Evening Star Newspaper, March 5, 1933, Page 22

' THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C. BUNDAY.........March 5, 1833 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Businegs Office: 11th_St. ‘and Pennsylvania Ave. . _New York Offce: 110 East 42nd 8t. Ohicago Office: Lake Michigan Bullding. European Office:_14 Regent St.. London, 5 England. * Rate by Carrier Within the City. 45¢ per month 60c per month r v 8¢ per month The Sunday Star. ;-5¢ per co Collection made ut the end of each month. ©:ders may Le sent in by mail or telephone Natlonal 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. p d Sunday....1yr.,$10.00: 1 mo. 8¢ Baily niy 1yr, $6.00: 1mo’, 50¢ Bunday only 151, $4.00; 1mo. 40¢ All Other States and Canada. Datly and Sunday...1yr.$12.00; 1 mo.. $1.00 Daily only .. 3 $8.00;: 1mo. T8¢ Bunday only ... . $5.00; 1mo., 50 ‘Member of the Associated The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and aiso the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special disputches heremn ure also reserved. A Dedication to Recovery. President Roosevelt’s inaugural ad- dress delivered yesterday as he took the oath of office must be considered as & preface to his first message to the Con- gress, which will assemble in extra session in a short time. In that mes- sage he will recommend “the measures that a stricken Nation in the midst of a stricken world may require.” He did not in his address yesterday specify what those measures will be, though he indicated in a broad way their gen- eral nature. Our greatest primary task, he said, 1s | to put the people to work. It can be accomplished in part by direct re- cruiting by the Government itself, ac- complishing through this employment greatly needed projects to stimulate | and reorganize the use of the national resources. We must engage on & na- tional scale in the redistribution of population endeavoring to provide a better use of the land for those best | fitted for it. This task can be helped | by definite efforts to raise the value of agricultural products and with this the power to purchase the output of the citles. ‘This procedure can be helped by pre- venting the tragedy of growing loss through foreclosure of homes and | farms; by insistence upon drastic re-l‘ duction of the cost of Federal, State and local governments; by unifying re- | lief activities now scattered, uneco- nomical and unequal; by national plan- ning for and supervision of all forms | of transportation, communications and utilitles of public character. There must be a strict supervision of all banking and investments, and | an end to speculation with other people’s | money and “provision for an adequate but sound currency.” ‘These, Mr. Roosevelt sald in his ad- @ress, are the lines of attack. Through this program he will address himself to putting the national house in order and making income balance outgo. He will spare no effort to restore world | trade by international economic read- | Jjustment. The President dedicates the Nation to | the policy of the good neighbor, “me} neighbor who resolutely respects him- | self, and because he does so resnect.s" the rights of others and the sanctity | of his agreements in and with the world of neighbors.” ‘With definite specifications postponed | to later explicit recommendations, the President looks to Congress to act, but“ in the event of its failure and the con- tinuance of a critical national emer- | gency he will not evade the clear course | of duty which will then confront him. He says: 1 shall ask the Congress for the one r maining instrument to meet the crisis— broad executive power to wage the war ! against the emergency, as great as the | power that would be given to me if we | were in fact invaded by a foreign foe. This is a direct implication that in case Congress does not meet the emer- | gency with legislation along the lines he now broadly indicates he will ask | for transfer to him of the power of | action, the power of a dictator. It is possible to read into the address | # determination to secure results even | at the cost of & departure from consti- | tional procedure. This s disturbing | only to those who trust to the workings | of natural economic law without drastic remedies for the undeniable ills from which the country is now suffering. President Roosevelt has accepted the leadership to which the pzople have called him fearlessly and with dedica- tion to the principles of government upon which this Nation is founded. He faces a task as great as any that has ever been assumed by a President upon taking office. He will have in his sup- port during at least two years a Con- gress pledged by the terms of its election to co-operate with him in the redemp- tion of the national credit and the res- teration of national prosperity. In his Inaugural address he accepts his respon- sibility without qualification and with | courage. B ———— Much collegiate distinction is active Jn public life. “Watch the professor” will be one of the slogans as efforts are made to effect the legerdemain needful to bring the rabbit of prosperity out of the silk hat of diplomacy. e A Shortened Presidential Term. President Roosevelt will serve, in the term upon which he entered yesterday, the shortest period of any Chief Execu- tive who has filled out the alloted time for which he was elected. The' term will end January 20, 1937, according to the provisions of the twentieth amend- ment to the Constitution, just ratified. ‘That will be forty-two days less than the full time of four years for which each of his predecessors was chosen. It will not, however, be the shortest time of all of those who have gone be- fore, who have filled out their terms. For George Washington, elected in the ‘Winter of 1789, was unable to take the oath of office until April 30 of that year, so that his first term was eight weeks short of the four-year period, whereas that of Mr. Roosevelt will be just a day more than six weeks short, The Constitution did not originally prescribe the date of the inauguration, merely stipulating that the term of the President should be four years. The | The “Nazi” chieftain, in an eve-of-battle ever, does prescribe the date, January 20 following the election. This fixing of the date invelves the passibllity of the inauguration falling wpon Sunday, in which case the ceremonials are held on