Evening Star Newspaper, January 9, 1935, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Merning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY . .January 9, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES. . . Editor ‘The Evening Star Nm.:_)er Company ‘Business Office: 11t st."ang Penssvivania Ave. New York Ofce. 110 Bast 43n¢ &t icpRo e: Lake Michigan Building. ropean Office, 14 Regent St.. London. - ‘England. Rate by Carrier Withim the City. ¢ Edition. Fre Evenine Star, T e Evening and Sunday Siar (when 4 Sundavs) The Evening and Sunday Star Cwhen - Sunidars) The Sunday Star.. . Night Final dit Night Pinal and Sunday Star Night Final Star...... ... Collection mi at ' ihe month. _ Orders telephone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Beily and Sunday. .1 vr.. $10.00: 1 mo. A3 . . 1yr., $86. Sunday only. ily _only .00: 1 mo.. dlic $4.00: 1 mo.. 40¢ All Other Siates and Canada. Dailyand L$17.00: 1 1no.. $ Daly only L8800 1 mo.. Sunday only. $5.00: 1 mo.. end of each 00 be c Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associated Press is exclusively en- titled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not other- wise credited in this paper and the local news published herein ts of Al rig] publication of special dispatches herein Arc also reserve _—— A Staggering Task. ‘The country is billion-dollar minded despite the depression. Otherwise there would have been more of & gasp when it heard that President Roose- velt was requesting Congress to turn over to him in a lump sum $4,000.- 000,000 to, be expended in a single year on & public works program. Even so, the ~uitude of the task of spending fe .ousand million dollars in a tweivemonth or less may impress it- self finally upon the public mind. 'THE EVENTNG STAR, WASHIN R e e - Fr satisfactory because of the lack of | enable the Hitler government to s-f proper quarters, food and clothing for | pose its will on “the humblest ham- the personnel of the system. It would‘ht." as the author of the scheme, seem that punishments Rave not |Interior Minister Wilhelm Prick sn- brought reformation. To nmumlwmnu of Nwmi imprison the offending personmel will |in the personal equations involved. | not correct mechanical faults and| The plan has long been an integral : equip the lines properly. part of the Naz program. But .;-! Russia’s efforts to extend Ms reil- | tempis to establish the thoroughly | way system bave been & feature of {unified third Reich which it cnnl.un-l the grand plan of reorgenization aund : Plates were biocked by Gen. Hermann modernization under the Soviet rule. ! Goering, Hitler's powerful second-in- Fhe people have taken to railroad | command, who, as premier of Prussia, itravel in immense numbers. All vu-lflid not want that historically dom- GTON, BT o B D, € WEDI\D AY, BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. . Hemmed in? That is the way & great many peo- ple fegl. They are hemmed in by Jjobs, houses, countries, worlds. They feel hemmed in where they are, and want 1o go some where else, where they think they won't feel that way. When they get there, they. discover, usually, that they are almost as tors to that land have observed the inating German siate divided, with ‘45¢ per month 60c per month -6ibc per month ¢ per copy | 0c per month | 55¢ per month | s may be sent by mail or | sad deficiencies of the equipment and | corresponding curiailment of his IVIY.I the accommodations. The wrecks President von Hindenburg and other that have occurred are doubtless due'influentiai Prussians supported him. {in large part to & certain national;Now the Goering policy bas suc-' ineptitude In the bandling of me- cumbed (o that of Dr. Frick, 8 circum- | chanical devices, & trai that has come | stance which suggests that the min- | {to notice in the incompetence mani- |ister of the interior may be destined |fested in the making and use of to supplant the Prussian premier, who | |tractors, motor engines, electrical | has been prepondersnt in Nazi afairs | | piants and other means of production!as the Fuehrer's chief leutenant. | | and service. From the siandpoint of the outside ' | Criticism of the Russian railways, | world, the impending reorganization however, is to be tempered by the re- means that the Reich will present the | fection that the American transport picture of & more solidly kuit poli- {lines have not been functioning lately | tical and territorial enlity than ever. |85 well &s they should. A short time| It will typify & nation of nearly 70,- | 8g0 this country suffered from a series | 005000 Germans firmly within the | of wrecks, costing heavily in lives, and | Hitler grip. The achievement of that | due to mechanical as well as personal! purpose will probably synchronize failures. So far as known, no punish- | with the attainment of the Nazi goal ments have been administered to|of a recovered Saar, but France and | those at fault. Italy have just seen to it that the more closely co-ordinated Teutonic | realm is not to embrace an absorbed ' Austria. -~ D — i The “Gold Cases. | The “gold cases” now being argued 'in the United States Supreme Court are among the most interesting tests jof New Deal acts which have been | and ‘will be presented to that tribunal. ! In general, the question for the court | to decide relates to the validity of re- budiation, by the United States Gov- ernment and by many corporations, . Daniel E. Garges. The District has lost a good and | faithful servant in the death of ' Daniel E. Garges, which bas occurred 50 suddenly as t6 shock the com- | munity. He bas been on duty at the | District Building for forty years, serv- “hemmed in” as ever. Men who have gone around the world, in an effort to escape the feel- ing of imprisonment, say it pursued them to the other side of the globe. So it is seen to be mental. * k % % Psychologists have explanations for | it, and names with rather frightful implications. The average person need know noth- ing of them. They will do him Do good, and may do some harm. The main thing to keep in mind is that this feeling, very well known