Evening Star Newspaper, March 6, 1932, Page 28

r2 THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MARCH 6, 1932—PART TWO. _THE EVENING STAR « ‘With Sunday Morming WASHINGTON, D. C.. SUNDAY..een....March 6, 1032 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor : tar N ‘tlv-hsgm ewspaper Eventually picture post cards were | driven for the Archives Building, while ‘printed in immense volume. Hundreds| the Internal Revenue and Commerce of millions of them have been semt| Bufldings rest upon some 20,000 of throughout the world. As travel became { these concrete “legs,” reaching down to easier and cheaper and more and more | the hard pan. The concrete mixers add people went visiting into strange lands | a minor note to the cadence of con- the volume of cards swelled, until dur- ing the “tourist season” the mall pouches bear more cards than letters. For the picture card is & convenlent form of maintaining communication. A P e A Eng! Rate by Carrier Within the City. Buar . . .4fic per mon! 4 Bundays) . 80¢ per month The Evenjng and Sunday Star ¢when § Sundays) = month y .,.B5C jer copy ‘mads wf the end 6f each month. may be et in by mall or telephons fattonat Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Sunday.....1yr., $10.00; 1 mo.. Bty REo All Other States and Canads. Sunday...1 yr. $1200: 1 mo. 31,00 flr% iy figE imos 500 Member of the Associated Press. Associated Press is exclusively ectitled Pasthes edhied o It o ot otterwise cred: iso the local news tion ot s of pudl [ The Country Cries for Security. cards to one who is sent a letter. Sta- tistics of the post card industry would 4n | mount into veritably astronomical fig- ures. Great sums have been made in profits from this industry. And count- less multitudes of people have become acquainted with the exterior appearance of places far beyond the range of their own travels. In all this remarkable de- velopment of his stmple enterprise the name of Heinrich Lange has not gone far beyond Gottingen, Now that he is dead it behooves the post card buyers of all nationalities to pay him & tribute of gratitude for his contribution to their pleasure and that of their friends back home, — China's Greatest Enemy. ‘While the Shanghai “war that is not despite international efforts to effect a suspension of hostilities, with & re- he instant and intense outcry of |Port of total Chinese casualties reck- g American people against the kid- of the Lindbergh baby was in- in part sympathy for the ts of the even greater degree by a sense of out- rage at the crime as the latest mani- it festation of the spirit of lawlessness|has been despoiling that oned at 20,000, including 7,000 dead, comes word of an estimate by an American representative at Shanghai by child, and in perhaps | of the cost of another war from which China has been a terrible sufferer. That is the war of the waters, which unhappy that has prevailed in this country so{land for many years, indeed for flagrantly for several years. In vir-|centuries. The estimate places the loss tually every city of the United States|of property in the Yangtze flood of organized crime is rampant. Gang- |the past season at $500,000,000 and the sters work rackets, with murder as a[loss of life at 150,000. Two thousand compulsory bindrance from the law. accompaniment, with little | square miles of territory were covered Kidnaping | by the flood, of which sixty per cent has become a lucrative occupstion, with | was under cultivation. only rare instances of punishmens, ‘The great rivers of China are at once Hold%ups and burglaries, often with |its great blessing and its great menace. killings, have been multiplied until | They irrigate the sofl and produce me‘ or bear, there is inevitable dissatisfac- their “news value” has diminished to |crops upon which hundreds of millions:tion among speculators who bet the the rate of ordinary accidents. A demand has been voiced through- -out the country for the adoption and application of more rigorous penalties. Bills have been introduced in State Legislatures now in session to stiffen of people rely for sustenance. They afford easy transport for goods. But they take their enormous toll almost periodically. Of protective and restrain- ing works there is practically none. From time to time in the recent past the laws, and a measure is proposed in | éfforts have been made to control the Oongress to make kidnaping with in- | fioods by embankments, but these works terstate transport punishable by death, | Bave been inadequately planned and even But the adoption of these proposals|less adequately executed. There hes would not effect much, if anything, in | been no systematic endeavor to estab- the way of deterring the baby stealers, [ ish a levee or dike system. Since the even as the Baumes laws in New York, overthrow of the empire the land has been subject to spasmodic and unco- with their life penalties for fourth of- fenders, have not appreciably lowered ordinated systems of administration, in- the percentage of