Evening Star Newspaper, June 29, 1933, Page 8

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*THE EVENING- STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. ..June 29, 1983 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: h and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Building. European Office: 14 Regent St. London. Enxland. Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening Star_.. .45¢ per month The Evening and Sun - r‘oc TR it ¥ 517 e5c ver month The Sunday Star. . éol!:c‘)o‘n made at the end of rders may be sent in by mail or telepl Ational 5000. each month. hone Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daifly and Sunday....1yr., $10.00 Daily only . Sunday only Al Other States l;l‘dz OCHII:IH& e v nday...1yr. : 1mo. B:{-};, ::?1? .Smd" 13r: 'sg00i 1mo. 15¢ Sunday only . yr. $5.00; 1mo. 50c Member of the Assoclated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- patches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ited in this paper and also the local news lished herein. All rights of publication of dispatches herein are also reserved. The District’s “Recovery” Program. In asking the Federal administrator of public works for grants under the national recovery act to finance needed projects in the District of Columbia the Commisisoners have pursued & policy that s not only jus fied by the terms of the act, which specifically in- cluded the District with the States within the range of its operations, but is demanded by the needs of the Na- tional Capital. Some thirty works of mprovement and equipment are in- cluded in the list submitted, all of them required, some of them being arrears of construction and some in provision for assured needs in the near future. The Capital has had a previous ex- perience in the accumulation of neces- sities of equipment due to stringency of revenues. During the war, when local appropriations were greatly reduced to adjust to the national necessities, ré- quired construction works were aban- doned or postponed, especially sch()oli buildings. The District was seriously set back in its development and upkeep, and indeed has not even yet recovered from that emergency limitation. Some of the projects now proposed for under- | taking on the basis of advances under the national recovery act and in an- ticipation of future District revenues are relics of this preceding period of stringency. The entire project proposed by the Commissicrers should be undertaken. To do so would be to give the District an adequate equipment for the fi in many years—indeed, perhaps fer all time. Foremost in the list of works for which the Ccmi vances under the recovery act is the Municipal Center, undertaken by direc- tion of Congress on a scale required by National Capital making standards and suspended by congressional limitation. The District’s own headquarters build- ing, located within the area pre-empted for Federal constructions, was doomed to abandonment by the District. Other provisions for an administrative center were necessary and were planned on a scale that in equity called for special Federal assistance, instead of which, however, the Federal contribution to the upkeep of the Capital municipality was reduced. This item. therefore, has par- ticularly appropriate place in the list of works to be acdvanced under the national recovery act These projects proposed by the Com- ers for development on the basis ts amounting to $22,716,500 in- schools, branch libra- ries, & new jail, a new morgue, addi- buildings for the Zoological Park, extension of the sewer system and a new fire en essary. Also requisite are a contagious disease ward for the municipal hospital, a junior and a major high school, a new bridge at the Calvert street crossing of Rock Creek. Every one of these works represents arrears left by appropriation defici of the past. All of them should have been undertaken long ago. For e ple, the Calvert Street Bridge has been rated as a work of necessity for v years. The District jail, long since outgrown and outmoded in equip- ment, should have been replaced with a new structure as lcng ago. There has been nced of a contagious disease ward at Gall institution” was establ needs represent=d b buildings listed in t Commissioners’ requisition should have been provided at least five years ago, and will be filled immediately up:n compieticn. It may be doubted if any other com- munity in this country can make more justified appeal for assistance through the national recovery act. The District was specifically included among the benefict: this legislation. Its 1d be granted. ished. The school the two major Candid announcement of what his wviews will be should help to simplify the sk of Prof. Moley in London. oo The New Taxes. M d wemen of smail and mod- erate incomes in this country wiil be grateful to Senator Pat Harrison of Mississippi, chairman of the Senat finance committee. The Mississippi Senator, after he had been confronted with the House industrial recovery bill proposing to increase the normal in- come tax rates along with other tax | features, wrote out a tax plan of his own. This tax plan, which has now been written into law, struck out en- tirely the proposed inerease in the normal inccme tax rates and also lowered materially the federal tax on gasoline which was carried in House bill. The increases proposed by the House in the normal Income tax rates were not only heavy but would have fallen with much force upon the people of small means. For it was proposed to increase the rate on the first $4,000 of taxable income, or any part of it, from four per cent to six per cent; upon the second $4.000 of taxable income or eny part of it, from eight to ten per.cent. ‘The House plan for raising the $220,- 000,000 additicnal revenue, needed to finance the public works program, adopted by a subsiantial vote in that body followng a dismal fafture of the proposed manufacturers’ sales tax sub- « stitute, seemed destined to become part of the law. It is true that opponents of the increases in the normal income tax rates were rallying in the Senate L) ! Committee and in the Senate itself to a manufacturers’ sales tax. In view of the action of the House, and in view of the sentiment in the Senate against the sales tax, there was extreme doubt that the sales tax could have been substi- tuted finally for the House tax plan. At this point Senator Harrison came for- ward with his own tax plan. He avoided in his plan the Scylla of increased nor- mal income tax rates and the Charyb- dis of the sales tax. It was as clever a maneuver and as effective s has been observed in legislative halls in a long time. In the Senate Finance