Evening Star Newspaper, October 4, 1931, Page 33

LUCAS GIVES G. O. P. VIEW OF PROBLEMS OF NATION Declares in Radio F Americanism and orum Address That American System Are to Be Issues. HE full text of the address of | Robert H. Lucas, executive di- rector of the Republican Na- tional Committee, on “A Re- publican View of Present Prob- arranged by the Washing.on Jems,” X Star and broadcast over a Nation-wide network of the Columbia Broadcasting Co., follows: We are on the eve of the most im- rtant political campaigns—the couniry B s I Tecent years. Conditions are critical, not only in our own land| but throughout the whole world. With the possible exception of the war perlod | there has never been a time when the| proper adjustmen: of international re- Jationships was so_diffic and at the same time of such via importance. past _icw months it he: never before v the wel-| fare of one country d up with that of all other countries and how vitally essential it is that harmony and good will should exist among the nations. At such a time as this it is im- measurably fortunate that the Presi- dent of the United States is a states- man of world-wide acquaintance, with & grasp and understanding of inter-| national relationships, which perhaps| has never been equaled, certainly has never been exceeded by any of our Presidents. When Herbert Hoover came to the White House he already knew personally every important states- man in Europe and held the compleie confidence of all of them. His in-| fluence, therefore, has been most potent | during’ the period through which wa| have been passing and it has always | been exercised for peace, progress and prosperity. To have this strong, in- spiring and, steadying influence with- drawn from international councils, either now or a year from now would be a real calamity, not only to our own oountry, but to the whole world. Recalls MacDonald Visit. Early in his administration, in Octo- ber 1029, President Hoover inaugurated 8 new era of international amity and understanding when he invited Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister of Great Britain, to come to the United States | in order that the heads of the two t English-speaking nations should | fave an opportunity to meet one another face to face and talk out in friendly, leisurely fashion the great problems that confronted them in the | world. Out of this visit grew the Lon- don Naval Conference, as a result of which an end was put to the destruc- tive and threatening race for naval supremacy and an agreement among all he great naval powers was reached for the limitation of sea armaments, which | not only directly promoted the prospect of world peace, but has lifted from the shoulders of the taxpayers of all the nations a load that was fast becoming an intolerable burden. Following the recedent he had thus set himself. esideni Hoover Imas recently extended an invitation to Mr. Plerre Laval, the | Premier of France, to visit him in| Washington. That invitation has been | accepted and within a few days the | head of the French government will be in direct personal conference with the President of the United States with | results that cannot fail to be beneficent and far reaching. Following the visit of the great French statesman it is| expected that the Chancellor of Ger- many, will be a guest of the President and another conference will be held that must certainly be of great moment to all the world. That one after another the most power- ful figure in each of the three most powerful nations of Europe has accepted the invitation of the Presi- dent of the United States for the pur- pose of personal conference is a testi- monial. not only to the position of leadership which our Nation holds among the great powers of the world, but it is a testimonial also to the rank and standing and influence of the President himself, which may well touch the pride of every American citizen. Reviews Hoover Actions. And just as President Hoover has exercised and is exercising a dominat- ing influence in international affairs, #0 he has held and exercised the lead- ership in domestic matters which we ex- pect from our President. For the first time in our history in a period of de- g::uion the office of the President has n the center from which have gone out steady, encouraging and helpful messages and measures. President Hoover wasted no time in lamentation. Immediately upon the crash in the Stock Exchange, which marked the be- ginning of the business recession, the President _acted. He called into con- ference the powerful figures in bank- ing and finance and measures were taken which prevented the money panic that for a time seemed inevitable. He called together the directors of great industries and secured from them a pledge that there should be no reduc- tion in wages. He called the leaders of labor and obtained their pledge that there should be peace in the labor world. He summoned the Governors of States and the heads of great cor- corporations and