crime in that State, | terrupted by civil wars and such at- The remedy is not to be found in stiffer | YeMPts as have been made to institute punishments, but in surer punishments. The most grievous fault of the Amer- ican law-enforcement system lies in its slowness, its uncertainty. The crim- inal, even when caught “red-handed,” has, as & rule, the advantage. He is protected by the very machinery of the Judicial process. He is admitted to bail pending trial, which is usually long delayed. He has an excellent chance to break down the indictment through some technicality. He can protract the extension, which the congested courts are prone He has a fair chance for scquittal through lack of evidence and an almost even chance of & hung jury, possibly through the “fixing” of a member of the panel. He has rights of appeal on trifling grounds of error, and each appeal consumes months, and many of these appeals are granted by absurd hair-splitting reasoning by ap- peliate courts. When retried, after dis- agreement or grant of appeal following conviction, the case against him is no Reform of the court processes has ‘been repeatedly urged and from time to time has been undertaken. Resuits, however, have been few. the percentage of crime has increased and today the wilds of the remote coun- tries, the frontiers of civilization, the jungles and the Joulest slums of the old world are safer than are the cities of this country for the average person. With all the police protection afforded by civic organization even the brightly- lighted streets are dangerous to all but the criminal. It is no wonder that the country is crying out furiously for the punishment of those who stole the Lindbergh baby in New Jersey and those who took the little boy in Niles, Ohio. This uproar is the voice of an outraged people, im- patient of the ineffectiveness of the legal machinery to make crime too dangerous to be prosecuted as a means of livellhood. The pity of the matter is that these outbursts of public pas- sion usually lapse after & few days. ‘The hope is that this present Nation- wide protest may cause the immediate reformation of the trial and punish- ment system of the country to the end that American civilization will not lapse into barbarism. ——— As a rich and powerful overlord of the underworld Al Capone's offer of a reward in the Lindbergh case may Justify a hope of results; especially if #n implied threat can be read into it by the interpreters among his following. e A Benefactor of Humanity. A man died the other day at Got- .tingen, Germany, who was utterly un- known to millions of people who have benefited greatly from an invention With which he was credited. This was Heinrich Lange, a stationer in a modest wvay of business in that city. Gottingen is one of the most picturesque of the ©old German citles, containing numerous relics of the medieval times. It has enjoyed a great tide of visitation from tourists of all nationalities. Herr Lange, dealer in writing materials, one day Jong ago conceived the idea of having i noise that these building constructions protective works have been checked by lack of funds and by distracted at- tention on the part of the government authorities. Surveys have been made by foreign engineers in behalf of successive Chi- nese governments, without any definite endeavor to carry them into execution. The task of construction would call for an enormous sum, but hardly as great as the loss from a single season of in- undation, such as that just reported. Half a billion dollars, honestly ex- pended and with the work efficiently directed, would perhaps provide & bar- rier against the overflowing waters of the Yangtze. Such a work, however, would require fafthful conservation to prevent deterioration and to check rascally reprisals by bandits and the forces of rebellious “war lords” seek- ing the overthrow of the central gov- ernment. China's need for peace, from both foreign and domestic foes, is the greater for the sake of the construction of & system of protective river levees. At least & decade would be required for the completion of a dependable project. Given such & period of quiet and a competent, honest administration and the faithful prosecution of a work of | this character, and China would be assured of freedom from its greatest enemy of all and of a consequent re- lief to a very great extent fram the ravages of the foe of famine, which sweeps the land after each great in- undation. ————— Psychiatrists unable to contribute any practical advice in a crime investigation may at least find unlimited material to interest them in the deluge of letters obviously from cranks. —_— vt No matter how completely an old- time kidnaper has reformed, he retains one trait of the old life. He still loves his publicity when it can be safely secured. The Welcome Din of Construction. Beginning tomorrow work on the foundation for the new Post Office De- partment, at the northeast corner of the great rectangle lying immediately east of the Commerce