Evening Star Newspaper, February 28, 1932, Page 52

A THE SUNDAY STAR, GEORGE WASHINGTON'S TRAVELS WASHINGTON, D. C., FEBRUARY 28, 1932—PART FOUR. orically Correct Sk By CALVIN FADER AVIATION BY JOSEPH S. EDGERTON. HOUGH members of the House Appropriations Committee ap- ear to be unanimous in the beflef that there should be an Blveshgation of the Post Office Department’s airmail con- tracts, they have refused to shoulder the burden of making the imvestigation themselves, it was revealed when the Treasury- Post Office appropriation bill was reported to the House. “There ought to be an investigation,” declared Representative Joseph W. Byrns of Tennessee, chairman of the House Appropria- ttee. tlonEICtéglur:ll; t(;\eat if we took time enough to go into this domestic | airmail situation, we could find enough inside of it to justify a reset-| u;) of the whole business,” said Representative Charles L. Abemethy‘ of North Carolina. | Representat Byrns told Representative Abernethy, ifi cox_l-! cluding the hearings on the supply bill, that “I wiil be glad to join | AT WEBB'S TAVERN W WEATHERSFIELD, CONNECTICUTT WASHINGTON CONFERRED WITH QOCHAMBEAU AND LEARNED THAT TROOPS AND SUPPLIES WEQE ON THEIR WAY FOR AMERICA UNDER DE GRASSE, “fms WAS IN MAY 178). FROM THAT TIME ON THE ‘OLD Fox’ AS WASHINGTON HAD THEN BECOME KNOWN, CONCENTRATED ON PLANS TO TRAD CORNWALLIS AT NORMTOWN . THE MOVING OF HiS MEN SOUTHWARD INDICATED THIS, GREAY AMERICANS WERE MADE BY THE EXERGENCIES OF WAR, FRANCIS MARION, WHo courLo ATTACK, AND DISSAPPEAR. WITH HIS MEN BECAME KNOWN AS THE "SwAMP Fox "IN THE. Southepn ZONE. OF FIGHTING DOING THE REVOLUTION. GENERAL MORGAN THE VICTOR AT COWPENS HAD BEEN KNOWN SINCE HIS YOUTH A5 A FIGHTER, AND LIGHT HORSE HARRY'LEE , FATHER OF THE ILLUSTRIOUS ROBERT E. LEE ALSO DEMONSTRATED HIS QUALTIES AS MAN AND A SOLDIER. you, and I am sure that every member of the subcommittee will be lad to join you, in any resolution that you may propose for an g’:vestigation‘ but we have this Treasury-Post Office bill to report. An investigation such as you indicate would take three or four months.” ‘The committee heard complaints that the Post Office Department in awarding airmail contracts and extensions has stified competition and tended to build up a monopoly; that it has ignored in- dependent operators who have begged to carry the mail at rates far below those now paid; that it is favoring cer- tain companies and destroying others. | The committee also heard Postmaster | General Walter F.. Brown defend the policies of his department, express the opinion that there was no just cause | for complaint and invite an investiga- tion. Brown told the committee that he is considering an increase of the airmail postage rate, now 5 cents an ounce, sug- | fuselage frame is of steel tubing and | gesting 7 cents an ounce as a proper rate, in an effort to build up the deficit. | He also intimated that he is considering further reduction of pay to contractors. | The committee reported a bill carry- | ing $19,000,000 for domestic airmail | service; & reduction of $1.000,000 below the budget, and $7,000,000 for foreign airmail service. Increased Airmail Urged. Though it is the opinion of officials of the Post Office Department that in- creasingly large quantities of mail will travel by air as air transport services improve and expand, recent proposals | that all first-class mail be flown are re- garded as somewhat premature. Now the department has before it a proposal that, for trial purposes, all the non- local first-class mail from a number of leading cities be transported by air, with later expansion of the plan if suc- | cess is realized. The proposal has been offered Ernest L. Jones. who left the aeronau- tics branch of the Department of Com- | merce to become affiliated with the| seronautical magazine, Airports and| Alrlines, | Jones claims that the Post Office De- partment will be able to contract with alr transport lines for the flying of all non-local first-class mail at rates ac- tually less than those now paid for joint rail and air transportation. Such a step, he stated, also would mean tremendous growth of the aero- nautical industry and stimulation of every allled industry, with benefit to the Nation as a whole. At least 57,000 airplanes would be required to handle the first-class mail volume, Jones esti- “The production of such ir fleet, % on of such an al v he said, “would entail the expenditure of more than a billion dollars and would result in the employment of thousands of pilots, mechanics and others connect- ed with the air industry. The resulting reaction of such employment and in- creased production in the aviation in- dustry would, it is pointed out, mean a corresponding increase in every indus- try in the country allied with it.” Swelling of the volume of airmail would permit reduction of the pound rate for carrying the mails by air from the present average of $5.13 per ton- m&o cents per ton-mile, Jones es- Money Saving Foreseen. “The 3,207,549 ton-miles of airmail in fiscal year 1931,” he explained, “pro- $5.13 a ton-mile, or a $16,943,606 revenue to rs. The 85,225,952 ton-miles of all available domestic non- local first-class mal, at 40 cents a ton- mile, would produce a revenue to oper- ators of $34,090,280, twice the present revenue and $7,000,000 less than it now Sovta the Government for both rail and Offic of the Post Office Depart- ment feel that until the airmail service can be made as independent of weather conditions as the railroads the present rallroad mail organization should not be disrupted. At present, they pointed out, when airmail planes are held up by fogs and ble flylng weather, the mail is put aboard the regular mail cars worked in transit and made ready for immedi- ate distribution at the point of delivery. Should all first-class mail be taken from the raflroads, the first-class mail car facilities would be abandoned, and, in case the airmail were held up, these facilities no longer would be available for emergency use. With this’ point in mind, Willilam B. Mayo of the alrplane division of the Ford Motor Co., has concurred with the proposal of Jones. “It 18 my strong bellef,” Mayo said, “that practically all first-class - sengers will be carried by eir within s very few years. I am also of the opin ion and ‘belief that all of our first- class through mail will ultimately be carried by air at a very low rate and in one-half to one-third of the time now taken by railroad travel “The statement is often made that, slthough air transportation is _very promising it is not very reliable. There is some ground for this statement at this time, although the most reliable air transportation companies have rec- ords that equal 93 to 95 per cent. Ap- plying these records to air transporta- tion, it means that at least 95 per cent of the mail would go to its desti- nation three times as fast by air as by rall. The public should be highly pleased with a service which brings them this volume of their mail in ap- proximately one-third of the time, even with the other 5 per cent arriving as slowly as the railroads can bring it.” Group Gets New Planes. The famous 1st Pursuit Group, Sel- fridge Pleld, Mich., now is taking deliv- ery of some 80 new pursuit planes of types, which will thoroughly modernize its equipment, supplying its squadrons with the last word in Amer- ican fighting planes. Fourteen P-6E Curtiss Hawks of the type which recently hung up an all- time speed record between Wright Fleld, Dayton, Ohiohd the National Capital, have been recelved under a contract which calls for delivery of 44 planes of this type. The new Hawks now are being received at the rate of approximately 8 per week. Fifteen Selfridge Field pilots, under command of Capt. R. C. W. Blessley, Tecently flew 15 new P-12E Boeing pur- sult planes to the Michigan field from Seattle, Wash. Under the new allot- ment, Selfridge Field is to receive a total of 22 planes of this type. They are refinements of the type used by the squadron of Capt. Harry Johnson recently in the first squadron high- altitude, cross-country flight, in which 12 planes flew from Selfridge Field to the National Capital at an average speed of roximately 200 miles per hour, the pilots all being required to e 03 entire flight. Maj. Gerald E. Brower, commanding the 1st Pursuit Group, recently took delivery at Baltimore of the first of the new Berliner-Joyce two-seater pursuit type airplanes to be assigned to Sel- fridge Pleld. Hopes were expressed that these planes will be received in the future at the rate of several a month. British Fighter Is Fast. A new British single-seater intercep- tor fighter, which is said to have the amaszing of 238 miles per hour at an altitude of 20,000 feet and a max- beyond the range of any existing Amer- ican, military plane both in speed and altitude, is gescribed in that well in- formed and accurate British publication the Aeroplane. ‘The new plane, a challenge to the alr powers of every nation on earth, is a low-wing monoplane and is of the interceptor fighter type developed for the defense of London. Produced by the noted Vickers plant, the plane is known as the Jockey. The plane is all metal except the fabric covering of the fuselage and tail | members, the wings being covered with sheet duralumin over duralumin spars and ribs. The forward half of the aluminum panels and the rear section is built up from duralumin sheet and angles. The tail unit is of the canti- lever monoplane type, the frame of duralumin. ; The landing gear is of the divided type, with steel wheel-fairings or “pants,” as they are known in this country. Oleo-pneumatic-shock absorb- ers and hyraulic wheel brakes are used. Air-Cooled Engine Used. The plane is powered with the Bristol Mercury IV.52 supercharged radial air- cooled engine, delivering 530 horsepower at 2,600 revolutions per minute at 15,800 fect. It drives a two-bladed metal propeller through gears timed to a ratio of .656 to 1. The Townend cowling ring is used. Main and gravity tanks hold 6215 gallons of gasoline, delivered by engine-driven pump, with hand- pump auxiliary. The single cockpit is placed over the rear spar of the monoplane wing, with