Committee, although proponents of the sales tax put up a strong fight and were defeated by a vote of only ten to nine, the Harrison tax plan was accepted almost without change. It passed the Senate itself in Jig time. ‘And when the industrial re- covery bill went to conference the House conferees swallowed the Harrison tax program hook, line and sinker, so well did they think of it as compared with their own taxes. Undoubtedly through the quickness and wisdom of the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee in dealing with the vexed tax problem it was possible to bring about final action on the industrial recovery bill several days earlier than might have been the case had an effort been made to stick to the House taxes. Senator Harrison has never been a convert to the prcposed manufacturers’ sales tax. Whether the Mississippi Senator will see the wisdom of adopt- ing that form of taxation as a substi- tute for the present high normal income tax rates and many of the high so-called | excise taxes on special industries, which, | after all, are merely sales taxes, the future alone will determine. At any rate, he saw quickly the injustice of clapping higher income taxes on the people of small means and was able to draft a much more fair tax program than had been produced by the House Ways and Means Committee. When lt: comes time to file returns and to pay| the income taxes on incomes derived in 1933 the taxpayers may pay their '.ribuwy to Mr. Harrison. - Do Not Despair! Only such individuals as are bank- rupt of human sympathy can be indif- ferent to the plight of the thousands of Government employes who, as the fiscal vear draws to a close, are overwhelmed with anxiety as to their future. Surely, the great majority of the people in | Washington must be deeply touched by the spectacle of their distress. Changes, of course, were implied all through the campaign of last year. | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY, JUNE 29, 1933. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. held by one of them, Mr. Jack Sharkey of Boston, who will defend the title against Signor Primo Carnera of Italy, sometimes known, because of his pro- diglous hulk and bulk, as the Milanese Mountain. As & pugilistic contest the event arouses no particular interest or ex- citement. The record of neither glad- iator is especially impressive, nor does the personality of either title \holder or challenger arouse the enthusiasm of the sporting world. Both Sharkey and Carnera utterly lack the “it” which made Jack Dempsey, in victory and defeat alike, a good deal of a popular idol. What is significant about the fisti- cuffs of tonight is the undeniable evi- dence that the “caulifiower industry,” 8s Grantland Rice has immortally dubbed it, has had a rebirth in this country after several years of slump and disrepute. The Sharkey-Carnera match is the second important heavy- weight fight to be held in New York City this month. Only three weeks ago, on June 8, the Baer-Schmeling contest drew a gate of more than $250,000 and 65,000 pald admissions to the Yankee Stadium. This evening's affray is not likely to roll up such figures, because the magnetic Dempsey is not its entrepreneur, as he was for the other, but a great attendance is assured, nevertheless. The winner is to be matched against Baer for still an- other world championship struggle. All of which seems to indicate that Old Man Depression is incapable of keep- ing the turnstiles from clicking in golden unison when an exhibition of Anglo-Saxondom’s century-old “manly art” is the attraction and top-notchers are staging it. Mussolini’s colossal compatriot, with his 260 pounds of beef and brawn and six feet and six and a half inches of stature, is the most ponderous thing in the way of a heavyweight ever to contend for the champion’s crown. America’s Mr. Sharkey will have plenty of target at which to launch his cuts and jabs. May the best man win, and Italo- American amity survive his trilumphant blows. ———————— The Fourth of July is at hand and the strange inclination of human nature to obey general impulse will be mani- fest. No one cares much for small fire- works before the Fourth or after. Every- body feels an urge to assert his share in the noise and glitter. e By establishing a reputation as a sincere patron of art Mr. Otto Kahn has one point of reliance on popular time | issioners now ask ad-| They were inevitable following Presi- | esteem Which no disclosures as to dent Roosevelt's election, for reforms | Participation in the customs of inter- and economies were among the pledges | national finance can disturb. which he made in his endeavor to win = e | the favor of the voters. Normally, those| The Senator who threatened to throw men and women in Federal service who |a water pitcher at a witness mistook had reason to anticipate dismissal would | the spirit of the time. The popular idea i have been able to prepare for the fatal |at present is not the brandished pitcher, cr Hospital ever since that | the i v when they would be released. Many | would have been successful in obtain- | ing new employment; many would have been in positicn to save something from { their salaries for the period during| which they would be mak'ng the neces- | sary adjustments. But because of the | depression most of them have failed to | find other work and have been power- less to lay by any savings commensurate with their need. They, therefore, face the prospect of enforced idleness with horror bred of the consciousness that they are unprotected against its threats. | The ccmmunity of which they are part |cannst be unmindful of the agony| | through which they have been passing. | Its effects have been felt throughout the | Nation, but particularly in the Capital| have they been manifested. There can | | be 10 question about the tragic innu-‘ |ence which the long uncertainty has | exerted upon the eccnomic life of the city, nor can there be any doubt about | e house. All of these arenec- | the sad reaction which the final blow | Was Dot too easy. will cause. But there is no advantage to any one |in making a fetish of despair. Those | familiar with the history of their coun- |try know that there have been other i occasions when political changes brought | | equally drastic alterations in Govern- | | ment policy and resulted in equally | lpoitmant transitions. They must realize | that invariably each individual finds a solution for his problem, new oppor- tunities, new rewards. A season of trial |and suffering there may be, but even- tually the sun emerges from the clouds | and life, disciplined by the ordeal, goes on. There are numerous indications | | that