Evening Star Newspaper, April 9, 1935, Page 4

Al ¥ THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 1935 ‘ Leaders of Government Join Press in Tributes to Ochs High Officials Express Sorrow at Death of Famous Publisher of New York Times. LAST RITESFROAY FORADOLPH S Chattanooga Services Will Precede New York Funeral of Publisher. (Continued From First Page.) high standards of jour- | nalism.” Mr. Ochs gave much of his time and energy to the building up of the Asso- ciated Press. He had been active as a director and member of the Execu- tive Committee since the formation of the present world-wide organization in 1900 and had served on two occa- slons as its treasurer. Recently he was renominated as a eandidate for director, and the nomi- nation would have been voted on at the Associated Press members’ meet- ing in New York April 22. Visited Old Employes. Mr. Ochs, upon arrival here Sun- day, said he felt “more like myself” than in many months. Yesterday morning he visited the Chattanooga | Times office and greeted employes, some of whom had been there before he left Chattanooga. He is survived by his widow, Mrs. Effie Wise Ochs; one daughter, Mrs. Arthur Hays Sulzberger, both of New York; his brother, Col. Milton B. Ochs, and sister, Mrs. Harry C. Adler of Chattanooga; two sisters, Miss Nannie Ochs and Mrs. B. Tallimer of | New York, and four grandchildren, Among the honors which came to | the publisher were honorary degrees from several universities, including Yale, Columbia and Dartmouth, and in 1919 he was made a chevalier of the French Legion of Honor, and eventually was raised to the rank of commander. The ideals which Mr. Ochs deemed essential in the making of a news- paper might be summed up in the slo- gan of the New York Times—"“All the news that's fit to print.” He applied that principle to the advertising as well as to the editorial columns and by adhering tenaciously to it built up two newspapers, the New York Times and the Chatta- nooga, Tenn, Times, that became monuments to his genius as & news- paper publisher and business execu- tive. His rehabilitation of the New York ‘Times, eventually making it one of the greatest newspapers of the world, was the outstanding achievement in Mr. Ochs’ career of more than half & century as a publisher. It was, how- ever, merely a repetition on a larger scale of what he had accomplished ‘with the Chattanooga Times, Manifesting a peculiar liking for the print shop and printer’s ink as a boy, they proved a greater attraction to him than his studies and weaned him away from his school books. He be- came & carrier boy, then a printer's “devil,” learned the ‘“case” and de- veloped into & competent printer. Bought Paper at 20. Mr. Ochs was only 20 years old when he took his first fling at pub- lishing. In 1878 he put out a Chat- tanooga city directory which proved a financial success. With the capital thus acquired and backed only by his tremendous energy and confidence in his own ability, he entered the field as a newspaper publisher by purchasing a half interest in the Chattanooga Times. The price was $1,750, on which he paid $250 in cash. “Two years later he bought the other half interest, but was obliged to pay $7.500 for it, so rapidly had the jour- nal developed in circulation, influence and business, When Mr. Ochs went to the New York Times in 1896 that journal was described by one observer as “the most picturesque old ruin among the news- papers of America.” Made t and powerful through the ability of Henry J. Raymond and George Jones, the Times had passed into other hands and was on its way to slow extinction. Once again the Ochs genius, ability and confidence were manifested in a problem that other experienced pub- lishers declined to tackle. An idea of the financial weakness of the concern at the time may be gained from a statement by Mr. Ochs some years later when he said: “The value placed on the shares shortly after I assumed management was indicated by the sale of some of them for 10 cents on the dollar.” Began to Pay. 1In three years after its organization the paper was placed on a paying basis, Since then, with Mr. Ochs as the dominating figure, the New York Times has risen from the bottom to the top in the volume of business among New York daily newspapers. In the newspaper field, outside of his own personal enterprises, Mr. Ochs took a greater interest in the affairs of the Associated Press than any other activity. In 1890 he organized the Southern Associated Press and was one of the incorporators of the Associated Press when it was chartered under the laws of the State of New York after its removal from Ilinois in 1900. He served as the first treasurer under that