Evening Star Newspaper, April 9, 1935, Page 8

A8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. 'TUESDAY........April 9, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. Editor Rate by Carrier Within the City. . 45¢ per month 80c per month 85¢ per month ~5¢ per copy Night Final Editlor Nieht Pinal and Sunday Star.70c per mantg Night Pinal Sta . .B5¢ per mont| Collection made at the end of each month. _Orders may be sent by mail or telephone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. e Daily and Sunday. .1 yr.. $10.00; 1 mo., E:nz only.......1yr. $8.00:1mo. 50c unday only. . 1yr., $4.00:1mo. 40c All Other States and Canada. 0 al 0 i 1mo.. 75¢ 00 1 mo.. 80c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press Is exclusively en- titled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not other- wise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of Dublication of svecal dispatches herein are also reserved. —— The Senate’s District Bill. The Senate has passed an appro- priation bill for 1936 which shows great improvement over the inade- quate allowances carried in the meas- ure as it left the House. The differ- ences will require a conference, which will begin in a few days, and the hope of the District is that the conferees will be able to reconcile cenflicting | points of view in a manner that re- flects sincere desire from both quar- ters to legislate fairly and adequately for the local community. While the Senate has allowed & total increase of $3267.215 over the amount approved by the House, exam- | ination of the bill shows that the in- creases are devoted mainly to four of the city's important departments— public welfare, the schools, the police | and highways. In public welfare the Senate has sought to supply the Dis- trict's new health officer with ade- | quate funds with which to undertake | 8 breader and more enlightened pro- | gram of public health protection and | to improve the service rendered by overtaxed public hospitals. For the schools the Senate has wisely en- | deavored to make a delayed start on | the school building program by per- | mitting additional funds for new buildings and required additions to | existing structures. For the police | the additional personnel and equip- ment recommtended by the police and | municipal officials and urged by dele- | gations of citizens demanding more adequate police protection have been | permitted. And for the highways the | Benate wishes to make available for | expenditure on necessary enterprises | some of the money collected in gaso- i line taxes which otherwise would go unspent, accumulating in the Treas- ury as an unusable balance. To make these increases, the Senate has increased the Federal lump sum to the amount proposed by the Commis- sioners, representing an average of the lump sum appropriations over the | ship for himself some day, have not hesitated to join in the hue and cry designed to drag MacDonald from leadership. ‘The prime minister re- cently took public cognizance of the vendetta against him. He declared from the hustings that when he him- self came to the conclusion that his days of service were over he would not have to be invited to step down; that he would do 8o of his own accord. MacDonald may look upon Stress as a shining chance to show Great Brit- ain that in him it has a captain in whom it can well afford to continue to plight its faith. In British keeping, it becomes piainer, as the Stresa con- ference approaches, is the key to the situation. Europe craves some cast~ iron system of security against the new menace of Nazi militarism. With- out complete and cordial British co- operation in effecting and maintain- ing such a system Hitlerism will en- vision a Europe divided against itself. Germany under such circumstances would 1inevitably become more and more of a peril to peace. If Ramsay MacDonald at Stresa is revealed as the spokesman of & Great Britain ready to play a dominating and de- cisive role in' a program to preserve Europe from aggression, his status, not only at home but throughout the world, will be immeasurably enhanced. He will acquire a prestige likely to be proof for some time against the at- tempts of his various enemies to con- sign him prematurely to political ob- livion. ———- Adolph S. Ochs. Death came to Adolph 8. Ochs, publisher of the New York Times, in the active service of his profession, and it may be presumed that he would not have had it otherwise if the choice had been permitted him. He lived his work, and gave to it all that he had and was. Those who knew and loved { him best, therefore, will find satisfac- tion in the circumstances of his pass- ing. He was granted the privilege of closing his distinguished career as he began it, a practicing newspaper man. Analysis of the processes by which Mr. Ochs' successes were won in- | evitably discloses the consistent devo- tion of his mind and heart to the field of human enterprise he selected in his youth. His triumphs were the fruits of a natural development which car- ried him from humble employment as a printer's devil at seventeen to the control and direction of the Nation's greatest daily journal at seventy- seven. He grew with opportunity, matured with experience. His genius expanded under the influence of vic- tories achieved by toil, and his capac- ity to spend himself for his ideal was motivated by his loyalty to his dream. He visioned the Times as he wished it to be, and he compromised nothing in his long campaign toward that end. But it was not merely his own prop- erties that prospered through his man- agement. Indeed, Mr. Ochs lifted the whole character of American journal- ism to new heights. His standards dictated similar policies among other publishers, and it probably is not too | much to say that every paper printed in the United States in the present generation has been and still is in some notable measure indebted to his