way in both sexes. The fact that women live a year longer, on the average, than men, therefore, is not due to any hereditary causes, but to the differ- ence in their conditions of life. Growth Tempo Hereditary. Dr. Franz Boaz of Columbia pre- sented data to show that the “tempo” of growth between the sixth year and maturity also is in part hereditary. Children who are developing rapidly in the sixth year will continue to do s0 and reach adult life more quickly than those who are retarded at that time. A study of the growth curves of brothers and sisters of rapidly- developing children show that these also will develop rapidly and that the brothers and sisters of the retarded will develop slowly. On the other hand, Dr. Boaz pointed out, environment also has a compli- cated effect on growth, as shown by comparison between immigrants and their descendants. It is well known, e said, that stature in Europe has een constantly increasing. The stat- ure of immigrants, on the other hand, between 1860 and 1920 has remained constant, while that of their Amer- ican-born children has shown a pro- gressive increase. There are at least two—and prob- ably more—kinds of memory, each with distinct neurological mechanisms, Dr. C. F. Jacobsen of Yale University told the academy, on the basis of ex- periments. in which various parts of the brain cortexes of apes were re- moved. Many psychologists have tried to account for the phenomenon of memory as a process of building up association pathways in the nervous system, and this has been the basis {or most of the “memory systems” pro- posed from time to time. According to this view, which Dr. Jacobsen found little to support, learning and memory is a unitary process. Tests Out Monkeys. Distinctions have *been made be- tween various forms of memory—motor habits, associative memory, conditioned reflexes, logical memory, recognition and recall. Dr. Jacobsen first taught his monkeys and chimpanzees various simple tasks and, when the learning was well established, cut away parts of their brains. After the lesions had healed their ability to repeat the same tasks was tested. After certain areas in the frontal lobe of the brain had been removed on both sides, he found, the animals lost the capacity to do those tasks which involved reproducing of a #it- uation. Not only were they unable to do the ‘asks in which they had be- come proficient before the operation but they could not be taught to do them again. Evidently these two “frontal association areas” of the brain constitute the organs of re- productive memory—such as would be needed by a human being, for example, in memorizing a poem or a piece of music. On the other hand, these animals showed no faflure in their ability to discriminate and make selections on the basis of previous learning. They were as proficient as ever, for example, in finding their ways through mazes. They could learn new discriminations just as easily as before. Neither did exten- sive lesions in other parts of the brain impair this function. Evidently, Dr. Jacobsen concluded, there is a general memory capacity of which the whole cortex of the brain acts as an organ and special, more highly developed memory func- tions which have a specific center in the front of the brain. Beefsteaks Grofr. The lowest of all “animals” are the one-celled protozoa, only a few of which are visible to the naked eye. Dr. C. A. Kofoid of the University of California described to the academy today the most highly evolved forms of these simple animals yet known— recently discovered in the intestinal tract of a mad elephant. Apparently they are common to all elephants. ‘These creatures evidently have found an ideal pasture where they are pro- tected, have plenty of food, and where a single line may normally expect a life of about 100 years without dis- turbance. Because of the presense of these tiny creatures, Dr. Kofold said, the elephant literally “grows his own beefsteak in his own stomach.” The THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, _D. Witnesses at Bus‘Trag.edy Hearing Upper, left to tight: Perry Line, driver of the Willlamsport, Md., school bus struck by train at Rockville grade crossing killing 14 students; Miss Louise Funk, teacher in charge of the children on the fatal teip; Robert Peters. jr., attorney, and Miss Funk’s father. Lower left: Three boys who survived the crash. Left to right: Duward Hose, Lower right: _J. A. Shewbridge, engineer of train that hit the bus, Dwight Fearnow and Albert Leaf. —=Star Staff Photos, LUMP SUM DUE FORDEBATE TODAY Conferees Expected to Dis- cuss Federal Share at Second Session. Conferees on the 1936 District ap- propriation blll are going to their second session this. afternoon, with indications that the amount of the Federal share is the foremost issue between them again this year. It is understood that at the first meeting yesterday, which lasted more than two hours, the House managers were insisting upon adherence to the ump sum Federal payment of $5,- 700,000, which the Senate increased to $8,317,500. The Senate made this increase in the Federal share after deciding that the total of the bill should be raised to make adequate provision for the needs of the city. After hearing the testimony of civic organisations, the Senate made amendments which brought the bill up from $39,308,404 to $42,785,619. More school build- ings, additional police and health fa- eilities made up most of the increase. 