the present slump is being liqui- | dated, and there is reason to believe that the vast majority of its victims soon may be emancipated from its toils. Much depends upon President Roose- velt's ability to control events. He knows that slashing right and left with- | out regard for consequences would cost | the Government much in terms of de- creased efficicncy, increased expense and extravagant confusion. He knows |also that such a policy would have deleterious political effects. Too wise, es his friends believe, to be willing to risk the dangers of mistakes of that kind, he will resist the pressure of per- sons and groups more directly concerned with spoils than with justice. Surely, he will wish to retain in Government | service all who have merited Federal | employment. Tt is logical, then, to hope that many who now ere being dis- charged or furloughed may be recalled durirg the next few months. At least, the die will be cast and those scheduled to be dismissed wiil know their fate. For those definitely dropped the return of prosperity will | signify relief. Let them be of good heart. They hgve friends who will not abandon them while they courageously struggle to find new means of livelihood. The American people are not savages, can- nibalis | the contrary, their record proves that i | they are brothers in fact as well as in ically devouring each other. On | but the stein on the table. ‘Wheat is now seHing for $1.06 per bushel. Computation is due as to whether more expensive wheat will as- sist in getting people out of the bread | line before election day. —— e Economic theorists who insisted that wheat, rather than gold or silver, should be the money standard may, as they read the news from the Chicago Board of Trade, take new courage. ) One difference between plain business and diplomacy is that business can de- pend in a large degree on form letters saying, “Dear Sir: Your account is over- due. Please remit.” ———— The vote against prohibition may welcome a little asscrtion of dry senti- ment if only to prove that the victory ———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Achievement. Our Congressman has doné his best The Nation's ear to reach. It is admitted East and West He made a splendid speech. His voice re-echoed to the skies And 'mid the thunderous roar He made more arguments arise ‘Than there had been before. ‘The base ball game again we see Upon the old town lot. Our Congressman appears to be At present quite forgot. ‘Thus patriotism we neglect. In the award of fame And our applause again direct Unto the base ball game. Eloquence. “Does an eloguent statesman have to tell all he knows?" “Not exactly,” answered Senator Sorghum. “And it sometimes happens accidentally that he doesn't know all he tells.” Jud Tunkins says maybe he's preju- diced by indigestion, but when he says dogs are man's faithful friends ke doesn't mean to include “hot dogs.” Standards of Value. ‘How much, in dollars,” we demand. “Will wheat be worth throughout the land?” Next we inquire with care complete, “How much are collars worth in wheat?” Books That Helped Him. “What books have helped you most?” asked the interviewer. “Crime stories and scandal,” an- ' swered Mr. Dustin Stax. “You see, I | was in the book selling business when I first began to be prosperous.” “Even one who cheats,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “must trust to luck and hope that chance will not lead to discovery.” The “Cause” and the Effect. democratic theory. ——r———————— Discharge of women because they have husbands will bring up a new angle in the old cynical inquiry as to whether marriage is a failure. ———o—s Italy vs. America. While sixty-six nations continue to spar for openings and maneuver for position and decision around the con- ference table in London, a two-power controversy is to be fought out in a twenty-four-foot ring on Manhattan Island tonight. It is Italy vs. the United States, and their protagonists are their respective heavyweight champions, who An orator won great applause ‘When he was shouting for “the cause.” He turned, when the campaign was through, From politics to pastures new. The leadership he had advised Brought some results deemed ill advised. He boomed “the cause.” But the effect He leaves in silence to neglect. “Advice wouldn't be handed around near so free,” sald Uncle Eben, “if it will decide before the evening is over the championship of the world, now was worth ten cents & bunch in cash, same as lettuce or beets.” N A correspondent sends a clipping re- counting the tale of a discharged pris- oner who got himself sent back to jail in order to take care of the institu- tion’s flower garden, of which he had been gardener. No one else, he felt, could take care of it properly. It is a feeling withywhich every home gardener can sympathize. It arises, not because one feels that he is a superior gardener, in any sense, but mostly be- cause he realizes that he knows his garden better than any one else. Every plant becomes a personal thing, to be treated not only as a growing unit in a collection, but also with the un- derstanding which individual knowl- edge brings. It might be a great and glorious feel- ing, to have so many plants, such a large tract of land, that one utterly could not know his specimens as such, but only as members of an aggregation. No doubt the wheat farmer, gazing over his acres, experiences a certain sense of relief, perhaps, in treating his wheat plants in the mass. * K K ok ‘The home gardener, however, will have no such sensation. For good or ill, he must know what he has, whether their present state worrles him or not. He must know every plant, every shrub, almost every grass blade in his small domain. It is this personal knowledge which sets him apart. Sometimes he will wonder if he makes the most of it, if his offerings to the world of beauty show any particular gain because of it. i * % %k an intimate knowledge of what he does which is denied to the cultivator on a larger scale, His specimens become pets, as it were, to be treasured for the interest and happiness they have in life, as well bring to the owner. To some it may seem & stretch of words to speak of plants knowing in- terest and happiness. Yet surely well grown flowers, shrubs, or trees, growing in sun and shade, under the influence of heat and moisture, must be inter- ested, in a dull, vegetable way. in what ‘t’he{t are doing, else they could not o 1t. The very fact that they respond to these influences proves to some of us that they take a real, if semi-insensible interest, in what they are doing, that if they do it well they know plant hap- piness. * x ok There is failure in the garden, and