past ten vears. . This higher lump | sum, $8,317,000, would finance about | $2.617,000 of the increases sought, the | balance coming from local revenues, | Certainly the need for the increases \' permitted by the Senate has been | fairly demonstrated in the lengthy | hearings before the Senate subcom- | mittee which conducted such a full | and {mpartial inquiry into proposed | items for expenditure. And it is diffi- | cult to find lcgical explanation of rea- example. He was a pioneer in the full and the exact meaning of the word, and for his courage, his determination and his self-sacrifice the Nation whose culture he endowed should be grateful forever. ‘The Times, it seems assured, will be its maker's monument. He built for its future so wisely and so well that it certainly will continue to justify his hopes and expectations for it. But even if changing conditions should THE EVENING BTAR, WASHINGTON, D. €., TUESDAY, will have to bear a much heavier labor charge, which necessarily will be reflected in the prices of goods which all the consuming public must buy. If labor generally is willing to take a smaller weekly wage, that is one thing. If, on the other hand, labor will insist upon being paid for thirty hours what it has previously received for thirty-five or forty hours, it i another. ‘While the Black bill is written as an emergency measure, should it be- come law undoubtedly strenuous ef- forts would be made to have it made permanent. There is the possibility, however, that labor itself might be- come dissatisfied with a law which bound it around so tightly. The de- nial of freedom to work more than thirty hours a week would be irksome and a hardship to many werkers. In the last Congress the Senate passed by a substantial vote a Black thirty-hour work week bill somewhat different from the measure now on the Senate calendar. The bill never was brought before the House. Instead the administration’s national indus- trial recovery act, providing for the N. R. A, was put through both houses and became law. The administration, intent upon a continuance of the N. R. A. has so far shown no disposi- tion to change in its opposition to the Black bill. The administration Dem- ocrats voted generally in opposition to taking up the Black bill yesterday, when, by a vote of fifty-six to twenty- one, Senator Black's motion to bring the bill before the Senate was de- feated. It is true that a number of these Senators gave as their reason for opposing the Black motion that they did not believe this was the proper time for consideration of such 8 measure, The fight over the thirty-hour work week proposal has been postponed, not ended. However, the action in the Senate yesterday was such as to give small encouragement to the friends of the Black bill. e ‘When an amateur radio perform- ance is regarded as having no chance, | & chord in G is sounded as & signal to quit. Art is different from politics. Some of the microphone orators would not recognize & chord in G if they heard it. | ) Some very eminent statesmen have enjoyed detective stories. Present conditions permit a Department of Justice man to substitute his own files for fiction and be his own Gaboriau. —_————— Suburbs in Maryland show symp- toms of a crime wave. The District of Columbia, though without a vote, is obligingly contributing detective service. ——— A plan to draft all wealth and all labor in case of a war threat is some- thing to which no sincere Socialist could reasonably object. ———— The presidential fishing trip has come to an end with no boasting as to the size of the catch. ———— Goering will marty & charming actress. And will the German dra- matic critics behave! ————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. April Conversation. My Uncle Jim, he has a way | Of sayin’ things he shouldn't say. You mention any foreign shore And you should hear him rage and roar. | His reasoning he can't explain, But his remarks are most profane. We keep endeavoring to strike THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. ‘The home vegetable gardener who wishes to fry something unusual should plant the Good King Henry. This is a member of great Goose- foot family. It 1s not very well known in this country, but is a favorite substitute for spinach in England, where it got its name. This is one common name, which comes .directly from the scientifi¢ name. Perhaps it would be nearer the truth to: say that the “Latin name” came from the folk name given the plant by the peasants long ago. Scientically, it is called Chenopo- dium bonus-henricus, or the Good ‘Henry chenopedium. Which one of the kings is thus commemorated we have not been able to discover, but rather imagine. it must be Henry VII, founder of the Tudor line. Scarcely could it refer to his famous successor, King Henry VIII, but it might, at that. Names are queer things. * ok ok ok It will be found listed in American seed catalogs under vegetable plants and roots, as “perennial spinach.” One such list says of it: “This is not a true spinach, but resembles it in shape of leaves and flavor. It is much esteemed in England where it has been grown for years. It will provide excellent greens from early April until middle of June. Being perfectly hardy, this ‘spinach’ will last for many years, and like an asparagus bed becomes more productive as it grows older. Set 18 inches to 2 feet apart.”, Both of the goosefeet named above are said to be good eating, and usually are named, in herbals, published in England, where the lore of growing | plants for food, flavor and medicine has become something of a science. It is a very old science, indeed, based sol- 1dly on the good country people of the land. It bespeaks a conscious use of the intelligence, that many highly educated persons of recent years have specialized in growmg the lesser known things which formerly were regarded as fit only for the peasantry, if it is proper to speak