Building, will be pushed forward on a two-shift basts, beginning at six o'clock in the morning and continuing until ten o'clock at night. An electric lighting system has been installed to permit this extension of the labors after the fall of darkness. Thus for several weeks the chugging of the steam pile drivers will be heard after the close of the business day as this great enterprise is pressed forward at top speed. The nolse of the work, however, will be welcome to the ears of Washingtonians, who have been walting for a good many years for the undertaking of this great program ofl Government constructions and now view the signs of activity with more than complacency. Somebody with a disposition toward | statistics may compute the amount of included in the Government program entafl. The results would mount to what have come to be known as astro- nomical figures. First there are the power shovels, less nolsy now that gaso- line has replaced steam in their opera- tion. They puff and snort continuous- ly as’the millions of cubic yards of earth are removed. The hauling trucks, too, add to the din as they tell up the slopes and ramps with their heavy loads. pictures of some of Gottingen's quaint architectural features printed on post cards for convenient use by these visi- tors. They found a ready sale. This led to an expansion of the scope of the enterprise, and soon the Lange cards were in demand in various parts of Germany. Others caught the idea and developed it. A London firm of print- ers went in for oolors. more brilliant cards found even readier ssle. ’ r Compressed air drills, used to rid the sites of old concrete foundations, fur- struction harmony. After the piling is driven and the THE BEAUTIFUL GATE BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREGMAN, D. D, LL. D, Bishop of Washington. Tezt: “The beautiful gate of the coughing of the drivers has been stilled | femple.—Acts, #ii.10. will come a period of comparative sflence, Then the steel will be erected, and with steel comes a furious clatter of the riveters. That is the most trying of all the sounds incidental to con- struction. Accompanying the rat-a- tat-tat of the riveters will be the throb- bing of cranes, lifting the steel into place and later hoisting the stones for the outer surfacing of the buildings and other material for the interior finish, Now that the Internal Revenue and Commerce Buildings are finished and occupied they are themselves scenes of peace, But the din continues close to them. In a few weeks the entire area from Seventh to Fourteenth streets will be the scene of a bustling, clamorous Gates or portals are the avenues of approach to life’s experiences, Through them we pass into the larger sphere of service. Our approach to them and our regard for their significance has a determining effect upon our life, its habit and practice. If we approach them reluctantly, our experience within the temple to which they lead will be colored by our attitude. If we them gladly and expectantly, it renders our whole after experience profitable and compensating. The above text refers to an interest- ing bit of narrative in the early days of the Christian church. It is recorded that Peter and John, as their habit was, went up to the temple to pray. ‘When they came to the gate of the activity, Perhaps some of the my'l,mph they were greeted by & lame guests will be annoyed by these mani- | pegear who sought & gift from their festations. But they should be com- forted by the reflection that every harsh note that enters their ears will a war” continues its lamentable course | signify the fact that hundreds of men are being kept in employment in this great enterprise. Eight hundred alone Il be working on the four-structure site east of the Commerce Building when the night shift is added. That fact should moderate the annoyance|Strong caused by the clatter. The pushing of this work is in the interest of Government economy. Every week that is gained in construction means the closer aproach of the time when the Federal Service will be housed in its own bulldings and rents will| oy cease to be pald for inadequate quarters. It is a wise dispensation thus to press the construction program as speedily as the requirements of sound building permit. ‘Whether the stock market goes bull other way. Cutting an already much economized Government pay roll is no way for Uncle S8am to encourage liberal spend- ing. Hopewell, N. J,, has suddenly become a crowded town. Lindbergh's desire has always been to avold crowds, but destiny has defeated him at every turn. oo Hawall is recognized as one of the ‘world’s most delightful spots. Crime has not spared it any more than it spared Atlantic City, N. J. ‘The greatest of all oratorical contests is at hand, the price being the most honorable office within the gift of the American people. Steamships are offering sea trips on the monthly payment plan. This will enable some of the tourists to remember the trip long after it is concluded. ————— ‘Those who