1t is believed that, after a brief dis- cussion of what the Federal payment should be, the conferees yesterday laid that issue aside temporarily to see what agreements they could reach on specific items added by the Senate. Some tentative adjustments are under- stood to have been put forward, but nothing final. : Throughout the 10-year petiod .of lump-sum practice the Senate has advocated a more equitabje Federal payment, but, with few ®exceptions, has had to bow to the will of the House in conference. The outcome this year is still undetermined. The Benate is represented in con- ference by Senators Thomas of Okla- homa, Glass of Virginia, Copeland of New York, King of Utah, all Demo- crats, and Nye of North Dakota and Keyes of New Hampshire, Republic- ans. The House conferees are Repre- sentatives Cannon of Missouri and Blanton of Texas, Democrats, and Ditter of Pennsylvania, Republican. —_— e measurements lend some support to the old bellef that a big head and unusual mental capacity are asso- clated. Out of & membership of 150—100 American and 50 foreign born—Dr. Hrdlicka found that the majority were above the physical average of the general population. They were taller than the native American pop- ulation at large. The head, both actually and in relation to stature, ‘was larger on the average than that of the average American. He found elephant is essentially & vegetarian. |the But as soon as the animal's food is swallowed, it is attacked by these its body while the digestive process| deep. is going on and apparently without being incen ced. The East discovered “a menl:ll.‘.;::',!l"i)n.lum mind-body process,” 8 paper by Dr. Walter R. Miles of Yale University. Dr. Miles conducted ex- ‘tensive ts with s Hindoo follower of the oY‘on method, which consists largely of bringing about s state of deep contemplation through breathing exercises. Ordinarily, he said, mental and bodily processes seem to go together— the best state of the mind being accompanied by moderate physical activity. Yet the Yogl seems to find _ this almost on the border of uncon- cording to Dr. Miles’ measurements, 1t apparently requires as much out- of energy as thinking directed to Dr. Hrdlicks found a notable pre- dominance of dark hair and eyes. Réd hair was almost entirely lacking and blondes were few. He announced his con bers well I 14 TRAIN VICTIMS HAD NO WARNING, TEACHER ASSERTS (Continued From First Page.) to & speed of 10 to 12 miles an hour at_the crossing. Former Attorney General Willlam Preston Lane, counsel for trainmen, questioned Miss Funk at length re- garding the manner in which Line ap- proached several railroad crossings passed by the bus on the trip to Col- \ lege Park. She declared under Lane's cross- examination thet Line did not come to a full stop at any of the crossings, and 4ia not open the bus door, but did slow down considerably. Lane later told newspaper men dur- ing a brief recess of the court that the Williamsport School Board requires the drivers of its school busses to come to a complete halt at all rail- road croseings and open their door to listen for the approach of trains. On a question by Pugh Miss Funk stated she selected Line to drive the bus because of his excellent record. She also denied knowing that Line was fined $100 in 19823 for failure to reduce his speed at an intersection, that he was again convicted and fined $5 in 1924, and that he figured in an accident in March of this year. Malcolm Collier, high school senior, who eseaped injury in the wreck, followed the teacher to the witness stand. Questioned by Pugh, the student said he heard neither a whistle nor a bell from the locomotive and also told the court that, as far as he could recall, there was no window on the bus open at the time of the crash. Croes-examined, the youngster as- seried so far as he could recall Line did not make a complete stop at the crossing, but simply slowed down to between 10 and 15 miles an hour. He denied seeing & red lantern at the crossing. Pugh asked Colller if any one in behind the driver, bore out the stories :ltl in the bu‘:ah:‘rd 'lrnler mn: ose in the no signal from the train. Asked by Lane if the windows were “steamed up,” William answered: “Yes, sir; a little bit.” & i el fgag? LR ke by Night Final Delivery The last edition of The Star, known as the Night Final, I:nd carrying e, £t e at T0c per month. This is a special M“Glmo.tnfla&u red throughout the per lnonth%:?ht&u i down the front with The Sundey Star, service that many people desire for the very latest and complete news of the day. e 0 e start immediately. o 2 that you want the “Night you want the “Night deltvery whistle, but it may have been a ring- ing in my head.”