of the English country people so. Perhaps we of America look upon the word “peasant” in a lesser light than it deserves, since it means simply a countryman, from the Latin, pagus, country. Our word “pagan” comes from the same root. In the early days of Christianity the | country people stuck to the old gods, | as opposed to the city people, who were adherents of the new creed. In the usage of the latter, simple coun- try people were unbelievers. hence our | term “pagan,” meaning much more | than just a peasant. * X o X This plant of the Good King Henry | has struck us as well worth experi- | menting with, if for no other reason than to get away from spinach, per se. Ordinary spinach is about as flabby & vegetable as can be imagined or tasted. Perhaps this other is like most substitutes, not as good, but still one | | who does not care for spinach ought to find it out for himself. | The individual taste for vegetables | is a queer one, after all. ‘While there are some persons who eat everything indiscriminately, there | are vastly more who have their pe- | culiar likes and dislikes. TRACEWELL. It may be true enough that these vegetables, with their intense colora- tion, are full of a valuable chemical substance called carotin, which is “good for you,” but it will remain & question whether something else one happens to like is not just as good, * %X ¥ Such plants as these, and many more, show unmistakably the close relation between food and medicine, It is because science has given even the layman a better understanding of this fact that there has been a real revival in herbal science in recent years. Many plants we grow as garden flowers are really drug plants, so- called. Some are good for food, many more for “what ails you.” Analysis has placed its “O. K" on many & traditien, showing beyond doubt that the simple folk of long ago were right when they said that such and such a plant was “good” for such and such an ailment. Many very scientific persons who perhaps would laugh disdainfully at the idea of drinking herb teas, as the Colonials did, nevertheless every day‘drink coffee, tea and cocoa, which are all plant products, “herbs,” if you choose to call ‘em that, containing chemicals used in medicine. Sugar, from a plant, at one time was included in the pharmacoepia as a drug. It is not realized by every drinker | of coffee, for instance, that the caf- | feine in it is included in every offi- | cial list of drugs in the world, and is an excellent diuretic. One thus, in a sense, takes medicine when drinking end eating many things. kX X Life is fearfully complex; one does not have to rush out into traffic to be in a terribly involved situation. ‘What makes another member of the Goosefoot family, growing near the sea, smell like fish? No doubt & scientist could tell you easily enough, through chemical anal- ysis of the plant and a fish. ‘The same thing would be in both, he would find. So the odor would be inescapable, would it not, though one thing grew in the sea and another on land? Many home gardeners have a lovely flower growing, Valerfana officinalis, without suspecting that this is the plant whose root is universally used in the treatment of nervous disorders. Still less do they realize, perhaps, that the chemical element in the root which gives it the peculiar smell | attractive to cats is the same sub- stance which gives to human per- spiration its characteristic odor. T Our very word “drug” comes from the Anglo-Saxon “drigen,” to dry, re- ferring te the practice of drying herbs. The chemical analysis of garden plants, however, is not one to con- cern the home gardener, except as matter of interest. Every garden contains many plants which are used in medicine. Every one has heard of the Lobelias, for instance, but not all know that | this series of plants was named for | the French physician of King James | 1, Mathias de 1'Obel, or Lobel, as it came to be called in England. Lobelia is a lovely plant name, tnd} ‘What is the use of going through life cramming carrots, for instance, | down one, if one honestly does not like the taste of carrots? | STARS, MEN Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory BY THOMAS R. HENRY. ‘The core of the sun consists of | material which weighs approximately 16,000,000 tons & cubic inch. This is the hypothesis put forward by Prof. Georges Gamow of the Len- ingrad Academy of Sciences, now 8 | visiting professor at George Wash- ington University, to solve two of the fundamental mysteries of na- ture—how the sun has remained so hot for a couple of billion years one variety, L. cardinalis, is a beauti- ful garden flower, as it ought to be. That some of the Lobelias have other uses is to their credit. AND ATOMS and Study. tive to size, the distances between the | “sun and its planets” are of the same | order as in the solar system itself. The inward pressure keeps reducing the distances between the particles. ‘The more this is reduced the heavier the substance becomes. One might conceive of the whole mass eventually | being reduced to a mathematical point without length, breadth or APRID 9, 1935. ° Expresses Gratitude For Democratic Relief ‘To the Editor of The Star: Not s0 many years ago there were thousands upon thousands of the American population who were actu- slly hungry and without clothing to protect them from appearing before others in ragged garments to solicit ald. This condition existed when this Government was under the con- trol of the Republican party and all Government and business was then conducted in behalf of the American citizens by a Republican administra- tion. Those who were seeking as- sistance in the fields of employment or otherwise were told that “pros- perity was but just around the corner.” The same conditions continued to exist until March 3, 1933, and then|M. W. started to improve under the handling of all governmental business under the 'y and its Chief