they gave him their assurance that to the limit of their resources works of public and corporate construction should be carried forward. He recommended to the Congress of the United States increased appropria- tions for carrying on of public works by the Federal Government. Prom time to time he urged upon the employers of the country the policy of staggering work in such a way as to afford em- ployment to the greatest possible num- ber of people. As a result of these con- crete and constructive efforts all fair- minded men concede that to the Presi- dent must go the credit for the fact that during the past two years em- E'o'ymem has been held at a far higher el than would otherwise have been the case, that there have been fewer disturbances growing out of disputes between labor and capital, and a smaller percentage of wage reductions than have ever been known in any similar period. Largely through the President’s steadying influence we have had no such financial stress and strain as have shaken even the financial structure of Great Britain to its foundations. With- out any desire in the least to minimize the untoward business conditions that prevail throughout the country, it yet Temains true as Mr. William Randolph Hearst said recently, after returning from a tour of Europe, that in com- parison with conditions in other coun- tries the depression here has made hardly more than a dent in the surface of our prosperity. That conditions, bad as they are, would have been im- measurably worse but for the direct action of President Hoover will not be denied by informed and fair-minded men. President Gave Warning. In times through such as we are now passing there is always danger that sound principles of government and wise measures of statesmanship may be set aside by the plausible appeals of sincere but unthinking men who im- agine that our difficulties are due in some obscure way to our form of gov- ernment; who pretend that economic ills, which have grown out of a long succession of events, can be cured over- night by the prescription of some un- tried remedy, that immutable economic laws can be set aside and superceded by some legislative enactment. It was from the danger of following such lead- ership that the President warned the people when 1n his recent Indianapolis speech he used these significant words: “The issue is whether we shall go on every man as to what he may or may not do. In se words the President named the great issue. Sume of the people may not see it now. Othe: things blur their vision— tariff, farm relief, prohibition, foreign commerce, unemployment. But the penetrating eye of the Presi- dent, looking beneath the superficial and ephemeral, looking beyond the lim- ited horizon of the here and the now, sees to the heart of the great problem and knows that it reaches to the very foundations of the Republic. And so in solemn words he warns us. Thus rica has been built ypon a ch holds that the major purpose of a State is to protect the people and to give them equality of | opportunity, that the basis of all hap- piness is in development of the indi- Vi , that the sum of progress can e gauged by the progress of the individual, that we should steadily build up co-operation among the peo- ple themselves to these ends. Shall we stand by that system and remain America, or shall we regiment the pop- ulation into a bureaucracy and direct every man as to what he may or may not do, and become another Russia? Americanism Seen Issue. There is the real issue, individualism or collectivism, capitalism or commu- | nism, Ame! nism or boishevism, the republic or the soviet? This issue, in set terms, may not be fought out in the next campaign. But tho outcome of that campaign will have a very direct bearing on it, one way or or another. The Republican party stands for the American system. The coalition that will oppose the Repub- lican party, in Congress and out, is| against that system. It is fighting for measures which, if adopted, will under- mine the entire fabric of our Govern- ment as the fathers founded it. It'is fighting for a creed foreign to our people. It is asking us to abandon the philosophy America has followed for 150 years. The first and most insistent demand that is made upon us is that we aban- don the American system of the pro- tective tariff. An accepted Democratic leader recently told this radio audience that “high tariff walls should come down alike everywhere to a common level” That doctrine must sound strange in the ears of a score of other countries whose tariff levels are higher than our own. It must sound stranger still in the ears of American citizens who have somehow conceived the idea that the United States is the best judge of the legislation that will promote its own interests, and that in framing its tariff laws it can do without either the example or the advice of other nations. Never before, so far as I recall, has any American statesman suggested that all the tariff laws of all the nations should be on