. “But you were under the impres- :l::kned you heard a whistle?” Lame Hose stood on his first answer. A recess was taken at this point for luncheon. Court Room Is Full. All of the seats in the couri roam were taken as the hearing opened and a number of spectators were standing in the rear. Included in the audience ‘were survivors of the wreck, who are expected to be called as witnesses; rél- atives of the crash victims and other ‘Willlamsport residents. Representatives of the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Balti- more & Ohio Railroad, who conducted an earlier probe in Baltimore 10 days 8go; the Maryland Public Servite Commission, State police force, whi¢h carried out an investigation of the mishap, also were present. A veritable battery of legal talent is taking part in the hearing a8 counsel for the railroad and individuals cop- cerned in the hearing. Among the attorneys were Lane and ‘William E. Prettyman, counsel for the two trainmen; Robert B. Peter, i, former State's attorney for Montgom- ery County, representative for Line, and Charles W. Wolf, attorney for the owner of tke bus. State Police Represented. The state police force was repre- sented by Capt. Edward McK. Joha- son, Sergt. J. J. Cassedy, Investigator William Conroy and Pvt. J. J. Miller, all of whom ipated in the im- vestigation conducted by the State force. Miller, who swore to the warrants moned for the hearing. included 11 Willlamspoet school students who were unhurt in the accident, William Collier, Durward Hose, Albert Leaf, Wilma Newey, Wil- golf beck; Father Charles R. O'Hara of Father Cecil McNeill ¢ C., TUESDAY, SPAN PLANS GIVEN HOUSE COMMITTEE Public Utilities Subgroup Considers Two Bridges and Underpass. Plans for construction of two new bridges and en underpase at the tracks of the Baltimore & Ohio and Penngylvania Rallroads in the area between Florida avenue and Bladens- burg read northeast were described today to the Public Utilities Subcom- :m«mnmnmm- The committee had under con- ures, supported by the Commissions and the National Capital Park provides for teenth street ginia and New York avenues. New York Avenue Bridge. The other bill, sponsored by the Pennsylvanis Rallroad, authorizes a bridge over New York avenue in the vicinity of West Virginia avenue, to earry tracks to proposed railroad sid- ings in & 35-acre section, where a number of new warechouses are to be erected. ‘Thomas 8. Settle of the National Capital Park and Planning Commis- sion, Engineer Commissioner Danfel I. Sultan explained the bill authorizing the bridge and the under- pass, pointing out that these projects would replace three proposed bridges which the ralitoads were required to build in the Washington Terminal act of 1903. Sultan sald that two cross- ings instead of three would meet present needs and at the same time save the District some maintenance cost. The rallroads under the bill ‘would bear the cost of construction of the bridge and the underpase. Sultan Offers Amendment. Commissioner Sultan, however, sug- gested an amendment to require the railroads to pay the cost of roadway and sidewalk construction, estimated at $22,000. H. E. Stephenson of the legal department of the Pennsylvania Railroad objected to the proposed amendment on the ground that it was not in accord with & verbal agreement the railroads had with the Commis- sioners. Estimates given the committee showed that the bridge and underpass would cost approximately $361,000. The Pennsylvania Railroad did not furnish an estimate of the cost of the second bridge to carry its tracks into the ‘warehouse siding area. Stephenson explained that this bridge would be of no expense to the District, although the plans would have to be approved by the Commissioners. MRS. C. N. JEWETT ELECTED PRESIDENT Heads Woman Descendants of Ancient and Honorable Ar- tillery Company. Election of Mrs. Catherine 8. Kull- APRIL 23, 1935. NOEPEDENT AR EXHBITONOPES Conservative and Extreme Pictures on Display at Nine Stores. BY LEILA MECHLIN, N NINE downtown department stores, the Greater Washington Independen l opened afternoon, awards were officially presented to the win- ning artists. The exhibition, in the aggregate, comprises over 1,500 works—oll paint- ture—exclusively by Washington art- ists. Never before has so large a showing of local work been made. The ‘works shown were selected from a still greater number sent in by & commit- tee of nine artists and laymen, headed by Duncan Phillips of the Phillips Memorial Gallery, and were then di- vided into nine groups, as impartially 88 possible, for the nine separate dis- plays. Apparently