we suspect that plants know it, and in their way are quite as downcast as the gardener. less victims of those who are supposed is well meaning but ignorant, and this often enough, far too often, when he really knows better. It is here that a false optimism plays its most fatal role. “Oh, it will get all iright. I'm not going to spray it yet awhile.” Days go by. the gardener knows all the time that he ought to do something about it, but he never does, and one morning he realizes his plant is dead. TR This is the darker side of individual knowledge of plants. The brighter aspect comes in the care which can be given, and which most {often is given to those things which really need it. An outsider, even with the best in- | tentions, would not know one plant | from another, and thus would overlook OLHA DA MANHA, Sao Paulo— Although there has been in the past a certain sentiment against 1 the investment of foreign capital in_ Brazil, such prejudices are rarely well founded. We owe much of jour development to the assistance of | European and North American capital- |1sts who have supplied us with money | and materials, and employed our native ~/labor in retrieving rich opportunities afforded by our great territory, with all |its natural wealth, which otherwise | would have been either lost completely or obtained only at an epoch far remote from that in which we now enjoy ex- istence. So far, in our international dealings and relations, we have realized the greater part of the reciprocal benefits thereby made available. The United States, especially, has shown itself friendly and co-operative. They pu chase our products far more than other country, and sell to us much les than they buy, thus conferring double | advantage to our trading account. P | Ice ‘Trust’ Accused Of Keeping Prices Up. La Opinion, Santo Domingo.— The price of ice ascends to the clouds! We don't say that this indispensable in our climate is controlled by a monopoly. or that the whole market is in the hands of a single producer, but it is very evi- dent that there exists a “trust,” which is what they call. in North America, any combination of firms in the same busi- ness. Such a combination, by common action and zgreement, strives to make the largest profits possible for each party in the group by fixing prices at as high a level as possible, and requir- ing each of its affiliations to sell only on these inflated terms. ‘ It is a mutual, understanding such as this which makes the price of ice so high in Santo Domingo. One wouid imagine from its cost that the com- modity was imported all the way from the North Pole, instead of manufac- tured right here in the capital. We should like very much to know the reason for this abuse of our inter- ests. No one objects to any commercial enterprise making a profit on its goods |and services, but protests are certainly orbitant and beyond all reason. It Is natural, therefore, that complainis should be repeatedly made about ice costing more than ever, while coinci- dent with this development there has been continued retrogression in the ex- penses of manufacture. ‘In the days when electric current cost much more, when the wages of workmen were far higher, and when. money generally was pared with the price asked for it now. It is impossible, therefore, to arrive at any other conclusion than that the local sales of this product are controlled by a “trust.” Ice is cheaper in every city of the country than here. In San Pedro de |Macoris and in San Francisco de | Macoris we have seen it advertised for |50 centavos a quintal (hundredweight). | Here, the cost is almost twice a5 much, | which prompts us to ask whether the product for local consumption is im- ported from the Arctic, or possibly some rare variety obtained in the United States, whence all our ice was obtained some 50 years ago? The rates on an article of such universal consumption among our populace should be carefully investigated by competent authority, and, if found to be Without "warranty or jtification, should be relegated o new scales of wholesale and velail tariffs. * % ok ok Health Drive Urged For Egyptian Peasants. Editor: The Arabic press is very con- cerned about the increase of typhus in Egypt, which, owing to the prevalence of poverty and dirt, may become quite alarming. I pointed out in my last let- ter the necessity of putting sugar with- in the buyigg power of the fellah (peas- ant) and now- I give & few suggestio For better or worse, however, he has as for the interest and happiness they | ‘They are, like other pets, such help- | to take care of them. Often the owner | High Lights on the Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands justified when these profits are ex- | far more abundant, ice was cheap, com- | what ought to be done, or do what ought not to be déne. No attention at all, in many cases, is far better thap the attentions of a bungler. This’is proved by vaca- tion periods, during which a garden gets along very nicely, if there has been adequate rainfall, well distributed, during the period. Here a little plant, there a little plant—who but the gardener who put them there would recoghize them again? Or know why they were so placed? IR Garden schemes and plans form slowly in some garden minds. ‘They have a way of cropping up :;en before the gardener is aware of em. After & while he realizes that he is pursuing a design which seems to have grown out of thin air, but it has not, it has come from his own interest, and the habits of the growing things themselves. 2 Thus a garden is a partnership, man on one side, plants on the other, each working with interest toward happi- n ess. ‘The fine thing about this association is that what is happiness for the plants is happiness for the gardener. The growth which interests them (withoyt stretch of language) is the chief interest of the grower. * K k¥ A stranger to the garden, no matter how small or unpretentious it is, will not be in close touch enough with it to be in sympathy with it. And sympathy, there as elsewhere, is the finest flower of all. It is built on_intimate knowledge and a desire | to help. More of it should be displayed | in all walks of life. In the garden it is particularly necessary to keep up the interest of the gardener in specimens which, to others, might seem small and mean. The world has gone so far toward the idea of display, in all lines, that a tendency has crept over many human beings to belittle the little, when the small, after all, is often the largest in importance, i »xoxx ‘The small plant in the small garden may be precious to the gardener, for reasons which he might not care to | explain to the mob. It is here as with