the same level, a suggestion which gives no consideration to the differences in situation, in products, in markets, in needs and tastes that exist among the peoples of the world, and that as- sumes as a possibility what every one must realize with a moment’s thought | is impossible, Certainly never before has any American statesman demanded that the Congress of the United States in framing a tariff law should consult not the needs and interests of the American people but the statutes of other nations. Hawley-Smoot Tariff. The Hawley-Smoot tariff bill became a law June 17, 1930. It was precisely what President Hoover had asked of Congress, a “limited revision” of the tariff act of 1922, and not a general revision as thcse who had opposed it declared. In a report after the law had been in operation a year, the Tariff Commission stated that of the 3,300 dutiable items mentioned in the bill, 890 were altered and 2,170 were untouched. To the charge that duties in the bill were unreasonably increased the Tariff Commission responds that in the value of the total imports the duties were increased upon approxi- mately 22.5 per cent, while 77.5 cent were either untouched or actually decreased. The President asked in his message to Congress that the tariff be revised, especially in the interest of agriculture, and that request was complied with. Of all the increases made in the bill as reported by the Tariff Commis- sion, 93.73 per cent are upon produce of agricultural origin measured in value, while only 6.25 per cent are upon commodities of strictly non-agricultural origin. The average rate upon agri- cultural raw materials shows an in- crease in this bill from 38.02 per cent carried in the old law to 4892 per cent, whereas the in- crease on dutiable articles of strictly cther than agricultural origin was from 31.02 per cent to 34.31 per cent. In other words, the duties of interest to egriculture were increased nearly 11 per cent, while the duties which con- cerned industry were increased but 3 per cent. Not only were duties in- creased on the things the farmer has to sell, but 130 imported articles, the things the farmer has to buy, were placed on the free list. Sell to Best Market. The most insistent attack upon the new law is made on the score that it has destroyed our foreign trade. Other nations will not buy in America, we are told, unless they can sell here. Noth- ing could be farther from_the truth, To cite just two examples: Ir. the fiscal year 1929 British South Africa sold in the United States only $9,000,000 worth of goods, but she bought in our markets $63,000,000 worth of commodities. The same year we sold to Japan only $259,- 000,000 worth of things, but we’ bought from Japan $431,000,U00 worth. Busi- ness is cold blooded. It does not go by favor. It goes by price list. Men of ail nations sell in the best market they can find, and they buy where they can buy cheapest. Lowering of the Ameri- can tariff surely would dump larger quantities of foreign goods on our mar- kets, displacing just that amount of our domestic proauction and correspond- ingly adding to our unemployment, but it would not create a market for a dol- lar's worth of American products in for- eign lands. The falsity of the claim that our alleged high tariff prevents other nations from selling to us and therefore restricts their purchases from us is demonstrated, by the Custom House records which show that since the present law went into effect imports of goods which are on our free list have declined to a greater extent than our dutiable imports. As to our export trade, the records prove that 19 representative countries comprising our leading cus- tomers purchased 20 per cent of their imports from the United States last year, while their purctases from us dur- ing the normal years 1924-1927, before the present law was enacted, averaged only 20.7 per cent of their total im- ports. Official records conclusively re- fute the charge that the Hawley-Smoot bill is wrecking our foreign trade. Benefits From Duties. It can be just as easily shown that the new tariff l]aw has been of immeasurable valu: to American agriculture and to American industry. In the presence of world-wide surpluses of the principal field grains there can be no question that if farm products had been on the free list, as they were under the last Democratic tariff law, our markets would have been fairly inundated with the procucts of foreign farms and fields to the incalculable loss of American farmers. It is equally certain that but with our American system * * * or shall directly or indirectly regiment the population into a bureaucracy to serve the State, uee force instead of co- Rperation in plsbs and thereby for the Frot?ctive duties on the output of our factories foreign goods by the hundreds of million dollars, the product of low-priced labor, would have poured (Centinued on Fage.), THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, OCTOBER 4, 1931—PART. TWO. Speed and the Depression