to thousands, in all walks of life, is purely self-created. It is the mind which has got oune into it, and the mind which will get one out. Perbaps for some there is no getting out. * % % ¥ ‘Well, what of it? A person is hemmed in by life, after all. The brave will admit it, the re- mainder will try to run away. Hence on every side and on every highway, automobiles roar along, | their mildly-mad occupants deter- mined to “gel away’ at any cost | from the frightful possibilities of self- | contemplation. It is nothing wew. An ancient Roman poet pictured the nobles flying along in their chariots from their town houses to their country houses and, uno sooner th then they turned around and “tew” back to Rome as fast as they had gone away | and rest. ‘This is more natural, one | may thiok, therefore, what it pro- | duces ht to be more accepiable. | Unfortunately, the rest periods of life, [u they may be so-called, sometimes | produce introspection, which is barm- | ful to some matures. Others using | exactly the same methods of self- ‘lonkinx will find nothing harmful in | the exercise. JANTARY 9, 1985 NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM Margaret Germond. THE VICTOR BOOK OF THE SYM- PHONY, by OCharles O'Connell. New York & Schuster, Inc. Here is & volume for which, it may be truly , millions of Americans have been hoping. A few years ago it would not have attracted 1 genesa) interest, for before the advent of Tadio as & medium for the broadcast- | yras ing of entertainment, only & small | The feeling of being hemmed 1n ! fraction of the vast population of this | is one of the lesser of the evils of coumtry had ever enjoyed the privi- 00 much introspection in some na- | lege of hearing symphonic music. To- | tures, | day the small fraciion is ~omposed of . | In most cases there is absolutely ' those who have not listened to pro- | nothing hurtful in it. ! grams from the world’s greatest com- Often it leads to & determined ef- | posers, presented by the most famous fort to get away, and this getting i symphony orchestras of the age under | away offers the person fresh oppor-)the batons of maestri of international | tunities for observetion and mentsl' renown. The development and perfec- | effort. This is not the only good rea- | tion of recorded music that followed son for travel, of cousse, but it is one | rapidly upon the invention of the talk- of them. . | ing wachine widened the circle of The feeling of being “hemmed in” | privileged listeners, and then came the by life and circumstances often results | radio to introduce to the masses the in changes, which may or may not | works of masters whose genius for the | be for the better. translation of the component spiritual | ANSWERS TO QUE STIONS BY FREDERIC ). HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to Washington, D. C. stamp for reply. Q Was there s time when the horses ran to the right at the Belmont Park track?—R. M. A. Horses ran st Belmont Park with inner rail at their right from opening, May 4, 1905, until the end of the 1925 season. That is the Eng- lish custom, iniroducsd by August Belmont. Since 1928 horses nave run the same as on &ll other American tracks—with inner rail on their left. | Q. How far from the throne is the recently married Duke of Keni?— R. P A. He is the sixth in live. heir is the Prince of Wales, the sec- ond, the Duke of York; third, Prin- cess Elizabeth; fourth, Princess Mar- garet Rose; fifth, the Duke of Glou- cester, and sixth, the Duke of Kent. Q. What woods shrink or swell the At any rate they are something and emotional elements of mankind | jeast?—H. S. new, and this, o itsell, has & way, | into imaginative and poetic themes l'x' usually, of freshening the mental out- | symphonic expression has satisfied the | 100k, need for beauty of which all humanity | Oune may discover that the new is igto some degree conscious. | 1O better than the old, after sll. | "Until now it has not been possible One may find out that perhaps for the average convert to good music too much stress is put, in the every- | Lo secure & collection of understand- day world, on “something new.” able interpretations and descriptions The old, after all, often has much | of the symphonies, concertos and ! in its favor, but this must be a per- [other classics with which they have sonal discovery. Until the individual |become —acquainted. ~ Many books ; makes it, he will be the continuing | have, of course, been published, and | victim of all those who have some- jmost of them have been splendid ld‘! thing “new” to sell bhim. ditions to the libraries of muxichns.} * X % % students and those already possessing ! 1t it is the mind that creates states | 80 intelligent understanding of the of mind. as we say, it is the mind |8t I fact there has been but very which will uncreate them, &s others | ittle demand unul the past few years might say. +for such an Xnvhlugble volume as the Aud this Is so. . |oue which Mr. O'Connell has pro-| 1t is one of the happiest discoveries ' dUced. It hus been wrilten in recog- any human will ever make. jMion of the necd which the rapid| If u lttle thinking gets you into a | $TOWD of interest in symphonic and! wental jam, wherein you feel the need | OUN€r forms of classic music has A. Generally speaking, the lighter woods are in this class. Among them are white pine, cedar, redwood, fir | and yellow poplar. Such heavy woods as ash, hickory, beech, birch and oak shrink or swell. more than the lighter woods. Q. For whom is Cadillac, Mich., named?