Evening Star Newspaper, February 28, 1932, Page 28

Lol THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. BUNDAY......February 28, 1932 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th Bt. and Pennsyivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Bullding. European Office: 14 Regent .. London. | gla) | Rate by Carrier Within the City. m ':en::;u; Star.... 5c per month ‘when 4 d e Evening and Bundiy Biar e T moni (when 5 Sundays) ...65¢ per month The Sunday Btar . Collection made at the end of in'by mail Orders may be sent NAtionsl 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunds: 1., $10.00: 1 mo., 85¢ 6.00; 1 mo., 50¢ Daily only - Binday onty or telephone Dally and Sunda: Duily oniy funday only .l Member of the Associated Press. The Agsociated Press is exclusively ertitled 1o the W for republication of 8 “ews dis- atches ted €0 it or not Otherwiss cree- paper and also the local news published erein. All rights of publication ot special difbatches hercin are also reserved. . z Henry Ford as a Symbol. An announcement these days by any- body that $300,000,000 is to be spent this year in putting a new product on the market would be of great im- portance. But when Henry Ford makes that announcement the news bids for public attention, and gets it, on the! first page of any newspaper in the! country. Why? It is probably explained simply by Henry Ford's unique position on the American scene as a symbol. Being a human being, and not a corporate sggregation of impersonal wealth, he has been symbolized from the beginning as the poor mechanic who made good, the level-headed business man who made money, the model employer who raised wages, the public benefactor who sought to cater to the needs of the man in the street and the farmer on the farm and let Wall Street and “the bankers” fend for themselves. And, remaining a symbol, he became the personification of all that was wrong with our economic structure when the depression set in. He was the fel- low who lured the workingman to his factories by the promise of a good job and a fat salary, but who turned him loose upon the street when the clouds began to gather. He was the cold- hearted capitalist whose efficiency ex- perts discharged a highly paid man and hired him back at a lower wage, who closed his plants, who left his help in destitution and misery. He was the man who was hit by competition and who carried down in his fall his tens of thousands of workmen. And, remaining & symbol, he is now | the wise man who has seen that there is a break in the clouds, the storm is almost over and the sun is about to shine. He has enough faith in his con- victions to plan the expenditure of $300,000,000 this year, and everybody knows that even Henry Ford could not spend that much money in a philan- thropic gesture. He is the man who is confident enough in the future to put on one hundred thousand employes at a base minimum pay of $6 a day, to order $52,000,000 worth of material a month, the supply of which will give jobs to 300,000 mare men. He is the fellow who is going to inject new life blood into the automobile industry by beginning a battle for public favor that must make his competitors spend more money, hire more men, or fall behind in the big parade. He is the man who, despite the curtailed buying power of the American public, believes that this buying power is strong enough to ab- sorb a million and a half of his new automobiles within the next twelve months. Congress can investigate short sell- ing on the stock market, it can create emergency finance corporations backed by two billion dollars in public funds, it can pass bank relief measures and | farm relief measures and empty the Treasury of millions for employment on | public roads and public buildings. But Henry Ford was the man who ran to shelter when the storm broke. And he now believes that it has stopped raining and is ready to go to work. That is what people have been waiting for Henry Ford is ® symbol that everybody understands. Allusion in expletive to relations with the inferno was carefully guarded by Charles Dawes in the name “Helen Maria” John Garner, had he not been speaking in & hurry, might have strained & point and, instead of invok- ing the bells of the nether world di- rectly, have made polite, circumlocutory Teference to “La Belle Hellene.” —————— Alfonso and Carlos Join Hands. A jomnt call to the Spanish people, {ssued by former King Alfonso XIII and his uncle, Alfonso Carlos, described in the dispatches as traditional pre- tender to the throne of Spain, to over- throw the new republic effects a union that will doubtless induce a study of Spanish history in order to compre- hend the meaning of this strange al- ilance. Don Carlos is the uncle of the exiled King, himself descendant of a line of exiles. There has been a Carlist cendidacy for the Spanish throne for a full century, marked by repeated conflict. Ferdinand VII, of the House of Bourbon, who acceded to the throne in 1808, was deposed by Napoleon in 1808, and Joseph Bonaparte was given the Spanish crown. In 1814, on the downfall of the Napoleonic empire, Ferdinand was restored to the throne, and his title was confirmed in 1823 after an intervention by France. Ferdinand was married four times. ‘There were no surviving children by s first three wives, but his fourth marriage ylelded two daughters, one of ‘whom, Isabella, was, under the ancient l&w of Castile and Leon, proclaimed Queen upon his death in 1833, with her mother as regent. A conservative fac- tion refused to accept this rule and de- Clared the late King's brother Carlos to be the King. ‘That was the beginning of the Carlist |torn by civl war, due to the confiicts of the Carlists and the Bourbons and the Savoyards, a settlement was effected and Alfonso XII, son of Isabella, was proclaimed King and took the throne, which he held until his death, in 1886. ‘Through military action and by brib- ery the Carlists were dispersed during Alfonso’s reign. His son, Alfonso XIII, was born after the King's death, and Maria Christina of Austria, Queen mother, became regent. The Carlists revived for a time, but without effect- ing any influence upon the course of the Queen regent's administration. The young King was enthroned in 1902, being then fourteen years of age. His | rule was not marked by any trouble- some revival of the Carlist pretensions, although his uncle remained always a possible factor of disturbance. Now they have joined hands against the newly formed republic. Both are in exile. Ffonso, according to a dispatch from | Parts, accepts Carlos as the head of the family, having, it is reported, formally resigned his immediate rights to the elder. In turn, Carlos declares that upor: his death