incorporation. A member of the board of directors, he retired in favor of the late Whitelaw Reid and in turn succeeded Mr. Reid when the latter in 1905 went to the Court of St. James as Ambassador from the United States. Since then Mr. Ochs had continued as a member of the board and of the Executive Commit- tee, taking an active part in the busi- mess of the association and giving his counsel and advice for the benefit and ‘welfare of the member newspapers. Born in Ohio. Adolph Simon Ochs was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 12, 1858. the son of Julius and Bertha Levy Ochs. His father came to the United States in 1844. He enlisted for the Mexican War and was & Federal officer in the Civil War, being honorably discharged as captain in the 52d Ohio Volunteer Infantry. With his family he moved in 1865 to Knoxville, Tenn., where he entered business. There the son, Adolph, received a common school education and ob- tained his first newspaper job as a carrier boy when the Knoxville Daily Chronicle was started. In 1875 he became & printer's “devil” in the Chronicle office at $2 a week. After learning his trade as a print- er, Mr. Ochs went to the job printing department of the Louisville Courier- Journal, but in less than a year trans- ferred to the composing room of the Knoxville Daily Tribune. In 1877 he was connected with a new journalistic venture in Chattanooga, the Daily Dispatch, for which he was general utility man during its brief career, filling every position from printer’s “devil” to editor in chief. The next year he got his real start toward suc- cess with the publication of the Chat- tanooga city directory. On February 28, 1883, Mr. Ochs married Miss Iphigene Mirlam Wise, daughter of Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Isaac M. Wise of Cincinnati, They had one Publish er Dies NEW YORK TIMES HEAD SUCCUMBS AT 77. Copyright, A. ADOLPH York Times Co. Ability Recognized Early. How promising Mr. Ochs was &s & boy was indicated by the prophetic left the Knoxville Chronicle to seek his fortune elsewhere. On October 15, 1875, Capt. Willlam Rule, editor of the Knoxville Chronicle, gave the young man this letter of recom- mendation: “Adolph 8. Ochs has been in my employ for more than two years. I have found him honest, zealous, re- liable and trustworthy. He is quick to comprehend and faithful to ex- ecute whatever he may be intrusted with. He is endowed with an intellect capable of reaching the highest point in mental achievement. He is & very meritorious young man. As such, I cordially recommend him to all with | whom he may come in contact.” ©On the same occasion he received from those employed in the Chron- icle's composing room a book in which was_inscribed: “We, the undersigned, your fellow workmen, appreciating your moral and practical worth, both as friend and workman, present you with this, our feeble tribute, with the hope that some day, soon or late, we shall be able to note you among the Nation's honored sons.” ‘When Mr. Ochs purchased a half interest in the Chattanocoga Times and assumed management of it it was a struggling newspaper without credit or influence and with little patronage. It had been established nine years and had gone through a change of ownership nearly every year. Al- though only 20 years old, the new owner had fixed ideas and principles which he believed essential in the publishing of a newspaper and never departed from them. Outlines Principles. ‘Taking control of the Chattanooga Times, Mr. Ochs outlined its policies to its readers, saying the Times would be the organ of the business, commer- cial and productive life of the city; it would contain the latest news by telegraph and reports from all the market centers; in the local news it would cover the fleld intensively; it would be conservatively Democratic, but always independent; it would make no appeals for patronage; it would be conducted upon business principles, neither seeking nor giving sops or donations, except to and for legitimate objects of charity. Under the direction of Mr. Ochs the Chattanooga Times attained success in every direction. It has been so closely identified with the progress of the “new South” that it has won the sobriquet of “The Times that made Chattanooga.” The Times Building is & model printing house and regarded as one of the handsomest buildings in the South. In connection with the Times, Mr. Ochs began publication in 1879 of the Tradesman, & business journal, and other publications, as he nimnthmed a well-equipped printing plant. Conditions surrounding the New York Times when Mr. Ochs took over its management were somewhat simi- lar to those of the Chattanooga Times when he first invested in that