—A. R. A. Cadillac is named for Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, a French mili- tary officer, who founded Detroit, Mich. Q. How was the Carnegie Institu- tion at Washington, D. C., founded? —P. L A. The Carnegie Iustitution of Washington was founded on January 28, 1902, by Andrew Carnegie, when he gave to a board of trustees an en- dowment of registered bonds of the par value of $10,000.000. To this fund The first | {of a promise to pay debts in “gold ing in various capacities and for the ‘This buge sum of money is not to be given away, not 1o be dumped down political sewers, but is to be expended, according to the President, on useful works that will add to the wealth “of the Nation. No millions are to go for sweeping up leaves in public parks | and streets and the like made work. The President, apparently, has no in tention of returning to the practice: of the defunct C. W. A. Looking back into the not-so-dis- tant past for big expenditures on im- portant public works, it is discovered that, the Papama Canal was built for | $400,000,000, in round figures. It took, however, ten years to comstruct that canal, which now joins the At- lantic and Pacific Oceans. The task for which the President has asked is to spend one hundred times this sum coin of the United States of America (ast eight years has been the secretary | of or equal to the present standard of | of the Board of Commissioners, To { weight and fineness and to pay in- | (hat office he brought an intimate ac- terest thereon * * * in like gold coin.” | quaintance with the workings of the | The urwfn' standard of weight ' entire municipal administration and | | and fineness,” of course, referred to in the discharge of its duties he was ! | the time that the debt was incurred. | pighly efficient. A student of munici- | {That smndnrd. is no )unger the stand- ' pa| matters, he wrote extensively on | ard of money in the United States. | questions of importance and interess | | The Government's repudiation of itS , (he citizens of the Capital. Suc- igold clause, and the like repudiation .ejve Boards of Commissioners found jof such gold clauses by bOIrOWINg| i, him a valuable &id in the conduct | corporations, is now an accomplished | : B i (T00k acs the rehtiiat beadca acer of their offices through his intimate k. €bLS | ynowledge of all branches of the Dis- | | would be increased, in the present|yc; government. His loss is deeply | | money, should the Supreme Court up- | deplored aud his replacement in the | ' hold the gold clause by an estimated & responsible duties which he has so! | $70.000,000.000, makes the present | | capably " discharged will be a difficult | case somehow analogous to the situ- 1, | tion which would be represented in a | i | | | — e—e—— | of aj from it. In the city they fell hemmed in. | longed for the | In the country they bright lights. Yes, there were bright lights then, too. Compared with our brightness of electricity, their lights would have looked dingy, no doubt, but to them they glowed far beyond the usual. There was that fine night in the life of Cicero, when candles were burned in front of every house in the city, as the great man was given, by public acclaim, the title of “father of his country.” Cicero did not feel hemmed in that night, Xk If life could be a succession of excitements, especially such as are known to many men in the glare of wide-spread, but Dpevertbeless mild publicity, few persons would ever feel the need of pushing the walls back. No doubt the popularity of war, in some measure, is due Lo that well known succession of exciting events, thinking can get you out again. Perhaps a little more effort is need- ed than to get in. Traps are that way. Consider the poor little mice, caged in a large glass jar, into which they had scampered through an innocent swinging door. . The man who demonstrated the trap on the street corner was looking at it solely from his point of view. “Just twrn the jar up this way,” said, “and they sufftcate in two min- utes. A more humane way,” he con- tinued, “is to fill the jar with warm water, That takes & minute and & halt.” * k% % It took a bit of mouse intelligence | music in the concert hall, and equally | to get in the jar, but none of the mice had the little exira intelligence to know what to do to gel out. A spectator on the street scene |book can be a friendly and intimate | longed to be possessed of more than human ability. to be able to shout to for more ¢lbow room, as it were, & little | created, and it has been desigued with a view Lo giving the fullest possible | understanding to the novice as well as to the accomplished musician. For | each great symphonic works it answers the questions: Who? What? Where? When? How? | X K x % , In 8 foreword bearing a facsimile |of his fantastic signature. Leopold Stokowski, world famed maestro, says: “The rapid growth of interest in orchestral and operatic music all over | the United States and in all the other countries of the world where the | European system of music is the | musical language makes the new book ' of Charles O'Connell of ever-increas- ing value. | “For those who like to listen to | for those who by necessity or prefer- ‘ence hear symphonic and operatic { music by radio and by records, this | guide. i “In simple language it gives the technical challenge of constitutionality in a year and to find public Works|geciaration of war—the challenge of a hundred times the volume and The salesman who boasts of a high- | speed automobile does nol undertake | i value of the Panama Canal, considered as a whole. is a task. ‘The expenditure of all this money, even if it be appropriated by Congress and placed in the President’s hands, is not necessarily obligatory. Obvi- ously, if private industry should re- vive to the extent that it could give employment to many of the millions of jobless whom the President pro- poses to take from the dole and place when There, indeed, on the pay roll, it would not be necrs-l sary to use the entire sum. The pre- sumption, however, is that most of the money is to be expended. And the further presumption is that the plans for its expenditure are to be in hand quickly. Whatever the agency selected by the President to act for him in handling this public works fund, it will face & job before which the tasks of Her- | cules were a mere nothing. Of course, if this money is to be treated lightly | and as “chicken feed"—heaven save the mark—the whole may be accom- plished’ without a ruffied brow. But if there is to be an honest attempt to obtain honest work and vglue received | for these dollars which will come eventually from the people themselves, there