Evening Star Newspaper, April 19, 1931, Page 30

ot S DIPLOMATIC WORLD TODAY IS WORLD OF BUSINESS| .te e Its Problems Now Are Economic and Are Solved by Trained Men in Businesslike Manner. Continued From First eonsuls, attaches and other lesser breeds without the ambassadorial law. Literature and art might be considered within the diplomatic purview, but if the high ranking envoy ever con- descended to busy himself with practi- cal things, international law was the lmit of his condescension. Such was the atmosphere of the old diplomacy. It was natural that it re- fiected and fostered the high interna- tional intrigue of the times. Competi- tion between nations was perhaps as keen as it is today. But it was not envisioned as economic competition. The conception of the world economics ‘was har born. The international competition of the day was a struggle for military power and the national prestige that went with it. Offensive and defensive alliances were the breath of life. It did not take a Wilsonian master- mind to see that this sort of diplomacy was out of place in the modern world. But the War President had his atten- tion fixed on the evil symptoms of the old diplomacy. He desired to rid inter- national relations of the curse of intrigue, secret llllnncn and backstairs deals. His remedy was “open covenants | openly arrived at If the “new diplomacy” of Woodrow | Wilson has not been a marked success, it may be that the momentum of the Old World monarchical system is still too powerful. But the evolution of the | modern industrial world is changing | diplomacy much more effectively than ‘Wilson's moralizing. It may be no more “‘open” than in ages past, but the very nature of its task is abating the evils ‘which Wilson and all right-thinking men abominated. Nations Economic Units. The nations are no longer mere sources of power for the maximation of monarchical egos. They are eco- nomic units whose Prum.ry concern is me enhancement of the material well of their peoples. While some ruervn.ionu must be made to this state- ment, there is enough of practical de- mocracy in world ay to make it substantially true. The competitive factor in economics has by no means been wholly eliminated, and it serves 1o keep alive some of the characteristics of the old diplomacy. But the world is rapidly learning that the old-style “diplomatic victory” which involved the “defeat” of one of the parties is of lit- tle permanent value. A diplomatic vic- tory in the modern interdependent ‘world must be a victory for both parties. Just as a business transaction, to have satisfactory results, must bring ad- vantage to both sides. m. major change in national aims transforming the whole aspect of mlfl Even at Washington, where these ideas are not as new as in some capitals, the international microcosm is rapidly changing. The diplomatic eurpl of which Sir Ronald Lindsey, Claudel, Friedrich Wilhelm von m‘m.- and Giacomo de Martino are honored members is quite n dmermz m from its predecessor in the days of Lord Bryce, Jusserand, Count von Bernstorfl and the Marchese Cusani Confalonieri. Scions of Old Families ‘The difference is not primarily one of personnel so far as the principal powers are concerned. Bryce and Jus- serand, of course, were men of an amazing catholicity of interest, as dis- ished in their own day as they flwmfil gifts as & poet have won mnylue in the succession of literary ambassa- These men, along with Senor Don Padilla y Bell, Amhnudvr sp.tn the Prince de who has just commercial attaches and some of them financial attaches on their staffs. ‘The diplomatic world is no longer a world with a rarefled political atmos- phere. The dlrlomnuc world today is & business world. Its inhabitants are big business men in the sense that they represent nations which are essentially big business conce: ‘This is no less true of the Lin the Claudels, the De Martinos and the Padilla y Bells, who can be readily associated with the old tradition, than of their colleagues, who frankly and_ proudly belong to the new dispensation.” In fact, Sir Ronald Lindsay, albeit he is a career diplo- matist, spent six years as adviser to the Egyptian fovemmen'. a position in which economics, finance and adminis- trative problems were his dally diet. Claudel, despite his love for poetry, was trained in the consular service of France and is reputed to relish writing a rej on some economic question as keenly as inditing metrical stanzas. ‘whether these men of the older school have had economic training or not, they are thinking in economic terms. They are working in a business world, and they would not be where they are if they were not capable of dealing with business