Getting What WeVWnnl Quickly One Cause of Crash, Says Philosopher, Who Offers Suggestions. BY IRVING BACHELLER. PEED and power have won the |~ heart of the world, but there are things that will not be hurried. The short hand of the clock holds its pace. On many sides of the earth gas engines are humming like bees around a hive. They have done and are to do great work, but, nevertheless, they have increased the recklessness of man; they tend to make him despise the slow-going things. The turtle, praised by philosophers, is the men of boob of creation. I sing of slowness and its power. The best things we know go slowly or not at all. Character and wisdom come not in a day or a year, but as slowly as the growth of the elm tree. There is no gasoline tank for the human intel- lect. It must be content with creep- ing or disaster comes. Ages and ages |are spent in building up the spirit of a people until it has a respect for | honor ‘and human rights, but when its —Drawn for The Sunday Star by Joseph Simont. SPEED AND POWER HAVE WON THE HEART OF THE WORLD—LIFE HAS BECOME A RUSH AND A SCRAMBLE n have passed it will !.g: back 1like an avalanche down heights it has climbed. Msaking a saint is a slow process, but he may be thor- oughly ruined in an hour. Life has become a rush and scramble. ‘Weary of rough and toflsome paths, we |to! seek an_ airline route to all destina- tions. There &5 much crashing. Many are no longer content to get riches by thrift and hard work. The old method is too slow. They must win a fortune overnight by a miracle. CHEMISTRY HELD MEANS OF SOUTH’S SALVATION Scientist, Born in Slavery, Has Proved Unlimited Economic Value of Peanut, Weeds and Clay. BY MARY CHURCH TERRELL. HIS is the story of a man who e led the *Columbus " It is a misnomer, it seems to me. He should be called the ‘“Columbus of the Peanut.” Me found the lowly peanut a common plebeian and has made it a patrician. He has taken it from its age-old associations with circus tents, the monkeys and elephants thereunto pertaining, and from the venders on the street corners who sell the little goobers to the public and has lifted it men of high finance who always wel come with open arms any product ca- pable of putting more money into their already well filled coffers. The name of the man who has done this is Dr. George W. Carver. For nearly 40 years he has been a teacher at Tuskegee Institute, which, as every- body knows, was founded by Booker T. Washington 50 years ago. In every- thing pertaining to plant life Dr. Carver is really “wondrous wise.” Many years ago he jumped into the bramble bush of agricultural chemistry, so to speak, | so as to open other people’s eyes and not to scratch out his own, as the famous gentleman described in Mother Goose's Rhymes is reputed to have done. Story Filled With Interest. Hearing Dr. Carver tell about his experiences and his work on general principles is like listening to a fairy tale. There is no better proof of this than an experience he once had in the House of Representatives in Washing- ton. When the House Committee on Ways and Means was discussing the advisability of imposing a tariff ‘upon the peanut, Dr. Carver was invited to appear and throw some light on the subject. It was the consensus that he knew more about that little nut than any other human being in the United States—and, therefore, in the world. The scientist was told he would be al- lotted exactly 10 minutes by the clock to give the committee the information for which he had been asked. He stopped promptly at the expiration of that time. ut._the Representatives would not let Dr. Carver stop, and they kept crying for more until he had spoken for nearly two hours. It would be interesting to ascertain how many times in the history of this country & congressional committee has insisted “Fot}‘m having anybody speak that length o e, Prof. Carver has made almost every. thing from the peanut but dynamite. And those who have seen him at his work and know the wonders he has- performed would not be surprised if he did that in a pinch. By the way, he helped to win the World War, not by manufacturing explosives to destroy the lives of human bel but by converting sweet potatoes into flour when our 4,000,000 soldiers nearly all the wheat the United States could grow. 200 Products From Peanut. When Dr. Carver appeared before the Congressional Committee he told the m:rllnbers mth.ddmt.lzdrz x‘gi products from the peanut an e expected to create more. He has faithfully kept his word. According to the latest re- ports available, he credits the modest little goober with enough native are- ative power to produce more than 200 articles which human beings need. In addition to the familiar peanut butter, under the magic of Dr. Carver's hands, there lie wrufiped up in the rough and brittle shell of the peanut 10 varieties of milk, 5 kinds of break- fast food, 2 grades of flour, ice cream in all flavors, candy, salad oils, 5 dif- ferent kinds of punches, bisque, “Wor- cestershire” sauce, chili