Evening Star Newspaper, April 23, 1935, Page 10

THE EVENING STAR With' Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY.......April 23, 1035 ‘THEODORE W. NOYES. . . Editor The Evening lflm Company w9 SHL S B LAY et Bi. Lo England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition, The Evening Star_. The Evenink and subjects that the nation has & strong personality at the helm, who can be trusted, éven if clothed with dictato- rial power, to rule for the national good. Revolutions and royal coups d'etat in the Balkans are traditionally ephemeral. Bulgaria is purucnllfly fertile soil for the plottings and violent political eruptions indigenous to the lands of the Near East. The Mace- donian element is an enduring source of domestic unrest and the Bulgars’ feud with the Greeks perpetually be- clouds the international horizon. I was only & few weeks ago, at the time of the Venizelist revolution, that a Bulgar military concentration in the 7 | region of Thrace threatened a renewal ition. Night Pinal and Sunday Star.70c per mont! ight Pinal Star...... ...55¢ per mon! Collection made 'at '{hié "end "of month. Orders may be sent by mail or telephone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. of Bulgarian-Grecian conflict. King Boris reveals himself as a man of decision, resourcefulness and boldness. His people appear content, for the moment at least, to let him ol exercise unlimited power. How long 197, $12.00: 1 mo. $1.00 13r. $8.00: 1 m 80 Member of the Associated Press. Tle Assoclated Press is exclusively titled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not other- wise ciedited in this paper and also the Jocal news published herein. Al rights of Dublication of secial dispatches herein Are alSO reserve And Now—G@Get the Loan. Passage by the House yesterday of the bill authorizing a P. W. A. loan to the District for construction of three buildings in Judiciary Square for the Police Court, Municipal Court, Juvenile Court and recorder of deeds office ought to assure the realization of this long-delayed project. The Senate has passed the bill and will doubtless agree to the House amend- ment authorizing a small loan for Children’s Hospital. ‘There is an extraordinary unan- imity of opinion regarding the need for the new buildings. Congress recognized that need six or seven years ago in authorizing & new build- ing for the Police Court, and the building would probably be standing now, but for its having been side- tracked by the Municipal Center proj- ect. Now that the Municipal Center project as originally planned has been indefinitely abandoned, and the courts buildings planned for a new location and separated entirely from the prob- lem of Municipal Center financing, there is hope that the lending author- ities may be prevailed upon to grant the loan. ‘The Commissioners, the judges, the District Bar Association, the Board of ‘Trade, the Federation of Citizens’ As- sociations and others have at one time or another during the past five years urged the erection of these buildings. The Department of Justice, which has a specific responsibility in the conduct of the local courts, might well lend its influence ‘o the movement by local citizens and work with them to secure the loan. For while some of the diffi- culties under which the police courts are now laboring in the disposition of - the tens of thousands of cases brought before thent annually may be due to & system that was never designed to stand the present strains, others are due to nothing less than a lack of room. The crowding at Police Court is disgraceful. An adequate building ‘would at least eliminate some of the congestion. Commissioner Hazen is to be com- mended for his leadership in obtain- ing this legislation, now approved by both houses of Congress. His next ‘move will probably be to organize all aerguments in favor of the building program to convince Secretary Ickes and other lending authorities of the advantages in an immediate start on the work. —————————— ‘The employment of expletives hind- ers an argument by substituting esti- mates of personal character for sug- gestions as to proper procedure in an economic crisis. The stock market indicates confi- dence in the future, however some of the political speakers may feel about it. Another Dictator. Messrs. Stalin, Mussolini, Hitler, Pil- sudski and the other members of the autocratic fraternity in Europe wel- come & new recruit today. King Boris of Bulgaria joins the ranks of the dic- tators. At Sofia on Monday, after forestalling & projected coup d'etat and rebellion by military leaders, the forty-one-year-old monarch seized su- preme power for himself. The nation at 1arge applauds and approves his ac- tion, believing that he has saved Bul- garia from revolution and civil war. 1t was amid a typically Balkan set- ting that Boris decided to take mat- ters in his own hands and meet a fresh threat to his authority and na- tional tranquillity by the mailed-fist method. Ever since the army coup detat of May, 1934, which set up a Fascist government with Col. Kimon ‘Gueorguier as premier, extremist offi- cers of the Military League have held the country in their grip. This situa- tion prevailed until last week, when the cabinet resigned. Realizing that the King would exploit this develop- ment as an opportunity to re-estab- lish civil and constitutional govern- ment and his own authority, the Mili- tary Leaguers planned a coup. Boris heard of it and decided upon stern measures to nip it in the bud. He summoned the