the day following. The oath of Sunday’ when the fourth falls on that day, for there i an sutomatic ces- sation ofithe term at noon on the pre- scribed dife for its end. This will oc- cur under the new dispensation with January 20 es insuguration day, es in the past. After the imsuguration of President Taft in 1909, when the westher was des- perately bad and thousands of people were discommoded and endangered, an effort was made td change the date of the jnauguration to the last Tharsday m April in approxinmtion of the date of Washington’s first inductien into office. A joint resolution proposing an amend- ment to the Constitution to that effect. came within & very narrow margin of adoption by the House of Representa- tives. For & few years afterward con- tinued endeavor was made to amend the Constitution in that manmer, but this was finally dropped and the different procedure of an earlier inauguration rather than a later oue, imvolving the meeting of the newly eleeted Congress in January, was edvocated and even- tually was adopted as the twentieth amendment. ——ar—t Today's German Eleetion. What may well he the fate of the young German Republic will be doter- mined in the Reichslag election to be held today. At the énd of five weeks of tyrannical campaigrNng by the Hit- ler National Socialists end Hugenberg Natlonalists, the Reich s ealled upon for the third time witiin & year to choose & Parliament for the auppesed purpose of legislating In umison with & cabinet government. Four other parties, notably\the Social Democrats and the Roman Cathelic Center, have also been in the feid, but their appeals for support have hid %o be made under such ruthless restzictians of free speech and the press thatthe reactionary Rightist groups, now 4o power under Chancelior Hitler, have had the campaign virtually to them- selves. If these two organizations be- tween them do not emerge in control of the Relchstag as a result of the Sabbath day pollings, something approaching & political miracle will have been achieved by the long-suffering German people. At the preious election, in November, 1932, Hitler's “Nazis” and Hugenberg's Nationalists mopped up 247 seats out of 584, or nearly 50 short of a majority. The Liberal-Leftist foes of Hitler and Hugenberg contend that a majority for the Nazis and Nationalists will only be obtainable if 40,000,000 persons vote this time. 'This would be 92 per cent of the electorate—all German citizens, | men and women over twenty years of age. The vote in the November election was about 35,000,000. Five million addi- tional votes would mean an increase of 83 Reichstag seats. The constitution provides that there shall be one Reich- stag member for each 60,000 votes under the proportional electoral system. Membership in the Reichstag thereby would be raised to 667. The Hitler-| Hugenberg forces would have to cap- ture 334 seats if they were to bend the Reichstag to their will henceforward under constitutional provisions. It is by no means impossible that this will come to pass. Though the Novem- ber elections produced a loss of 2,000,000 “Nazi” votes, Hitler has unquestionably recovered both ground and prestige since then, especially following his re- cent accession to the chancellorship un- der Col. von Papen’s suspices and with President von Hindenburg’s acquiescence. ‘The German people can be in little doubt of what is in store for them if & Hitler-Hugenberg landslide now ensues. broadcast from Berlin on Priday night. announced that the Hitler cabinet will hold the first sitting of the new Reichs- tag in the historic garrison church at Potsdam, where lie Frederick the Great and his father, Frederick Willlam L The church is Prussia’s military Val- halla. It incarnates the spirit of hel- meted and spurred Hohenzollernism. “I believe there can be no higher symbol of the will to rebuild the Ger- man national community,” thundered Herr Hitler over the radio, “than that after a criminal hand has lald the Reichstag building in ashes we go out to the city of Prussia’s greatness and, in the old garrison church of ‘Potsdam, begin the new work of German recon- struction by the bler of the tmmortal King.” Germany’s voters will not be able to lament that they went to the polls without warning, if they presently dis- cover that the firm name of Hinden- burg & Hitler, on which the “Nazis” traded in the Reichstag campaign now ended, has been changed to “Hinden- burg, Hitler and the Hohenzollerns.” Either a “Nazi” vote today is a vote for the restoration of the monarchy, or Hitler and Hugenberg have dangled Hohenzollernism before the Reich elec- torate as & bait to intrench themselves in power more autocratically than they are already enthroned. —————r———————— Japan is again confronted by earth- quake, an implacable foe that is not amenable to political influences of any kind. ——.—————— Welcome AllL Shakespeare said, “I shower & wel- come on you all,” and his phrase may serve as a text for the community of Washington in the greeting’ which it is giving to thousands of visitors from other sections of the United States. Ever since the induction of Andrew Jackson the inauguration of e Presi- dent has been an occasion of pilgrim- age for the American people. Repre- sentatives of every class, creed and con- dition move toward the Capital in the days immediately preceding March 4, and by the dawning of that date the city is filled with them, It is abun- dantly right that this should be the case. The President comes to his high office through the exercise of the people’s privilege of choice, he is elected by the people and in their serv- ice, and it is proper that they should be present at the ceremony which confirms their decision. The inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt differed not at all from that .analysis. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MARCH 5 1933—PART TWO. Lfl____,___________ i T chain which, beginning in 1789, ex- itends into infinity. And the people whom his power derives ‘are the e people. ‘Their trai and their deals, by the grace of God, are those jof the founding fathers who ‘established office has heretofore been taken on [fthe Nation. S0 it follows that Wash- |ington this week end is a cross-section, inot only of the population of the coun- \try, but also of the history of the coun- try. America is here, and it portion of #t which habitually ides tn the District of Columbia greets the rest with the ardent salutation of fraternity, The new administration will msean new neighbors. At the head of, the list, of course, will ¢ Mr. Rogsevelt and his family, already wiflely known in the city because of their residence here in 1913-1821, They mmy be sure that their return is a source of pleasure to their friends. Those who accompany them and will be in Washington dur- ing Mr. Roosevelt’s term will be made 1o feel at home; soon they(will be au- thentic Washingtonians. 