sauce, oleo- margerine, cheese—all for human food —and 4 kinds of cattle food, to a list made by the Popular Science Monthly. From peanuts he has also made a variety of useful commercial by- products, including 9 varieties of wood stains, 19 shades of leather dyes, metal polishes, axle grease, toilet amd laun- dry soaps, ink, tannic acid, glycerin, not to mention several medicines. For instance, he has made from the red outside skins of nut. And th;f end is n&t fi @ you laboratory in Tus- to take a cupful of shelled peanuts and make a pint of rich milk which is just as good as our bovine friend could offer. In describl this milk its maker says: “It is rich, creamy and palatable, and it contains 3 times as much carbohydrates, 3 as much protein and 12 times as much i fat as cow's milk and only one-tenth as much water. It is a distinct prod- uct in the dietary of the human family. For culinary purposes its possibilities :nre practically unlimited.” This peanut milk may be used in cook- (Continued on Fourth Page.) ONCE had some correspond- ence with the alumnpae secretary of a woman's college, an estimable lady seeking to raise more money for her institution, which it well deserves, quite Our letters develo an interesting exchange of ideas on education, until I made the mistake of sending this comment: “I am a believer in women's colleges, and I think they re- ceive much less than their rightful share of legacies and gifts. But I sometimes think they have pushed their scho- lastic standards too high, and are applying them too rigor- ol . 'Two-of the most su c;s:d ul and stt;'acuve mlddli- aged women of my u:q(unn - ance are college graduates. They have been a source of prlcé: and ;e{vul:!e % their llmat, mater. Yet, e presen stan d been in force in their day, and had been as arbitrarily applied, both of them would have been thrown out of college at the end of their first semester. They were poor students, but they are great women.” I added rather facetiously: «“After all, a majority of col- lege girls are going to enter g‘xe dro!?tslon e:lfi matrimony. y idea of a colle; would be to tucge a:em to look after their health, culti- vate their sense of humor, and then add whatever amount of = g they could th“l; out spoiling the! good looks.” This stopped the correspond- ence. The lady regarded me as lacking in seriousness, and wrote to me no more. Yet I have the temeri publish the comment, add -firm con to B | Young men and women, even young boys, have turned to banditry—a new form of recklessness in Eastern Amer- ica. They have taken the gas engine and gun route to affluence. Widows, wives, clerks, chauffeurs, hard-handed ilers—all gamble in Wall Street. For & time every one is making money. Billions of dollars are invested in a network of concrete paving that con- nects every city, town and village on the continent. Billions of dollars are (Continued on Fourth Page.) WORLD DEPRESSION RELIEF PLAN GIVEN BY ECONOMISTS Financial, Economie, Social and Political Solutions for National and Interna- tional Problems Offered Statesmen. BY PAUL SCOTT MOWRER, By Cable to The Star. PARIS, France, October 3.—The present depression is said to difter from all previous depressions in two respects: Pirst, that it is world-wide and com- pletely international; second, that it is marked conspicuously by a collapse of leadership. ‘The opinion has been advanced that the lack of leadership is due to the in- ternational character of the crisis for, in the present stage of human de- velopment, virtually all real leadership 1is either local or national, whereas the WANTED: TEACHERS OF HUMOR! BY BRUCE BARTON That the world does not need more knowledge as much as it needs more humor. Do you remember the fa- mous_session of the cabinet at which Abraham Lincoln resented the Emancipation amation? He preceded it by reading one of the hu- morous _essays of Artemus Ward. He laughed until the tears came and then, lookin, around at his associates an finding them all solemn, he exclaimed: “Gentlemen, why don’t you laugh? With e fearful strain that is upon me night and day, if I did not laug] should die; and you need this medicine as much as I.” in points out that it is the little differences, not the big is- sues, on which marriages are wrecked?. To look across the table and see blank expression on your wife's face, when you are convulsed with laughter— that, he says, is a test that few marriages can stand. I was in Mexico with Am- bassador Morrow when Will Rogers arrived. I saw how wonderfully his humor dis- armed the aux&ldons of the Mexican officials and opened the way for all the g ‘work that the Ambassador did later. Having all this in d, I :‘fler two constructive sugges+ ons: 1. That the President make foll a] tments: 2. And that John D. Rocke- feller or Edward Harkness es- tablish and endow at each leading college a professorship in humor. (Copyright, 1931.) depression can neither be explained nor overcome save internad ly. Under these circumstances a small