ringleaders to the pal- ace. They defiantly proclaimed their determination not to tolerate a purely civilian regime. The King was not impressed by the officers’ truculence. Instead, he drafted two hundred loyal students of the Military Academy, who proceeded to place the rebellious officers under arrest in the throne room. Thereupon the King took over all important government offices and buildings under heavy guard, quietly set up his own cabinet and transferred the administration of various depart- ments to civilians in whom he has im- plicit trust. As a first step in restoring normal conditions, the royal dictator has ordered the formulation of & consti- tution designed to give Bulgaria a new deal. He has moved with swiftness and courage that have persuaded his that new deal will last in turbulent Sofia is more questionable. Meantime, Europe, which has learned to tremble when there is turmoil in the Balkans, has a fresh cause for anxiety. PR = “Clarifying” the A. A. A. Senator Harry Flood Byrd, Virginia Democrat and farmer, in an address last night in the National Radio Forum, turned the spotlight on the “clarifying” amendments to the agri- cultural adjustment act sought of Congress by the administration. The advocates of this legislation, he said, have not been frank in their charac- terization of the proposed amendments. ‘The legislation, he pointed out, gives to the Secretary of Agriculture dicta- torial powers to license, upon such terms as he may determine, not only virtually every farmer but every handler and distributor of foods as well. Senator Byrd's analysis of the law and the proposed amendments should be read and considered by every farmer in America. Each individual among them is deeply concerned. The power to license the individual farmer will follow the passage of the pro- posed amendments, for they give to the Secretary of Agriculture author- ity to license any farmer who prepares for market or handles for sale any product of his farm, or any associa- tion of producers. Moreover, the license will be issued upon such terms as the Secretary desires to impose. On the other hand, a license may be denied. It seems incredible that an American Congress would consider such legislation, but there it is. The address of the Virginia Sena- tor was no intemperate diatrie. He used no epithets, such as have become the common weapon of offense and defense in recent public discussions. His was, however, an emphatic and detailed statement of what the Amer- ican farmers may expect once such laws as those proposed by the ad- ministration have been saddled upon them. The failure to observe the terms of the license issued by the Secre- tary of Agriculture would be punished by fines as high as $500 a day, if the farmer should be convicted of viola- tion. “In the mass of regulatory leg- islation recommended by bureau chiefs at Washington,” continued Senator Byrd, “and the rapid strides our na- tional Congress is making to regiment the people of our country, nothing be- fore suggested even approaches the magnitude of the task of controlling by license all food products from the farmer to the ultimate consumer.”} . A veritable army of Government agents, a bureaucracy, would arise un- der this legislation. . The Secretary of Agriculture is to be given the power to “tax” the farmers in order to meet the operating funds needed to police the farmers. He may tell the farmers just what to pay for this purpose and to whom to pay it. Yet, theoretically, only Congress has the power to tax in this country. That such power has passed already to others is clear enough when the processing tax now imposed under existing law on the cotton industry is considered. It was only the other day that the Secretary of Agriculture was quoted as saying that, instead of removing the pro- cessing tax on cotton goods, it might be increased. “The very heart of our American system is the right of the individual to make a living unhindered by the Government to an extent greater than 18 necessary to protect every other in- dividual in the exercise of the same right, and to preserve a safe, secure and peaceful soclety.” In these words Senator Byrd placed a finger on the great issue which is arising between the New Deal and Americans who believe in constitu- tional freedom. Yet the New Dealers consider themselves ‘“progressives” even when they fasten Government regulation and policing on the people. Commander Byrd is glad to be back home, but he is going to find condi- tions fearfully exciting after his long quiet nights in the Antarctic regions. Shakespeare. Visitors to the exhibition hall of the Folger Library find on display there coples of Shakespeare’s works which once were the property of men and women of extraordinary distinc- tion. The sponsor of the great and | beautiful memorial to the poet made it a principal objective to collect “association” volumes of his plays— books inscribed and annotated by eminent admirers of the bard. And the success of Mr. Folger's effort is demonstrated by a list of the names represented in that special depart- ment of the library catalogue. Included among the treasures shown are editions formerly owned by Louls XVI, Napoleon III, George III, George IV, William IV and Queen Victoria: George Washington, John Adams and Abraham Lincoln; 8ir John Dryden, Samuel Johnson, David Garrick, Charles Lamb and Alexander Pope; Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Leigh Hunt, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Robert Southey and Horace