'And those who come only for the inaugural festivi- ties are cordially mvited toycome again. All are truly and sincerely; welcome. ——on—s. Drum Majom, An oddity of human neiture developed in the conduct of the thousands who witnessed yesterday's pugeant in honor velt, One would have expected that the praisal would have been given for the central figure in the ceremonial. But as & matter of fact there was more ac- claim for the gyrating, baton-tossing drum majors who headed some of the bands. The antics of these musical ccn- tortionists aroused the crowds as did not the most exalted of the Nation. “The gymnastic drum major was once & favorite feature of public processions, and these performers were often of Na- tional repute. Of recent years, however, there has been a more modest behavior at the van of the musical organizations, the time markers restraining themselves to sedate movements to gulde the ca- dence of their followers. Quite lately, perbaps as & measure of what in drama is known as “camic relef” from the de- pression, the ald-style twisters of the baton have come back into wogue and we won the plaudits of the crowd. (People like to laugh, and they are quick to acclaim with mirth anything that is peculiar and out of the ordinary. The \drum major who flings his batony high in the akr while he executes a double shuffie, who struts with exag- gerated' pomposiy and protruding chest, who cake-walks his way along the route, is sure of & “hemd” from the crowded curbs. Certain bands cannot tolerate such behavior at their van, for they have reputations as musicians to main- tain rather than as comedians. It has in the course of many years been noted | that the drum'major who wins the loud- est applause usually leads the poorest) band. —_———— A new set of bonds for highway con- struction similar to Liberty bonds is advocated by Alred E. Smith. The comparison is hopeful. No one who purchased Liberty bonds has had occa- sion to regret anything about the trans- action save the fact that he could not buy more, ———— Japan’s attitude towand the League of Nations resembles that of the man who marched on in his own way re- gretting that the rest of the company was out of step. ——a——— It appears possible that the only way to deal with so-called Communism will be to link it somehow with psycho- SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, £ Sunday. ! ‘The week end brings a holiday That smoothes our former cares away And blessing on the calendar That things are ordered as they are. Now all the world seems at its best For Sunday is a day of rest. The splendor of the passing show ‘The noble cadences that flow In melody or thought sublime Have passed us in the march of time. What'er the faith we have professed, For all this 1s & Day of Rest. Higher Expectation, “In & few weeks,” zaid the confiden- tial friend, “the Nation's business will be going on as usual.” “Maybe 30,” answered Senator Sor- ghum, “But I'm hoping we'll be able to do & whole lot better than that.” of the inauguration of Hresident Roose- | his loudest demonstrations of popular ap-|A Jud Tunkins says s lame duck has the privilege of hoping for years ahead and regarding his separation from sal- ary merely as one of those furioughs without pay. Theme With Variations. Human nature persists, as philosophers know, And people are doing from day unto Way. Dance Political, “Of course I shall dance at the in- augural ball,” said Miss Cayenne, “As & matter of pleasure?” “More as & matter of policy. It will g0, I cherish no social resentments.” “To say that wars will never end,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is to aver that the nobility of men and women and the affection of children were given us all in vain.” The Regretless Life. He who no word that he regrets has said Mid our impetuous cares, Has nothing sald at all as iife he Jed— Except, perbape, his pray'rs. “One way to waste time and energy,” sald Uncle Eben, “is to start worryin' 'bout de weather long before it hap- pens.” ) Inevitable! Prom the Newark Evening News. Gen. Fu-lin and Gen. Yoshi- michi agree with Gen. Sherman of the men who have passed through the White House in decades that gene. He took the same oath that date was set by act of Congress, and once set became the fixed feature of the law. The twentieth amendment, how- 4 first President took, he enters upon same duties, he will have many of same problems, He is but & link in & are the the the that war is Jehol. Big Business Morals. .7 SOURCES OF POWER / BY THE RIGHT RSHK. “In quietness and in confidence shall be your strength.” This counsel was ven to & nation in the time of its weakness. The statesman-prophet had warned the people that they had sought to stre n themselves by their confidence in a nation alien them, by assuming that in the day of their testing their security would be guaranteed to them through the ma- terial wealth and power of another. He charged people with being ut- terly apostate, with neglecting the only source of strength, the G ‘who, other days, taey had reverently recog- nized and obediently followed. ‘There is nothing unique in the situ- ation here Jresen . Repeatedly, in the course of history, nations and peo- ples have risen from humble circum- stance to positions of power and influ- ence. In the days of their lowly estate, where life was hard and conditions un favorable, they have disclosed real plety, Teverence and their sense of dependence upon God. Once they have risen to prosperity and their position become seemingly secure they have assumed that ir strength resided in their own genius, their prowess and their skill, and they have turned from their habits of reverence and piety. been the Roman Empire.” The postle Paul, on his visit to Athens, in the midst of all its beauty and culture finds that its weakness resides in an altar erected