will be many sleepless nights for the man or men to whom the pro- &ram is to be entrusted. ‘The one criticism, voiced opgnly, of the Public Works Administration, un- der the direction of Secretary Ickes, ‘was that it was too slow in getting reaching the Supreme Court for argu- ' ment after the troops had been en- listed. armed, equipped. sent into the | field and were then eugaged in active combat with the enemy. The prac- | tical effects of a decision by the United States Supreme Court uphold- | ing the gold clause staggers the im- ! | 8gination. At .the same time there | | are those who see in the case a test | of the sanctity of contract. which 1s | the foundation stone of all business | relationships. From several cases, four have been i chosen for arguntent in the Supreme | Court. Two of the cases involve rail- road bonds, which guaranteed pay- ment in gold, and which the present holders contend should be paid in money of equivalent value. Oune of the cases has been brought by & Lib- erty bond holder whose bond was called for redemption by the Treasury —in currency, mot of an equal value with that which was borrowed. The fourth case is brought by a holder of gold certificates, who surrendered them to the Treasury under protest ' when such gold certificates were called in and exchanged for the depreciated currency. - i Copgress may regulate money and | currency, of course, and fix its value. | { And it may be possible to show to the satisfaction of the court that the IGovernment faced an emergvncy‘ ]wmch necessitated its action in going | | off gold. Most interest will attach to | | the view taken by the court, however, in repudiation of a “gold clause” ! started. Other .cril,ichnS have been j Which was inserted in most contracts expressed by disappointed political [ as an assurance to those who loaned grafters, but thal was because they | the money that the very thing which to provide & road map showing where the speed can be utilized without ! leading to the calaboose. i e e - The little old Blue Eagle may claim space on- the sports page because of | the fighting birds it has hatched. | " SHOOTING STAES. i BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. i | Paredy. \ "Twas the night before Christmas. The reindeer once more ! Drew near to discourage the wolf at/ the door. | ! We hung up our stockings, expecting to find Relief checks and tools to bring joy | retort of Speaker Tom Reed that the Frank | U. S. A. had become “a billion-dollar = Schenectady. to each mind: And shaving kits neat which would ' help us to use i The wares advertised in the radio! news. l But the Santa Claus policy changed | over night, | of sight, 4 We stood by the mantelpiece, shiver- ing at dawn, And discovered that even the stockings were gone. We heard Tiny Tim saying, “Well, T will be—" | The next word was just an initial; | big “D.” Light-hearted. “Did you go to college in your youth?” “Certainly,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “And you | i still love your alma | spect to the bonus. which prevents even the most lethargic soul from ever feeling bemmed in by anything. Even a trench, under such circum- stances, must seem & rather cozy pro- tection, rather than the crass and dirty wall it really is. Life ordinarily is not that way, even to the professional buz around, all of these happy persons whose innate urge is toward perpetual movement. Most of them do not know that Nature has gifted them beyond the average im the search for happiness. To most persons it is given, rather, to bave alternate periods of activity the entrapped mice, in mouse lam- | oackground of symphonic guage, “One of you stick your paw | music, so that even an inexperienced under the door aud pull it open, let | music lover can undersiand and enjoy he added 32,000,000 on December 10, 1907, and $10,000.000 on January 19. 1911. In addition, the income of a reserve fund of about $3000,000, ac- | cumulated in accardance with the founder’s specifications in 1911, is now available for general use, and there has been a recent addition of $5.000.000 to the endowment fund by grant from the Carnegie Oprp. of New York. The institution was originally organized at the Carnegie Institution, but was reincorporated as the Car- negie Institution of Washington by an act of Congress approved April 28, 1904, Q. Who was Calliope?>—H. R. G A. Calliope was the muse of epic poeury and of knowledge. ihe mother of Orpheus. Q. What does banzai mean?—W. N A It means “may you live 10,000 years,” and is used in saluting the Emperor of Japan and as a battle cry. Q Please give some information about the statue of Martin Luther in Washington, D. C—S. G. She was the others go through, them dart through yourself.” But he couldn’t, and they didn't. May it not be that we humans are often caught in traps wo less surely. as unable to get out, all because we do not use that little extra bit of buman intelhgence which is neces- sary? A little more braius, brotbers. a lit- tle more thinking. and we will be able %0 get out of our troubles, perhaps, by a simpler route than a trip South, or & move to & new job or town. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS - BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. 'it. In reading it his mind and emo- | tions will be stimulated so that his | pleasure in listening to the music afterwards will be greater. | “The parts of this book which tell {of the imaginative and poetic side of wmusic are in themselves a kind of music expressed through words. “One bas the impression that the | suthor feels that music is chiefly a | thing of sensuous pleasure and that, /Do matter how great or small may be the technical knowledge of the | bearer, music should be enjoyed | through the senses and the imagina- tion. “Except in purely program music, the book does not paint pictures or | tell stories about music, but aims to i suggest images and lines of thought | that will give the music lover a point ! | of departure for his own imaginative It's a far cry from the celebrated the brigade is veteran Representative 'fiight. country” to the $8.500,000,000 budget of President Roosevell, witn its pro- spective 1936 deficit of $4,500,000.000 and public debt peak of $34,000,000.