Walpole; Thomas Gray, Robert Burns, Thomas Carlyle and Sir Walter Scott; Robert Browning, Edward Fitzgerald, Walter Savage briel Rossetti, John Ruskin, Algernon Charles Swinburne, Robert Louls Stevenson, William Makepeace Thack- eray and Lord Alfred Tennyson; Lewis Carroll and George Bernard Shaw; Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, James Russell Lowell, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Bayard Tay- lor, Edmund Clarence Stedman, Walt ‘Whitman and Eugene Field; Edwin Booth, Augustin Daly and Richard Mansfleld; Sarah Siddons, Charlotte Bronte, George Eliot, Charlotte Cush- man and scores of other celebrated individuals—a veritable roster of un- dying fame, But perhaps the casual pilgrim does not understand the significance of the exhibition. What, indeed, is its funda- mental meaning? Obviously, the an- swer should be a citation of Shake- speare’s influence upon the world. The fruits of his genius have been the text of those whose function it was to teach mankind to think, to feel, to create, to live abundantly. His thought and spirit are an endowment for the race. It is no accident that, second only to the Bible, he is the most frequently quoted of all literary au- thorities. He is the universal mentor of the modern age. From him, even to the unlettered minority which knows him only by reputation, has come the basic philosophy of current times. The ideals of prevailing civili- zation were his creation and the people of the twentieth century are his children. Commemorating his life three hun- dred and seventy-one years after it began, his disciples turn aside for the moment from the turmoil of & planet pregnant with trouble. But in him they- find peace and hope. Shake- speare, they realize, is a tie that binds humanity together, a power for union, co-operation, tolerance and progress. And it is for that noble reason that they praise him and are grateful for him. e S Parents are protesting against eco- nomic theories taught in some of the colleges. The older folks have had their fling at wild though fascinating ideals and are to be considered when it comes to capitalizing a course of education which may give old fallacies some color of permanent values. ———r—————— - Japanese victims of earthquake call for a suspension of the rules of trade 1ivalry. In spite of the cruel demands of his own necessities Uncle S8am may find something for the relief of human brethren beyond the sea. ——e— Lotteries are declared sinful, but there is no reason why a person should not win a radio contest, in which the decision of the judges is final, without any twinge of con- science. —— vt Reference is no longer made “public enemy No. 1.” Public enemies now organize in groups and go Com- munistic, at least to the extent of dis- tributing an evil reputation. Some of the boys who went to war might be able to understand their money matters more clearly if their Army training had included a course in expert accounting. Abyssinia may have reason to hope that the war spirit in Europe will at- tend to & local situation without un- dertaking an excursion. —————— = SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Our Home Planet. They say that people up in Mars Are much like earthly dwellers, With airplanes and with trolley cars And maybe cyclone cellars. But here on our own sphere today Strange channels life is grooving. We're mystified from day to day, So what's the use of moving? Perhaps they have electric skill For sending bad news quickly, And varfous bootleg stuffs that will Make folk by thousands sickly. Perhaps when rather worse they grow ‘They think are improving, Just like us me here below—— So what's the use of moving? A Distinction. “Have you been able to keep your campaign promises?” “To a certain extent,” said Senator Sorghum, “but you've got to make allowances. What you can do after a campaign is over isn't so much a promise as it is a prophecy.” Jud Tunkins says men belong to the animal kingdom and a political boss ought to remember that it's s part of a good animal trainer’s busi- ness to know when to be scared, " Poetical Biight. Under the spreading chestnut tree The village blacksmith stood, But chestnut blight came wandering free ‘Throughout the neighborhood. Chestnuts in poems now must be Regarded as no good. Habit of Expression. “You have printed a great deal about the personal charm of the defendant in that homicide case.” “It couldn’t be helped” said the news editor. “We had no reporter available except one who has special- ized on beauty contests.” An Old Story. Said demagogues in ancient days, “We have & plan quite easy To bid the world revise its ways And make it bright and breexy.” To dwell in bliss we cannot fail When our endeavors healthy Have put the sinners all in jail And made the righteous wealthy.” “Machinery hasn’t changed human nature,” sald Uncle Eben. “A man can get stung in an sutomobile trade same as he could in & hoss trade.” —————————— Another Merger in Prospect. Prom the Boston Trenscript. There is & rumor that the ground ., TUESDAY, BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. How to walk, the best way to walk for constitutional purposes, the best state of mind during a walk—— These are questions asked us re- cently. It always is flatiering to note the trust placed in this column by many correspondents. ‘The bellef that one “knows every- thing” is helpful! More power to all kind persons, everywhere, who look to us for solu- tion of their questions. ‘The Washingtonian who asked the above may be a