to “The Unknown God.” To those in Athens who had lost their faith, he declares: “He whom ye igno- ;:::L_l_y worship, Him declare I unto ou. Any study of the early days of Ameri- can history makes evident the strong qualities of character that dfstinguished those who were the pioneers. All along the way as the Nation devel and pushed its frontiers' farther an irther until the Pacific was reached, we dis- cover these same sterling qualities in the men who laid the foundations of JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, Lls D, ishop of Washington. the Republic. The Church and the school were vanguards of our ad- vancing civilization. Education on the one hand; reverence and the recogni- tion of Gdd’s will and purpose on tne other, have been the hall-marks of our growth and development. Then the day came when we became so powerful and self-confident that we exalted our own genius to the place of supremacy. In the language of those of old we affirmed, “my power and the might of mine hand hath gotten me this wealth.” ‘We built our goodly cities, we felled our forests and where they once stood fertile flelds appeared. We developed a talent for making machinery that gave us first place among the nations. We became the guardian Nation of the ‘Western Hemisphere. Eye went well with us, our silver and our gold was multiplied, everything that we had was m d and we became the envy of the world. Then a dark shadow fell across our National hearth- stone, and our hopes and expectations were blighted over night. There are evidences that we as a people have been sobered and made reflective by these events. We are beginning to learn that hurry, excitement and speed are not the guarantees of progress, nor do they secure to us either satisfaction or per- manence. We are to learn ing ‘Tne | that, q::gmm does not mean inaction, and that it is indispensable to confi- dence and the sense of security. Our truest leaders are those who have both the will and the capacity to be quiet as they think through the problems that overwhelm us. It is through such u process of consistent reflection thae they rise in confidence to show us a way out of our difficulty. Only as we | return to those paths of quiet and peace where God is to be found shall we find | confidence, restored order and hap- | pineess. ‘This season of Lent may have a deeper significance this year than ever before if we but heed the counsel of lubricant. 8hall we not find it in the quiet places of prayer and meditation? Question of Munitions for War in Asia Now Most Acute World Problem BY WILLIAM HARD. ‘The most acute world problem now confronting the country—and confront- ing especially the new Secretary of State—is the insistent question of the possibility of an embargo upon the export of munitigns to the scene of the armed conflict in the Orient. Secretary of State Cordell Hull is approaching that question with the greatest cautiousness and deliberateness. He 1s not a rash, or even impulsive, man. It is his disposition to study carefully and to analyze exhaustively before he acts. He realizes that action in this matter carries with it the chance of grave disturbances in our permanent ;;e.l::tam with the countries of the Far Those distwbances might conceivably be such as to take us to the verge of ‘war. munitions to Japan might be regarded by the Japanese government as consti- tuting an unfriendly, non-peaceful, hostile gesture. The Japanese govern- ment, in taking that view of it, would be able to justify itself by making quotations from a certain number of eminent American scholars of inter- national law, such as Prof. Edwin M. Borchard of Yale. Secretary of State Hull is well aware of the complications thus presented to him, and it would seem safe to surmise that his final decision in the matter will not be reached except after com- prehensive researches into the p policles of the principal countries of | Europe. b * x K% ‘The present British policy of prevent- ing exports of British-made munitions to China, as well as to Japan, meets here with two emphatic criticisms. The first 1s, of course, that in practice it is friendly to Japan and unfriendly to China, for the obvious reason that Japan can get along much better than China can_without munitions imports. The second criticism is more vital still. It is based on the patent fact that British-made munitions, though em- bargoed for export to China and Japan, can be ship now to any country on the European continent and thence trans-shipped either to Chinese or to Japanese territory. The British pollcy thus, in the end, does not in slightest degree diminish the actual op- portunities of the British munitions manufacturers or the actual ultimate arrivals of British-made munitions at the scenes of the Chinese-Japanese battles. The British policy is a moral attitude, wholly devoid of practical consequences. msmverdlcthuwbe?m- nounced—in the opinion of most of ‘Washington—upon any arms embargo established by the edict of any one country alone or even by the edict of any group of countries smaller than the totality of the effective nations of the world. Arms embargo action, to be practical and influential, has to be inclusively international. LR 1t is believed that on this point the Roosevelt administration will entertain the conviction felt and expressed by the administration of Mr. Hoover. On 8 last, Secretary of S Stimson left with the House Ccmmit- tee on Foreign Affairs & statement, in which he said: “In the case of ): war :.etween t:]::’ fo:; elgn countries the embargo would, eogu, not bé employed unless there was general co-operation and united among the principal world who could supply munitions.” In many quarters here the inquiry our customs are changing, philosophers | Tepresen’ show. day ‘The old fashioned stuff in s different | to_pursue. show that however our elections may| The Uni §Ee FEEERR E:-: 5 i i ¥ 4 E e s ] LT Rp| ; i |1 E : b I | ; ; | j § i g 3 h 2 g ] An embargo upon the export of | “guilty” party. The governments which belong to the League proceed to put | that decision into effect. Britain, | France, Italy, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany. all the countries of Europe, | except Boishevik Russia, cease to ship munitions to Japan. Their munitions manufacturers are totally deprived of | that trade. Tt is totally left to the | munitions