excellent visibility forward. ~Conven- tional controls are employed. The plane is armed with two machine guns, mounted on either side of the fu- selage and synchronized to fire through the propeller. Six hundred rounds of ammunition may be carried for each un 5 Dimensions of this wicked little fighter are: Span, 32 feet 8 inches: overall length, 23 feet; overall height, 8 feet 3 inches; wing area, 150 square feet. The weight empty, with all in- struments, is 2,377 pounds and fully loaded 3,270 unds, the load being divided as follows: Pilot, 180 pounds; fuel, 392 pounds; oll, 50 pounds, and military load, 271 pounds. For the benefit of those interested in the technical details, the wing loading is 21.8 pounds per square foot and the wer loading, at the 530 maximum rake-horsepower rating, 6.16 pounds per horsepower. Performance figures are given as fol- lows: Maximum speed at ground level, 182 miles per hour; at 3,280 feet, 195 miles per hour; at 9,840 feet, 225 miles per hour, and at 19,680 feet, 238 miles |per hour. Cruising speed at 6,000 meters, or 19,680 feet, is 203 miles per hour. The landing speed at sea level is 622 miles per hour. The initial rate of climb is given as 1,450 feet per minute, and the little fighter can climb to 3,280 feet in 2.2 minutes, to 9,840 feet in 5.6 minutes and to 19,680 feet in 10.7 min- utes. The absolute ceiling is 36,000 feet. Short Cruising Range. With full fuel load the plane can operate for a little more than an hour and a half at 13,000 feet, traveling at cruising speed after the climb to that altitude. In justice to American pursuit and fighting planes, it must be said that the British interceptor fighters are of less rugged construction and are built purely for short-range operation, every possible sacrifice being made to attain speed and performance. Even so, the new British ship outranks the best American Army pursuit planes and the Navy fighters by approximately 40 miles per hour and outclimbs them by 3,000 feet or more. ‘The “Jockey” shows in concrete form the value to the British of their partici- pation in the Schneider trophy races, from which the United States was | forced to withdraw for lack of funds six years ago. The lessons they have learned in high-speed design and con- struction during the past half decade are reflected in many of their fighting planes. The British government now owns the Schneider Trophy outright, as | a result of three consecutive victories in the annual classic, and has retired this premier speed award from competition for all time. Air Law Group Formed. Organization of the American Acad- emy of Air Law, membership in which is open to any law school, bar associa- tion, industrial organization ar individ- ual interested in the development of & comprehensve air law program, has been announced here. “The organization of the academy,”| | 1t was announced, “is the first attempt | to unite all those interested in an effort, | national and international in scope, to | promote the study and to influence the | sound development of aeronautical and radio law. Its broad membership, in- cluding members of law school faculties, practitioners of law, economists, busi- | ness executives and engineers skilled in | the scientific development of the arts involved, assures that in considering and acting with relation to problems in aviation and radio law, practical effects will be given due weight” | The School of Law of Catholic Uni- versity of America is one of the first to take up the work of research to be carried on by the academy through its member institutions. The new academy undertakes, among | its general purposes, to promote a sys- | tematic developrent of aeronautical and radio law, lccal, national and in- ternational; to establish and maintain a library of literature on aeronautical and radio law; to encourage research | and provide facilities for the study of aeronautical and radio law, including | instruction in these subjects; to provide | the means for educational and social intercourse between persons and organ- izations engaged in the study of these branches of law; to develop a sound |and enlightened opinion on the legal aspects of aeronautical and radio prob- lems on the part of the public, agencies of government and the industries in- volved; to prepare, print and issue pub- lications, periodicals and information on aeronautical and radio law and to act as a clearing house for the collec- | tion and dissemination of information of this character, and to promote re- | glonal, national and international con- | ferences on air law. | Members Are Outstanding. ‘The membership of the various com- mittees of the academy include some en from flasks during the | of the outstanding figures in world | | legal, aeronautical and radio circles. | _Among the members of the Advisory | Council on Aeronautics are Senator | Hiram Bingham of Connecticut, Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Dr. Hugo | Eckener, former Representative Allen | J. Furlow, Paul Henderson, former Assistant Postmaster General in charge of airmail; C. S. “Casey” Jones, Hugo