books, one reader may find in a certain volume certain truths which, because they have en- tered into his experience, become more to him than other truths he finds in other books. A second reader, having experiences different in every way, is not able to grasp the good things in the book; he Will not understand the enthusiasm of the first reader, the book's proper read- er; he will never be able to under- stand, perhaps. The gardener cherishes the small truths of plant growth which he has! i been able to deduct for himself from his own small specimens, in his own small garden. * x ok ok Personal experience, therefore, is the gist of the garden. It is the qne thing which makes the garden worth while, better than blossoms, than beauty, than art, than decoration. Experience, in the garden, is what passes between plant and planter. Something more than pollen rubs off. Something from the mind of man en- ters into the fiber of plants. This experience is the interchange, at its best. of living creatures in two worlds. Old fables come alive at last and in every man's time. The Garden of Eden is no longer necessary. It is everyman's garden. Apd the fountain | of youth—where is it but in his heart? | |and the Democratic Congress. Mr. San- |such criticism because the Nation was | but that the Democrats never let up for About this time four years ago the Demociatic party was coming to life . It had suffered the worst de- feat in its history at the polls in N vember, 1928. It was a million and a half dollars in debt. But it had not given up all hope, even though there appeared at that time to be a hopeless division in party ranks over the pro- hibition issue. Under the leadership of John J. Raskob, then chairman of the Democratic National Committee, an organization was set up in Washington to snipe at the Republican administra- tion. There was a rift among the Re- publicans in the Congress over farm relief legislation. The fight to revise the tariff was on, with Congress tying itself into bow knots and rather effectu- ally doing nothing. At that time the financial crash, soon to be followed by the industrial depression, was not yet visible or even suspected by the vast number of Americans. Yet the Demo- crats began to prepare for the congres- sional elections in 1930, and their at- tacks upon the then President Hoover were as severe as they could be. When the crash came the Democrats were ready to make the most of it politi- cally. They did. Indeed, it was this crash that was the real life saver of the Democratic party. * ok ok % The Republicans are beginning to| show signs of coming to life again. Regional conferences, under the lead- ership of Chairman Everett Sanders, are under way. Representative Snell of New York, Republican leader of the House, turned loose the other day a severe attack upon President Roosevelt ders, speaking today at a Young Re- publican rally at Selinsgrove, Pa., called for a militant minority party and derided the demand of some of the Democrats that there be no criticism of President Roosevelt and the adminis- tration's legislative program now en- acted into law. He said it was ridicu- lous to claim that there should be no | in a state of war—war on the depres- sion. He said the minority's first duty was to the Nation rather than to the President. “To claim that any of our elective officers, from the President down, or any of their appointees or associates | are immune from criticism merely be- | cause the country is passing through | an economic crisis is to revert to the | doctrine of the divine right of rulers,” | sald Mr. Sanders. He might have | added that the country was in a crisis | and facing a terrible depression when | Mr. Hoover was in the White House, a minute in their attacks upon Mr. | Hoover for that reason. * ok ox % Mr. Sanders criticized harshly the in- | dustry recovery act, which is about to| be put into operation, and the farm | relief act. He said it was proposed to | ‘“regiment the people of the United States, to lay the heavy hand of Fed- eral dictation upon every activity of agriculture and industry, to limit pro- duction and regulate prices of both farm and factory. to restrict and nl]o-l cate volume of business. This means ! putting individual enterprise, ambition, | lm!}:atl\'e, thrift, foresight in a strait- | Jacket.” ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. Washington is the world’s greatest storehouse of all kinds of knowledge. You can draw on it free of charge through our bureau here. Any question of fact you may ask will be answered promptly in a personal letter to you. Be careful to write clearly, give your full name and and _inclose 3 cents for reply postage. Do not use post cards. Send your inquiry to The Evening Star Information. Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D. C.- Q. Are there many private zoos in the United States?>—R. S. A. Not of any considerable size. The largest one is owned by Mr. Asa G. Candler, jr., of Atlanta, Ga., whose col- lection of animals includes the largest elephant in captivity. Q. Can typevritten manuscripts be sent through the mail as second or third class matter>—C. P. A. A Postal regulations do not permit any other way than by first-class mail at the rate of 3 cents per ounce. Q. Where does the new day begin?— C.E. C. A. The new day begins at the Inter- national Date Line, an irregular line drawn on the map of the Pacific Ocean at approximately the 180th meridian. Q. Some time ago you had a question regarding the ovenizing of hams, the reply to which was not quite clear to me. Can you tell me a little more about what ovenized is?>—R. D. A. Ovenizing did not re: basic way in which smoking as done. It did change certain details in the method of smoking, but the general practice of smoking hams and bacon |over hard-wood fires has not been changed, but is the same as in the past. Those who ovenize hams and bacon involves detail which is technical and complicated. The net effect. however, |is to produce hams and bacon with a better flavor, greater tenderness, greater firmness, etc. Q. How many emploves has the Southern Railway?—T. G. -A. There are 45,000 pecple on the roll of the Southern Railway, as 70,000 in 1929. Q. What_is meant by a short-term Senator?—W. G. B. A. The membership of the Senate is divided into thirds so that one-third ex- pires every two years. When a Senator dies or resigns leaving an unexpired term, his successor is appointed or elected only for the remainder of the oA t term. Sometimes it may happen that at the November election a candidate |is running for election for the short term which would have lasted until March 4 following. and either he or some other candidate would be running for the long term which would last for March. Q. What are Queen Mary's favorite flowers?