better walker, but perhaps has not stopped to think of walking. ‘There is a difference between doing a thing, and thinking about it. Acts, not thoughts, are necessary, in-the last analysis; nevertheless, there is no gainsaying the fact that some one else may have a slant on a sub- ject which has not occurred to one. EE I Every one walks a little bit, if no more than to a car or bus. Thousands in Washington walk to and from work, so happy are the leafy streets. It is unpleasant to think that some day, if “progress” continues at too rapid a gait, the National Capital will be as treeless all over as most Amer- ican cities. ‘Then the pedestrian will not be able to feel that strange sense of being in the forest while yet in the city, which has been his priceless possession here since the foundation. However that may be, one still can walk, despite the plain hindrances in his way in the fast moving shapes of automobiles. If he walks at all he might as well consider just what he is doing, and how to do it. The cars will not kill him unless he forgets where he is. The pedestrian well may think that the motorist ought to consider his own position behind the wheel more than he does. The car driver, he will think, ought to take more to heart the many deaths and maimings which have resulted here in the past year and a third. After horrible tragedies, one might think lessened speed would result on our streets and highways, more evi- dent carefulness, as the result of mo- torists everywhere conning them over. ‘The curious thing is that the very next morning after a killing motorists everywhere seem to drive faster and more carelessly than ever. * X ¥ x Let those explain this who will, the pedestrian wants to know how to get the most out of his walking. Let carefulness, on his own part, be the basis of his roaming. Given this, he may then attend to the more serious matters of the me- chanics of walking. “How to Walk,” for the great aver- age person, resolves itsell into the question of stride. There is little doubt that most of us attempt to take too long a stride. ‘The short step is the secret of easy walking. Let us admit that this is contrary to the usual advice. ‘We are told to stretch out our legs, |to take good strides as if we meant it, and even to attempt a step of & certain length. e * All this is good advice, in certain situations, and for definite purposes. ‘We are , however, of all the men and women who desire to walk simply for the constitutional effects or just to get somewhere. Both are legitimate aims, and fortu- nately may be combined. An effort to take too long a stride will tire such a walker long hefore shorter, more effortless, steps. ‘The short stride enables the walker to move faster, with far less effort. Such a gait need mot be tripping, in any sense, nor patterned after the mincing walk of the lady in the split- skirt, which, by the way, is coming in again. Saw one the other day. ‘This step must be adjusted to the ordinary habits of the walker. A stride an inch or two longer than wecessary entails just so much extra effort which gives no recompense. If the proper length of step is achieved, one positively floats along, gets to the destination quicker and without particularly raising the res- piration or increasing the circulation. There are many times one does not care to grow warm in walking. If, however, iacreased circulation is sought, it may be secured by increas- ing the rate of stepping, not the length of the stride. Thus this method of the com- paratively short step becomes an easy one for any sort of walking desired. EE The best state of mind, during a walk, is as blank as possible. Perhaps most of us ought to be able to attain this very easily! Nevertheless there are many per- sons who worry themselves with every step they take, by a refusal {o lay aside the cares of the day, when what they need most is to stop thinking, at least for the duration of the walk. Worry, of course, is thinking of a sort. No matter how a walker adjusts his step to fit his personality, he will be wronging himself to a certain extent unless he stops thinking, as such. Not only is the average line of thoughts enough to take one's mind off traffic danger, where it ought to e, while walking, but it is more than enough to cause the pedestrian to miss the points of interest along the route. There are always points of in- terest, no matter where one goes. They will differ, of course, depend- ing upon which part of the city one is in, but in the main every place has points of interest. The comprehension of these depends mainly upon the walker's knowledge, his own interests, and his state of mind. He can worry about home or office any time, but only here, at this great tree, can he see an authentic oak which the Indian chiefs of the Po- tomac saw long ago. How silly, in the face of this giant, & petty worry! “Commonplace” is a terrible word. There is nothing really common- place, after all, except minds. Shorten the step, walk easily, and think about as little as feasible. Then the thousand and one commonplace things will amount to something. Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. President Roosevelt's Science Ad- visory Board, headed by Dr. Karl T. Compton, president of the Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology, has submitted to Secretary of Commerce | among the first-class powers, Roper proposals for a “new deal” for the Patent Office. ‘These proposals are described by Dr. Compton, in & communication to this week's issue of Science, as a “partial answer” to an extremely complicated patent situation which may be a vital factor in national re- covery. One way out of the depres- sion, Dr. Compton peints out, is the establishment of new industries based upon inventions and improvements. For this & nursing period is required until the industry can get a fair start. Above all, it is entitled to assurance of protection of its patent rights in the article it sets out to manufacture, and it was for this purpose, as well as for the encouragement of inven- tion, that the Patent Office originally was_established. “Through wide consultation and correspondence,” Dr. Compton says, “a consensus has been found in sup- port of certain remedies, and these soon will be submitted to the Secre- tary of Commerce” He gives no hint of the changes proposed. ‘Writes Dr. Compton: “The load on the Patent Office from the enormous number of applications to patent all things from the trivial to the im- portant is such that adequate exam- ination of priority is impossible. The assurance of a patent does not carry with it the proper validity, and I am told that 65 per cent of all patents which come up for litigation are de- clared invalid by the courts. The situation has become so bad that it is said that a patent is simply an invitation to sue. “The second difficulty is because of the time, expense and doubtful out- come of patent litigation. The ex- pense is so great that large organiza- tions seriously question whether their research organizations are an eco- nomic gain or loss. Others are avoid- ing patents and seeking security in secrecy. “The third difficulty is the com- number of different patents held different individuals. If any one these individuals refuses to grant license under his patent he may en- tirely block the production of the product. It is this situation which has forced ns to secure complex patent monopolies, which are not looked upon with favor by the courts. The situation is well-nigh im- possible under present circumstances.” Nonetheless, Dr. Compton sees science on scientific and technical policies through three advisory councils.” Similar stress, Dr. Compton says, is being placed upon scientific and engineering research in Italy, Ger- many and Japan, while only America, has reduced her scientific program in re- sponse to the depression. * ¥ Xk *x Every disease of the body has its mental side, Dr. William A. White, | superintendent of St. Elizabeth’s Hos- pital, told the New York Academy of Medicine in the first of the 1935 Sal- mon memorial lectures. “We have been talking for some years about the organism as a whole,” he said, “but for the most part this has been a lip service, for we have been trained in our thinking for gen- erations to consider the organism as a mosaic of parts, of separate organs and their several functions. It will take probably many years before the concept of ‘organism-as-a-whole’ can be adequately utilized. We have lit- tle conception, except in the most general sort of way, of the part that the several organs play in the final, total picture represented by the ten- dencies and directions of the orgar- ism-as-a-whole.” Perhaps no concept of present-day psychiatry, Dr. White told the New York Academy, is so all-inclusive as that of regression, where the individual tends to go back to earlier and earlier levels of behavior. It is a commo‘ phenomenon in some forms of mental “This concept,” he said, “ties togeth- er our whole idea of what might be called the march of life from the past into the present and on into the fu- ture. The fundamental and organic continuum of the living organism is that considered as a process of un- foldment of differentiation, which is reversed when regression sets in. We find ourselves a long distance in ad- vance of the old idea of disease as a concrete entity invading the organism like a pathogenic micro-organism. “It 1s on the basis of this mechanism of regression that we can understand such a process as defusion, in which we see instinctual tendencies, which previously had been amalgamated and integrated for common ends, falling apart. ‘This highly complex, co- nated and integrated pattern of the personality is giving way under the influence of stresses and falling apart in accordance with the pattern of its structure. “Expressed from the point of view of the sense of reality, we might say and invention as offering one of the | from roads out of the depression and urges that the Government pay more atten- tion to it. “It is disheartening to note,” he says, “that our country, with all its boasted progress, has paid less atten- APRIL 23, 1935, Menace to Life in Alcoholic Driving To the Editor of The Star: As stated in The Star of a recent date, according to the table from the officé of W. A. Van Duzer, director of traffic, there was “a 49 per cent in- crease in accidents caused by drunken drivers since repeal became effective in the District of Columbia.” Many of us, particularly parents, are appalled by the 7,562 traffic acci- dents reported here in the Nation's Capital last year. Deducting from that number the 256 accidents, includ- irg seven deaths, caused by drunken drivers it shows what a menace auto- mobiles are even when driven by those who show no outward signs of intoxi- cation. Not often do persons in visible stages of intoxication attempt to drive a car. The greatest menace to safety in the streets is those who have had only one or two cocktails or a bottle of beer, and who show no outward sign of intoxication—able to drive