all his rights will de- volve to A'fonso. This touching spec- tacle of Boutbon reunion is not likely to effect a revoration in Spain, however. ‘The Carlist strength there has been practically extinguishad in the course ;of the century of confit®t and intrigue and defeat. Don Carlos hiraself is but a symbol of a long discarded element of soyalty. Yet it is interesting to find the cycle closing thus, with the two i clatmants for the Spanish throne unit- . ing to seek the restoration of the crown. i I | Pledges of the Future Washington. It is expected that several million | people will during this Bicentennial year visit the city that bears the name of the great American whose birth is being commemorated. They will come in { groups and individually. They will come from all parts of the country, all the States. Some will stay here for only & few hours, some for several days. Many of them will be making their first visit to the Capital. All of them will un- questionably find it of great interest. It behooves the people of Washing- ton to constitute themselves the guides to this throng of guests, to point out to them, whenever occasion offers, the significant features of the Capital, espe- clally those of historic interest, while not neglecting the newer aspects of the city. One of the most important of these latter phases of Washington, which should be particularly indicated and explained, is the “building pro- gram,” now under way, which when completed will effect the transforma- tion of the Capital. So long has the work of providing the Government with an adequate and suitable housing for its administrative services been in contemplation that the definite undertaking of construction is actually surprising to the residents of ‘Washington themselves. Construction work is seemingly slow, but in point of fact and in relation to the length of time that has been required to bring about a definite execution of the long- contemplated plans it is progressing rapidly and the Capital is evolving at a pace that calls for constant observa- tion. The great pits that now disfigure the heart of the city, sites for public build- ings that are soon to be occupled, are themselves interesting evidences of de- velopment which should be identified and explained to the visitors of the city. The home folks should learn the names of the structures that are soon to rise at these places, should acquaint them- selves with the details of the grand plan and the order of its execution. They should take it upon themselves to make the city’s guests, especially during this Bicentennial year, in turn ac- quainted with the steps that are being taken to evolve the Washington of the founder’s ideal, a Capital of noble pro- portions. There should be no apology for the disarray which Washington suffers just now in consequence of this great work. Rather should the evidences of con- struction, which mar the immediate picture of the Capital, be noted as wel- | come tokens of advancement. To those who view them for the first time they may be identified as pledges of the Capital that is to be within a decade. | —— Emergency is again calling attention to a trait of Chinese character which enables even the most patient and phil- osophic person to produce unsuspected resources when they are absolutely | needed. Diplomats apparently begin to sus- pect that instead of being a sea power, Japan will be a sea lawyer. -t Rookies at the Training Camps. This is the rookies’ season of hopes in the base ball training camps. Several dozen young men are at work in the balmy clime of the South getting the Winter kinks out of their muscles, run- ning, working off superfluous flesh, get- ting ready for the tests that will come in the course of the exhibition games that precede the regular season. Some of these lads have had minor league experience. Some of them are just sandlot players. All of them hope to make the grade of the big time. And the managers hope so, tco. They are just as keen on developing new talent capable of meeting the requirements of major league work as the rookies are keen to find berths in the top circuits. But very few of these rookies will survive the Spring tests, Perhaps one or two to a club will stand up in the competition for place, and the others will go directly back to the minors or to the sandlots. Some of those who go back will try again next year, and they may succeed, after a bit more ex- perience. It is complained by managers that there is a scarcity of base ball talent just now; that the percentage of ac- ceptable rookies is lower than in the past. Perhaps this is because of the high standard that has been estab- lished for admittance to the ranks of major league base ball. The game is being played on amateur and minor league flelds as extensively as ever. It has not lost its appeal to the public. wars, which raged at intervals unul|There are as many aspirants for the 1876. Isabells, whose reign was marked big game as ever, perhaps even more. by constant conflict and by grave|Truly, it must be that managers are scandal, was expelled from Spain in|harder to please than a few years ago, 1868, and after a regency the House|when a youth with a good curve ball of Bavoy was established in royal power ! could get a chance for the pitcher's with Amadeo as King, His rule, how- ever, was brief, and in 1875, with Spain s : box, or one with agile legs could com- pete for an outfielder’s job, or & “fence THE SUNDAY STAR. WASHINGTON, 'bumr” of the town lots could look with some confidence for an opportunity to crash the gate and replace & faltering veteran of mighty batting records. ‘The base ball public, though often disappointed, annually looks with eager- ness to the Spring training camps in hopes of seeing phenomenons develop there, batters, pitchers or flelders. It reads the reports, written always in |terms of kindness for the youngsters, with a feeling of sympathy for the aspirants and trust in the judgment of the managers. There is always joy over the development of a Spring prospect, even though experience teaches that most of the trianing camp finds who ,get on the pay rolls fade away like the crocus before the season runs into warm weather. Need for Improvement. From the number of recent accidents | it behooves aircraft enginecrs to get to work and design a “foolproof” retract- able landing gear. In various parts of the country dudng the past few months, since ships of $his type became the vogue due to thefr greater speed with the wheels folded into the fuselage, nearly twenty “belly landings,” as they are called, had to be made by pilots who found that they could not unwind the wheels. And jus. the other day Capt. Lra Eaker, crack Army pilot, made his second landing