>—J. R. A. Roses, carnations and lilies of the valley. Q. How large is the Aral Sea?—F. A. If Mr. Sanders is right. it is going to be just too bad for the Democratic party. But, what i worse, it is going to be extremely bad for the Nation. While many Republicans may wish that, from a political standpoint, the program of the administration may fail, as indi- vidual citizens interested in recovery of business and employment they must | hope for the success of the recovery act, the farm relief act. It is rather tough, under all the circumstances, to | be a partisan Republican. And yet Mr. Wide World| | that ma; ness. The fellah is extremely poor and can- not afford to buy soap. In a country where ottonseed is so profuse and actually cheap soap can be manufac- tured at a very reasonable price, the health department should supply the fellaheen with scap through its clinics and other centers. Public baths should be made in every town and village ac- cessib’e to the public free of charge. Clein water should be available in every village. The easiest and the cheapest way to do this is to put a pump or artesian well from which the women can draw their supply of water. We cannot possibly expect cleanliness where water is so scarce and difficult to get. In a Mohammedan country where | cleanl.ness is taught as a religious de- votior it should be preached from the platfcrms in the mosques. We cannot enter heaven dirty, neither can we make paradise on earth if we are not | clean. | Typhus is carried by lice. The health | department should supply the people | with applications of oil of sassafras, | which destroys these animals. An ac- | tive fight should be set up to extermi- nate this pest from the land. and if sufficient thought and energy is given (to the matter I believe this horrible | Egyptian curse could be removed. The more I think of these conditions the more convinced I become that edu- cation for girls at least should be made | compulsory in Egypt. In these ele- mentary village schools special atten- tion should bz given to teaching them hygiene and cleanliness. The care of the home and children should be taught | them, and this may be the easiest and most efficacious way of introducing | ' health and cleanliness among the fel- | laheén, who form the great majority of | Egypt's people. | Will the health department give these | ' suggestions consideration, and may we | hope that elementary hygienic educa- | tion may be started all over Egypt for | | girls at least? I hope the budget that | is able to launch forth gigantic schemes | or irrigation may stretch itself out a| | bit to save the health and promote the | education of its backbone. the fellah. ESTHER FAHMY WISSA. e Links Lakes and Gulf. From the Louisville Courier-Journal. A work first recommended by Secre- | tary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin in | 1808, included in a congressional bill in ‘\1511, completed in a limited way in 1848 and used for half a century, will reach its final and most useful stage when the Tllinois ship canal, connecting the Chicago and Illinois Rivers, is | formally opened on June 15. The Gulf | of St. Lawrence and the Gulf of Mexico are now linked and already freight shipments by barge have come and gone | between the Great Lakes and the port of New Orleans. while waterway freight | | lines are operating in a limited ls.shlon} y help to promote his cleanli- | | sists that they will be found voting for Sanders is right when he insists that the duty of a minority party is to be critical and to keep a check on the party in power. e If the organizations now being set up by the Democratic administration for the management of the industry and the agriculture of the United States | are maintained and the operation of | the laws proves successful, a huge po- tential political organization within the | government itself will have been erected. | The industries and the farmers will | have to look to these Government | agents for fair treatment and even for favors. Naturally, Republicans do not look with a happy smile upon any such setup. With Federal agents—and all of them Democrats—with a finger in every pie, where do the Republicans get off? If the whole system now being set up proves burdensome, irksome, expen- sive and of little use, then the people will-throw it off. But the Democrats look for great things from their indus- | try recovery act and their farm relief act. And most of the people hope they. the Democrats. are right. All of which makes a hard game harder for the G. O. P. It's just too early to make predictions about the congres- sional campaign next year. If real re- covery is on the ¥ the Democrats will win; if it is not, they won't. - The wet Democrats who followed the lead of Mr. Raskob and made repeal of the eighteenth amendment a major issue were successful. They impressed their cause upon the entire party be- | fore the campaign was over, although they were helpless when they tried to renominate their favorite candidate for | President, Alfred E. Smith. Outside | of the demand for repeal of prohibition, Mr. Raskob and Mr.nrnose\ell have had very little in comrion. Here and | there a Smithite has been appointed to-Federal office, but the number is so small as to be all the more remarkable. Repeal of prohibition, active and political, has moved south of the' Mason and Dixon Line. West Vir ginia has fallen into step with Rhode Island and Iowa and has voted wet. | The big test. so far as the South is, concerned is coming next month, | when Alabama, Arkansas and Tennessee | all hold elections of delegates to State | constitutional conventions to vote on| the repeal amendment. If these three States all go wet, then it looks as though it was all over but the shouting. Jouett Shouse, president of the Asso-| ciation Against the Prohibition Amend- | ment, in a statement issued today in- | repeal. He was right about Iowa and Indiana, dry States of the North, and | also about West Virginia, a border State. Nine States have ratified the repeal amendment. Seven more have elected delegates to conventions which will ratify, for not a single dry delegate was chosen in any of these States. Seven- teen more States have set elections for 1933, and four others are expected to | hold elections this year. These States total 37, or one more than the needed 36 for ratification of the repeal amend- ment. Movements are on foot to force clections in some of the other States. | It is mathematically possible for the | repeal amendment to be ratified before the close of the year. Because of the between New York and Chicago by Way | astounding unanimity with which the of the St. Lawrence River and the Great | gyates have already voted for repeal, it and & quarter is finally realized. Lakes. Thus the dream of & century |jooks as though the chances for repeal | | It cost the United States Government $27,500,000 to build this Illinols water- | way system from Lockport to Starved | Rock, a distance of 60 miles. Its chan-| Inel is 10 feet deep and its width 200 before the new year are excellent. The | Democratic leadership may become very active soon, too, in the demand for re- peal, so that the additional Federal taxes Jjust levied to pay for the public works program may be rescinded. The Federal A. The Aral Sea in Western Siberia is the fcurth largest inland sea of the world, having an area of 24,400 square miles. It is salt, but comparatively less so than a number of other inland seas, having a salinity of only 10 per cent. Q. Who was Quannah Parker?