- 000. Tall as these figures are, they cause amazingly little excitement or perturbation on Capitol Hill. F. D. R. there is an inclination to think that about as good a financing job as re- covery circumstances at this time per- mit, even though budget-balancing dreams bhave again gone glimmering. ‘What arouses the bitterest opposition among Republicans and some Demo- crats is the President’s request for a lump-sum relief grant subject to his exclusive control. Broadly and | generally, Congress will not upset the budget, except possibly with re- 1f that is en- acted, it is plainly indicated that pro- Crowther, Republican, of * x4 Although Albert C. Ritchie is now back in private life, there are already gestions amoug some of his ad- mirers that 1940 will stil find him available Democratic presidential tim- ber. - Jjust ended his fourth comsecutive gubernatorial term, it will have been "the boss of the New Deal is doing exactly 20 years since the Free State frst presented Rilchie’s name for the presidency—at the San Francisco con- | vention in 1920. Gov. Ritchie will be 64 years old in 1940. His boosters evi- dently don't think Army and Navy re- tirement age applies to politicians. * % % % Three books of interest to Washing- tonians are scheduled for early ap- pearance. A Republican critic of the New Deal, Hoover Secretary of the Treasury, Ogden L. Mills, is the author of a volume entitled “What of Tomor- i 0 i Should Maryland then once more | | having committed himself t0 a WOk gnoing as its favorite son the man who The gifts we expected remained out ' relief program to cost $4,000,000.000. pag vision will bave to be made for the v wherewithal in the form of new taxes. | IOW? t a Once upon a time billion-dollar figures Denmark, is publishing “Leaves From would have staggered Congress, but ' n_Greenhnd Diary.” J. Bdgar Hoover, since the dawn of the New Deal |director of the Division of Investigation of the Department of Justice, has Ruth Bryan Owen, Minister to | less laudable. Mr. Ickes has acted to guard the public works funds from graft. He has insisted upon seeing that neither the Government nor the people who pay the bill were gouged. He has, in short, done a good job for the administration. The Public Works Administration, with its many projects in full swing, is giving employment to many men. The experience obtained in putting this program into effect is, however, clear proof of the vastness of the job of spending four billion dol- | | = | could not obtain money for purposes ' has happened would not happen. The} | | gold clause was a guarantee and it | was repudiated. o No Maryland citizen would consider | a theory that a State sales tax would | benefit the District of Columbia in 1o | | greater degree than the District con- tributes profit to the neighbor State | race tracks. i — e - The New Germany. Those geographical designations with | which the world has so long been lars in a year without throwing it AWAY Or worse. familiar in connection with Germany are about to be wiped off the map. y ‘sum like Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Science has much to say in favor Wuerttemberg, Baden, Thuringia, of vivisection. It may be necessary | Hesse, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Olden- in some degree, but no amount of | burg, Brunswick and otber more or eloquence will make it popular. less independent political units that Z i 8 survived the World War are now to Railroad Wrecks in Russia, be formally snuffed out of existence Report comes of a grave railroad | and welded into one highly cemtral- #ccident in Russia, a rear-end col- |ized and “co-ordinated” Nazi Reich. lision of two express trains be- Action to this end will be taken by tween Levingrad and Moscow, in|the all-Nazi Reichstag which will be which, according to an official bulletin, | convened in Berlin on January 30 to “many passengers were victims.” | commemorate the second anniversary ‘Three cars were burned in the wreck [ of Herr Hitler's elevation to the and work of clearing the tracks re- | chancellorship. Under the new law quired thirteen hours. This is the lat- | then to be enacted and promulgated est of a series of such catastrophes in | Germany will be divided into twenty recent months. Last March four seri- | districts or territories with a popula- ous disasters occurred. This “epidemic” | tion of 3,000,000 to 4,000,000 each. of wrecks caused a drastic visitation of | Their respective borders will conform, punishments upon all officials and | as far as possible, to the allocation of train hands who might have been lax | Reichswehr unmits, which have just in their service, the worst offenders | been designated as the supreme mili- being put to death and others sen- | tary force of the nation, with definite tenced to long terms of imprisonment. | superiority in rank over the Nazi [Yet these measures did not check the | storm troops and the hitherto highly mishaps on the rail lines. The com- | privileged special Hitler guard known missar of railways told the Communist | 8s tbe Schutz-Staffel. party congress at its latest annual| State lines of the pre-war, Hohen- session. that the roads lacked a proper | zollern era have, for all practical ur- modern system of signaling and|poses, been obliterated since the blocking, cazs were still equipped with | Nazis’ accession to power. Berlin has old hand brakes and rolling stock | ruled everywhere. While the proposed eould not be kept in repair, while |new politico-geographical set-up will Qiscipline. and organisation were un- this. centralized authority and mater?” i “Yes. But the old girl is getting | frivolous and is liable to pay more at- tention to a handsome foot ball coach than she pays to a dignified profes- sor.” Jud Tunkins says he hasn't seen the N. R. A. get far enough along to make a bootlegger show up his pay roll. Rehearsals. The Justices, who with their learn- ing so great The guidance we need must be