news- paper. How he eventually came into control of the New York Times was explained by Mr, Ochs in an address to the National Editorial Association at one of its annual conventions. Paper Victim of Panic. good-will of the New York Times for $1,000,000 cash to the New York made up largely of a number of very well-known men, actuated by the highest motives to preserve the Times as an independent Democratic news- paper. The panic of 1893 and insuffi- in 1896. “It was then I became acquainted with the situation and was encour- aged to grapple with the problem that many well-known and experienced publishers declined to tackle. Perhaps it was a case in which fools rush in where angels fear to tread. Part of the simile is true, for I certainly had no ‘angel’ with me. “I organized a company under a new charter—the present New York Times Co.—with 10,000 shares of capi- tal stock, par value $100, and $500,000 of 5 per cent bonds.” Explaining the operation of the new financing, Mr. Ochs said the $1,000,- 000 of stock of the old company was taken up by giving in exchange 2,000 shares of the new company; the debts of the old company were paid, dollar for dollar, with $300,000 of the new bonds, the remaining $200,00 of the bonds being sold, with some difficulty, at par for cash, the purchaser of each $1,000 bond being given 15 shares of stock as a bonus. Acquired Control. “I subscribed for $75,000 of the bonds and received 1,125 shares of stock as & bonus” Mr. Ochs said, “and, as was stipulated in the articles of the organization plan, I received 3,876 shares of the capital stock as compensation when three years after its organization the company was placed on a paying basis. So, in this way, I acquired control, the majority daughter, Iphigene, who in 1917 be- came the wife of Arthur Hays Sulz- N stock of the New York Times Co. (5,001 shares), as the result of my A | berger, vice president of the New | work and the investment of $75,000 vision of his employer and his fellow | workmen when, at the age of 17, he | “The George Jones estate,” said Mr. | Ochs, “sold in 1893 the name and | Times Publishing Co, & company| cient capital proved too great a hur-l den, and the company came to grief | P. Wirephoto. S. OCHS, in its bonds.” Mr. Ochs later increased his hold- ings by purchasing the shares of others who were willing to dispose of them. Eventually, more than 90 per cent of the capital stock of the New York Times Co. was owned in the office of the Times by persons who are or were solely employed in producing | the Times. ‘When Mr. Ochs undertook the re- organization of the New York Times it employed a few more than 100 per- sons, had a circulation less than 20,000 daily and gross yearly receipts of ap- proximately $500,000. The same pol- icies that had been so sucecssful in Chattanooga were inaugurated in the | New York Times with similar results and with little or no change in the personnel of the then existing working organization. The achievement was sald by Dr. St. Clair McKelway, noted editor of the Brooklyn Eagle, to be unprecedented in the history of Amer- ican journalism. By 1928, the fiftieth anniversary of Mr. Ochs’ entry into the publishing fleld, the number of employes of the New York Times had increased to more than 3,200, the daily circulation had grown to more than 400,000 and the sales of the Sunday edition to over 700,000, while the annual receipts had mounted to more than $25,000,000. Expanded Facilities. During the years of its expansion the news service of the New York | | Times kept apace with its business | progress. Special correspondents were | engaged in cities throughout the United States and an extensive foreign service was organized, including offices and staffs in the principal cities of the world. The Times was the first Amer- ican newspaper to publish & pictorial section printed in rotogravure and the first newspaper to receive a news serv- ice by wireless telegraphy. It has been conspicuous in many great newspaper enterprises, particularly in polar ex- peditions and in aviation. ‘The New York Times Co,, in addl- tion to its daily and Sunday news- paper, is publisher of several other periodicals, including Current History, Midweek Pictorial and the Annalist. It also maintains a world-wide picture service. Mr. Ochs entered the newspaper fleld in Philadelphia in 1901, when he became owner of the Philadelphia | Times. The next year he bought the Philadelphia Public Ledger, consolidat- ing with it the Times. He continued as owner of the Public Ledger until 1912, when he sold it with its building to Cyrus H. K. Curtis for $2,000,000. Althought his business demanded the greater part of his attention, Mr. Ochs found a way to devote