—M. D. A. A Comanche Indian chief, son of a captive white woman. He led the last Indian attack against the Texans, but later accepted and championed ng manuscripts written by type- | writer or longhand through the mails in | H. volutionize the | state that an explanation of the process | term. This is referred to as a short six years beginning with the following ' white civilization. He negotiated leasey of Indian lands for pasture, was deles | gate of his people on missions to Wash« | ington, was appointed judge of an In= | dian court, and early in the twentieth | century was mentioned as a candidate !orlt‘!fi United States Senate. He died in 5 _/Q. How, much of the crime of the United States is committed as second or later offenses?—B. L. A. Penologists state that two-thirds of the crime is committed by recidivists. Q. What is the initial letter of most important cities of the world?—K. W. A. The initial letter 8 is far in the lead, with twice as many as the aver- age. C comes next, then B, with A and M about even. mfi At !'.hl’!a lflr{x‘; of tk}l]e British occu- on of estine, what w: of the land>—D. T. G A. The Ottoman Law, book of which was the Mejelle or Civil Code. 1t was based on Moslem religious law, laid down hundreds of years ago. Q. Did the author of the Elsie Dins- ranore books write any otber fiction?— A. Martha Finley (Martha Farqu- harson) wrote a number of books for Juveniles, all of a highly moral char- acter. Besides the Elsie books she ml‘:y:"’:"fl‘bg ;_.'l;;mchfld.r(n of the , & oned Boy” “The Mildred Series. o o Q. At the Century of Progress, is it possible to see the cnmple!eofsscmblm‘ DIABn-‘;:IlOmohfl!"—w. G. b e General Motors Co. has | exhibit where visitors have an uppo'rl: tunity to witness all of the interesting processes by which automobiles are sembled, and while there nl}\e!elyl assembled automo the platforms, ready for delivery their new owners. S the principal | - Q@ How many organizations are af- | filiated with the Welfare Council of NEAW York City?>—R. M. . Seven hundred welfare ory 122 ts‘l?xx; are Dow in the council's ‘mémber K e council has bee: - | ence eight years. e | | Q Is the Haikwan tael s 1mone!1a_hry unit of China’—H i . The as been under; gradual substitution, and now has ‘:f.cf | tically disappeared ‘as a standara unit |in the treaty ports. The Shanghai dol- |1ar, a coin weighing 2669 grammes, 88 Per cent fine silver. now is accepted, as the standard and foreign exchange quo~ tations are being made in that unit. Q. What can be done for croqu gflll}.: v\Ahich are beginning to C!Bcl??e—t A. The only feasible than buying a new set fill up the cracks with plastic wood, leaving a little ridge at the exterior part of the crack to take care of shrink- ;::ed ;rgu (c!sn be planed or sandpa- a day or two after P al the plastic Q. When an alien enter during the World War, 531";.': :m! matically become an American citizen? —J. McC. A. He did not. he can receiv by applying fo method other of balls is to At the present time e his citizenship papers r them. without expense. Q. Are there any American arche- ologizal expeditions carrying on ex- cavatichs in Greece?—E. C. W. A, Archeclogical excavations Greece is being carried on by t: American School of Classical Studics ¢ Athens, which is projected by t Archaeological Institute of America crganized under the auspices of t Reduction of éotton Crop Tests Whole Cotton takes a new role in national Tecovery as the plan for restraint of acreage is launched under the guidance | of the farm relief officials in co-oper- ation with the general recovery organi- zation. The tendency shown is to emphasize the fact that compensation is offered for the reduction of the crop through funds provided by the action of Congress, and it is believed advisable to give the plan a fair trial as a means of leading the whole country back to better conditions “Without control of acreage there can be no hope for practical ‘farm relief’” in the opinion of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Holding that “the only cother way would be cold- bloodedly to ‘starve’ the farmers into crop acreages which would insure low-market-demand productivit; the Star-Telegram assumes that “the Gov- ernment is not prepared to employ such drastic methods.” That paper, while emphasizing the point that “supply and demand finally must become the controlling force,” concludes that “the plan under way appears to be the like- liest one so far proposed.” Pointing to the unprecedented na- ture of the policy adopted, the Nash- ville Banner records that “it is de- clared to be fundamental to retary Wallace’s plans and to represént the matured judgment of the President and of many farm leaders who were called into consu;(auon." The Banner con- tinues: “It is the Secretary’s hoj that at least two million bal?s of !g(; South’s ordinary twelve million will be plowed up, under agreements made by the farmers with the Governmen: through the county agents and State administrators. This will be the mini- mum under which Secretary Wallace will act: if possible, he will increase the plowed-up crop to one-fougth of the creage, or three million bales. The Government proposes that the farmers shall enter into a three-year agreement as to the amount of acreage reduction, but, of course, the stipulation as o plowing up a crop applies to only the present season.” Declaring that “cotton has suffered even more than wheat from surplus production,” admirable test of crop allotment,” and offers the judgment as to the probable regults: “If paying the farmers of these crops to reduce their planted acreage fails to win the desired resul it is not probable the plan will be e tended to dairy products, pork and the more