Junkers, noted German airplane de- signer; E. McD. Kintz, chief of the en- forcement section, Aeronautics Branch, Deg:rnmmt of Commerce; Prof. Alex- an , Charles L. Lawrence, president of th:v Aeronautical Chamber = D. C. Naval Reserve | As a culmination of weeks of special) been materially aided by Comdr. Gul- preparation under the direction of Lieut. Harold R. Richardson and with the able support and advice of Lieut. W. F. Hinckley, inspector instructor of the | local reserve, and Lieut. Comdr. Clar- ence Gulbranson, commander, and the other officers of the destroyer Hamilton, the 1st Battalion, United States Naval Reserves of the District of Columbia, tomorrow night will appear before a board of regular naval officers from the Navy Department for their annual in- spection to determine their present state of efficiency. The men will be assembled in the | armory in the Washington Navy Yard for muster and then will be taken aboard the destroyer Hamilton where the divisions will be put through a series of drills, including battle stations, 50 that the regular officers may see how well they have profited from the year of training. The effectiveness of the class room instruction for the enlisted personnel also will be examined by the regular officers. Both officers and men have been striving since the annual inspection to bring the present training status up to the highest state of efficiency in the hope that the local battalion or one of its divisions may capture either one | or both of the Naval Reserve Trophies These trophies were donated by th Naval Reserve Officers’ Association, one to be awarded each year to the bat- talion and one to the division showing the highest figure of merit as a result of the markings received at the an- nual inspections. The officers also will be examined in a new feature this year. They will be required to execute a simple battle prob- lem, a step forward instituted in the | training of Reserve commissioned per- sonnel. In their studies in this con- | nection, the local Reserve officers have Jr.,, former Assistant Secretary of Com- merce for Aeronautics; Walter Simons, former president of the Supreme Court of Germany; Elmer A. Sperry, jr., chairman, aeronautical division, Ameri- can Society of Mechanical Engineers; Edward P. Warner, former Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Aeronautics; Mabel Walker Willebrandt, former Assistant Attorney General, and Clar- ence M. Young, Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Aeronautics. The Advisory Council members for radio include figures as distinguished the fields of radio research and radio law, among tnem Guglielmo Marconi, famous radio ploneer, who now is president of the Royal Academy of Italy; Thad H. Brown, general counsel of the Federal Radio Commis- sion; William J. Donovan, former As- sistant Attorney General; Chester I. Long, former president of the Ameri- can Bar Association and former Sena- tor from Kansas; N. Matsumami, Japanese minister of admiralty and communications, and Bethuel M. Web- ster, jr., former general counsel of the Federal Radio Commission. Air Attack Deadly. Simulating a strafing attack on s battalion of infantry on the march by a squadron of attack planes under the most realistic conditions yet attempted in a test of this sort has given Army officers a new conceptlon of the deadly effect of this new element in combat aviation. conducted V% The exercise 26th Attack Sqgfdron at eeler Field, Hawall, invblving machine gun fire and bombing of the simulated ground force. To give the closest pos- sible approximation to real conditions, a battalion of 280 infantrymen was marched along a road over the range. Warned of the impending aerial at- tack, the men dispersed to take shelter. After four seconds, the time required for planes to arrive in attacking po- sition, the men were halted and each man marked his position with a stake. Silhouette targets, life size, were placed at each stake, while eight targets, each three by five feet in size, were used to represent the battalion’s machine guns. The targets were scattered, as the bat- talion had been, over an area 200 yards long by 33 yards wide. Skeleton Squadron Attacks. A skeleton attack squadron of 9 planes, with 32 machine guns, 2 of the planes not having wing guns, was em- ployed. They carried a total of 9,400 rounds of .30 caliber ammunition, every fifth bullet being a tracer. In addition, each plane carried 10 17-pound frag- mentation bombs. After the attacks the targets were marked and scored by infantry and air officers. It was found that a total of 202 of the 278 targets had been hit by machine gun bullets, that 230 had been struck by bombs or bullets, that 15 were completely destroyed and that only 48 escaped untouched. The 15 targets which were destroyed utterly were counted as only single hits. On the remainder it was found that there were 339 bullet holes and that 406 fragmentation bomb hits were made, or a total of 745 hits on the various tar- gets. The percentage of ‘“casualties” among the targets was 84. In actual warfare the destruction might