well—but whose judgment and cau- tion are impaired by that slight amount of alcohol, making them take chances they would otherwise never take. One wonders how many of all those arrested for reckless driving had they been given the alcohol test would have been found “one drink drunk,” though showing no outward signs of intoxi- cation. One who wants to know how and why alcohol in very small amounts makes one a menace to safety in the streets has but to consult the book “What About Alcohol?” by Bo- gen and Hisey. Dr. Bogen is inter- nationally known as an authority on the effects of alcohol on the human mind and body and his tests for de- termining intoxication are accepted as standard tests in the courts abroad and elsewhere. ‘The book is in all our public libra- ries. If it happens to be out call at the office of Allied Youth in the National Education Association Build- ing. This is the book to be used next year in the junior and senior high schools. In Berlin, Germany, the police de- partment gives motorists a small warning card, which is translated as follows: “1 The hard and important work of the motor driver makes it neces- sary for him to keep away completely from all alcoholic drinks both before and during his work. “2. The smallest amounts of alco- hol are harmful for the motor driver. 1t is a mistake to think that small amounts have no bad effects. On the contrary they cause at first an in- crease in self-confidence, followed by early tiredness and weaken the power of quickly seeing and acting in the presence of danger. “3. A large number of accidents are due to the use of quite small amounts of alcohol. 4. Larger amounts of alcohol in- crease the danger and lead to drunk- enness and rash and foolish actions. “5. License to drive will be refused to persons who drink. “6. Driving while under the influ- ence of alcohol is strictly forbidden. Any driver found to be drunk while driving will be arrested and his car taken in charge by the police and his license taken away from him.” One cannot call this statement “propaganda” for it is what they do in Berlin, Germany—the home of the flowing beer stein—in order to make their streets safer. Were any of your young people among those 505 youths between the ages of 17 and 21 who were arrested here in our city last year for drunkenness? ‘There were 24,048 persons of all ages arrested here for drunkenness last year, which is 4,888 more than during the last year of prohibition when struggling against much opposition and unsympathetic enforcement. GEORGIA ROBERTSON. How American Clipper Took Off for Honolulu To the Editor of The Star: By chance I was a witness of the | “take-off” of the Pan-American Clip- per for Honolulu. We are in the habit in the East of regarding with a good deal of skepticism the prepara- tions and endeavors represented in the work of the personnel of these airplane flights. I have been fortu- nate enough to learn intimately how carefully preparations for these flights are made. The men connected with them come to the work full of that heroism that spells con- stant experience with danger and even the knowledge of possible death. ‘This flight had been planned for over two years. The selection of the crew was made within the last six months. Capt. Edwin C. Musick has been flying for 22 years. Navigating Officer Pred- erick J. Noonan is a master mariner with 22 years of experience at sea. His work in connection with this flight was to teach American aviation by a practical example of how important the laws of navigation are as applied to flying. It was his duty to guide the course in such fashion as to pre- veni a forced landing that would be due to the pilots losing connection «with the guides which they have through their radio. The Pan-American Clipper was built for experimental oceanic flights. ‘We owe a great debt to the directors of the Pan-American Airways for sponsoring this effort to conquer a route by air between us and the Orient. To watch the Clipper as it sailed out of the Alameda Airport across the bay over San Francisco and out over the 2400 miles that represented the course that the plane must take to Honolulu was to watch again the Santa Maria of Columbus leave on the voyage that was to dis- cover the Americas. The actual time of the take-off was 30 seconds. It represented the speed- with which we move in 1935. It is my hope that soon the isola- tion and ignorance that causes the will be eradi- through these messengers of will: Onme cannot help but feel that money spent educating the American public to a greater value and understanding of his fellow man will really bring the good will and peace that we celebrate in honor on Easter Sunday. MILDRED E. CURRAN. Berkeley, Calif. Nepotism. Prom the Burlington (lows) Hawkeye Gazette, n come more com- plaints of . Well, aren’t we all good Uncle Sam’s nephews? S — e et A Nomination. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washington Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Who first brought foxhounds to this country?—C. D. A. Lord Fairfax is credited with introducing fox hunting in Virginia in 1739. In 1742 he sent to England for the first pack of English-bred fox- hounds. Q. How early in our Government was there a law expelling foreigners who agitated against peace?—W. McK. A. From 1798 to 1801 there was an allen law which authorized the Presi- dent to expel foreigners dangerous to peace. Q. When did Miss Le Gallienne have an accident which scarred her face and bands?