debatable areas of farm relief. Unfortunately, the heavy surpluses on hand make the task unusually dificult. But once production can be reduced to somewhere near the level of consump- tion, farm relief will be greatly sim- plified. And if the much-publicized agreement with other agricultural na- tions to cut down on production, as announced at London, achieves even a moderate amount of results, the out- | ably brighter. “It is among the many amazements of modern psychology that the South is ready to fall in with the procedure,” suggests the Charlotte Observer, argu- ing that “it is no time to ask questions that are even pertinent. much less to| bristle up at the suggestion of such an | unheard-of procedure.” Upholding the | belief that “prosperity cannot return the St. Joseph Gazette ad- | vises that “wheat and cotton afford an | look for the farmer will be immeasur-, of the leading American colleges Farm Progra: | it is the course of wisdom for them abandon any feeling of reticence whi they may possess and lay aside all que tions as to the propriety of such radical scheme, and heartily jump i and swim for better shores rather than stay where they are and assuredly sink. If the attitude of one-for-all-and-all- for-one can be inspired in the farmers of the South toward this measure and if they unitedly lock hands in this enterprise of cotton destruction as out- lined by the Federal authorities, they will have wrought for themselves per- sonally and for the entire South a re- form whose blessing purposes will per- meate throughout every fiber of the fabric of our economic st: “Among many farme: Oklahoma City Times, position to co-operate with the Govern- ment in this program. It comes nearer being the remedy many farmers have cemanded than any previous farm re- lief legislation. It does promise an im- mediate cash return and it is not un- likely that Oklahoma farmers will lease from 800,000 to 1.000.000 acres to the Government in this way and that addi- tioral Oklahoma acreage will also pass under Government control when wheat acreage is dealt with in the same way next Fall. Present condition of the soll ard the cotton crop indicates that many farmers would do well to sell all their cotton acreage in this way. If favor eble weather conditions should follow, some of the land thus leased still could produce feed crops. 1f the drought cone tinues, the money received from the leasing will be the farmers' only return from the cotton crop. This program is admittedly experimental. but it does carry an immediate advantage for cote ton farmers “The farm relief measures,” accord! io the Buffalo Evening News, “reflec particularly the agitations conducted among wheat growers. The cotton men were drawn in largcs wh political strategy in the expe ti's hat a come bination of wheat e-tton could se< cure profitable bountie. for both. The | success or fatlure of the entire idea may Gepend on what develops in cotton dur- g the next few months Noting that the growers are “face to face with a debatable cholee.” the Hart- ford Times comments on the situation: “Inasmuch as the sale of cotton depends i1 considerable degree on export, the grower 1s intensely interested in the prospect of better international markets. It will not help him if the domestic price is artificially lifted by curtailed production if the export market falls to absorb the exportable surplus, as it is not intended, unden the new Federal plan, to produce cotton simply for the | domestic market. The Wallace plan, as | crafted under the provisions of the new | farm relief act, is an experiment. Presi- | cent Roosevelt has frankly called it | that.” Better Game for Kidnapers From the Columbia State. Oklahoma outlaws kidnaped a Mis- souri sheriff and sped away. But why? Has it never occurred to these fellows who prey upon the pub- lic that we might think more kindly of them if they would from time to until the American farmer is lifted out |time perform some public service? By Egyptian Gazette, Alexandria.—To the | feet. The first cargo trip through this | t;yes on liquor would, it is estimated, canal was from St. Louis to Chicago.|make it easily possible for repeal of A barge carried 250 tons of chemicals, | these new taxes and some of the older fencing, Southwestern pecans and malt | taxes. too. products, discharged and picked up ey some freight on the way, and took back 1,000 tons of goods to St. Louls. In| Robots. Apirl the. first water-bcrne cargoes ar-, From the Louisville Courler-Journal. rived at and left Chicago from and for; The American Institute of Chemical St. Lawrence River and seaboard ports. eers is advised that robot operators ‘A cargo of 500 tons of steel left Chicag> of factory mechanism are faster than May 14 fcr Houston, Tex., by way of th> humans. Then keep them off the high- waterway, the Mississippi and the Gulf. ways; the human family is imitative. Waterways can be made of great e service to the public because of neces- The R sarily cheaper rates. However, no sub- e Renter. sidized Government barge lines should | From the Toledo Blade. of the ruck and muck of this depres- sion,” the Charlotte paper offers the opinion: “It is an extremely liberal offer which the American Government is making them, one by which, if they are cn-operative, they cannot possibly lose. and one from which they can im- measurably benefit by falling in line and going through with the- drastic remedy. The Observer is assured that throughout the South this movement will receive that practical co-operation | from the farmers which its beneficent ends warrant. It is the only possible measure by which they can be saved from worse ruin than they have yet suffered, and in view of the provable further compete with railroads by| “By law, in some States, it is now operating over these inland routes at| virtually impossible to evict a tenant.” below-cost rates. ¥ F Refusal to repeper might get him out. tad contention that they can onmly profit in the long run, without the remotest chance of being injured by the process, X a timely act, now and then, they could | balance the ledger. ‘Why run away with a Missouri sher- iff? He is doubtless a good fellow and he certainly does not wish to do any- body any harm. Taking a sheriff into captivity does not help the country, whereas there are a dozen or. so United | States Senators who could be run off |into the hills and kept there for keeps {to the everlasting benefit of a large | block of the human race. | But then, we suppose, there is an economic side to this as in most other activities. Outlaws who kidnap are loo‘kutgcmxor = “ut:gney.m.- Wot one 0se Senators?

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