have been even greater, since men would have thickness as well as breadth, which the targets lacked, and might have been struck by fragments or bul- lets which missed the targets when pre- sented edge on. Alrline Employes Insured. ‘What is said to be the largest group life insurance policy, covering all em- ployes of an airline, ever issued, has been written for a Western air trans- port company. The policy, in_excess of $2500,000, covers approximately 1,000 employes, including pilots and co- pilots. No restriction is placed on any of the employes traveling by air. The big policy was made effective after the insurance company made an exhaustive study of the record, equipment, per- sonnel and operating practices on the airline, which serves 45 citles in 19 States. the ANSWER TO YESTERDAY'S PUZZLE branson and the commissioned person | nel from the destroyer Hamilton, which | is the Atlantic Training Squadron ship | assigned to the Reserves of the 5th Naval District. The vessel has been | here for the past several months and is | scheduled to go to the Hampton Roads | area on Tuesday for the training of Re- | serve organizations there. The vessel's | schedule had called for her to leave before this, but it was decided to have her remain here until after the annual inspection so that the Reservists could perform their drills aboard her under actual conditions instead of under a | similated plan in the armory. |~ While the local reserve battalion par- ticipated in the parade in Alexandria on Monday in connection with the | Bicentennial ceremonies, there was no | drill last Monday night. However, it was the last opportunity for a dress | ren@arsal before the inspection, so & special drill was ordered for last | Tuesday. In the preparation for the coming | inspection, the officer personnel has kept close’ watch on the report of last | year’s tests, and is striving to bring to | the top those matters in which the | organization received a low mark last | year, and at the same time not passing by any of the matters in which it re- eived & high mark in the previous eport. | _The following requirements for rat- |ings in the communication naval re- | serve have been announced by the Navy Amateur and commercial operatings, holding valid licenses, designated will be considered eligible professionally for cation reserve and may be enlisted in the ratings, without examination other | than physical. Commercial, extra first class, chief| | radioman; commercial, first class radio- | man, first class; commercial, second Department, effective immediately: | class, radioman, second class; com- mercial third class, radio man, third class, commercial, broadcast class, un- | limited, radioman, second class; com- | mercial, broadcast class, limited, sea- | man, second class for radioman; com- | mercial, radiophone class, seaman, sec- | ond class, for radioman; amateur, extra, first class, radioman second class; ama- teur, radioman, third class; amateur, temporary class, seaman, first class. ‘The communication reservists, it was announced, made an excellent turnout at last week's drill. The radio station NED was operated on the national drill by the unit in charge of Chief Radioman_Leeth. B. M. Murphy, seaman, first class stood radio watches aboard the De- stroyer Hamilton, during her recent trip to Alexandria in connection with the Bicentennial ceremonies. 1 Lieut. Comdr, Clarence Schildhauer, United States 'Reserve Aviation, bas been assigned to the First Aviation Di- vision, VN-6R, here by order of the| Bureau of Navigation of the Navy De- | partment, it was announced. This officer is well known to the public | through his association with the flights | |of the giant flying boat DO-X. It is believed, it was said, that his experi- | ence as a regular officer in the Naval Air Service will be an invaluable aid in | | the training work of the local aviation division. | The actjve training personnel of the local aviation division now totals 51 officers and men, consisting of 11 fleet Reserve officers, 8 fleet Reserve en- | listed men, 6 volunteer Reserve offi- | | cers and 26 volunteer Reserve enlisted | men. The division also has a waiting | list of applicants desiring to enlist in the unit, ‘The inspector-instructor has ap-| | proved the plan of the division to move | |its Thursday evening training drills | from the Naval Air Station at Ana- |enth street southeast. This change | will become effective on March 4, 1932, |and will continue until further notice. Flight training operations of the 1st Aviation Division now consist of in- strument flying and serial machine | ordered in the 1st Fleet | Joseph R. Williams gunnery practice on Baturday after- noons, night flying on Saturday eve- nings and dive bombing at Quantico, | Va., on Sundays. In order to secure maximum flying time for the pilots of the local Aviation Reserve Division, the squadron has been organized into two sections of six pilots each. One section will train on Saturday afternoon and evening and the other on Sunday, alternating each week. This change. it was said, has somewhat reduced the