find their income taxes less than a year ago will find no satis- faction in figures which show an im- pressive reduction of income. —_—————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Hoarding. “Your money it is wrong to hoard,” So sald a patient friend ‘Who when he paid for room and board Had reached his purse's end. Said he, “I have been warned to pause In a career too rash, And called a spendthrift just because I would not save my cash. “Still, to expend I boldly try More than I can afford And boldly flaunt this alibl, ‘I Have No Cash to Hoard.'” Looking for the Most Readers, “Why do you refer to politics as “a great game”? “My publicity,” replied Senator Sorghum, “needs all the readers possi- ble. I want to see if I can’t get it & chance on the sporting page.” He Immediately Pulls a Gun. Jud Tunkins says the gold brick swindle s off the map. A man who intends to rob you doesn’t even take the trouble to engage you in polite conver- sation. Overworked. Police are now 8o busy near and far That I'm remarking ‘There may not be enough to check my car For overparking. Art Discrimination. “Do you admire pictures?” “Yes,” answered Miss Cayenne. “But not those that the boys print in some of the college magazines.” “Do not tell us,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “that women are leamn- ing to fight. They always knew how.” Values. Of gold we always talk a lot. ‘The real care Of this life is what have you got To eat and wear. “When & man brags about bein' a lucky crapshooter,” sald Uncle Eben, “dat’s another time not to get yohse't into no argument.” ——o—t e Sure Thing. Prom the Minneapolls Jnur:::. S There's no doubt aboul Ogden Mills is the greatest Secretary of the Treasury since Mellon. ——— Col. Dempsey. From the Bt. Louls 'n-um e is to be mi a Ken cogen!: , which is a promotion over a mere ring general. ] The Real Goat. From the Columbus Ohie State Journal. Possibly two can live as cheaply as one, butyu throws an awful straln on the groeer. nish a staccato of emphasis, with occasional blasts of explosives. Next come the drivers, with scores of steam-impelled strokes driving down the piles. Approximately twenty thou- sand piles will be required for the unit now under way, with many thousand more already driven for the Depart~ Sort of Squiffly. Prom the Toledo Blade. Lalk So far this Winter seems what the late T. R. called & chocolate eclair backbone. ————t Cost of Politics. Prom the Duluth Herald. It st the first cost of & political a posit . ment of Justice and more soon to be machine; m'mummmnn- and intolerance of r hands. For a moment their course was stayed. The purpose of their visit to the house of prayer was interrupted, but it furnished a fitting prelude to their devotions. In to response beggar's plea for a gift, Peter sald uummtfiunt.: “Sllver nndmxue: to salutation, and with the of Peter'’s right hand, we arose and walked Tecog needs. ve of phyll.l:le 11 iritunl 88 well as spiritual ‘The whole incident is s.. ‘worship. the mr&uemddm . Itv:{fi‘noc wide of the mark to say that our attitude in our approach to the gate of the temple determines very largely our outlook upon life. If it be -ppm-ched in the spirit of reverence; it represents to us the noble and truer ideals of life; if it be the portal to the “Where is a joyous privilege imposed discipline. to make the gateway of the temple beautiful, the avenue of approach to 's ces, is | medal. life's highest and noblest experien i m”' Aol GRS ‘To the young in pa seems forbidding and s somber and shadowy outl speaks of a religious faith and practice quite out of consonance with the buoy- ant action and bright e tations of Roosevelt-Smith Clash May Cause Dissension in Ranks of Democrats BY GEORGE VAN SLYKE. NEW YORK, March 5—Each step forward in the campaign of rivals for the Democratic nomination for Presi- dent gives further evidence drifting into a dangerous fac- national organization and its chances of flc%rflpefl!lnn of some like the n Bquare convention of 1924 and the sectional conflict of 1928. ‘The clash between Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt and Alfred E. Smith for con- trol is out in the open at last, after months of shadow boxing. It polite, friendly contest any longer. amenities are being discarded. fight for political life. Bitterness which long has smoldered under the surface is breaking through. Al Smith discarded his pretense of being & “receptive, but inactive” candi- date this week by authorizing over his signature his entry in the chusetts primary, and at the same time Frank Hague of New Jersey, his polit- ical fleld marshal, charge in the New England States and began -u:'u:s SLmM and man: a big drive, well with political sk * x x % ‘With the uncovering of Smith's mili- tant candidacy, the religious issue has in New Hampshire as through the party into the deep South and the Far West. Al Smith cannot move outside his own State, apparently, without reviving that issue. Tammany, silent, sullen and watch- ful, becomes more