some of his time to & variety of interests. In the performance of what was assigned to him, he was retiring and unassum- ing and preferred that no personal publicity be given to his achievements. Nevertheless, he was the recipient of numerous honors from various sources. Precedent Set. In April, 1928, the officers and di- rectors of the Associated Press ten- dered him a luncheon in recognition of his notable record of 50 years as & publisher. Then at its annual meeting luncheon the association deviated from a custom of long standing when Pres- ident Frank B. Noyes proposed & toast to Mr. Ochs in honor of his seventieth birthday anniversary, which occurred the month previous, and his fiftieth anniversary as ‘a publisher. Pre- viously, the only toast proposed at these annual gatherings had been to the President of the United States and | the President’s wife. Acknowledging the unexpected toast, Mr. Ochs made this characteristic re- sponse: “You can't make a lion out of an Ochs” (ox). His half-century anniversary in the publishing field also was recognized a civic celebration Monday, July 2, 1928, at Chattanooga, which city had honored him on several previous occa=- sions, While a resident there Mr, Ochs was conspicuously identified with nearly every public movement and en- terprise calculated to promote the welfare of the city. Twice he was presented by the citizens with tokens of their appreciation and in 1923 he officially was made “citizen emeritus.” An honor which Mr. Ochs prized highly because it came to him as & recognition of his life's work was the gold medal of the National Institute of Social Science. It was presented to him May 4, 1927, “for maintaining and promoting high standards of journalism On that occasion Mr. Ochs was in- troduced by William C. Redfield, president of the institute, who re- ferred to him as “the proprietor and publisher of the greatest of our news- papers.” Lauded for Achievements. In the course of his address pre- senting the medal, Frank B. Noyes, president of the Associated Press, said: “No great institution that I know of and no one man can 30 com- pletely be identified as creation and creator as is the case with the Times and Mr. Ochs. This is so, although since the day that he acquired con- trol of the paper—then a fast sinking property—he has sought for and gained the association with it of very able and strong men, to whom he has generously and justly given full credit for very notable work. “The fact that this medal is awarded to Mr. can add nothing kmow of the Timd I am only lamely giving voice to the general recognition of a very great newspaper—the greatest in my opin- ion—of & very great journalist and of & very great citizen.” The New York Times had two not- able “firsts” on its record. In 1918 Columbia University awarded it the first Pulitzer gold medal and in 1930 the School of Journalism of the Uni- versity of Missouri selected the paper for the first of its annual awards, both prizes being “for meritorius public service.” Mr. Ochs' personal honors were numerous. In October, 1919, the French government made him =& chevalier of the of Honor, pro- moted him to officer in 1925 and to commander in 1927. His list of hon- orary degrees included M. A., Yale, 1922: LL. D, Columbis, 1924, and Dartmouth, 1932; Litt, D., University of Chattanooga, 1925,; New York Uni- versity, 1926, and Lincoln Memorial University, 1928. Active in Charity. An outstanding _charitable work sponsored by Mr. Ochs through the New York Times was the annual Christmastide appeal for “the hune dred neediest cases” jn the metropolis. That number was set for the goal when the fund was inaugurated in 1912 and when $3,630 was subscribed. But yearly the fund increased in size and until in 1930 it totaled $329,000, which provided necessities for & whole year for 542 cases em- bracing 2,000 individuals. In 20 years the fund received more than $3,000,000 in cash and dispensed uncounted benefits in food, clothing, child adop- tion and preservation of families. Other notable benefactions by Mr. Ochs included a $400,000 temple which he erected for Mizpah Congre- gation at Chattanooga in memory of his parents. Also he was chairman of the Endowment Fund Commission of Hebrew Union College at Cincin- nati, founded by his father-in-law. This commission raised nearly $5,000,- 000, of which $500,000 was given by Mr. and Mrs. Ochs. Outside the field of pure philan- thropy, Mr. Ochs was also generous. He underwrote for five years the American Year Book and advanced $500,000 for preparation of the monu- mental Dictionary of American Biog- raphy, which for years has engaged the attention of the learned societies of America, embracing 15 scholastic