manufacturers resident upon the territory of the Government of the United States. * X ok x | The world would then witness the spectacle of the United States Govern- | ment allowing its munitions manufac- turers to reap the sole and colossal profits arising from sales of munitions to & country engaged in military opera- | tlons which the United States Govern- | ment has solemnly declared to be in | contravention of obligations assumed by that country to the American Nation. How long would the moral sense—or moral sensitiveness—of the American Nation permit that spectacle to con- tinue? Some observers here, in the course of contemplating that querry, now regret that we ever signed an; treaties which obliged us to become Jjudges of rightness and wrongness in 2 forelgn war. They nevertheless necessarily admit that we did indeed | sign such treaties and are indeed bound | by them. They then consequently necessarily admit that, if all Europe were embargoing munitions shipments to Japan, we would presently (out of mere embarrassment and shame) find ourselves pursuing the same course. Pessinuists think that the next step thereafter would be war between the United States and Japan. They con- tend that Japan, thinking herseif sub- Jected to insult and injury, would her- self declare the war. Optimists make a vigorously different prcphecy. ‘They concede that Japan might de- clare war against the United States if the United States were alone in deny- ing munitions to the Japanese armed forces. They observe, however, that in the supposition here stated it is as- sumed that all Europe, through the League, is also denving munitions to the Japanese armed forces. They then em- phatically contend that Japan would not declare war against all Eurcpe end the United States together. They are wholly skeptical as to any Japanese willingness to fight the whole Western World. LR for the ease of mind which they thus duphg.e They allege, In the first place, that the Japanesc thoroughly know that the combined flects of the Western W?rld wmmuttev::' e]:&:ennz into a na- val gement, coul aralyze Japan by o bl Tid- e % Japanese munitions plants of ell im- portations of cotton, coal, iron ore and nitrates, ‘They argue that the Jzpanese govern- ment, fully conversant with that fact, would never dare the cggregated West- ern World to on ermed contest, In the sccond place, they point out that a Japanese declaration of war against the,United States and against the European countries which belong to the League would give to Bolshevik Russia, on the flank of Manchuria and of Jehol, a chance for easy military ac- tivity which might prove instantly fatal to all Japanese aspirations on the main- h%d ott Asia, ‘or these two reasons the optimists look with equanimity at a poulh’l’e Join- ing of the United States and the League in an arms embargo directed against Japan as an accused trezty violator, The pessimisis are equally resolutely minded in the cpposite sense, ‘They rsistently declare that an arms em- fim can readily become a mere. pro- logue to an ensuing automatic war, From both of these camps of observers and advisers the new Secretary of State will hear much counsel before he moves to a settlement of what is beyond all doubt his deepest and most dangerous immediate problem. (Copyright, 1933.) RBritain Anxious as to German Nationalism ¢BY A. G. GARDINER. LONDON, March 4—Events in this week have overshadowed even tll): mlin th’; Far East and to- lomentous laugural cere; ‘Washing'ca. o It is not merely that public opinion methoss adopted by thet e LHD ment, but the ons ‘Of the of violent nationalism many upon the world situa moct critical moment cause est concern. The alarm ourselves on the way to a new day of | the prophet of old. Life needs a new | ‘They have two very specific reasons | blockade which would deprive the | Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Representative Blanton of Texas re- cently put into the Congressional Rec- ord an appreciation of one of the most devoted employes of the House, Mar- cellus Shield, for many years clerk of the tions Committee (with never & “leak” on any of the many important secrets intrusted to him). . devoted clerk has been re- pead eulogized on the floor of the House successive chairmen of the committee and notably Jog” Cannon. by “Uncle In presenting to the House a tabu- laticn of $66,877,908.02 savings made by the Appropriations Committee be- low the budget estimates of the Presi- dent, Mr. Blanton sald: “Mr. Marcellus Shield, who came to the Congress with a former chairman of the Appropr .- tions Committee, Mr. Tawney of Minnesota, many years has been connected ‘with the on Ap- propriations for over 20 years. He has been the clerk of the committee for about 16 years. All during the Hard- ing and Coolidge and Hoover regimes he has served continuously as the clerk of this committes, and every Re- publican member will vouch for his integrity and reliability. He knows as much about the workings of the committee as any man in Washington. He personally prepared and gave me the figures as being absolutely correct.” Swager Sherley, who is represent- ing President-elect Roosevelt in some of his fiscal and reorganization studies, and who s said to be slated for an important budgetary post, is a former chaurman of appropriations who has also publicly extolled the devoted work ©of Mr. Shield. When the question of abolishing thc United States Bureau of Efficlency was being debated on the floor of the House by two rival candidates for the speak- ership, Chairman Byrns of the Appro- priations Committee and the Demo- | cratic whip, Representative McDuffie of Alabama; Mr. Shield again was lauded, and the House membership | applauded. Representative McDuffie | said: “The gentleman knows that the | gentleman sitting on my right, Mr. Marcellus Shield, can get that in- formation as quickly as the Bureau of Efficiency, and probably do it in a much better way.” Representative Byrns replied: “Oh, there is not a man connected with the Congress, and I say this with all due deliberation, who does as much work today as Mark Shield (applause), and I think it would be an imposition upon him to ask him, under the circum- stances, to go into this voluminous amount of work, which is much great- er than my friend anticipates, and get | all the information with reference to | bureaus. There is a limit as to what | & man can do.” .