without wheels with F. Trubee Davison as a passenger and the fifth in his career. Eaker’s wheels, it seems, just will not behave, and it is a tribute to his prowess as a fiyer that he has not been injured in any one of the five mishaps, although the plane in each case suffered damage. For e skilled pilot with a light plane it is not a particularly difficult or dan- gerous feat to perform provided that he is alighting on a smooth field. Should he have to make a forced landing on uneven terrain, however, the results might well be entirely different. With a heavy plane carrying a large num- ber of passengers it is difficult and fuselage, no matter how smooth the fleld. Many of this type of ship are being used on commercial lines, and the chances of serious injury to passengers are great if the landing gear fails to function. With the progress that plane manu- facturers have made in design, safety and speed, it seems a little ridiculous that the problem of building a fool- proof landing gear should be particu- larly difficult to solve. The idea in itself of pumping the wheels up into the fuselage while in flight is sound. Wind resistance, which all builders are trying to lessen by stream lining and other refinements, materially affects the speed of a ship. With the wheels concealed fifteen or twenty miles an hour is frequently added to a plane’s performance. So it is distinctly up to the builders to make the retractable landing gear a safe instead of a haz- ardous feature of an airplane. —_— e A thorough enforcement of prohi- bition would be of especal value in pre- venting the offhand assumption at hospitals that any person who loses consciousness is suffering from alcohol- $m, even though he may just pre- Viously have been hit by & truck. e e Of course the progress of the world would have been much easler if the laborious biographer could have been a prophet. Even then he would have to show a better average of accuracy than he now does in order to be ap- preciated. The Chinese in New York may re- gard themselves just now as especially fortunate. The real war at home has left no further excuse for tong wars. o Many business men are less interested in wine products than they are in the need of so much of the red ink with which losses are indicated on the ledger. —ra——————— Talk of cancellation veers from inter- national debts to treaties. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOENSON. Civilization. We ponder some departed sage. His teachings we Tepeat All emptily; and next engage In babblings of the street. We still explore the classic lore And then, in glad surprise, ‘We say, as we have said before, “Are we not civilized!” In gaudy decorations we Will stand before the crowd. In battle we'll contend and be Of our achievement proud. In human sacrifice we pay For trinkets strangely prized. And then all boastfully we say “Are we not civilized!” Subtle Deference. “Are you sure you didn't mispro- neunce one or two words during your address?” “I'm sure I did” answered Senator Sorghum. “I always make it a point to use the same kind of language that is employed by the people out home who vote for me. It makes an orator seem more chummy.” Jud Tunkins says advice is no good when people get confused and try to take too many kinds at once. Culture. “Your little brother is learning to play the piano?” - “He's taking lessons,” answered Miss Cayenne. “But he's not learning.” “That's a disappointment to the amily.” Not at all. Practicing keeps his at- tention on music and represents so much time that he isn’t hearing popu- lar song poetry. If he can’t master the best music, we can at least try to pro- tect him from the worst words.” “Most cruel of all,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is the poet who views war from afar and writes of it as a magnificent spectacle.” Unlearned Lesson. They say experience will ald All people to discern. Through generations wars were made— And yet we never learn! “Big words,” said Uncle Eben, “was invented so dat a man who sets up to ‘splain sumpin you don't understand can conceal de fact dat he doesn’ un- derstand it, neither.” 4 dangerous business to slide it in on the SELF-RE D. C, FEBRUARY 28, COVERY BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. py LL. D, Bishop of Tezt: “When he came to himself he said, I will arise and go to my father.”—St. Luke, 7v.17-18. Every now and again in life some- thing happens that calls forth the bet- ter and finer qualities of our nature. The poet declared: “I am the captain of my soul” by which he meant to imply that he was in command of him- self, his gifts, his faculties and his vir- tues. It frequently happens in the course of our life, to use a common phrase, we “lose our grip” on ourselves, we find ourselves incapable of adjus ing our life to new and difficult cir- cumstances. Few have that serenity of mind that enables them under all con- ditions to maintain their mental poise and their capacity for deliberate action. Now and again we meet those who are paralyzed by fear, upon whose ener- gies a stern inhibition has been laid. That it takes unusual strength of char- acter and self-control to bear ourselves calmly and dispassionately in crises is altogether true. It would seem that there arc few of us who are schooled to meet an< cope with unusual conditions. Probably no gift of leadership is more commanding or compelling than that which evidences perfect calm and free- dom from anxiety in the face of ad- verse circumstances. It is safe to say that the average of us makes littie of preparation against the day of misfor- tune. The story that Jesus told of the young man who demanded his share of the patrimony and betook himself to & far country, there to spend his treasure in riotous living, is common to life to- day. As long as his treasure lasted, and as long as he had boon companions who consorted with him for what he had to give, he felt little concerned. He had flung away for the while the noble gifts and qualities of his nature, certalnly he had subordinated them. It was only when he found himself in want with treasure gone and friends departed that he came to himself and recognized the utter folly of his reck- less life. Far country living had dulled his sensibilities and he was un- responsive to the call of home and the intimate ties of wholesome family life. He had sunk to the low levels of his Washington. animal nature. A dramatic touch is !lmt to the picture where Jesus said, he ate of the husks that the swine did | eat. The pleture is not overdrawn, even though it may be painted in lurid | colors. One may not drop to the low level of the swine in the pursuit of self-satis- faction and the gratification of the passions. On the other hand, one may