organizations of national scope. Protected Park. Public parks formed another inter- est. His effort to defeat every at- tempt to alter Central Park in New York City from its original purpose made the Times known as “the| watchdog of Central Park.” He orig- inated the project for the Lookout | Mountain and Chattanooga Park, was one of the originators of the Chick- | amauga-Chattanooga * National Park | and aided in establishment of the Saratoga Battlefield Park. Although always intensely inter- ested in national, State and munic- ipal affairs, Mr. Ochs held only one public office. He was a member of 'l‘"l:‘ g:mmnoon 8chool Board in| The descendant on both his moth- er's and father's sides of long lines of cultured, devout Bavarian Jews, Mr. Ochs inherited a love of family life and an ingrained sense of religious values. In 1925 he presented to the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral of St. | John the Divine in New York a pair of candelabra for the high altar, which were designed after the Menorah of Solomon's Temple. The gift was regarded as notable because it was by & member of the Jewish faith to a Christian church, but associates of Mr. Ochs saw a broader significance in it. They referred to a letter which he wrote in October, 1931, to Will Durant, replying to an inquiry as to what meaning life had for him and | what help religion had been. He said: “My Jewish home life gave me a | spiritual uplift and a sense of respon- sibility to my subconscious better | self—which I think is the God within | me, the Inexplicable, the Unknowable. i makes me believe I am more | than an animal, and that this life cannot be the end of our spiritual | nature.” Sreeting Cards A [Arg: selection for every occasion Make someone happier by sending a greeting card By the Associated Press. President Roosevelt joined mnews- paper leaders, cabinet officers, mem- bers. of the Senate and House and others high in official life today in ex- pressing sorrow at the death yester- day of Adolph 8. Ochs, publisher of the New York Times, and paid tribute to his memory. President Rooseveli—I am deeply distressed to learn of the passing of my old friend. His great contribu- tion to journalism and to good citizen- ship will always be remembered. Frank B, Noyes, president of the Associated Press—The Times is his monument, and no one in our pro- fession could have a greater one than is found in the newspaper which he created, for the New York Times of today is of his creation. His service to the Associated Press from the start of the Illinois corporation which pre- ceded the present organisation has been of inestimable value and is an example to self-respecting journal- ism, is & beritage which we must cherish. Secretary Hull—I am deeply grieved to learn of the death of Mr. Adolph Ochs, whose vast and outstanding con- tributions to American journalism are known and appreciated the world over. No other person has, in fact, made more valuable and lasting contribu- tion to the progress of journalism than he, and it is exemplified by the marvelous development of the New York Times. Secretary Morgenthau—I have learned with sorrow of the death of Adolph Ochs, one of the truly great men of America. It has been my privilege to know him since my child- hood, and I have always had great respect and admiration for him. Secretary Swanson—I am deeply grieved to hear of the death of Mr. Ochs, a distinguished newspaper man ‘who contributed greatly to the prestige of the press. His loss will be felt by the entire country. Secretary Ickes—Adolph Ochs did a great service for American journal- ism. A really great American editor is gone. Secretary Perkins—I am distressed by the death of Mr. Ochs, for whom I had great admiration and personal friendship. He was for many years a leader in developing the high ideals and standards of the press of this country. Speaker Byrns—He was, of course, & native of my Statc and for that reason, among others, I felt that I knew him well. I hardly know how to express my feelings, except to say that his death is to be greatly re- gretted. Representative Martin, Republican, of Massachusetts—" His death is un- questionably a great loss to both Jjournalism and the public. Representative O’Connor, Demo- crat, of New York—The newspaper world has lost one of its greatest leaders and- the on has lost a Harness—Saddlery—Trunks— Luggage—Repairing of All Leather Goods G.W.King, Jr,,511 11thSt.N.W. BANK YOUR SAVINGS ‘BREWGD Engravers and Printers 811 Twelfth Street, N. W. 4 BIG STORES Dobbs Hats Foot-Joy Shoes STITCH IS A TOUCH OF TALENT— THE RESULT OF CAREFUL THOUGHT TO PRODUCE SUITS HAND TAILORED BY FROM 50.00 THESE CLOTHES ARE ABOVE THE ORDINARY ... IN