- |When the Democrats | “Take Over.” | Prom the Kansas City Star. Party responsibility will be almost complete when the Democrats take iover the National Government March| . The Democratic President will have (back of him strong majorities in both | Houses. 1In his desire to get the best | views and largest co-operation between | the National and State Governments | Mr. Roosevelt has called a conference of Governors for March 6. He has given the Governors a general program which he expects them to study before they reach Washington and to discuss after they arrive. Of the Governors | 39 are Democrats. If the Governors in the coming administration are to| | form a sort of advisory cabinet, the big | [ majority of them will be in political | | accord with the administration. | ‘Thus party responsibility is given an ' extraordinary spread. Perhaps it is welli that it is so. Great economic prob- lems that have confronted the country for the last three years will remain unsolved when the new administration | begins. The solutions demand pains- taking, thoroughgoirg co-operation be- tween the States and the Federal Gov- ernment. When party power is so far- reaching as it will be after March 4 an aspet of dictatorship is presented. That is to say, the party is fully re- sponsible. It will not be handicapped to any extent by the opposition. If, as a party, it holds together, it can force its will on the country. This kind of set-up may be best in meeting & great emergency. At least it fixes responsibility. It also presents a tremendous opportunity for service, If the service is intelligently, effectively rendered, the party will have justified the confidence reposed in it ‘by the people. It is given a free hand. would be so fll-protected that it could : be set on fire in 2) different places by a | solitary Dutchman who was almost a | stranger to the city. * % % x Allegations of the imminence of a bolshevist rising in Germany are frankly ~discredited and Germania, which is almost the last paper left daring to hint any criticism of the Hitler government, expresses discreet dmbfll!ct‘ in ?e‘;wry and calls for a complete an orough inves Olge I;:ts of the m-e.g e e best informed opinion here is convinced that Goeflngw made a grave blunder in directing the terror indis- criminately against the Center (Catho- lic) party and the Socialists, as well as the Communists, and thus antagon- izing Bavaria, which is the stronghold of the Catholic party, but the expecta- tion that Bavaria may break away from the Reich is not regarded as well founded. This is not because Bavaria is not disposed to break away, but because the Prussian stranglehold on Southern Germany is too powerful to be contcsted except under the most extreme provocation. With opposition newspapers sup- pressed, meetings of all parties except supporters of the government pro- hibited, every city and town under armed control of Goering's police and Hitler's Brown Shirts, and with the populace, as the Manchester Guardian's Berlin correspondent describes it, re- duced to whispering in public for fear of arrest, it is assumed that Hitler's victory tomorrow is assured. But whatever the result, Hitler will remain in power, for parliamentary govern- ment in Germany is dead and a dic- tatorship has been established. * x k% What follows? For the moment Hitler's supremacy is indisputable and the view formerly held in Germany that he was President von Hinden- il;{.rngd‘: bflrrl.‘mner.“ in chlmdof Von nburg’s policemen, Hugen- berg and Franz von Papen, is entirely m«l. Hitler is the master of and calls the tune. If he is the prisoner of anybody it is of his own wild men, Goering and Dr. Paul Goebbels. But with the election over, his troubles will begin. He cannot ern Germany with bayonets and gflmmfloflc, lndh.olt‘ :gz policy except g war on Popu- lation of Germeny he has given no hint. A break between Hitler and the Hugenberg Nationalists is inevitable, for the Nationalists represent land in- terests, the Prussian Junkers, while the Nazis appeal to the industrial population in the towns and the deep- est fracture in the Germany social structure is the conflict between the country and the towns. The towns are bel starved in the interests of the lan , who have been able to exact extravagant taxation on im| food. It was on'thl.l issue that Hein- rich Bruening fell, and Hitler can only hold the towns by sacrificing the Definition. Sloux Falls Daily Argus-Leader. is & man f? {Teappear until | The Grand Turk, then cccupying Con- | right in their conception of what the A TRUE PORTRAIT OF CHRIST BY FREDERIC J. HASK ‘There has just been found in the| British Musuem at London a sketch, copled from a painting in the Cata- combs at Rome, which there is good reason to suppose, is a true representa- tion of the head of Christ, done by a contemporary of the Savior. Thomas an Englishman, made the 1847, but no attention has been paid it Lefore. It was found in the portfolio of other drawings of the artist which have lain in the museum for a nearly a century without ever baving been critically sorted. Christendom has been familiar with the face of Christ for many centuries. There n curious adherence to the same type, although it hes been considered that all representations necessarily were imaginative. The most astonishing fact concerning the Heaphy drawing is that it reveals precisely the same face which has been for so long accepted. An effort is to be made to attempt to find the original which Heaphy's notes and sketch describe. A new search of the Catacombs will be made in an effort to locate the original painting. Reasons why there have been no ac- cepted portraits of Christ are many. In the first place, in His lifetime He was not the type of man likely to be posing for portraits. His position wes such that His likeness did not appear on coins nor was He the subject of the artists of His time. He was too obscure. Except for His immediate following of disciples, He was gcnerally regarded as no different from the many itinerant preachers of the time. Moreover, from about the time of the crucifilxion onward the profession of Christianity was dangerous. In the persecutions it would have been dan- gerous to display enough interest to have a portrait of Jesus in possession. Sources of Present Portraits. The conventional Christ portrait which has come down was presumed to have miraculous sources. It was Joseph of Arimathea who placed the kerchief over the face on the descent from the cross and the miraculous story is that when it was removed it bore the im- print of the Savior's features. Joseph of Arimathea went to Britain, where he "planted the Glastonbury thorn, which still blooms every Christmas, and the kerchief became one of the greatest of relics. But not the sole one of this type. The Shroud of Turin, another holy relic kept at that city, was the cloth in which the body was wrapped. After the resurrection, when this shroud was discarded, it, too, bore the miraculous likeness. 