Execu- tive, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He has done more than his share to stamp out the life of the serpent of poverty that existed when he became President of the United States of America. Many of those who have derived benefits under the present adminis- tration are very ungrateful. I hear them commenting very unsatisfac- torily about the way they are being treated, which is in my estimation very similar to the story about the pup that bit the hand that fed him. As an American citizen and also a voter I wish to thank this admin- istration for the good that it has done in my behalf as well as others since March 3, 1933. I sincerely trust that others that have derived benefits under the present administration sim- llar to those which I received, such as clothing, food and also & bed and other attention, will step out and speak the truth and place the cause of the improvements which they have posi- tively enjoyed since March 3, 1933, where it belongs, and that is with | President Roosevelt and other mem- bers of our present administration. I also wish to thank those who as- sisted in passing and creating the work relief bill, and those who did not can answer for themselves. ALFRED H. SMITH. How to Dispose of Undesirable Aliens | To the Editor of The St We read much lluiy of our Secre- tary of Labor preventing the deporta- tion of aliens notwithstanding the | proven fact that many of those same aliens are some of our worst criminals. If they have relatives here, the Secre- tary of Labor decides they may re- | main, excused from deportation, and their numbers run up into the millions. Can the Secretary not see that every alien cared for by the Govern- ment deprives the legal citizen of just | that much? It not only deprives the legal citizen of that much but it also holds in our midst many an objection- able character. Secretary of Labor should be just what it means and no more so why the office of Judge on Aliens should be created and conferred on the Sec- retary of Labor is all wrong as there are laws defining in particular aliens who can stay and aliens who must be_deported. The Government should have an island in midocean for all undesir- | ables or else a tract of land sur- | rounded by an impenetrable unclimb- able fence with a guard patrol about all the time. Then give the alien htsi choice to leave the country or go to | the colony. Our Secretarv of Labor has much to contend with. Her office is no sinecure. She confers with labor union heads and with aliens who put up their tales of woe and protest against deportation, but there is the rank and file of non-union men who are not even mentioned as among those present and the non-union man is just as good a citizen, is just as much subject to the laws of the coun- | try, has the same familv ties and duties as the union man but because he has no representative or official head to confer with the heads in ‘Washington he is completely ignored as though he did not exist. It seems to me the title Secretary | of Labor should read Secretary of Labor Unions and Undesirables W. J. DERMOTT. e thickness except for the fact that ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washington Evening Star Informa- tion Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C, Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Why are bicycle records so much higher when paced than when un- paced?—D. H. A. It is because a windshield is used on the back of the car in front of the bicycle to reduce air resistance for the rider. Q. Did President Theodore Roose- velt ever make an airplane flight?— A. Not while President. He was the first ex-President to go up in a plane. He made a flight on October 11, 1910, at a flying meet of the St. Louls, Mo., Flying Club. Arch Hoxsey was the ! pliot. Q. Where is the largest Indian vil- lage in the United States?—S. F. | A Zuni Village, N. Mex, is the largest. It has a population of about 1,800. Q Who was Haldora?—E. S. A. Haldora is a character in Ice- landic history who called to the wom- en of her household and remarked, | “Let us go and dress the wounds of the warriors, be they friends or foes.’ Q. What relation to Marie Louise, the wife of Napoleon, was Marie An- | toinette?—J. H. R. | A She was Marie niece. Antoinette’s | Q. How old was Maud 8 when she | | established her trotting records?— P.M. H. A. She was 6 and 7 years old. Q. Why are blue jeans so called?— T H A. The cloth is called jean, prob- | ably from Genoa, where it was ex- | ported. Blue, of course, relates to the | color. Q. Was Sir Thomas Lipton Scotch or Irish>—C. L. ! A. He was born in Glasgow, Scot- | precisely when the mechanical devies of the rosary was first used. William of Malmesbury says that Godiva, who founded a religious house at Coventry in 1043, left a string of jewels on which she had told her prayers, that it might be hung on the statue of the Blessed Virgin. .B QG When was Latin first written?— A. It was reduced to writing about the sixth century B. C. and became a literary language during the third and second centuries B. C. Q. Can four-leaved clover be grown from seed?—C, L, A. Four-leaved clovers are small sports of the common white clover, Trifolilum repens. The four-leaved characteristic may be transmitted by propagation from cuttings, although not from seed. Very little success has been attained in breeding this type of clover, Q. Who has the right to call Eng- lish lawyers to the bar?—G. W. A. There are four voluntary soe cieties whidh have the exclusive right of calling to the English bar. They are all in London and are the Inner | Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln’s |Inn and Gray's Inn. Each i3 gove rned by a Board of Benchers. Q. Is it necessary to send an ac- ceptance to an invitation to a White House tea?—T. C. A. It is not. Q. How was Stephen Foster's name entered at Bellevue Hospital?