so far forget the higher claims of life as to be immune %o their appeal and | ultimately lose both self-respect and reverence for God and His laws. When Stephenson wrote his dramatic book, “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,” he showed the two contending elements that struggle for supremacy in human Da- | ture—the higher and the lower, the | man and the animal. When Mr. Hyde | was dominant and in control, there ap- peared no evidence of the refinement | and _splendid qualities of Dr, Jekyll. | Dr. Jekyll was dispossessed. This dual- ism in life is repeatedly made evident to us. The normal condition of home | Hfe and fidelity to the things of our | better nature are represented in Dr. | Jekyll. Far country living with loose- hess of living and grossness of indul- | gence find their portrayals in Mr. Hgde. Probably for most of us, and happ®y, these extreme conditions do not find ex- | pression, but it is true with practically | all of us that repeatedly we get into | drifts and tendencies that take us away ' from those higher ideals and purposes | that contribute to nobility of character. We have sometimes wondered in these | difficult days whether the very exigen- cles of the present hour might not issue in the recovery of the better and finer things of our nature. Is it not reason- able to expect that the very exactions of the present world crisis will stimu- Tate us to firmer resolves and determine us to return to the Father's house and to resume those normal ways of living, | those ways that make for quiet and | contentment? Jesus insists that normal | Tiving is fellowship, close and unbroken, with the Eternal Father. To have & deep religious conviction and to live by it is to be normal, sane and satisfied. | This season of Lent might very properly be used for the recovery of our better | selves. Roosevelt’s Friends Believe the “Stop” Campaign of Rival Democrats Halted BY GEORGE VAN SLYKE. NEW. YORK, February 27.—The “stop-Roosevelt” movement apparently has been halted. While awaiting the outcome of the important March pri- maries tn three widely separated and wholly diverse sections of the country, the combined effort to head off the New York Governor in the race for the Democratic nomination for Presi- dent has not gained ground. Rather it appears to have lost in the last week. Probably the most important factor contributing to this new shift in the exciting Democratic contest is that the Al Smith candidacy appears so far to be making little headway. Even in New York State, where Smith was the idol of the democracy for nearly 20 years, his bid for the presidency is meeting with indifference. Where Democrats were literally wild in their enthusiasm for him four years ago, they now are apathetic. The plan sponsored by John J. Ras- kob, national chairman, and Jouett Shouse, executive chairman and spokes- man for the Democratic organization, to send uninstructed delegations to the national convention has met with al- most open hostility. It is apparent that the States are not disposed to follow their authorized national leaders. This proposal was seen as inimical to the Roosevelt interests; therefore it s be- ing rejected far and wide. * K X X ‘The rival favorite-son candidates who are counted on to pool their interests and “stop Roosevelt” have made little, if any, progress in their renewed drivi Two weeks ago Speaker Garner atepig out as a formidable candidate, and strength he showed looked menacing to the Roosevelt forces. The Speaker appears to be one of | those unfortunates who is the victim of his friends. He was sponsored by Wil- llam R. Hearst, which did not help him in the East. Then Willlam G. McAdoo declared for him and took over the leadership of the Garner boom on the Pacific Coast. That automatically drove a wedge between the Garner and Smith forces, while freeing Roosevelt of the charge that he was backed by those McAdoo elements most hated in the | North and East. | McAdoo did a _distinct service to Roosevelt, as the latter's managers see it. On top of that, overenthusiastic | Garner boomers tried to enter the Speaker in the Georgla primary, the | one State of all where Roosevelt is| strong. The Speaker was forced to re- | treat, but did it gracefully. R Still another break has come for Roosevelt, who so far seems to be the fortunate one in the contest. The Gov- ernor has negotiated successfully the menacing Tammany hurdle which stood in his path for weeks. His friends through the Nation are watching New York with much concern all week. They foresaw the danger of his tripping. But he has removed from office the sheriff of New York County, Thomas M. Farley, a powerful Tammany leader and clpse friend and crony of John F. the big Tammany boss. No break’ with Tammany has resulted; none is in sight. Mr. Curry and the powers in New York agree that the Governor could not have done other- wise, derneath, but it is not likely to reach the surface. There is no evidence of hostility to the Governor. Tammany will name the new sheriff and keep the big patronage of the office, and that is all Tammany cares about it. As for the removed sheriff, he probably Will be elected to another county job next year. Far more important than relieving the tense situation in his home or- ganization, the removal of one sheriff has strengthened the Governor very decidedly throughout the country. The response to his act from other States has been unanimous and enthusiastic, his managers say. His friends every- where are making the most of it. They are using the incident to prove that the Governor knows no fear, not even of Tammany, and does his duty re- gardless of consequences. His dictum that no public official can grow rich while in office without accounting to the public for his wealth is regarded as a splendid doctrine for political pur- poses. ¥ Even Tammany men are surprised by the attitude of New York toward Mr. Smith’s candidacy. The four-time Gov- ernor of the State is arousing much more enthusiasm in New England and Pennsylvania than in his home State. It is the political opinion of the State that even Mr. Smith’s former admirers now see the futility of his candidacy; are convinced that he has no chance at the nomination; that his activities are designed only to eliminate Roose- velt, and that the present Governor, who holds the lead in the race, is entitled to his chance Tammany and the State organization is leaning toward Roosevelt rather than Smith. The attitude of the State lead- ers is that New York cannot afford to ?hy politics simply to defeat the State's eading candiate, thereby running the risk of getting nothing or a compromise Clndu{:axm not as accelptable to the or- ganization as Roosevelt. They may not love