group of international economists and political thinkers in Paris is putting forward for the consideration of statesmen, who now travel so frequently from capital to capital, a conservative and con- structive program intended to serve as a basis for possible national and in- ternational solutions. Four Measures Offered. This program is divided into four headings: Financial, economic, social and political. In the opinion of its authors, measures under all these head- mu should be carried on simul- eously. Financial. orts to retard deflation should abandoned. All prices, including , should be allowed to fall to their tural economic level. Stocks of goods lquidated at whatever the ‘The theory is that the sooner de- its course, the sooner will eflnreeuve*ry and the shorter will be 3 2. Credit, except for public works or the development of new ll’n:rkm. should 1o restors the hubits 5 Baift and e 0. restore of ft and dealings. 3. Artificial trade barriers, including m!'orn:;md Do lowered either di- rectly preferential regional agree- ments or by both. Public Works Proposed. of national and interna- works of genuine utility ed and executed. 8. Concerted efforts should be made to restore by political and financial co- operation old markets now disrupted like India and China. Similar effort should be made to develop mew mar- kets; for example, by improving com- munications, financing farmers in East- emn and Southeastern Europe, whose standard of livig is susceptible of being greatly raised and who many millions of possible consumers. 4. Programs tional public should be i o o e combat- unsound. Government Economy Urged. Government expenditures should 2. in every way possible, first, to balance reduce hxum Lo venml' mu.:z“ nmerpopu].flm birt o E: 'hgm:nbs'hfiwfl’ erlnmnnd. o . naf migraf ok lonal e tion bureau number | | | [French Lo 3 “BACK TO LACARNO” SEEN BERLIN’S ONLY PEACE HOPE ans to Reich Expected to Result in Economic Agreement and Real Understanding. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. HAT will be the political ef- fect of the British financial crisis? So far the world has been concerned almost exclusively with the financial and economic as- pects, but it is clear that on the Pouu- cal side the results will be hardly less far-reaching. And the first result must be to place squarely before Germany the alternative of making peace or Elunglnq into either a Communistic or ationalistic domestic upheaval. The situation which now exists is the direct outcome of & German de- cision. At the end of the World War the German people, like the Austrian and the Hungarian, refused to accept the terms of the peace treaties. These treaties constituted in their eyes the ruin of all they held sacred and dear— a denial of their present hopes and future ambitions. Twelve Years of Conflict. ‘The consequence has been 12 years of post-war conflict—a war- in peace. In this war Germany again has been beaten. She is bankrupt today. Aus- tria and Hungary, also at the edge of gave up the fight and obtained the only terms they could get at Paris. They took money and abandoned rights. Germany, equally helpless, has no other choice. Actually her situation is worse today even than in 1919, because in this last conyulsion she has exhausted the possi- bilities of aid from the outside world. All along, once the war emotions had vanished, » the British and American people have seen justice in German claims. And particularly in the matter of reparations they have aided as they could through the Dawes plan and the Young plan. For now neither London nor New York can do more. Whatever the funda- mental causes of the British crisis, the precipitating cause was the German crash. And the due to the German fight against the peace treaties. British and American | finanelers were caught in Ge: the way American tourists were caught there in July, 1914, when mobilizaton orders were suddenly issued. Must Get Money Back. ‘The problem for London &nd New York now is to get their money back from Germany, not to risk more. It is & problem which can be solved only on the condition of Europe. And, precisely as long as the Germans continue -their campaign against the treaty of Versallles there can be no peace. Therefore, Germany has to make peace. She has to make peace with France. She is in precisely the situa- tion of France after the fall of Paris in 1871. And as the price of peace then was the cession of Alsace-Lor- raine, the price now is the recognition of the present finality of the loss of the Polish Corridor. Germany does not possess the corridor. She has not even the legal title, as France still had to Alsace-Lorraine until ratification of the treaty of Prankfort. In reality Germany has nothing but her claim, backed by her will. But un- ‘will, to join in some form of political moratorium, she can get no financial aid in the world. She cannot even pay back what she owes Britain and America. But what, after all, does such a moratorium mean? Nothing in the world but a