STYLE, IN FIT AND IN WEARING QUALITIES ... BECAUSE THEY ARE THE PRODUCT OF TAL- ENTED TAILORS WORKING TO AN TAG! IDEAL—NOT TO A PRICE SEE THEM. SIDNEY WEST e Eugene C. Gott, President 14th 8 G Sts. great moulder of public opinion who worked, always, in the interests of all our citizens. Senator Copeland, Democrat, of New York—I am sorry. Mr. Ochs Wwas in many ways a leading citizen of New York. He stood for every:hing that was high and right. He was & moulder of public opinion, & great figure in society. Senator McNary, Republican, of Oregon, minerity leader—He has rendered a very valuable service as publisher. His death will be keenly regretted by the public. Harry L. Hopkins, Federal relief administrator — Ih the death of Aodlph 8. Ochs America has lost & m;’nlmol. It is Mfl::"lflrn of the 80 great & » Who sym- bolized and made effective such high ideals. Senator Wagner, Democrat, of New York—In the death of Adolph 8. Ochs one of the world’s great- ing apiFie Bl energy, his enterpmsc ng spirit. energy, ent 3 his kindliness, his talent and his character made his life story rank among the most remarkable in the annals of America. Representative McReynolds, Demo- crat, of Tennessee—His influence for good was felt for many years. He was very much beloved by the people of Chattanooga, where he started in newspaper work and still owns the Chattanooga Times. He has been a public-spirited man and done much for our city. His friends were nu- merous. Senator Bachman, Democrat, of Tennessee, also a resident of Chat- tanooga—Chattanooga and Tennessee have never afforded the Nation a more outstanding citizen than Adolph 8. Ochs. Kent Cooper, general manager of the Associated Press—I can think of no one whose passing must mean a greater loss both to journalism and to those who knew him than that of Mr. Ochs. Words are not to be found that would properly record ap- praisal of his sterling worth and his monumental contribution to the news- paper profession. William Randoiph Hearst—By the deagh of Mr. Ochs the Nation has lost one of its greatest newspaper geniuses and one of its most magnificently loyal and devoted citizens. It is a matter of great grief to all his fellow citizens that the country should have lost this intellectual leader in these fateful times. Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, presi- dent of Columbia University—He was 8 true leader and a build . Ochs is 8 loss to his coun- tryand to the fleld of American jour- , in which he occupied the foremost position. During all of his career as-an editor, Mr. Ochs never departed from the path of conserva- tism and constructive service. No American editor has contributed more richly than he has in upholding the highest traditions of the press nor in service to his country. A man of un- impeachable character, he reached the end of his career universally re- spected for the charm and nobility of |- character and for public service he had rendered for more than a half century. Gov. Herberi H. Lehman of New ‘Yerk—I have looked upon him as one of the truly great men of our genera- tion. * * * Few men have wielded so wide an influence or used it so de- votedly in the public good. Gov. Hill McAlister of Tennessee— It is difficult to estimate the profound influence which he exercised upon the men and women of his time. Former President Hoover—Adolph | 8. Ochs represented the highest in American journalism. He contributed much to the fullness of American life. In his quiet, unassuming manner, he passing at this crucial time is & nse tional loss. Alfred E. Smith—I learned with very deep regret of the death of Adolph Ochs. He was a great citizen, & great leader of thought and, to me, & very great personal friend. He leaves behind him, in the New York ‘Times, 2 monument befitting his cour- age, his diligence and his faithful service to his fellow men. ——— MRS. NORTON TO SPEAK Will Address National Associa- tion of College Women. Representative Mary T. Norton of New Jersey will be the guest speaker | before the National Association of College Women, during a convention here from April 19-22. Mrs, Norton will address the body in the Rankin Memorial Chapel of Howard Uni- versity at 8 pm., April 19. Delegates from the 24 branches over the United States will be in attendance and will take as their th “The ‘World—Our Neighborhood.’ GENERAL MOTORS SPRING SHOWING wielded, through the journal he pub- | lished, a tremendous influence. His courage of conviction will be an ex- ample to the leaders of thought in the Nation for years to come. His STYLE SHOWS VINCENT LOPEZ AND HIS ORCHESTRA APRIL 6-13 WASHINGTON AUDITORIUM Daily—10:30 A.M.-10:30 P.M. 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