the committee ‘was very liberal in the matter of se- lection and very fair in making dis- tribution, for the gamut runs from the most conservative to the most extreme and each collection has both high spots and low points aplenty. Whether quantity is preferable to quality some may question, but emphasis on quan- tity is a characteristic of all inde- pendent exhibitions. The artists’ re- sponse to the invitations issued to contribute to this exhibition far ex- ceeded the expectation of the organ- izers, and, to some extent, the space made available for display, so that some of the exhibits were held in re- serve and will be rotated. That pro- duction in this field is so great lo- cally will, without doubt, come as a surprise to many. The need of. ereat- ing & market for such work, if it is to “continue, is obvious. Different Exhibit Styles. Of the nine stores co-operating, W. B. Moses & Sons provides the largest and most imposing gallery, whereas Woodward & Lothrop has set up, especially for the purpose, the most satisfactory and effective series of little galleries. The exhibit at Julius Garfinckel & Co.'s is the smallest and the most select—a greater pro- portion than elsewhere being held in reserve for rotation, and by & rather happy, though forced, use of wall cases suggests to the visitor a certam precious quality in the works shown which should always be associated with fine art. The use of numerous easles for the display of water colors, which with their white mats, make white spots, militates somewhat against the otherwise complete effec- tiveness here. At S. Kann Sons Co. the exhibits are on screens. At Lansburgh & Bro’s and the Hecht Co.’s stores the exhibits are shown in alcoves, well arranged, a little overcrowded. But apparently great care has been taken to stress the interest of the display—prize pic- tures and sculpture are given promi- nent positions and every exhibit is well labeled. At Frank R. Jelleff’s, Inc., the exhibition is set forth in the firm’s “Little Theater,” which is on the top floor of the building, sky- lighted and entirely apart from the salesrooms. The Palais Royal, on the other hand, shows its section of the exhibit in its furniture department, on the outer wall of a series of sampie rooms, where they do not appear to disadvantage. This thought again lends a certain amount of apprqpri- ateness to the display at W. &. J. Sloane’s, the ninth of the exhibiting serfes, where these paintings, prints and sculpture, are shown in associa- tion with luxurious and well designed furniture, typical of refinement of taste and high standards of liviag. The variety in the several ways in which these exhibitions are shown in itself lends interest and sets stand- | aras. Good Is Stil Good. As to the exhibits themselves. They are no beiter and no worse than might have been expected. The good are still good, the bad are still bad. No hertofore unknown genius emerges. That is one of the interesting things about these independent exhibitions which are purposed, primarily, to give the submerged opportunity to come to the fore, and prove their right to recognition—but for some reason do not appear—from which fact a little Bdwin | more faith in the right judgment of juries might be deduced. There is no one right way of painting, no single measure of merit, but true art declares itself without the aid of ex- positor. In these independent exhibitions, most varied in character and kind, .| and to a great extent unrestricted, the water colors by Eliot O'Hara, Lesley Jackson, Clara Saunders, Eliza- it Art Exhibition was | cels i : ] 2 it : §§§ 45 §s HHAT mond, Alan Page Flavelle and Sarah Jane Blakeslee. The sculpture prizes, to Carl Mose and to Eleanor Corby, forward work, conforming with tradi- tion. Unique features of the exhibi- tion at Moses & Sons’ are pictutes in embroidery by Hope Willis Rathbun, and s case of miniatures by several artists, It has been sald that there is no yord-stick with which o measure works of art, but just outside the ex- hibition of originals by contemporary local artists at Woodward & Lothrop’s one stumbles upon some very fine reproductions in color of paintings. Art Talks Arranged. In order to make these exhibitions - | more significant to the public, a series why one of the prize pictures re- ved an award, an émploye in one any knowledge sal that he understood it to be because the l.r&ht had so well “matched her concerning personal liking, he ad- mitted that he would not care to take this particular picture home. Listen- ing to the comment of chance shop- ping visitors, it was beauty of color, form, subject, that invariably made appeal. Purchase Prizes Awerded, Each of the nine stores co-operat- ing in this Greater Washington inde- pendent exhibit donated a $100 pur- chase prize, besides which 11 patron prizes were awarded. The awards in the first instance were apportioned to the donors and are in each exhibit