renewal of the pact of utter ruin, have surrendered again. They | German trouble was | mlu and order in| less she now agrees to suspend that Locarno, which has never legally lapsed. | Russia would invade Poland, but the last invagion was crushed in a battle under the walls of Warsaw in 1920, and Russia now is engaged in an enormous project of domestic organization. Finally, the Germans reckoned on the internal collapse of Poland as a result of ’Pglmeal incompetency. e moral effect of a German agree- ment to a political moratorium will be considerable. Poland will be able to consolidate still further her hold in Danzig and the Provi Pomerelia. ‘The p ct for Germany is bitter in the extreme. The situation between France and Germany now and when the battle began in 1919 has changed in- calculably, and every gain has been with the Prench. It would be inexact, however, to say Germany has lost everything for which she fought. On the contrary, she has won almost com- pletely her battle against reparations. Under the treaty of Versailles she was bound in principle to an annual payment of more than $1,500,000- 000. Under the Dawes plan it was scaled down to $625,000,000, under the Young plan to $450,000,000. Now Ger- | meny is asked to pay only the $150,- 000,000 of the Young plan uncondi- Prance will try to hold her to this, but it will not be easy. Says Debts Are Dead. In the main reparations, and war debts with them, are dead—as dead as Queen Anne. It may be that the Amer- {ican Congress will never agree to for- mal cancellation, but the Hoover mora- torium will be renewed and renewed. It will be renewed because there will be no choice. Germany cannot pay, Britain cannot pay without Genm pl{menu, and France and Italy wi not. So much the Germans have accom- plished, chiefly at the expense of the United States. Once a political moratorium does ar- rive, the German position in the world, and ryamcularly at Geneva, will be materially benefited. The old associa- | tion of Stresemann, Briand and Cham- berlain is sure to find some contem- | porary repetition. The gain for the | League will be greater than for any | individual country The League has suffered incalculably b; becoming the battleground for French and G an statesmansbip. It can resume where | it left off when the death of Strese- mann and the rise of the National- Socialists in Germany led to the vir- tual scrapping of Locarno. | . “Back to Locarno!” That is all that is left for Germany or for Europe. | With a reversion to Locarno, Franco- | German reconciliation will not arrive | speedily, nor perhaps ever, in any ser- timental fashion. But along with | French loans to the reich will go some | form of economic agreement which will | reunite Rubr coal and French iron, & matter which becomes urgent, now that the French hold on tHe Sarre is about to lapse. The two nations can and will | do business together, and for a time at | least stop fighting politics. See New Tariff Union. Along with the ending of the Pranco- German war there must come some sort of adjustment in Central Europe. Eco- nomic association between Czechoslo- | vakia, Hungary and Austria—some form |of tariff reunion of the old Hapsburg | monarchy—is inescapable if all of the | middle of Europe is not to disintegrate. | 'The Germans will instinctively op- pose it, because it would end their hope of the Anschluss, of Austro-German iunlonA But, again, they can have little power. The Italians will dislike it be- | cause it will have the semblance of re- storing their ancient and hereditary ce of | tional detail. After the occupation of the Ruhr Stresemann, the single statesman post- war Germany has produced, perceived that Germany must make terms with France or disintegrate in domestic an- archy and misery. He agreed, there- fore, to resign all claims on the part of the Germans to Alsace-Lorraine and to renounce the right to recover the Polish Corridor and Upper Silesia by arms. . Hoped for Treaty Revision. ‘The Germans have hoped against hope that the Anglo-Saxon desire to see Europe get back to normal life would lead them to force France and her allles to agree to treaty revision, but that has not happened and is out of the question now. The germans also hoped that Soviet Seek to Take WARSAW, October 3.