demands of the | unit upon the spare time of division officers. The following promotions have been Division: from fireman, third, to second class and Charles G. | Penkert from fireman, second, to first class. The following changes in commis- sioned personnel have been announced: Retirements — Lieut. Comdr. I. W. Sylvester and Ensign D. P. Stromaker. Resignations—Lieut. E. M. Wilson, Lieut. (Junior Grade) W. G. Cowles, Ensign F. J. Byers, Ensign | C. L. Coombs, Lieut. Comdr. O. D. Munn, Lieut. J. T. Saunders, Lieut. T. A. Gallagher, Lieut A. J. Davidson and Lieut. Comdr. L. Solis-Cohen. Discharges — Ensign G. W. Staples, Lieut. (Junior Grade) E. E. Taylor, Ensign J. G. Easton, Ensign J. 8. Mor- ris and Ensign C. L. Lawrence. Deaths—Lieut. Comdr. F. J. Loomis, Lieut. W. E. Bogardus, Ensign M. Du- laney, Lieut. Comdr. O. Olsen, Lieut. Comdr. J. S. Collier, Ensign O. W. Fol- lette and Ensign Philip E. Parks. The results of the Bureau of Navi- gation’s plan to offer more educational and training facilities to the officers of | the Merchant Marine reserve are made evident in the proposal to order three regular naval officers of the grade of | commander or lieutenant commander | enlistments in the volunteer communi- | costia to the Reserve Armory on Elev- | to report to the district commandants at New York, New Orleans and San Francisco, for duty in connection with instituting, at each of those ports, an educational center and library for use of officers of the merchant Marine reserve. It is said to be the intention (Junior Grade) | of the bureau that the offices so opened will make available to all reserve officers in that vicinity a competent instructor and lecturer on naval technical and scientific subjects. The library will be composed of non- fiction books of educational value, with special reference to those subjects in which it is expected to institute cor- respondence courses for officers of the Merchant Marine Reserve. Some of the books have already been ordered from the naval supply base at Brook- Iyn, and it is expected that the libra- ries will be ready for operation some time in June. It was said that it is intended that the correspondence courses for officers of the Merchant Marine Reserve shall include navigation, ordnance and gun- nery, covering anti-submarine and anti- aircraft defense, international law as it | affects the merchant marine officer, tactics for convoys, communications, radio and signals; Navy regulations, naval customs, etc. Further announcement will be made when these plans have been put into effect, it was said. The extent and usefulness of the instructional work | planned, it was pointed out, will de- pend somewhat on the support given the project by Congress in supplying the money required to operate. The insti- tution of these training facilities is an extension of the present educational system whereby officers of the mer- chant marine may be authorized to take 30 days’ active training duty aboard vessels of the Regular Navy. Such ac- tive duty must at present be per-| formed at the applicant’s own expense, no funds being authorized by Congress for such use, although the bureau strongly desires the appropriation of funds both for retalner and active training duty. Making the most of the instruction period on drill night is a problem that taxes the faculties of division officers and of the petty officers detailed as in- structors, the Bureau of Navigation says in a statement. The Naval Reserve In- | spection Board has stressed the im-| portance of proper methods ¢f instruc- | tion in the past, and is paying incress- ing attention to this phase of Reserve activities. In the instruction period, the bureau further says, there is laid the founda- tion of the individual's general knowl- edge of the Navy, that of his own spe- cialty, and of the part he is to play in ship's watch routine. Officers and petty officer instructors should them- | selves be ready to apply the essentials | of those Bureau of Navigation training | courses which have most application to | the groups of men under their instruc- tion. Thus prepared, the bureau adds, the officers can properly map out the year'’s instruction work and supervise Instruction or themselves instruct; | while the petty officer instructors can fortify themselves from these authori- | tative sources of information, and pre- | pare themselves to impart their knowl- edge in the best and most understand- &ble manner, ‘The above, the bureau says further, applies to group instruction. The in- dividual up for advancement in rating is expected to be able to conform to the requirements of naval instructions | and must study and pass in the Bureau | of Navigation training course for his | new rating or expect to forego advance- | ment. Oldest Official to Quit. Sir Edward Wallington, a member of the Queen’s household, first as private secretary and then as treasurer, since | the accession of King George, is soon to | retire from office. He is the oldest of- | ficial in the royal households, and was born in 1854. 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