giv- ing Concerning all problems that puzzie the State, Including the high cosb of living, Must look in the books to discover a way To be our sagacious protectors. And teach what collectors to debtors can say, And what debtors can say to col- lectors. Reason Enough. “Why did you never marry?” “I never had time,” answered Miss Cayenne. “I have been too busy sym- pathizing with women who did.” “I am often compelled to avoid my friends,” said Hi Ho,.the sage of Chinatown, “lest my showy neighbor, Hi Hat, break into & conversation and | try to steal them.” Willion. What's & billion? Just a word ‘Which without a fear is heard. Surely it would be no fun = Counting dollars, one by one, In the daylight or the dark Till we reached the billion mark. Here's the easiest thing to do, Write it on an IOU, t “De friendless man has one little | advantage,” said Uncle Eben. don’t get no bips om Do Xeces.” they've come to be looked upon as all in the day's work. Attempts to tam- per with the Roosevelt budget are likely to be efforts to raise, rather than reduce, the grand total. * X ¥ ¥ Members of Congress generally put put into their Congressional Directory autobiographies the things of which they are proudest. Senator Morris Sheppard, author of the eighteenth | amendment, emphasizes that he is the | dean of Congress by virtue of having a longer continuous service than that of any other living member. It be- gan whem he eatered the House of Representatives in 1902 to fill the un- expired term of his late father. An- written the foreword to a book called | “Ten Thousand Public Enemies,” by Courtney Ryley Cooper. * * X x | Hampson Gary, who has just re- signed as a member of the Federal Communications Commission, is slated | for another important New Deal ap- | pointment. The assignment of the | Texan to the F. C. C. last year was understood at the time to be only | temporary. During his brief tenure | Mr. Gary made a notable record as | chairman of the radio division | mastering the intricacies of the broad- | casting field with a rapidity and com- pleteness that aroused widespread “This book is equally interesting | and illuminating to the professional | musician as to tbe music lover who has not yet had the opportunity of studying the nature of music tech- nically, but whose pleasure in listen- /ing to music will be increased if his | imagination and emotions are pre- |pared and stimulated by some one who approaches musie as directly (and yet as profoundly as Charles O’'Connell.” | * % %8 The proof of Mr. Stokowski's opin- | | ion of the book is in the reading. In addition to the glowing tribute he | pays to the work of Mr. O'Connell, it | also exercises that compelling power | of fascination peculiar to all superior | books of knowledge. | More than two hundred and forty | orchestral selections are included im the volume, with the spiritual and | technical significance of each ol given full and concise interpretation in simple terms and phrases that command immediate understanding. They represent the genius of nearly | seventy of the world’s great com- | posers, ranging from Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Hadyn, Wagner, Dvorak, ‘Tschaikowsky, Schubert, Mendelssohn iand other giants of inspirational | music whose creations have became | immortal, to Sibelius, de Falla, Bloch, | Szostakowicz and others who are living in the present age. An interesting section in the first part of the book is devoted to an ex- position on the modern symphony orchestra and its instrumental com- ponents, with full descriptions and ! illustrations of the imstruments and how and why they are used. Another chapter deals with the modern phon- ograph and radio and the influence which the development of mechanical transmission of music has exerted upon the inventive genius of the en- gineers and technicians who are un- other Texan, Representative Nat Pat- | commendation. He is a former member | C€8singly at work upon the perfection ton, Democrat, recently elected to his first term, records that he was born in a log cabin. Senator Norbeck of South Dakota describes himself as a “Theo- dore Roosevelt Republican.” Repre- sentative Arthur W. Mitchell, Demo- | | of the diploma by profession. i x % %X % Huey Long, as usual, tic service and a lawyer played to standing room only in the Senate thh[ | of these sensitive instruments for the ! reproduction of sound. There are por- | traits of & number of eminent com- | posers, and also of some of the fa- mous conductors in America, includ- ing Leopold Stokowski, Arturo Tos- crat, of Tllinois, now the only colored | Week, when he defended the Louisiana | canini, Serge Koussevitsky, Walter member of Congress, narrates that he | “dictatorship” against the onslaughts | Damrosch, Eugene Ormandy, Ossip walked 66 miles from his native coun- ty in Alabama to begin his education at Tuskegee Institute. Representative Josh Lee, Democrat, newly elected from Oklahoma, discloses that he was christened Joshua and later given the middle name of Bryan after the great commeoner. He lived up to it by win- ning the national collegiate oratorical championship in 1916 while majoring in forensics at the University of Okla- homa. * X Xx X Soviet-American trade and debt ne- gotiations are expected to march rap- idly at the end of January upon the return to Washington of Ambassador Troyanovsky with fresh instructions from the Moscow government. The Ambassador was due at Honolulu this week from his journey across the Pa- cificc. Mme. Troyanovsky and their son went to Hawaii to meet him. State Department negotiations with the Soviet are in charge of Assistant Sec- retary of State R. Walton Moore. * kX * New York is the “top” so far as medical representation in Congress is concerned. The State delega- tion now contains three physicians and a dentist, The M. D.'s are Sen- ator Copeland, Democrat; Representa- tive Sirovich and newly-elected Rep- | "“Lrv._-enuuve Joseph L. Pfeifer, all Representatives. | of its detractors ia Washington. The Kingfish was at the top of his form, much to the edification of the crowded galleries, but