and more & deter- mining factor in this dramatic rivalry of Roosevelt and Smith. The situation has reached the point that support of New York's 94 delegates is essential to Gov. Roosevelt. His removal of one Tammany sheriff, followed by the im- mediate appointment of another Tam- many regular to the job, has somewhat relieved the tension in New York, bui the effect this week on the Roosevelt following elsewhere has been bad. The Governor is believed to have lost ground because of it. L ‘The favorite sons are driviny convinced at last that Al Smil the fight in earnest and that a coalition to hold Roosevelt through the early stages of the convention is & reality even now. * ok ok ¥ Meanwhile, as the fighting grows more intense on the Democratic side, President Hoover has completed his third year in the White House this week. Assured another nomination, the President approaches the can convention with amazingly little parti- san trouble on his hands. The leaders are telling him the worst is over, that he has come through three terrible years with less dam: than might have been expected that whatever the Republicans are unable to do for him in times of adversity the Demo- crats are t their best to do. Politi- cal lines are tightening in Congress as Speaker Garner guards the Democratic possessions and his own boom goes on apace. ‘The Democracy will be watching | pe nervously next Tuesday night for re- turns from the New Hampshire pri- mary, the first test at the polls be- tween Gov. Roosevelt and Al Smith. The little New land State, with her eight votes, probably never has taken on lr’ch wn;';lonu importance in a Dem- ocratic 8Ty. * X % Until five weeks ago New Hampshire was conceded to Gov. Roosevelt with- out an argument. Then Al Smith be- came a “receptive but inactive” candi- date. His friends in Massachusetts, his stronghold on the Atlantic seaboard, began moving. The campeign spread into the bordering State. In two weeks the Smith forces had begun to show fight. During the last week they have been making & real campaign under the direction of Frank Hague and John J. Curtin of New York, the latter being a close friend of Mr. Smith. And in the closing clash the old religious issue has flared up again. Sec- ond to that in importance has come the projection of prohibition into the primary. Smith's friends evidently divide naturally into two cl on those two issues. Either they are vio- lently for or against him on one or the other. The Smith forces, liberally supplied with money, took the offensive this week and instantly, in spite of all the Roosevelt managers could do, the Smith Democrats and anti-Smith Democrats were at it again, with Roose- velt caught between. Excepf for the moral effect, the outcome in New ire will very gates. But the way the Smith candi- dacy has sha itself there, where tolerance is not as unknown as in some that the | po know once that ides had would be doubly difficult for to win back the rt of Smith's serve as the real weapon in bringing about & deadlock, the need for a com- e on & candidate not touched by d;l!:fl.y issue will be almost in- escapable. Similarly, the situation exists in Massachusetts where Bmith now has entered formally as an avowed candidate instead of an ‘“inactive” candidate, thereby changing his status nationally. Indeed, it is 0 complex that the Roose- velt managers are considering not press- g::u e Governor’s candidacy in that 's primary, evidently on guard against stirring the Smith elements in | finished the Northeast to unnecessary antagon- ism. Naturally, the chief concern is how far beyond those local contests the issues now shaping in New England may go. * x x % ‘Tammany’s attitude in relation to Gov. Roosevelt and Al Smith is a political anomaly. For 20 years Mr. Smith was a straight organization man. Tammany nominated him for Governor five times and elected him four; worked for twice for the dency. Roosevelt never has been s ht or- ganization, in the degree Smith was. As State Senator 20 years ago, Roosevelt began fighting Tammany. His relations with the organization as Governor have been strained and uncertain. Yet the Tammany issue never particularly both- ered Smith. It was taken for grnmed It constitutes a major problem Gov. Roosevelt. Tammany is just at ent, on friendlier terms with Roosevelt than with Smith, and that friendship, hard to establish and difficult to maintain, is most displeasing to Democrats in the West and South, where lies the Gover- nor’s main support. (Copyright. 