'There are two other shrouds claiming the same office—one at St. Peter's at Rome and one at St. Bar- | tholomew’s at_Genoa. There has been one likeness which has claims to being contemporary. It is the famous Jewel of Tiberius. Tiberius was Emperor of Rome at the time Jesus was teaching in Galilee, and he was the Caesar under whom Jesus coun- seled the people to render what was his. It appears that a Roman Centurion either himself carved a head of Jesus on an emerald or procured some one else to do 0. At any rate, he sent the reputed likeness as a gift to the Roman Senate. together with a detailed descrip- tion of the appearance of the man who was beginning to make something of a stir in Palestine. The Jewel of Tiberius dropped out of sight for several centuries. It does not the fifteenth century. stantinople, had come into possession of the Jewel of Tit>rius in some way not quite clear. A brother of the Grand Turk had been iaken capiive by troops of the pspacy or of some Christian prince fignting for Rome, Knowing | that this carven head of Christ would | have a tremendous value in the eyes of | the church, the Turk offered it to Pope Innocent VIII as ransom. The offer | was accepted, the Saracen prince was freed, and the jewel came to Rome. A likeness cut in an emerald neces- |sarily is very emall. The Christ por- | trait found by Thomas Heaphy in the catacombs is life size, his notes indi- cate. It was found in the catacombs of Sts. Achille and Neiro, which D2 | Rossi, the Roman antiquarian, declares originally were the Donatilla catacombs and these, he asserts, unquestionably were contemporary with Christ. All the evidence is that the portrait might well have been painted by a man who had seen Christ, might, indeed. have been drawn from life and taken into hiding du: the long persecutions. ‘That the & is first century seems be- yond dispute. { St. Pressades Kerchief. The head shows the familier long, | esthetic face with flowing hair and |beard. The slant of the brows, the |length and shape of the nose the | same as in the traditional portraits, and | this is the more miraculous in that it scarcely is possible that any of the great painters of sacred art who throve centuries after the crucifixion could have seen the portrait of the catacombs discovered by Thomas Heaphy. Among the Heaphy drawings just found in the British Museum are a number of other fascinating subjects, together with notes on his investiga- tions. He found at the little Church of St. Pressades at Rome a closely pro- tected relic in the form of a kerchief | on which appears a head of Christ. It is reputed to be the work of St. Peter and drawn from memory. The story is that Pressades and Pudentiana, daugh- ters of Pudens and Claudia, a British couple of some consequence dwelling at Rome in the palace of Caractacus dur- ing the Neronian persecution, rescued certain holy relics known to them, who | were secretly Christians. They rescued | these with the remains of certain mar- | tyrs and interred them in a secret place afterward consecrated as a church. The present Church of St. Pressades is a | ninth _century structure, but is known | to have been built on the site of an | earlier church edifice. Peter, when in | Rome, was the guest of the two Roman girls and drew the head of Christ from memory at their request. | " Helena, mother of Constantine, was | shown the sacred kerchief and was so impressed that she had it incased in a | casket of silver and enamel, and it is | that casket, with the kerchief within, | which Heaphy saw at St. Pressades. | Copies of Peter's head of Christ on the kerchief closely resemble the Christ of the Catacombs. | How many early Christians were fa- | miliar with the Catacombs, piinting is | uncertain, but the chances are that many were. It naturally would be an | object of curiosity and veneration. Cer- | tain it is that likenesses found in widely | separated places bear a close resem- blance to this original. Even some Rus- | sian ikons of the Christ head are strik- | ingly like the original. | _If, as seems likely, the Christ of the | Catacombs is in fact an accurate like- | ness, painters of the head of Jesus for | m2ny centuries have been actonishingly Man of Sorrows looked like. Fifty Years Ago In The Star A profound sensation was caused 50 years ago by the indictment of three & former members Ex-Detectives and of the Thieves Indicted. detective force and several others on charges of theft, connivance of theft and receiving stolen _property. The Star in its issue of February 27 eays: The Citizens' Committee, who have so vigorously and courageously prose- cuted the self-impcsed task of hunting | down the thieves who have so long preyed upon this community deserve and receive the gratitude of all honest | people of the District. They have aroused into an active assertion of its power the law, which, as against the thieves' gang, seemed paralyzed. It now rests with the ccurts to finish the work so admirably inaugurated by the committee. The leading spirits of the gang of robbers have been indicted and the evidence against some of them, at | least, appears to be sufficient to war- rant conviction, But whether by means of technicalities or by the law’s delays, or through other methods, the guilty escape the legal punishment they de- | serve, one good result is accomplished. The combination between officials and criminals, which made Washington a sort of thieves' paradise, has been broken up and the officers who made burglary easy here have been deprived of power to do any further harm as public officers. The authorities have received a lesson that will, no doubt. make them more vigilant hereafter, and the city will enjoy that protection which the law should extend.” * % In the news columns of the same| issue The Star said: Officials Victims light of - recent of Intimidation. 