in the opinion of many auditors rather spoiled his show by talking too long. His remarks occupy about twice as much space in the Congressional Record as the Presi- dent’s budget message. For the most part Long held the close attention of & floor full of brother Senators. But Senetor Bailey, Democrat, of North Carolina was the only one who thought it worth while to intervene with any sort of a rebuttal. Bailey arose merely to refute the charge that the North Carolina delegation had “run out” on the plan to break the two-thirds convention rule at Chicago in 1932. He quietly observed that the delegation did not “rum out” Recause it had never “run in.” * X X K With the attival of Senator James E. Murray, Pemocrat, of Montana, the “British bloc” in the Senate now totals three. The others are Semators Cou- zens of Michigen, native of Canada, and Davis of Pennsylvania, who was born in Wales. The new member from Montana, like Mr. Cougens, first saw the light of day in Ontario. A son of Scotland, Rebert Crosser of ©Ohio, is a member of the House of «Qopsright. 18352 Gabrilowitsch, Frederick Stock and Artur Rodzinski. Each chapter is headed with an encyclopedic biographical sketch of the composer, and all of the more im- portant symphonies are profusely il- lustrated with material from the scores themselves. There is also 8 compre- hensive glossary of musical terms and phrases. For the millions of people who have never seen & symphony orchestra, as well as for the lesser number who frequent the concert halls and acade- mies of music, this book by Charles ©O'Connell is a welcome contribution and an invaluable guide 9 a deeper understanding and ‘more intelligent appreciation of great music, which modern science has carried alike into the lowly, remote cabim and the pala- tial home of the wezalth. No Thrills Left. Prom the Columbus (Ohio) Citiaen. Considering all that has bappened, it's hard to elieve that 1935 can offer any new experiences. ————y————— Just Made it, From the Boston Evening Franserit. A albino frog was discavered the other day in Leningrad. It got under the Communist wire by the scant mar- §ia of a pals of DRk eyes. l l i A. The statue of Martin Luther stands in front of Luther Memorial | Chureh at Thomas Circle. bronze, cast by Reitschel, and is a | copy of the original in Warms, Ger- many. It was erected in Washington in 1884, in commemoration of the birth of Luther. The cost, including pedestal, was $10,000, and a memorial association was created to care for it. Q. Are any of the old inns of Salem Mass., in existence?—F. T. A. None remains. It is in! Q. When was the first ferry to Long any question of fact by writing The | Island operated’—H. 1. Washington Evening Star Information | Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Direcior, | Please iuclose | A. In 1642, Q. What is the Trudgen stroke in swimming?—C. R. | _A. This stroke was introduced in England in 1873 by John Trudgen and | was considered, before the advent of | the crawl, the fastest stroke. It con= sists of alternate overhand arm move- ments and & frog kick similar to that | used in the breast stroke. Q. Is green cotton grown comymer- cially in the United States—R. M. W. A, The Bureau of Plan® Industry says that varigties of cotton producing colared fiber are considered merely novelties in the United States and that they have no commercial value, A variety of cotton with greenish lin- ters, sometimes known as “Texas wool,” has been brought to the atten- tion of the bureau by farmers inter- ested in its possible value. The green- ish color is natural. but is due merely to & chance variation. Such cotton has no market. Q. Who is Giulia Bustabo?—R. T. A. She is a young American vio- linist who recently appeared in Lon- don with Gigli. She was discovered at the age of 4 by Kreisler. Q. How is the water mark put into paper?—T. J. | A. When the pulp is ready to be made into paper it is poured out upon an endless cloth made of fine brass wire. This cloth travels constantly in one direction by means of rollers and is given at the same time a sort of vibratory motion to cause the paper fibers to become more closely felted together On the wire cloth web are woven words or designs in wire that rise above the rest of the surface. These words or designs are transe ferred to the paper, making what are called water mark: Q. Is a house which Is painted a dark color hotter than one painted vellow or white?>—C. C. A. Tt is when the sun shines upon it. Dark colors permit more heat pen=~ etration than light colors do. Q What did Shakespeare study in grammar school’—E. R. A. Shakespeare probably entered the Stratford Grammar School at the age of 7 and continued there until he was nearly i4. The typical course in schools of that period consisted principally of various Latin authors. One school in 1583 had 25 Latin books on its list of studies, while the only required works in English were the Catechism, Psalter, Book of Common Prayer, and New Testament. Lilly's Latin grammar was studied instead of the mother tongue. Among the works that Shakespeare probably read in Latin were Aesop’s Fables and Ovid's Metamorphoses. Q. Are any lichens of value to man?—T. D. A. Several species of lichens are of economic importance. yielding dyes and foodstuffs. Iceland moss is edible, vielding a mutritious jelly. Reindeer moss is the principal food of the Lap- land reindeer in the Winter. Archil, a violet dye. is obtained from Roccella tinctoria, Roccella fuciformis, and Lecanora tartarea. Litmus, also a dyo- stuff. is obtained from these lichens by exposure to the air in the prese ence of ammonia, potassium carbone ate, etc. Q. Can water freeze above 32 dee gress>—W. H A. Rain falling on airplanes freezes at a rapid rate at temperatures con- | siderably above 32 degrees. A step toward modernized national defense is welcomed by the press in the United States Army's centraliza- tion of command for the aviation branch of that service. An equivalent of nearly a thousand planes, dis- tributed at three regional division points, the whole under direction of the general staff, with