—Acts of ter- rorism recently have taken. place again in the southeastern district of Poland— Malopolska, formerly known as Eastern Galicla, a region inhabited mostly by Ruthenians, among whom agitation has been conducted for years with the ob- Jec:uol seceding from the Polish re- Ppublic. Rumors have been current of alleged persecutions of the Ukranian minority in Poland. These rumors began when the Polish authorities took measures for the suppression of acts of terrorism committed on private and government Eroperty in Eastern Malopolska by an legal organization, headed by the so- (U. O. W.), whose headquarters are abroad, in Berlin, Geneva and Amer- ica. Across the border in Soviet Ukrainia, any manifestation in favor of an inde- pendent Ukrainian movement is sup- flreued by Moscow, but the movement sald to be encouraged by ow in . | Poland. The Polish government asserts that the organizers of terrorism in Malo- polska were members of the U. O. W. recruited from the local intelligentsia and lower middle class. ‘The terrorists succeeded by threats and murders in persuading the peasant masses that they (the terrorists) were stronger than the Polish authorities. The sifuation in Eastern Malopolsk be- came similar to that of Ireland during the years following the World War. Whoever showed ce in Eastern Malopolska and disapproved of terror- ism, was exposed to merciless vengeance. ‘The renowned Ukrainian poet Tver- dochlib was murdered for the reason that he opggsed the action directed the Polish sf against tate. ‘The Polish government in the U. O. W. has not proclaimed mar- tial law or set up courts-martial. It is 'uflnk the various phases of treaty re- vision can and should be -carefully studied with a view of ascertaining first, whether the treaty terms have as yet the [hed & fair test of their fitness and ties | could be internat , and second, wherever it ap- pears that they have such a test and have falled in_practice, an effort should be made to find a suitable com- &mmmm between the contending coun- However, the authors of the plan feel mcn,lythncthepuuneunmm g?if for pressing t:l‘-l‘gamhllhly dcblubl‘z tical issues. lere appears be no likelihood thgt either &me ‘who favor revision or Wwho oppose it will suddenly give in to the other and, as it appears that the constant tension of o] ition in this issue on both sides 1 only prolong interna- tional anxiety and uncertainty, favor a declaration of 5 or 10 years of political truce, at the end of which time, if nm on &mlt;‘x yomuml': still "urgen lemanded, these poi submitted to some sort of tion -as sug: + Terrorism Sweeps Area Ruthenians called Ukrainian military orgnnizatlon‘ enemy. On the other hand, it would | relieve them of all fear of the An- |schluss and might lead to the disinte- | gration of ‘the Prench system of alli- ances, held together by fear. | "In any event, there are the two im- | mediate possibilities following upon the British_crisis—Franco-German political truce, based upon German acceptance of the territorial status quo; economic association in the Central European area between Czechoslovakia, Austria and Hungry. These two thipgs are the irreducible minimum of any political or economic progress in Europe. If both were achieved, a long step would be taken toward escape from the im- mediate mess and toward the exorcising of the fear of war or of anarchy, which are the present alternatives. (Copyright, 1931.) Away From Poland applying a plan of pacification with the help of the police and military. In the period from July to December last 5,150 search warrants were car- Tied out, resulting in 1,739 arrests. Of this number 596 persons were released immediately after examination and 1,- 143 were committed for trial. During the same period there were confiscated 1,287 rifles and 566 revoivers. Mexico Sees Tourist Trade as Poor Business MEXICO CITY.—Tourist traffic is not altogether to Mexico's advantage, | as the Influx of foreign visitors benefits only a few hotels which are operated by non-Mexican elements. So declares the government's local daily newspaper, El Nacional Revolucicnario, The paper asserts that at least 40 per cent of per- sons who come here as toursts find jobs in the republic, and therefore force m?ns into the army of the unem- According to the publication, of the approximately 27,000 Americans who came here with tourist cards during the second half of 1930, at least 12,000 are working in Mexico without having paid head taxes or any other immigra- tion levies. The paper accuses certain unnamed foreign companies operating in Mexico of assisting these “slacker” of'nosay ationale, " The Charge i Sy nationals. The also made against these companies that Wwhen they dismiss workers it is always Mexicans they fire, and in many cases g!:'ce- of discharged nationals have n filled by foreigners. The paper calls for the expulsion of all who vio- late the coyntry's tourist laws, P el Canadian Hens Show Gain in Productivity OTTAWA, Ontario.—Canadian hens are working much harder than thes did 10 years ago. In 1920 6,010 birds andmed an average of 122.1 eggs each. the ensuing 10 years this average rose steadily year by year until 1930, when nm 178 eggs per ggg - - seven years production of eggs Canada has increased t Production of butter last year hit & new h record, 187,151,247 pounds hay produced at a value of $57,177,798, an incredse In quantity over the preceding year of 16,341,017 ST but & decrease in value of $8,~ e total quantity of factory cheese made in 1930 was 118,919,558 pounds at a value of $18,105,447, as compared with 118,746,286 in 1929 at & unds Vale of $21471,330. The decrease. in value was due to the average price hav- U ing. from 18.08 cents in lggmfi cents in 1930,