Gov. Roosevelt, but they e even less. If New York's 94 delegates were to swing into line for Roosevelt he would pass, even at this stage, the majority mark he strives to attain be- fore the first ballot is cast in the con- vention. * ok ok % ‘The March primaries should demon- strate who's Who in the Democratic contest. These first real tests of the Some resentment smolders un- | rival candidates at the polls may have a decisive effect on the pre-convention campaign for the next three months. The days of big clalms by managers and boomers are at an end. Now the votes are to tell the story. Gov. Roosevelt is the central figure |in all the five State contests and con- ventions next month. In New Hamp- shire, on March 8, he battles with Al | Smith, and it is a hot primary. The | result there will materially influence the outcome in Vermont and Massachusetts, | where Mr. Smith’s friends are numer- |ous and plan stiff fights. In those | Eastern States the two sons of New York contend. In North Dakota Mr. Roosevelt tries it ‘out with Gov. Murray of Oklahoma in a far different setting, with wholly different issues and with a Westerner in Western territory. In Georgla there may be no contest, Speaker Garner heving withdrawn rather than risk the fight and Gov. Murray having filed too late. But that is Southern territory and the first vote to be cast below the Mason-Dixon line, where Al Smith fared so badly only four years ago. In Minnesota and Maine Democrats in conventions will show their preference. Should Mr. Roosevelt carry the pri- mary preferentials it would be heralded by his managers as a big boon. A sweep in the primaries undoubtedly would give him a great push forward. _Victory for Smith in the New England States would lend new impetus to the campaign of the former Governor and probably per- suade him and his friends to extend their activities to other States in April and May. (Copyright, 1932.) —e—t American Papermakers Ask for Tariff Protection BY HARDEN COLFAX. The American paper industry is de- manding that something be done to protect its interests in the present world situation brought about by currency depreciation in foreign countries. Since the abandonment of the gold standard by several of the Old World countries | from which its fmports are drawn the in bad shape, has been industry, already i domestic at a distinct disadvantage in as well as foreign markets. At the annual joint convention this week of the American Paper and Pulp Association, the National Paper Trade Association, the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry and allied groups in New York this billion- dollar industry, while not of a united mind as to the exact method to be © | adopted to effect the desired protection, ‘Bg‘reed upon the necessity for certain | measures of assistance. Leaders of all | branches of the industry noted a grati- | fying tendency to revitalize some of the | organized groupings with kindred inter- ests which, after the first year of de- | pression, had been allowed to languish. =% The measures favored are, first, what may be known as a countervailing duty | on imported pulp and news print tem- | porarily to offset the advantage in price | now held by certain countries the cur- | Tencies of which have depreciated. If | such a countervailing duty cannot be obtained the industry will apply to Con- | gress for some special provision to meet the situation. Informal hearings are now being held before congressional | committees which are considering tarift revisions projected by the Democratic Jeaders of the House of Representatives. Up to the present, efforts to secure a duty on wood pulp or news print have been unsuccessful, largely because of the constantly increasing demand due to the ever-mounting consumption of paper in the United States. Figures |now show, however, that during the past two years this consumption has diminished by 20 per cent or more. Meanwhile the overproduction of pulp has continued. Some of the industry’s Jeaders claim that in addition there is foreign dumping which should be stop- ! ped by the tariff. Others oppose the imposition of a duty on the ground that it would shut off their annual im- ported supply of some million and a half tons of chemical wood pulp and force many converter plants in this country to close down. * X X X America imports wood pulp and news- print from Canada, Newfoundland, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Ger- many—about $230,000,000 worth in 1929 and approximately $212,000,000 last year. According to Department of Com- merce figures, our exports of paper and paper-base stocks in 1930 amounted to some $32,000,000, a decrease of 27 per cent as compared with 1929. Several of our regular customers, notably the Scandinavian countries, can now buy from other pulp producers, thanks to their lowered monetary unit, for less than formerly. The abandonment of the gold standard has apparently opened up new thpese countries and the leaders of the American industry are not banking on 1 by their competitors. The consumption of paper in the United States declined from 11,000,000 tons in 1929 to just over 9,000,000 tons in 1931, while at the same time the r producing capacity rose steadily Dot now it is some 14,000,000 tons a ‘ear. ¥ Generally speaking, it s agreed among the paper manufacturers that the indus- try been overbuilt and overcapital- ized, with too many competitive lines being pushed, most of them approxi- mately equal in quality. Copyrisht, 1902 4 > markets for the products of | w, any immediate return to this standard | disinterested 1932—PART TWO. l Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Among the old files brought to light during research in this Blcenun‘gm year to do honor to Washington a unique. exposition of his character has been found in a very old biography. A footnote tells us: “The author of the composition is not known. It has been transcribed from a manuscript copy written on the back of a picture frame in which is set a miniature likeness of Washington and which hung in one of the rooms of the man- sion at Mount Vernon, having been left there some time after Washington’s death.” This remarkable tribute is “Character of Washington; for Monumental Inscription.” It is arranged in the manner: called Designed following “WASHINGTON, The Defender of his Country, Founder of Liberty, ‘The Friend of Man. History and Tradition are explored in vain For a Parallel to his Character. In the Annals of Modern Greatness, He stands alone; And the noblest Names of Antiquity Lose their lustre in his Presence. Born the Benéfactor of Mankind, He united all the Qualities necessary To an illustrious career. Nature made him Great, He made himself Virtuous. Called by his Country