—S. G. A. Evidently because the composer was poorly dressed and not identified his name was entered on the hospital register as “laborer.” Q. Is Mount Vernon open on Sun- day?—H. L. A. It is open from 2 to 4 pm. On week days it is open to visitors from 10 am. to 4 pm. A small ad- mittance fee is charged. Q. How far did the Jacob Ruppert travel going from Boston to Antarce tica?—J. H. land, but his parents were Irish. Q. When does the fishing season | | begin in Grand Canyon National | Park?>—N. E. A. On June 1. The National Park | 8ervice has just planted 30,000 rain- bow trout fry in Bright Angel Creek. Since 1920 it has placed 278,000 rain- bow, loch leven, and Eastern brook trout in the stream. | Q. Was Georgetown already in ex- istence when the location of the | District of Columbia was decided | upon?—M. S. | A. Georgetown, Md, and Alex- | andria, Va, were both in existence | and were included in the District | of Columbia as it was first laid out. Q. Why are sailors’ trousers so wide at the bottom?—C. W. A. The trousers are fashioned with bell-bottoms so that they may be | turned back easily when cleaning decks or when wading. Q. What is maundy money?—J. S. A. This expression refers to alms given on Maundy Thursday for the poor in Great Britain. Formerly spe- cial coins were struck for the maundy alms. Q. What is the origin of the devo- tional article known as the rosary?— M.P. K. A. The Christian practice of re- peating prayers is traceable to early times; Sozomen mentions the hermit Paul of the fourth century who threw away a pebble as he recited each of his 300 daily prayers. A. The steamship Jacob Ruppert of the Byrd Expedition sailed from Boston to the Panama Canal Zone (2,395 miles), thence to Easter Island, where it put in at Cooks Bay (3,000 miles); from Easter Island the vessel sailed to Wellington, New Zealand (3,610 miles). It is estimated that the ship covered approximately 15,000 miles from the time it left Boston \,;nm it arrived at its base in Antarce tica, Q. How many tapped for Canada?—P. . A. Between 20 and 25 million trees are tapped each year. About 50,000 farmers procure the sap. maple trees: are maple sugar in Eastern . C. 8. How many miles are there in the United States inland waterways system?—S. P. A. The total is 27,406 miles. Q. Which State pays the highest salaries to teachers? The lowest?— S. E. L. A. The office of education says |that New York is regarded as the | State paying the largest salaries to public school teachers and Arkansas | the lowest. Q. Has President Roosevelt taken any action lately on the independence of the Philippines>—A. F. A. On Baturday, March 23, Presi- dent Roosevelt signed the constitu- tion of the Philippines, under which it becomes possible for the islands to achieve’ independence by July 4, 1t is not known | 1946. General disappointment is reflected in newspaper comment on the with- drawal by the Department of Justice of its case against the Belcher Lumber Co. for violation of labor wage and hours requirements of the N. R. A. code. It had been expected that an General Disappointment Over ‘Withdrawal of N. R. A. Appeal ernment likewise delayed so long that | Supreme Court action before the ad- Journment of Congress is impossible.” Weakness in the case is assumed by the Connellsville (Pa.) Courjer, | the Manchester (N. H.) Union, the | St. Joseph (Mo.) News-Press and the | Newport News (Va.) Daily Press. The | loss to Congress in the withdrawal these particles do actually have di- | Treasurv Is Responsib]e ' appeal from the decision against the mensions. Prof. Gamow calculates | i mathematically that this process | For Easy Counterfeiting would continue until the average dis- | To the Editor of The Star: | tance between the particles of the| Two criminals make “complete con- | affect it deleteriously, Mr. Ochs will ! be remembered with deep gratitude «for his contribution to the cause in which he enlisted himself for his sons why the Senate’s manner of dealing with the needs of the District cannot be made the rule of Congress 1n legislating for the District. | of the case while legislation is pend= Government by Federal District Judge | ing is emphasized by the Buffalo Eves Grubb at Birmingham, Ala, would|Ding News and the San Prancisco bring before the Supreme Court vital Coronicle. —The Wichita (Kans.) without burning to a cinder and how the elements were formed. It is somewhat more than an hypothesis. Dr. Gamow reaches his Some topic he will really like. | We said, while starting for a walk, “About the weather let us talk.” Beacon remarks that “certain legal Before passage of the bill by the Benate yesterday Senator Copeland paid & pleasant tribute to the work of | Senator Thomas of Oklahoma as| chairman of the subcommittee haa- dling the bill. Said Senator Copeland: * * * I want to pay tribute to the | devoted, unselfish service rendered by the Senator. The people of the Dis- trict owe him a great debt of gratitude for what he has done, at a sacrifice of time and energy, to try to meet the | needs of the citizens of the District. That is a debt which the citizens of the District are happy to acknowledge, and praise in which they readily join. e s o Politicians in storm-swept Louisi- ana may consider free tornado insur- ance as a possibility among their | wholesale benefactions. | ) ‘The cherry blossoms are fading. The trees, however, stand from year to year as ambassadors of good will. Mr. MacDonald Comes Back. Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald 1s quite obviously not disposed as yet 1o take a back seat in British politics. Monday’s announcement in London that he will accompany Sir John Simon to this week's fateful interna- tional conference at Stresa indicates that the sage of Lossiemouth has no intention of withdrawing his hand from the throttle in Downing Street. For the past year Mr. MacDonald’s position has grown perceptibly pre- carious. Required by considerations of health to restrict his activities, es- pecially in the realm of foreign af- fairs, the prime minister’s political enemies exploited his semi-eclipse as an occasion for indicating in no un- certain terms that his usefulness at the head of his majesty’s government was at an end. Ever and anon he was reminded that he retains his place at the head of the “National” cabinet only on ignominious suffer- ance—that the dominant Baldwin Conservatives could and would dismiss him whenever it suited their pur- poses. MacDonald’s old Labor cronies, excoriating him as a party traitor, lost no opportunity to upbraid him. In the House of Commons last Winter he was the target of abusive Laborite attacks which reached the limit of Billingsgate. Those ever stormy pet- rels of British politics, David Lloyd- George and Winston Churchill, each with an eye on the prime minister- life's work. Thousands mourn his departure, and their grief is predicated on appreciation and affection for him as one of the great spirits of his age— an eminent builder of modern civiliza- tion and, providentially, of even a better and happier era which, in part because of him, is yet to dawn. ———— Mr. Mellon's proffer of art treasures has to be subjected to a political habit | long prevalent and scrutinized closely | for an ulterior motive. The late Woodrow Wilson said he had a single-track mind That fact did not prevent a collision among the European interests involved. The Thirty-Hour Work Week. The vote in the Senate yesterday | against taking up the Black thirty- hour work week bill may not be indi- cative of what that body will do when it comes to a vote on the merits of the bill. It was, however, proof that the Senate does not propose to be hur- ried into legislation of such drastic nature, particularly when the subject is being investigated by the Finance Committee. That committee is con- ducting an inquiry into the operation of the N. R. A, through the codes of fair competition of which hours of labor have been restricted. ‘The thirty-hour work week bill is strongly backed by the American Federation of Labor. The theory back of the bill is that unless hours of labor are limited by law there will be no possibility of the re-employ- ment of idle labor; that there will not be sufficient work tq go around. It is a share-the-labor proposal, de- signed to meet the present emergency due to shortage of employment and it is written as an emergency measure. It would prevent all interstate com- merce in goods made with labor em- ployed more than six hours a day and five days a week. It goes further, providing that the Government shall make no purchase of goods which have been manufactured by labor employed for longer hours. And a provision is written into the bill that all codes under the N. R. A. shall contain 8 thirty-hour work week clause. If such a bill becomes & law, either labor now employed will have to take lower weekly wages or industry . - | Then Uncle Jim threw into high. | He said, “Look at that blank, blank sky! And listen to the thunder crash!” He used big D without a dash. | The weather was beyond a doubt | The worst thing we could talk about! Demanding a Sacrifice. “Why don't you make speeches?” “I'm growing timid,” answered Senator Sorghum. “It's getting so more -| that people don’t take any interest in a man's speeches unless they think he's going to say something he'’s sorry for.” “Teers.” If war should move the world to weep We'll dwell apart from fears And, hiding our emotion deep, ‘We'll shed some profiteers. Comparing the Luck. “Did you ever buy a gold brick?” “Yes,” answered Farmer Corntossel. “But when I hear of what financiers figure as their losses, a little thing like a gold brick doesn't bother me.” “I fear the future most,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “when I study the past on which that future must be built.” Cold Wave in April. | We've regulated with much care The crops we're raising, The daylight falling to our share ‘We are appraising. Spring poets brought us annual woe. ‘We couldn’t drop ’‘em. We just abolished Spring and so Contrived to stop ’em. “A man who thinks he knows it all,” said Uncle Eben, “can be purty happy an’ comfortable until he takes a notion to try to tell all he knows.” Not a Real Incentive. Prom the New York Sun. The Congressional Medal of Honor awarded to Gen. Greely for Polar ex- ploits in 1882 is not calculated to send ambitious young men galloping off into the Arctic for glory. ———————— Hitler’s News Sense. Prom the Roanoke (Va.) Times. Hitler timed his sensational an- nouncement just right to get a maxi- mum amount of publicity for it. A few weeks later and the base season would be here. 4 conclusions from consideration of the normal behavior of atoms in a mass the size of a star. He is one of the foremost living authorities on atomic structure. Here is how it works: The interior of such an enormous spherical body as the sun is sub- jected to tremendous pressure, due | to the gravitational pull on the ma- terials above it. This pressure will contract it and, in this process, very high temperatures will be caused. According to Prof. Gamow's calcu- lations they would run as high as 7,000,000 degrees centigrade. What would happen to matter sub- jected to such a high temperature? | Pirst, Gamow shows, it would break up all molecules into their con- stituent atoms. Then it would “com- pletely fonize” all the atoms. That is, it would strip off all the light outer electrons revolving around the atomic nucleii. The result would be that the matter in the vast depths of the sun would be composed of two gases, unknown on earth. One would be electron gas, composed entirely of free electrons. The other would be nuclear gas, composed entirely of stripped nucleii. Both of these would behave very much like the “ideal gases” of physics. The nuclear gas would be hundreds of times heavier than the electron gas, but only about a fiftieth of