1932.) Commerce Department Probes Business Breaks BY HARDEN COLFAX. The principal causes of business fail- ures in the United States, in five rep- resentative cities in which the Depart- ment of Commerce has made or is making surveys, are now described as “unjustified entrance into business"— due to lack of capacity, training and experience, incompetence, lent capital, poor location, too high over- head cl , bad personal habits and adverse family conditions —and “too easy credit from wholesalers.” The fn tions of the depart. ment, now nearly complete, are into economic conditions before bankruptcy rrmedinn are taken. It is admitted hat incompetent and dishonest indi- viduals and concerns have heretofore found it too easy to relieve themselves of their obligations once assumed. This has resulted in an increase of fraudu- lent practices, and it is this, in part, that the new bankruptcy law recom- mended by President Hoover and now fore is aimed to stop. purposes of the new leg- remedy the lack of cred- ver business failures. The the loss of creditor control are sought in the surveys of the De- partment of Commerce. * x x % In carrying out their investigations, Tepresentatives of the department in- caching.thein imedital afich -pprmchmm ’fv‘ after they had their petitions at the At the same e, obtained to serve as a check, as well as informa- tion from court records, including scheduled assets and liabilities. More than 900 cases in Boston, 600 in Newark and 1400 in Chicago are being studied. The value of such a study is evident when it is remembered that, from 1906 to 1931, the number of failures in this country rose from some 10,000 to more than 60,000, with an annual cost of nearly a billion dollars. ccording to the Solicitor General of the United States, whose report of les was submitted to Congress with the President’s message, the lia- bilities due to bankruptcies in the dec- ade between 1921 and 1931 increased {from $170,000,000 to more than $1,000,- 000,000. Most of this, it is believed, could be prevented if the creditors themselves were a little less lax in ex- tending credit. * ok % ‘The President's special message Congress calling attention to the need for reform of bankruptcy law, fol- lowed by the introduction by Senator Hastings of Delaware of a bill drawn in the Department of Justice to carry into One of to sections, convinces the party leaders|effect the President's recommendations, elsewhere that the former Governor cannot go through the battle of the convention without projecting the reli- and prohibif {ssues as termining factors. ‘The party leaders ere sense that danger and deplore it. They de- nounce it, but fear it. They know the religious question is double-barreled. The Roosevelt men seek sible way to avold in such everywh found the Department of Commerce's bankruptcy surveys under and sev- eral new ones nearing tion, and other ures are Capital Sidelights thful strategist without peer,” -ihe yout man fight.” Among miscellaneous papers relating to Washington, publishea as early as 1539,11;.110% ths‘;ccount of the con- gressior to_ Washington: “When the Continental Congress received the 1nf ce of the evacuation of Bos- ton, they resolved, ‘That the thanks of this Congress, lg;‘l’ who won a victory without a spirited conduct at the siege and ac- quisition of Boston; and that s medal be struck in commemoration of the great event and presented to His Ex- cellency; and that a committee of three be appointed to prepare a letter of thanks and a proper device for the ‘The ittee were John Stephen Hop- John Hancock, President hn of the Con~ Washington by letter concerning the resolution of i Congress with regard to “To General Washington, ey Philadelphia, 2nd, April, 1776 ‘Sir: It gives me the most sensible leasure to convey to you, by order of , the only tribute which a free {Hmlc will ever consent to y—the bute of thanks and gratitude to ir friends and benefactors, The disinterested and rmow: principles gmhmhdbyo; ur? haan‘eld have also 2, A0 ords little consolation Fl ren compensation for them, exci the pleasure of promoting their happi- ness, they may, without your permis sion, bestow upon you “the ' largest share of their affections and esteem. ‘Those pages in the annals of Amer- dea will record your title to a con- spicuous place in the temple of fame, ::lnh shall inform pmzq-gy that, un- untry by onhx:udlu“mudy o A te classification is described co L3 ve veterans, separate cl t commanded by the most ced | by the Bureau of the Census as the generals, but employed by men in the worst of causes, was, by the forti- tude of Lour troops and the address of their ers, to the kind inter- position of Providence, confined for near a year within such narrow limits s scarcely to .?mtn:m room than Was necessary for encampments and fortifications they lately plh.n. doned. therefore, thanks of the United Colonies, unani- mously declared by their delegates to be due to you and the brave officers and troops under your command; and leased them Py A mar) a) bation of their country. The to the occasion to be struck, and when to be presented to you. “I have the honour to be, with every sentiment of esteem, Sir, your most obedient and very humble servant, “JOHN HANCOCK, President.” At the same time, John Adams wrote a private letter to General Washington, expressing his interest, enthusiasm and appreclation. “8ir: I congratulate you, as well as all the friends of mankind, on the re- duction of Boston, an event which ap- pears to me of so it and