—D. C. A. Eva Le Gallienne was seriously burned by the explosion of a water heater at her home at Weston, Conn., in June, 1931. Q. Ts there an association of towns in this country that are named for towns in England?—L. H. A. There is a Namesake Towns Association in connection with the English-Speaking Union. Its purpose is to promote friendly relations be- tween towns in this country and Eng- land which bear the same name. Q. Where was “Washington Crossing the Delaware” painted? Is it true that the Stars and Stripes should not have appeared in the picture?—C. R. A. The American Art News says, according to some correspondence of the late Eastman Johnson, who was a pupil of Emanuel Leutze, in the possession of Mrs. John Leutze, the celebrated work “Washington Crossing the Delaware” was painted by Leutze on the banks of the Rhine and Ger- man soldiers posed for the leading figures in the painting. An American flag was sent to him along with Revolutionary uniforms and appears in the painting, although the Stars and Stripes were not adopted until more than a year after the historical event occurred. Q. Does the boll weevil fly by night or by day?—C. M. A. In its larval state it has no power of locomotion, but the adult has wings and flies both by day and night. Q. How much does a_complete set of devices used by a trap drummer cost?—S. L. T. A. As much as $2,000 is spent by some trap drummers, but the 44 pieces which make up a complete set may be purchased for about $1,700. Q. Why is the expression, fiscal year ending June 30, used?—W. N. A. A fiscal year is the time between one annual time of balancing accounts and the next. Unless otherwise specified, the fiscal year ends Decem- ber 31. The United States Govern- ment’s fiscal year ends June 30. Q. What is maizolith>—G. T. A. It is an artificial wood. The word means stone made from corn. occupied by the French in 1660, was fortified in 1700. Two years later it was captured by the British and held until 1763, when it was given back to France as a fishing station. The island was sgain captured by Eng- lqnd in 1778, but was restored to France in 1783. Again it was cap- tured, and depopulated in 1793, re- covered by France in 1802, lost in 1803, but has remained in undisputed Frerch possession since the treaty of Paris in 1814. Q. Who started the siogan, “the customer is always right’?—A. C. A. 1t is accredited to Mhrshall Field, the great Chicago merchant, Q. What percentage of the mem- bers of the American Legion saw serv- ice in France?—J. J. K. A. No account is kept of this, Probably it would follow the percent- age of the Army that went overseas— almost half. At the end of 193¢ the membership of the American Legion was about 831,000, so it would be & fair guess that about 400,000 Legion- naires saw overseas service, Q. Does each star in our flag rep- resent a certain State?—P. McK. A. It does not. There is abso- lutely no authority for such a repre- sentation of the stars in the flag, since the stars are intended to represent the Union as a whole. Q. What town was first named for George Washington?—E. H. B. A. The first town named for George Washington was “Forks of the Tar River,” North Carolina, which name was changed to Washington in 1775. The town was originally formed by James Bonner in 1771 and was incor- porated in 1782. Washington, Ga., claims to be the first city officially in- corporated under the name of Wash- ington. Q. How long did it take {0 produce this season’s “Lives of a Bengal Lancer”?—C. H. . A. The shooting of individual scenes began in India in 1931, Q. How many qualified voters are there in the United States?—H. P. P. A. It is estimated that there are approximately 66,000,000 persons in the United States who might be qualified as voters. Actually, only about 70 per cent of this number | registered and only 59 per cent cast |its vote in the 1932 election. | | Q Is Mammoth Cave a Rational park?—M. J. . A. Mammoth Cave in Kentucky is | being made into a national park. The | deeds to a portion of the lands in- | cluded in the national park area, | which include Mammoth Cave, have | been turned over to the Federal Gov- ernment and are now being examined by the Department of Justice. | Q Are any diseases especially prevalent among aviators?—G. T. A. While there is probably no dis- ease which is peculiar to the fiyer, | there are certain diseases which are | so frequent as to merit their being | considered occupational. Among them | are: Anxiety neurosis, growths on the | eyes from wind blast, deafness and | ringing in the ears, sinusitis, kidney | stones and constipation. As avia- Q. After the World War, did the | tors are constantly under a nervous postage stamps of Yugoslavia have Strain, an anxiety neurosis or more the initials 8. H. 8. or C. X. C. on {requently a neuro-circulatory as- them?—M. L. | thenia or staleness develops. A. The first postage stamps of Yugo-| o 1t was m i | 3 y honest intention to :il:!‘:a‘: 'f"mw“:f in ";IBhO:“du con‘; | file an income tax return, but failed = °vm= e & k:?;e: — nv”z:“u‘:q’dol‘:o? What can be done about inscriptions and the letters S. H. S.| 'z Toe s on some denominations and C. X. on others. These were the initial lel ters of the same words, namely, Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, but in different languages. Q Why is the village of Saint Pierre in Canada a French posses- sion, while the rest of Canada be- longs to England?