to the Defense of her Libertles, He triumphantly vindicated the Rights of Humanity, And on the Pillars of National In- dependence Laid the Foundations of a Great Republic. Twice invested hwtt): Supreme Mag- tracy By the Unanimous Voice of a Free People, He surpassed in the Cabinet The Glories of the Fleld, And voluntarily resigning the Sceptre and the Sword, Retired to the Shades of Private Life. A Spectacle so new and so sublime Was contemplated with the profound- est Admiration; And the Name of Washington, Adding new Lustre to Humanity, Resounded to t'flh: Er:mowel. reglons of rth, Magnanimous in Youth, Glorious through Life, Great in Death, His highest Ambition, ;he Happlness of M ; His Noblest Victory, the Conquest of Himself. Bequeathing to Posterity the Inheri- tance of his Fame, And bullding his Monument in the Hearts of his Countrymen, He lived the Ornament of the Eight- eenth Century, He died regretted by a mourning World.” the ‘There something profoundly im- pressive about this eulogy, composed in the style of another century, a cen- tury not as staccato as our own; something mellow and old and gracious, something that fits in harmoniously with the hallowed atmosphere of Mount Vernon. * ok ok X One of the early biographers ef George Washington_ wrote to Nellle Custis, then Mrs. Lewis, asking for a statement regarding the religious opinions and habits of Gen. Washington. The reply of Washington's adoptes daughter is at once valuable and deeply interesting. “Woodlawn, 26 February, 1833. “Sir: I received your favor of the 20th instant last evening, and hasten l: 1‘:1" you the information which you lesire. “Truro parish is the one in which Mount Vernon, Pohick Church and Woodlawn are situated. Fairfax parish is now Alexandria. Before the Federal district was ceded to Congress, Alexandria was in Fairfax County. Gen. Washington had a pew in Pohick Church and one in Christ Church at Alexandria. He was very instrumental in establishing Pohick Church and I believe subscribed largely. His pew was near the pulpit. I have a perfect recollection of being there, before his election to the presidency, with him and my grandmother. It was a beauti- ful church, and had a ', Tespectable, and wealthy congregation, who were regular attendants. “He attended the church at Alexan- dria, when the weather and roads permitted a ride of 10 miles. In New York and Philadelphia he never omitted attendance at church in the morning, unless detained by indisposition. The afternoon was spent in his own -room at home; the evening with his family, and without company. Sometimes an old and intimate friend called to see us for an hour or two; but visiting and visitors were prohibited for that day. No one in church attended to the service with more reverential respect. My grand- mother, who was eminently pious, never deviated from her early habits. She always knelt. The general, as was then the custom, stood during the devotional parts of the service. On communion Sundays he left the church with me, after the blessing, and returned home, and we sent the carriage back for my grandmother. “It was his custom to retire to his library at 9 or 10 o'clock, where he remained an hour before he went to his chamber. He always rose before the sun and remained in his library until called to breakfast. I never witnessed his private devotions. I never inquired about them. I should have thought it the greatest heresy to doubt his firm belief in Christianity. His life, his writings, prove that he was a Christian. He was not_one of those who act or pray, ‘that they may be seen of men. He communed with God in secret. “My mother resided two years at Mount Vernon ‘after her marriage with John Parke Custis, the only son of Mrs. Washington. I have heard her say that Gen. Washington always re- ceived the sacrament with my grand- mother before the Revolution. When my aunt, Miss Custis, died suddenly at Mount Vernon, before they could realize the event he knelt by her and prayed most fervently, most affect- ingly for her recovery. Of this I was assured by Judge Washington's moth- er and other witnesses. “He was a silent, thoughtful man. He spoke little generally; never of himself. I never heard him relate a single act of his life during the war. I have often seen him perfectly ab- stracted, his lips moving, but no sound was perceptible. I have sometimes made him laugh most heartily from sympathy with my joyous and extrava- gant spirits. I was probably one of the last persons on earth to whom he would have addressed serious conver- sation, particularly when he knew that I had the most perfect model of female excellence ever with/ me as my moni- tress, who acted the part of a tender and devoted parent, loving me as only a mother can love, and never exten- uating or approving in me what she disapproved in others. She never omitted her private devotions or her public duties, and she and her hus- band were so perfectly united and happy that he must have been a Christian. She had no doubts, no fears for him. After 40 years of @e- voted affection and uninterrupted hap- piness she resigned him without a murmer into the arms of his Savior and his God, with the assured hope of his eternal felicity. Is it necessary that any one should certify devotion to his country. His mottoes were ‘Deeds, Not Words and ‘For God and My Country.’ “With sentiments of esteem, “I am, etc.” ‘This clear-cut pen portraiture of both Gen. and Mrs. Washington has a special charm in this Bicentennial year, flashing up as it from the yellow pages of a venerable volume, and yet retaining all the sparkling freshness and sweetness characteristic of the “little girl whom Washington so dearly loved,” Nellle Custis, “the dar- ling of Mount Vernon.” INDIA’S JUTE MONOPOLY BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. It the people of India espoused the theories of Mahatma Gandhi and scrapped their machinery, doing all of theit manufacturing by hand, the farmers of the United States would find their marketing Costs greatly ad- vanced. For all of those thousands of yards of jute burlap employed in wrapping the familiar cotton bale and in making the wheat sack and the po- tato sack come from a small section of India, either as jute or as woven burlap. 'The little hand loom which the Mahatma recommends would make production so slow that the price of the product would place it somewhere near the class of silk stockings. India's jute monopoly is one of those curious matural monopolies produced by a conspiracy of natural advantages and the trend of trade. It is possible to produce jute in other places, but not | so easily. The result is that a region in Eastern India, occupying only 2 per| cent of that nation’s cultivated land,| raises all the jute used in the world. ! Use of burlap has extended into many fields. It is used in the manu- ! facture of floor coverings. It is used as a wall covering. Hangings often are made of the finer qualities of burlap.