4% Vo pments, wonder how it happened that this state of affairs could continue in this city for so many years, while at the same time there have been numerous changes in the personnel and management of the District government and the police force. It is evident that these men could not have worked so boldly unless there had been some winking or closing of official eyes. This is now alleged to be the actual fact, and the unsteadi- ness in the official eyes was occasioned by the industry of the detective officers and their pals in making themselves acquainted with the private lives of their official superiors. This scrutiny was not confined to their superiors alone, but extended to members of Congress and others, and in this way the accused acquired a hold upon the fears of men that made this gigantic system of public plunder not only pos- sible, but long lived. The specialty of these men has been for years personal history, and they attempted to use the same weapons in warding off this in- vestigation. In other words, the system of blackmailing or intimidation has terrorized the honest men and the thieves have flourished in consequence. The information thus obtained was by no means in all cases of & criminal character, but there are not many men who can hear threats of exposure of certain in their lives with composure, and the ex-detectives were thoroughly acquainted with this weak- ness of human nature.” * “A great many people, in the * *x “As there is apparently no possibility of establishing an alibi in the cases of : all the persons indicted “Professional by the ';'nm juryum s+ » Monday in connection c.w‘ty' with the lately exposed detective rascalities.” says The Star of March 1, 1883, “it would seem to be in order for the several implicated parties to plead the fact that they were simply acting in a ‘professional ca- ons . does an ‘individual of the Tombs lawyer stripe get caught in an illegal or ir- regular act than he pleads his privi- leges as an attotney and sets up the claim that he was acting in the matter in a professional and confidential ca- pacity. 8o it is with the detectives. No matter what infamous and criminal ey may be engaged in, they they acting mnmu purely St ‘were pro- fessional capacity and that that sort. District | /New Field Opened | For Lumber Trade BY HARDEN COLFAX. An entirely new field has b2en opened | up for the lumber industry as a result of research work by Government ex- perts, in co-operation with private in- tcrests, according to a Teport just com- pleted by the Department of Commerce. The latest development, involving the use of metal connectors, increases the strength of American construction Jum- ber some four to eight times, thus giv- ing designers vastly more latitude in the use of wood for construction, along with appreciable economies in costs. ‘The customary wood joints, chiefly made through the application of bolts, have always placed definite limitations on the usefulness of lumber as a con- struction material. To strengthen these joints has been the problem never solved until now. For 14 years the National Committee on Wood Utilization of the Department of Commerce has worked on this problem. The director, Axel H. Oxholm, learned of these deve! ments in the German army during war. Years of investigation followed | until he had brought back to America complete information in European invention and experience in the metal connectors field. The Forest Products Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture conducted the tests of these connectors when applied to Ameri- can woods. * ok x ‘The saw mills of the future, the pres- ent report indicates, will engage in the advance fabrication of building lumber, cut, drilled and shaped to the exact form ready for erection. Furthermore, such lumber may now be chemically treated to resist fire and the attacks of insects and decay. Using the new metal connectors, the erection of wooden buildings will closely follow the method already adopted by the struc- ural steel industry. This system of wood construction, while new to the United States, is not new in the old world. In Europe wooden buildings are towering higher | and higher against the sky. Just now two wooden radio towers of 525 feet | are being built for the German gov- ernment. Dirigible hangars of mam- | moth dimensions, built of wood, have | been in service in Europe for several | years. ‘The new type of construction has | done more than help buflding. It has given a renewed hope of recovery for the lumber industry. In the industrial field the metal connectors have already attained considerable importance, not- ably in the making of furniture, auto- mobile bodies, farm implements, min- ing equipment and machinery. The lumber industry has already en- dorsed the idea. An official of the United States Building and Loan League, pointing out how much national pros- perity depends on the progress of the building and construction industry, de- clared that modern connectors for tim- ber construction represent a most sig- nificant advance in wood construction technique, with resultant economy. This system, he said, approaches the engineering ideal of maximum strength with a minimum of 3 possible through the ingenious increase of the load-bearing capacity of the ordi- nary bolted joint. (Copyright, 1933.) of thing on their ;nn, is necessary enable them to detect crimes xxu:3 mitted by others. Why let the plea stop here? The receiver of stolen goods is also acting in a professional capacity, :mninmndhllhlyhconndemhl one, too, loesn', happen to get exposed. Likewise the Ivur‘llx:'. the h‘lghwlymm and the confidence man—he, too, is act- ing in a professional capacity, when- ever he is engaged in entering a house, robbing a lone or fleecing an innocent counf . That is the profession he has adopted for a lveli- hood, and according to his code he has a right to follow it, no matter it his pursuit of it does lead him occasionally to do things which a supersensitive public sentiment may refuse to approve, !f.el all the ltl;lcnmlmwd parties, there- fore, assert thelr dignity and stand on their professional rights.” ——— Billboards and Fuel. Prom the Indianapolis News. The nature enthusiasts are after bill- o el B S R