Lieut. Col Frank M. Andrews as commander, is the Army's air force at the outset of the reorganization. “Ceatraliza- tion, as well as expansion, is the aim,” says the Long Beach (Calif.) Press-Telegram. “The Pacific Coast has large interest in this develop- ment. The first of three main wings for the Nation as a whole will be based at Hamilton Field, near San Rafael. with 8 bombardment group at Rockwell Field. San Diego, and an attack group at March Field, River- side. Placement of the main wings in Virginia, Texas and California is 2 logical distribution. Especially with subgroups at other points, every part of the coasts of the United States may be covered by the air forces of the Army within a very short time. Now supplement this excellent s rangement by increasing numbers of powerful, speedy planes. Then criti- cisms of the inadequacy of air de- fense will cease.” “The plan tends.” according to the Rochester Times-Union, “to meet the arguments of those who contend that the air arm of the defense estab- lishment should be a separate unit.” The Times-Union adds that present state of aircraft development exactly suits the defense require- ments of the United States.” The Pittsburgh Post-Gazeite recognizes that “modernization of this country’s military establishment really begins with organization of the General Headquarters Air Force,” and that paper concludes: “High mobility is the special advantage claimed for this new set-up. The commander of the force, Lieut. Col. Frank M. Andrews, will work from operating headquarters at Langley Field, Va.—‘away from Washington,' as the Baker board recommended—and elements at the various Army fields will be under his orders. Swift concentration of forces, an eminently desirable ability, will be easy.” “Until now,” it is pointed out by the New Haven Journal-Courier, “the ‘elements which go to make up the air force' have been dispersed about the country under the commanding | generals of nine corps areas.” The Schenectady (N. Y.) Gazette declares that “battle planes can now be shifted almost overnight from one section ta the other.” The Buffalo Times feels that the plan “should strengthen this army of defense and give it a chance to develop.” Dayton (Ohio) Herald states that “although there seems listle likelihood that unifica- tion of our air services will be un- dertaken, a greater degree of co- ordinatien is in order.” “The change is @ significant ad- vance” says the Indianapolis News. “Whether this will meet the objec- tions of the faction that desires a single air defense force can not be foretold, for the War Department has not said that this group was con- sulted. The mew force detall falls short of their demand in that it merely unifies the Army aviation arm. They wish to combine the whole air de- fense, including the Army, Navy snd Marine Corps. However, the change is an interesting concession on the part of higher staff officers. Sinee the war they bave revised their views. finified Army Air Commandr Step Toward Modern Defense “the | . Their first opinion was that the air force should be devoted principally to the service of ground troops and placed under the command of infan- try division leaders, with some squad= rons assigned to headquarters and | Army commanders. The development, both abroad and in the United States, | bas, however, been toward larger forces and a separate command.” “The G. H. Q. Air Force,” remarks | the San Antonio Express, “will begin | work with about 900 planes of various categories. That array should be sup- plemented by 600 observation planes | assigned to field armies, the National Guard and coast defense within this | country. Adequate air protection of Hawaii, Alaska, the Philippines, Puerto Rico. the Virgin Islands and the Canal Zone requires at least 600 | additional ships. The total (2320 planes) now proposed for the Air Corps may not be sufficient. consider- | ing the needs of its schools, depots | and other activities. Congress should | bring the Air Corps up to the author- | ized strength—2.200 officers and 15,000 | enlisted men. It also should speed up the procurement program, so that this country shall not again fall be- | hind in defense plans.” | “It would be extremely unwise to | take any chances of being caught nap= | ping,” advises the McKeesport (Pa.) Daily News, while the Cheyenne Wy~ oming State Journal asks for 10 times | & thousand planes and thinks “20,- 000 would be better.” | Preposterous Suggestion. | From the Canton (Ohio) Repository. It's diffieult to believe a Senator could have such a fine sense of humor, but there's a rumor that Sen- ator Gerald P. Nye has a resolution providing that in event of war a fourth of the congressional member- ship shall be drafted. with congres- sional status and pay suspended. Congressmen voting against the decla- ration of war, however, would be exe Imagine their embarrassment! If all governments which still make a pretense of letting the people's rep- resentatives vote for something were to do the same thing, the world would | become unbearably quiet and serene. | The man who could make a war would be greeted as a benefactor. But, as usual, the “if” is too big to be hurdled. One thinks of a similar suggestion made many years ago by some bril- liant thinker and repeated many times since. It ran to the effect that international disputes should be set- tled by kings, dictators. emperors, | presidents and the like in hand-to- hand combat. Each nation would bave its professional fighter—a Go- liath or perhaps s David. When war was declared, there would be a day set for the fighting of it. There would be no expense. On the centrary, tickets could be sold and the proceeds used to buy swards, adhesive tape and morticians’' serv- ices. A preposterous suggestion—al- most preposterous enough to be taken seriously. ——a— Success. Prom the Saginaw Daily News. The Chicago Opera Co. is con- sidered highly successful because it lost only $75,000 during the last sea« son. At that rate the number of suc- cessful men in tnis country during the last five years has been practically \ uplimited,