the quantity. An atom has only one nucleus, but there may be from 1 to 92 outer electrons, de- pending upon the element. Actually, says Prof. Gamow, the effect of the nuclear gas in the results that follow may be discounted altogether, since there is relatively so little of it. So the interior of the sun can be considered as composed primarily of this light electron gas. Once it is formed it sets up a pressure in all directions. The gravitational pres- sure of the outer layers—constituting by far the greater part of the star— continues. Thus there are two enor- mous pressures against one another. One of three things can happen. ‘These pressures may be in equili- brium, in which case the stellar body will remain unchanged. The outward pressure of the electron gas may be greater than the inward pressure of gravitation, in which case the star will expand, grow cooler in the proc- ess of expansion, undergo the process of reformation of atoms and mole- cules and perhaps end eventually as a dead star. But the gravitational pressure inward may exceed the gas pressure outward. In this case the free electrons and nucleli will be pushed closer and closer together. But they will not lose their free status and the nature of the substance will remain essentially that of an ideal l‘;‘”' in temperatures such as are found on earth the distances between atomic nucleli and the free electrons relatively are very great. There are billions of atoms in the point of & pin. But every one of them can be compared to & solar system and, rela- - a3 ideal gas would be only about a tril- | lionth of the average distance between such particles on earth. And this| would result in matter weighing about a million tons a cubic centimeter. | Applying certain mathematical | formulas, it can be determined which | of the three possibilities will happen, according to the size of the star. The sun falls well within the class in which the heavy nucleus would be formed. It is probably quite small | relative to the mass of the sun itself — a few miles or a few hundred miles in diameter. * ® *x x What would be the state of such a packing of infinitely minute parti- cles? First, says Prof. Gamow, it would be unimaginably hot and re- main so as the pressure continued to push the particles closer and closer together. But nothing could be destroyed by this heat because the primary particles have already undergone all the effects heat could have on them. Here is a furnace that will burn for billions of years without consuming any fuel. And the radiant energy is sufficient to account for the sun's output of heat and light since the solar system be- gan. No other hypothesis, Prof. Gamow says, can account for this without the assumption that the sun is consuming its own substance and hence would have been destroyed long ago. This source of the sun's heat has been a puzzle to physicists and as- tronomers -for centuries. As first it was assumed that the sun was simply burning up, like the coal in a fur- nace. But if this were true it would have been entirely burned in a couple of thousand years. Then the hypoth- esis was advanced that the heat was due to the transformation of po- tential into kinetic energy through the gravitational pull of the center on the material forming the outer layers. This is somewhat similar to the h; advanced by Prof. Gamow, but the sun was presumed to be composed of homogenous ma- terial throughout. Very little was known about the behavior of atoms. And under this theory, it was shown, the whole process would have been completed in about half a billion years—less than a fourth of the time during which the sun has existed. About 10 years ago the British mathematicians, Sir Arthur Edding- ton and Sir James Jeans, advanced the thesis which has held the field practically up to the present. They held that the sun's enormous energy output was due to the annihilation of matter, by some unknown process, in its interior. Prof. Einstein and others had demonstrated that matter and ‘were equivalent—that the annihilation of matter would result in the production of energy, accord- ing to the formula of mass times the square of the velocity of light. This was sufficient to account for the sun's energy output for about ~ 13 fessions” of tying two girls to a whip- ping post and horsewhipping them if they refused or failed to pass counter- feit money. I would like to be the judge to decide punishment of these inhuman criminals. Pirst, it would be to lash them with horsewhips dou- ble the number of lashes given the unfortunate girls. But in a sense the Treasury Department is the cause of these crimes. They are due to ease with which the counterfeiting by photography or lithography of the “economy farmers’ dollar” is effected. Millions of these counterfeits have been passed and are still being passed, especially upon storekeepers in small cities and towns and even in our large cities. Fives, tens, twenties, fifties and two or three $100 notes have been passed right here in Washington. Several years ago I called attention to the counterfeiting of these “econ- omy farmers’ dollars” and called for their withdrawal from issue and the reissue of the once finest paper cur- rency of the United States and the most difficult to counterfeit in the whole world. I've called the atten- tion of the Treasury of this admin- istration to these facts. Result: nil. So this “orthodox way,” present Treas- ury Department, is particeps criminis in this counterfeiting and robbery of the small storekeeper, the still “for- gotten man” and woman. What is the answer? 