proudly feature. ‘The additional awards which do not convey owner- ship have been distributed among the nine displays. As always, these prize awards are focal points and occasion for wonderment. They were awarded by & one-man jury in the person of Ernest Lawson, landscape painter of New York. The W. & J. Sloane pur- chase prige went to Rowland Lyon for a painting of freight cars which shows an interesting distribution of light and shade and an effective mass- ing of eolor. Mr. Lyon is especially well represented in the Garfinckle & Co. show by a painting of a wharf and fishing fleet in which there is a charming play of light. The Qar- finckel purchase prize was a still life, “Flowers,” by Sarah Baker, charming in color and toneful. The Hecht Co. purchase award went to Benson B. Moore for his large, decorative paint- ing, “Ducks in Winter, Rock Creek,” with which in this store is shown, in striking contrast, a clumsily painted canvas of two decrepit women and a group of forlorn farm buildings, “Struthers Corner,” by Bernice F. Cross, given first prize as an oil painting. “Chickens,” a water color by Robert Franklin Gates, which won first prize in this class, an award given by Andrew W. Mellon, is in- cluded in the exhibition at Wood- ward & Lothrop. New names on the prize list are those of Catherine Ham- of talks by artists, art teachers and ex- perts, in connection therewiih, has been arranged. Miss Ada Rainey will speak at Garfinckel's tomortow, Miss Mechlin at Hoses, on April 26, John Butler at Sloane’s on May 1, Miss Adele Smith at Woodward & Lo~ throp’s on May 3, Miss Ann Abbot &t Jellef’s on Muy 8, Alexf{s B. Many, one of theprize winners, at the Palais Royal on May 10, and Rowland Lyon, an- other prize winner, at Lansburgh’s on May 15. The hours will be announced later or may be ascertained at the exhibitions. o ‘That the public may have opportu- nity to voice their own liking, ballots have been prepared and will be cast by visitors at these several exhibitions which, by the way, are to continue for a month. The majority of the works ' shown are for sale, are frankly priced, and range from $7.50—perhaps less— to $800, with the majority under $100. The success of this exhibition will be measured not merely by attendance but sales. To its success an enormous amount of effort has been expended and splendid co-operation given by the artists, the organizers and the stores participating. NORTH CAPITOL CITIZENS ELECT 4 NEW MEMBERS Association Pays Tribute to Late President Then Adjourns as Mark of Respect. Maurice V. O’Connell, George Rey- nolds, H. F. Lehman and Mrs. Edna Morgan were elected to membership in the North Capitol Citizens’ Asso- clation last night at the monthly meet- ing of the group at McKinley High School. After paying silent tribute to their | 1ate president, B. J. McGuirl, the asso- ciation adjourned out of respect to him following a motion to that effect by Henry Gilligan. E. B. Lawless will take over the presidency for the remainder of the | year. James W. Crooks acted as secre- tary in the Custom-Tailored by Richard Prince They are going to be very popular through- out the Spring and Summer season. Smartly modeled— single and double breasted—and in the new shades — several tones of gray, tan and brown. A Mode Presentation 829.50 Charge It—Settling Monthly or on Our Convenient 12-Pay Plan. Peruars s BEecause no man is a prophet in his own home town RECEIVED HERE e JVERTSENER Bt el Capitol Towers Pharmacy— 208 Mass. Ave. N.E. Is an Authorised Star Branch O!)ic:. OU don’t have to hunt around for some one to supply that want. A Classified Ad- vertisement in The Star will find them for you. A quick way to reach practically everybody is through & Star Classified Advertisement— and a convenient way to insert a Classified Advertisement is to leave the copy at the authorized Star Branch Office in your neigh- borhood. No fee for the service—only regular rates are charged. Inoktorthcahuyedcn. Star Classified Advertisements DO Brig Results, ® You've heard it. We've heard ite~women and men going from here to the ends of the earth to get help for their feet, as & relief from arthritis, rheumatism, etc. Many have been helped. But ‘was the trip necessary? Right here - in town are doctors who, quietly and without fanfare, are daily per- forming what their patients can well call miracles. Among professional men there are no secrets, New discoveries ip technique, new theories and prac- tice are common knowledge. The doctors of medicine, chiropody and osteopathy of this city are widely experienced in the care of the feet. We know, for we have been priv- ileged to work with them—to fill their prescriptions for shoes. Because, asz professional men, these doctors cannot and would not advertise their services, we take this opportunity to speak for them. Consult local doctors for all troubles related to your feet. : Wol f's Walk - Over Shops 929 F N.W.