decisive importance that, the next momi after the arrival of the news, I di myself the honour to move for the thanks of Congress to your Excellency, and that a medal of gold should be struck in commemoration of it. Con- gress have been pleased to appoint me, with two other gentleren to prepare a device. I should be very happy to have your Excellency’s sentiments concern- ing a proper one. I have the honour to be, with very great respect, Sir, your most obedient and affectionate servant, “JOHN ADAMS.” ‘The medal itself is described in the old chronicle in the following manner: “The medal, which was struck in Paris, contains on the obversé a head of ‘Washi) in profile, exhibiting an excellent likeness, and around it the inscription: ‘Georgio Washington Su- premo Ducl Exercituum Adsertori Libertatis Comitia Americana.’ On the reverse is the town of Boston in the distance, with a fleet in view under sail. Wi and ’hh omcden ln;“h n|n‘ horseback in the foreground, e pointing to the ships as they depart from the hubourfi‘e”uucflwn mon Il‘:u “Hosti- bus Primo ostonium Recuper- atum XVII Martii MD(X:!..HW..Per The Legislature of Massachusetts, also took an early oc&xl:; wwvreu‘m u} Washington an re e ive of respect fid affection. The obligations of the entire country were commented on with deep sincerity and they thanked the young general warmly for ‘“the deference h‘e‘mnrubly showed to the civil authorities.” Washington made & reply, “recipro- cating their kind sentiments. He congratulated them on the vi ctory which had the effusion of blood,” but intimated that|the attempt upon the Queen’s life is duty and that he wished for oth:f than that arising from satisfaction in fulfilling an important trust. He added that he wished that|of a)) the nations his services might “contribute to the establishment of freedom and peace, u) a permanent foundation, and merit .K: applause of his countrymen and every uous citizen.” ‘Washington's headquarters, when he entered Boston, after the evacuation of the British, were those which had Gen. Howe's, and were situated in the home of Mrs. Edwards, at the head of State street. A pleasing story is told of the brilliant young general and the lovely Htll:.grl.nddl\uhm of Mrs. Ed- wards. Washington it know which were her little p's favorites, “the Redcoats or my ragged fellows.” “The Redcoats,” answered the child promptly. “My dear,” exclaimed the usually grave commander in chief, “they took Paveod boys_ace St ones for AeRHnE N T ys are the ones for T The light of boyish exuberance in his keen blue eyes was of rarer gold to the men who had so gallantly chosen and followed him than the metal of the famous medal presented to him by an almost adoring Nation. frequent cause of faflure. This is shown by large losses on bad debts, the trouble experienced in collecting ac- counts and the large proportion of credit extended without thorough inves- tigation of the debtors. The present general economié situa- tion is, of course, a large factor in business failures and an auxiliary effect has been the decline in real estate values. On the other hand, a very con- siderable number of failures could be shown to be due to speculation outside of business, a certain number to gam- bling, in & personal way, and still oth- ers to dishonesty or fraud. In some cages, the department points out, in its P ) study of bankruptcies in New Jersey, he bill or not, the fact remains that “the responsibllity should be placed in :f:m: untll May 19, 1849, that an- a large part the creditors them- selves wfi: n.‘l?e%‘: to investigate before e credit. . Shortl E 0| suspicious moimx characters were de- Merchandising An indication that the rural and small-, town sections of the United States have an extraordinary economic tenacity and are far from being destitute is provided in new Government figures showing the farmers’ hardship has recurred like & Greek chorus, the halls of Congress, o wpenics TepeSting s commpiaint of ne e plaint over and over again. Yet these rural dwellers find money enough to carry on this large volume of retail trading. More than half of the American pulation—56.2 per cent to be exact— zuloundlnmclflu. ‘This does a little over two-thirds o?om buying, but this preponderance must be read weighted with m factors. The res which show that the rural and dwellers buy 30 per cent of the goods sold at retal two huge classes of goods consumed by these people. They are the mail order goods and the chiefly food products, which are consumed by the them or by mail-order cata- logue. In some places the Bible is miss- ing. In households where no one can read, the mail-order catalog is con- sulted just the same. Its 1- lustrations serve to indicate what read letters can read It not, such persons select P! of what they desire and get the or some more literate indt to do the int . Obviously, then, there is a lume of retaill buying being from which spring so many individuals who work their way up in the scale of na- BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. do