1Is the counterfeiting of our paper note currency also of the “orthodox way” under the New Deal? W. E. RYAN., D —— It Pays to Advertise. Prom the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Gov. Horner of Illinois has a public works program calling for use of Federal funds in an immediate ex- penditure of $430,000,000 and a total of more than a billion in four years. | Perhaps he figures the wheel that | creaks loudest will get the grease. ————————————— Confusion Worse Confounded. Prom the Roanoke (Va.) Times. Somebody has invented an auto- mobile that can fly, and after this youw'll never know when a woman driver sticks up her hand whether she means to go left, right or straight up. as long a period as one pleased. Eventually the entire substance of the sun would melt away into en- ergy—after a few billions of years. But, says Prof. Gamow, nobody believes this any more except astron- omers. Those familiar with the latest developments of nuclear physics know that for this to happen would neces- sitate temperatures thousands of times greater than can possibly be found in the sun—running somewhere around 10 billion decillion degrees absolute. This figure would be rep- resented by 10 followed by 39 ciphers. ‘rlght to dictate employer-employe re- | questions as to the constitutionality | of N.R. A. | The Kalamazoo (Mich.) Gazette de- | scribes the case as “a broad, thorough | and four-square test of the N. R. A. on | constitutional grounds.” That paper feels that the high court would have | “cleared up many of the most widely | disputed legal issues arising from the | New Deal's recovery legislation.” The | Portsmouth (Ohio) Times says “many viewed it as the Government's best | chance to win a court test on the principle of the New Deal.” “An adverse judgment,” in the opin- jon of the Boston Transcript, “is not necessarily fatal. In fact, it is ex- tremely unlikely that the court will find that all features of the recovery act are unconstitutional. Its decisions are generally discriminating, and if it followed its usual practice in this instance, itss conclusions would have the very useful effect of providing a sound basis for the pending N. R. A. legislation. Congress as well as the people at large are entitled to know where they stand.” explains the Chicago Journal of Com- merce, “comes a new one, the Ames case, which aims to prove the recovery grounds.” The Journal of Commerce adds: “The W. Ames Co. of New Jersey is & manufacturer of steel which has either refused to wear or has been refused the use of the N. R. A. Blue Eagle. Federal contracts because it did not have the famous badge. This com- pany argues that its products are in- trastate in character, hence not amensble to regulation by the F_ed- eral Government. Especially it claims that the Federal Government. as & result of this discrimination, has no 1onships—both sections 7a and the i houts Tihase, attacked in the Belcher case. The new case can- not come up much earlier than next Fall.” “Many business men,” according to the Macon (Ga.) Telegraph, “think that if the Government quits its code regulations savage price cutting will result and cruelty to labor will be worse than in bygone days.” The Wor- cester (Mass.) Evening Gazette feels that “a court decision would settle, once for all, the Government’s claim to authority for the regulation of industry,” while the Marshalltown (Towa) Times-Republican contends that “nothing would do more to allay uncertainty and renew confidence than a fair and complete test of the act.” 3 “Congress,” says the Columbus (Ohio) Citizen, “must now reconcile itself to the necessity of proceeding on N. R. A. legislation without any word of guidance from the high court, which must eventually pass on the laws that emerge. The same thing “In place of the lumber dispute,” | act unconstitutional on much the same | Its trouble started when !htl, Government barred it from bidding on | administrative functions cannot be | left to the discretion of private citie | zens by any laws.” “What kind of an N. R. A.” asks the Birmingham (Ala.) Age Herald, | “would be extended if it is extended | and all or a few of the Federal Court | decisions against the present set-up | are upheld? Broadly, it seems to be held at present that only interstate | business can be regulated by the | Federal Government. It has been | ruled that the actual manufacture is not & part of interstate commerce, even when its products are shipped across State lines. That would seem | to nullify the possibility of enforcing | collective bargaining in so many | Plants that the bargaining that would ‘contmue possible could hardly be | reearded as ‘collective’ at all” |, The Indianapolis News suggests { that “the Justice Department lacked faith in some parts of the law.” Sidewalk Stands Are a Disfiguring Nuisance To the Editor of The Star: It does not scem fair that circuse bleacher reviewing stands should be erected squarely across a sidewalk used daily by thousands of pedestrians just to accommodate & few hundred spec- tators for an hour or so of parade, as was done near 14th last week. Such stands are sometimes not re- moved for a week or two after use, dure ing which time the ordinary users of the sidewalk have to detour into mud on the one side or soggy grass on the other. There is ample space for a number of such stands on either the parking space or the grass lawns back of the sidewalk. I like parades and appreciate the convenience of grand stands, especially when the wind is blowing and the ventilation is upward, but it certainly smacks of gross indif- ference to the public to locate them, as the stand above criticized was located, and the criticisms of visitors to the city on the appearance of Constitu- tion avenue, in this regard are not complimentary to those in authority. W. E. Al A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brocke Hamilton Going Home Going home at the end of play From the parks and the fountain spray The children hold to an older hand In a simple, trusting way. Going home at the end of light From the work and the daytime fight applies to labor disputes legislation, It simply eouldn't be, ‘ A for in the Houde test case the Gov. A We hold to the gulding hand of love For safety through the night "