| While the use is secondary, younger sons on the farm not infrecuently find themselves clad in burlap which has| become too well: worn for the sacking | of farm products. | Jute is a fiber which is produced in much the same manner that linen, flax, hemp and sisal are produced. The soil and the climate in the deltas of the sacred Ganges and the Brahmaputra Rivers above Calcutta are ideal for the growth of jute. It is a plant which quickly exhausts the soil, and the an- nual inundations of these deltas re- new the properties which go into the plant. | Sowing is going on at this season— | from February to April—and the plants are cultivated until between July and October, when the harvesting takes | place. The plants are cut, first dried partially in the open air and then sub- merged in stagnant water for retting. This process causes the outer skin of the fibers to ferment and fall off Only the tough inner fibers are desir-| able as jute. It is stated that 100 pounds of harvested jute make only| 41, pounds of jute fiber. Jute for ex-| port 1s tightly baled in 400-pound units; | that for domestic spinning and weaving is more loosely baled. Growth of Spinning Industry. Jute spinning did not begin at Cal- cutta until 1855. Since that time the industry has grown until there nov are 70 important mills operating 58,639 | looms and employing more than 300,000 people. It is one of the manufacturing | industries which contributed to the classification of India by the Interna- tional Labor Office as the eighth larg- est industrial nation in the world During the earlier years of the in- dustry the jute was largely exported raw or semi-manufactured and the jute yarns woven into burlap in other more | highly industrialized countries. In re- | cent years users of burlap have shown a preferente for purcha itself from the Indian m! sprung up around Calcut lap bags, readymade in chased for export. Tt the burlap which have Even bur- followed by the United Sta many still imports a good d jute for weaving in that country and guite an industry has grown up in Dun- dee, Scotland, where special burlap weaves for particular purposes are made. The Calcutta mills are designed for mass production and are not inter- ested in special weay Less active industry everywhere in the world may have something to do with the figures, although it is not wholly responsible for the decline in raw jute exports. The policy of foreign purchasers buylng the finished burlap larly re- In 1929 total unted to 897,- ad declined to to the United in 1929 to 53,060 in 1 Germany is the largest importer of raw ju the United Kingdom second, France third and then the United St Exports to d. sponsible for t. exports of raw fute am 863 bales. 619,705 bales. st all of these users have dec! Where Burlap Is Bought. On the other side of the picture is the increased export of burlap cloth and contrast to the change in tr ports of cloth and bag in 1930 than in 1929, in 1931, The United States is far and away the largest user of burlap cloth im- ported from Calcutta. In fact, it takes almost twice as much all others combined. In 1929 imports of burlap amounted to 1,021,816,000 yards and in 1831 to 853,798,000 yards took in 1929 a total of yards, compared with 1, 1931. Australia, where wool is packed for shipment in burlap bags, is the largest importer of readymade burlap bags. Australia took 91,306,000 bags in 1929 and 88,304,000 bags in 1931, The United States took only 19,907,000 bags in 1929 and 10,585,000 in 1931. ‘Total exports of burlap bags from India in 1929 amounted to 497,685,000 and in 1931 to 434,045,000. Like the rest of the world, the grow- ers and weavers of jute have suffered acutely from the price decline. Raw jute exports in 1929 were valued at $118,074,000. In 1931 that figure had awindled to only $47,029,000. Exports of burlap in 1929 were valued at $115,- 475,000 and in 1931 at only $61,442,000. Exports of burlap bags in 1929 were worth $90,985,000 and in 1931 $53,- 355,000. Here, in three years, was & loss to the India jute industry of $162,~ 000,000—$71,000,000 loss to the growers, £54,000,000 to the weavers and $37,- 000,000 to the bag mdkers. It will be noted that the jute farmer suffered more than either of the manufacturing branches. But all are in the same boat. 5 Fifty Years Ago In The Star Fifty years ago the Government was engaged in one of the most important | prosecutions ever undertaken in the Federal Courts, the trial of the so- called star route or Star Route postal cortract cases. | Indictments. The grand jury on | the eighteenth of | February, 1881, returned indictments| against a group of prominent persons | including several eminent former Gov- | ernment officials. The Star of Feb- ruary 21, thus outlined these cases: | “The prosecuting counsel in the star | route cases naturally feel gratified at | the presentment of the parties accused of complicity in these frauds, and the public shares in this feeling. These cases have filled a large measure of public attenton of some years past and | nothing short of a thorough and im- partial judicial investigation will satisfy | the people. It has been charged that a | conspiracy, embracing some high offices of the Government, existed for the pur- pose of defrauding the Government, and that it succeeded in this purpose to the extent of hundreds of thousands of dollars. The component parts of this conspiracy and its methods of operating, together with many other | specific allegations of fraud and cor- ruption, have been from time to time presented to the public. It was shown that star routes in sparsely-settled sec- tions of the West were ‘expedited’ out of all apparent proportion to the service rendered. Public opinion stttled upon the conviction that the Government had been defrauded and there has been a general demand that the guilty per- sons should be discovered and punished. After examining 53 persons the grand | jury unanimously decided that there had been fraud practiced upon the Gov- ernment and presented a number of | persons for indictment. In addition to these criminal proceedings, it is the declared pu: of the prosecution to institute several suits against such of the contractors who are believed to have profited by the frauds as are solvent and for the recovery of all money alleged to have been pald for service never rendered. * * e President Arthur sprang a surprise on the country February 24, 1882, by Conkling Named poune s Roscoe Conk- ling, former to Supreme Court. Vs tor from New York, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. Mr. Conkling had resigned from the Senate only a few months before because President Garfleld had appointed and the Senate had confirmed certain of his political enemies to positions of high importance. He then had been defeated for re- election by the New York Legislature. The Star of February 25, 1882, states that when the nomination was an- nounced Senator Hoar of Massachusetts “took the floor and warmly said that, while he conceded Mr. Conkling’s great abilities and that no man since Webster had surpassed him in intellectual force, | he believed that Mr. Conkling had used his powers for bad purposes and he did not believe him to be honest.” Mr. Hoar objected io an immediate con- | sideration and so the nomination was | sent to committee. The Star said editorially: “This nomination is especially dis- tasteful to that element of the Repub- lican party which sustained President Garfield in all the acts of his adminis- tration, as Mr. Conkling was regarded by them as the head and front of the antagonism of the late President. It is very unusual for an objection to be interposed in the Senate to the im- mediate confirmation of either a mem- ber or an ex-member of that body. Indeed, the custom is to confirm such nominations promptly, without refer- British Opinion Favors Stimson’s Note to Borah BY A. G. GARDINER. LONDON, February 27.—Secretary of State Stimson’s letter to Senator Borah is a universal theme of discussion in the British press. It is recognized in all quarters as the most impressive declaration yeb made on the Far Eastern situation, and the calmness and mod- eration of its tone deepens the gravity of its effect on the public mind. Comment turns mainly on two points. The first is Mr. Stimson’s insistence that the nine-power treaty is only an element in a whole series of agreements making for equilibrium in the Pacific and that Japan's repudiation of that treaty, if condoned, would result in a general upsetting of the eguilibrium. Special significance is attached to the reference to naval construction and the bearing of Mr. Stimson’s warning upon the Washington and London navalagree- ments, the fulfillment of which inevi- tably s imperiled by the Japanese action. » ol B Japan’s claim in her note that she has kept within the terms of the cove- nant is, in the opinion of the London Times, hardly intelligible to Western minds, in view of the fact that Japa=- nese troops began operations in Man- churia without previous notification | being made, much less consultation | being taken with the League of Na- | tions, and that the battle began in Shanghai in direct defiance to an urgent appeal from Geneva. Japan's excuse that her action was justified because | China was not an organized people is dismissed as equally unintelligible, since | the nine-power treaty had no other pur- pose than to preserve China %om the | exploitation invited by her discrganized condition. The second aspect of the Stimson let- ter to which attention is directed is the effect on League action and, particu- larly, British policy. The failure of se the January note d States to Japan has been adversely criticized, and liberal opinion 1s now strongly insistent that the same mistake not be repeated. * k x *x Both the London News-Chronicle and the Manchester Guardian stress the fact that America's declaration that in no circumstances would she recognize ter- ritorial or other readjustments brought about in China by Japanese aggression has created a firm basis for co-opera- tion between the United States and the League, and the papers deplore the fact that the League Council has taken no advantage of this unique opportu= nity. The News-Chronicle comments on the fact that even friendly, moder- ate American opinion feels that Amer- ican action in the Far East has been hampered, with unfortunate results, by the caution and lukewarmness of the European governments, not excepting the British, and urges the necessity for immediate removel of the impression. The Times affirms that all signa- tories relevant to the treaties are united in a policy of preserving the integrity of China and, while still ap- pealing to Japan to join in the con- structive task, indorses the terms of Mr. Stimson’s letter. e A dissentient note comes from the London Daily Telegraph. which, while holding Japan responsibié for the de- plorable position in Shanghai, says that Britain cannot subscribe to Mr. Stim- son’s presentation of the case without qualifications based on the difference between Manchuria and China proper, the provocation to Japan in the former country and the failure of successive Chinese governments to set their house in order. This disregard for the crucial issue of breach ‘of treaties is character- istic of the diminishing support of Japan in the press, and public opinion is overwhelmingly mobilized in sym- pathy with China and in favor of any action consistent with the avoidance of war. ence to a committee, and the fact that a Republican Senator yesterday pre- vented the confirmation of Mr. Conk- ling by exercising his right to object indicates the nature of the opposition to the ex-Senator of New York. If Mr. Conkling wishes to accept the appoint- ment, there is no doubt, however, of his ultimate confirmation. Speculation is rife as to his intentions, and as he declines to enlighten the regard there is nothing for it but to walt and see the outcome. The impres- sion seems to be that Conkling was not consulted in advance of his nomination and that he is therefore entirely free either to accept or decline. Some of his critics say that would be triumph enough for Mr. Conkling to decline the positi that many distinguished men would be glad to have and that he was appointed in order to give an opportunity to thus manifest his indif- ference to distinguished- preferment. But this is mere specylation.” . public in this | has * k x % Interest now centers on the meeting of the League Assembly next Thursday. It is not expected, especially in view of President Hoover's attitude in re- gard to economic pressure, that this expedient will be urged. It is now felt that the time when this easure could effectively have been employed passed. But Mr. Stimson’s letter indicates the line of action which is expected to command the approval of the Council and the emphatic indorse~ ment of the Assembly. The consoli= dation of world opinion on the neces- sity of the fulfillment of treaty obliga~ tions, a clear verdict as to the guilt in the present case, a reaffirmation of the policy of the integrity of China and repudiation of any territorial or other interferences to that integrity are ex- ted to be the issue of the Assem- ly's discussions. (Copyrient, 1932.)