not include | stops. in the Country a monotonous round of i or office work. i 683 stor & trade of $1,927,622,967 a roads the farmers come periodically to buy. On Saturday nights and on court days their vehicles, as miscellaneous of de- scription as the ships of Hy Brasil, are clustered around the general emporium o the court house or the m&:u d:'mu‘en owners are spending buying the various manufactured goods they require on their farms. has It has been ascertained that a store in a city of lomwe'm ofe'lc\n:,:n day. s o - "\ does not, of course, include the ent stores. Contrasted is the fact that the country shows an average of 90 customers. For the entire United States the ta sales of retall T & year. mmmnun&!s--m towns, between 1,000 and 10, capita average is $339. Fifty Years Ago In The Star Interstate Commerce. for a long time of March 1, 1882 says: i legislation has received & large share of attention in Congress for several years, and is no nearer solution than when it was first introduced. of Congress to te_in- ] of Tepresent ly that they E same quantity of frei tance at proportionately the that they receive for a long * * % On the second of March, 1882, 2 man attempted to take the life of m Attempt to Kill o ne %, 2108 at ber at Queen Victoria. Wondsor T 1iway caj unhurt. The man, named Mac- ugeni’ was arrested. The Star of March 3, 1882 srys: “Not even in the British Empire, where she 18 most deservedly loved and honored, is the feeling of gratification at Queen Victoria's escape more ceraqu or eral than in the United States. Queen has endeared her- self to the people of this country by her many acts of true womanly , and especially by the solicitude she mani- fested in the fate of our late m: President and the kind consideration she exhibited for his bereaved family. Another gratifying fact connected with that it was inspired by a diseased mind litical Pons T is ; for a blot upon the Pivilization of this century should one of the most advanced and enlightened produce a conspiracy against the life of this legitimate ruler and that ruler a woman. But happlly there is nothing of this kind to deplore. “Nothwithstanding the Queen’s pop- ularity and the beneficence of her rule, her life has been put in jeopardy by would-be assassins a number of times and on several previous occasions she was actually fired at. In May, 1839, & man was taken in custody ¢ ing the Queen's life. stealing up the steps of Buckingham Palace apparently with murderous in- two other around the palace, but whether they had any connection with the crank of the steps was never dis- covered. On the 11th of June, 1840, & youth named Oxford attempted to shoot the Queen and Prince Albert, her hus- band, who were together. Oxford was shown to be insane and was confined life. '““me next occurrence which had the appearance of evil design upon the life of the Queen was in the same year, 1840, when an individual known as ‘Indigo Jones' was found secreted in Buckingham Palace on the second of December. He was punished with a few months’ imprisonment as a rogue; but in March following he was again caught in the place and that time sent aboard a man of war, which managed to leave him somewhere outside of England. There has always been considerable | th! doubt as to v‘:hmm he had i W, T (he of May, 1843, down Constitu “On the 30th Queen was_dri Hill, one John Francis fired at but missed her. He was sentenced to death, tation that it will take drastic assert the authority of the the Sino-Japanese crisis is proability is that it will from the waiting policy Council, which has tion drift from stage to it is out of hand. Under article XVI of the nmfi.wm- obligation financ! 3 TH § £ gf i £ H 525 to ot ol ear] its tive. % * by, by acfion that W] the E i 3 most ji the community. It is rm who were most insistent on declaring war on Germany for neutrality of Belgium who are most clamorous against in defense of the sanctity of treaties. powers doubtless are mainly and the fact that Britain has not dorsed America's January note in erence to Manchuria is regarded as s capital blunder in British m ‘while Senially’ Sooephed o ot generally acoe] as much the influential action yet taken. was distinctly visible in events in the Far East week and it has done :‘l:‘c::chmytbnuuehmwm movement in America for boy- cotting Japanese trade has attracted extraordinary attention here as evidence of popular feeling on the other side of the Atlantic. * This inability to co-ordinate the policies of the League and America in the presence of a common crisis, in regard to which the points of view of both are in essential ent, is the subject of discussion litical and League circles. The fact is implicit n the absence of the United States from the League and, while there is no ex- ractluon entertained that America ikely to cease being independent of the League, it is felt that the present crisis has revealed the urgent n some machine which wonld the e and the United .| act swiftly and in sympathy in