—J. W. A. St. Pierre is an island off t.he{ coast of Newfoundland. This island, A. The Income Tax Division of the Internal Revenue Department of the { i'l‘relsuxy says that if you will come to that department and explain your | situation, the matter can be handled | in a manner that will be satisfactory | to all concerned. Eqfi Was Mahomet a polygamist?— | A, His first wife was 15 years his senior. After her death, he had nu- merous wives, Students’ Anti-War Strikes Dicussgd With Mild Interest Student anti-war strikes are dis- | cussed by the press with mild interest. There is much sympathy for the movement, but most of the news- | papers are not disposed to consider it important as a real contribution to the cause of peace. “Nearly everybody dreads the pos- sibilities of another war,” says the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, which upholds the right of protest against war, but adds: “The chief criticism of the school movement is that while exploiting the rights of citizens, it overlooks and to some extent denies their duties. One of these duties is loyalty to the Constitutional Govern- ment, and service in the defense of the Nation when it shall be required. To ‘strike’ against war, which could not be without the decree of Congress, which, in turn, would not be voted, except there existed a commanding public opinion for such action, is not consistent with any ideal of American patriotism.” Criticising elaborate pledges against war, the Cleveland News observes: “The time may come when democracy has to be defended with something besides oratory. But the enemies of democracy are so thoroughly in dis- repute among our collegians that no doubt the latter would be among the first to rush to democracy’s defense if it were challenged by armed force.” “Such demonstrations often do more harm than good,” says the Bir- mingham (Ala.) News, with the warn- ing that “by taking an attitude which is too extreme, those who engage in them frequently obscure the main issue.” The News concludes: “If the students in our colleges really desire to serve the cause of world peace, let them align themselves with the estab- lished agencies which are working with such ends in view. Let them study the existing situations in order that their leadership in nt:e “?h““' may possess the power a authen- ticity which never can be gained by the excited cries of young men whose idealism has not been tempered by a sense of reality. If members of the coming generation can take steps de- signed to bring about a more civilized agreements, they difficulty in enlisting the sympathetic support of their elders. But fire- brand tactics will not gain the day.” The movement, however, appears to the Charlotte (N. C.) Observer to “en- list the sympathy of the country,” because “it is young manhood that is the chief victim of war,” while the Akron (Ohio) Beacon Journal argues as to the futility of war: “For all the ‘billions patching to Old World rulers, Uncle Sam can hardly be blamed for wanting | no partnership in their quarrels or for his resolution to look rather tardily to his own interests.” Approval of the college students’ in- terest in public affairs is given by the Buffalo Evening News. The Miami (Fla.) Herald, in reply to declarations for fighting only in defense of homes, declares that all wars ostensibly are fought for that purpose. The Long Beach (Calif.) Press-Telegram avers that “few will quarrel with any con- scientious effort to encourage peace,” and the Topeka (Kans.) Daily Capital remarks that while the event “may not have important influence in the movement for world peace, it does no harm.” The Wichita (Kans) Eagle predicts ultimate loss of “ingenuous liberalism,” and the Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch charges that “the pacifist element is more noisy than numerous.” “War may be forced upon America, whether it wants it or not,” thinks the Reno (Nev.) Gazette, and the Kalamazoo Gazette argues, “The psychology of peace and the psychol- ogy of war are by no means identical. It is one thing to take a pacifist pledge in peacetime and quite another thing to remember and keep that pledge when one’s homeland is actu- ally endangered. The spirit of war is infectious and nowhere is its effect stronger than with youth.” “The students made themselves mildly ridiculous,” in the judgment of the Lynchburg (Va.) Advance, which concludes, “The interest of the stu- dents in peace is worthy and under- standable. No doubt the sentiment is fairly general throughout the land, cherished by every section of the popu- lation. However, it is doubtful if the spirit of pacifism is more predominant in college students than it is in huck- sters, mt:bu‘c:) farmers or fishermen, But re no sense in militant about one’s longing ;:wmlnc peace. Especially while peace prevails on all sides. The truth of the matter is that if there should develop a situa- tion which could so affect public opin- l.vflauwforuthheonntry!nwvu. this peace talk would be quickly forgotten.” A Rhyme at T;lfight B Gertrude Brooyka Hamilion Aspiration If T could do & melody on the World War, | been realized. usurped the sovereignty of the Eu- ropean democracies that we set out to save, and by their arrogance and im- perial ambitions have just given civili- zation another war scare. With such a defiant answer to the peace and dis- armament missions our Government ever since Armistice day has been dis- K I'd live off just & husk, If I could ease the tension Of any day gone wrong T'd toil through sun-swept hours To flood the town with song. ©Of life I'd ask no glory, Of love I'd take scant share, If by my way of singing 1 made one twilight rare,