problems. They | are driven by the very nature of their | service to devote themselves as whole- heartedly to consideration of commer- cial and financial affairs as were their matters of high politics. The character of the diplomatic world has changed predecessors to the consideration of { utterly since the days when they en- tered diplemacy. That they are num- bered among its more considerable per- sonages is evidence not that the diplo- matic corps is as it was, but that they have acquired the qualifications which enable them to meet the demands of a new time. Contrast Sharply Drawn. ‘When we get away from individuals and into their activities, the contrast between the old and the new diplomacy is still more sharply drawn. Not so long ago the call of an Ambassador upon the Secretary of State was something of & ceremony. It involved a high hat, a long-tailed coat, striped trousers and usually spats. There was much scurry- ing of underlings, bowing and scraping, opening and closiny announcements titles. After the elaborate ceremonial had been com- pleted the Ambassador’'s first thought was to get back to his embassy and indite a note to the Secretary, confirm- ing—or perhaps altering as impercepti- bly as possible—what had been said. All this must be duly reported in more notes to the foreign minister at home. Such formality is now reserved for the few occasions on which it is deemed necessary to impress the public. It is as out of place in the daily round of diplomacy as it would be in New York or London or Tokio. The Ambassador of today works at his desk as does the planted the long tails except for the most formal occasions. Ring on Telephone Spffices. If the Secretary of State wants to see an Ambassador, a ring on the telephone suffices. A few minutes later the Am- bassador is on his way to the State De- partment. There is no time nor thought for striped trousers and tails. He goes as he happens to be, and when he ar- rives he is shown into the Secretary's office as promptly and informally as he would be into that of a business execu- tive. PFrankness and directness charac- terize the conversation, and rarely does the Ambassador indite a note on his return. It is a far cry from this to the days when an Ambassador was summoned by formal invitation. Then he went clothed in all his ambassadorial dignity, was into a reception room and there shown - |awaited the entrance of the minister, who would not receive him in his office because the ever-watchful Ambassador might get his eyes upon some secret document. Not the least of the dif- forences between those days and the present is the decline of suspicion. Must Cultivate Press. Nor is the deformalizing of diplomatic activities limited to official contacts. An Ambassador of Minister is still accred- ited to a government, but his ability to get along with mn government's people Tetired | fical been | contacts far wider than those of the corps today bears blance to that of former times. But ‘such Tesemblance as there may be is en- tirely superficial. This is lgpamt as soon as we include the rest of the corps in the picture. Von Prittwitz, New Type. Ambassador von Prittwitz is a totally dlflmm type from Count von Bern- storff. ‘There is nothing of the aristo- crat, the soldier or the high politician about the present envoy from Germany. ‘Trained in the law, he was hardly ad- mitted to the bar before he transferred his allegiance to diplomacy. His legal attainments were supplemented by long and arduous preparation in economics. Years in the consular service—a service looked upon with scorn by the tradi- tional diplomat—have given Von Pritt- | witz & grasp of economic and financial | problems which enables him to feel more at ease among industrialists and | bankers than in the panoply of ’Mmll diplomacy. The German Ambassador is perhaps the most striking example ul the new type of diplomat in Wash- lngnn e is closely rivaled, however, by Ambassador Debuchi of Japan. Debuchi wae student in a college of commeree. uf to Russia as secretary to & mission won him over to &tomu:y Prom the very beginning | he thought of diplomacy in terms of economics. to ambassadorial formalities when the occasion requires, there is about as| little of the formal diplomat in him as there 18 in the average industrial flccuuve ‘The M bassador mxr?e. r. equally a product of the new school. An engineer by profession, drawn up to and following his country’s re- establishment as an independent state. He thinks in terms of economics, and where politics intrudes he instinctively | translai from economic ideas. Deal With Economic Affairs. ‘Turkey and the Latin American countries represented by Ambassadors at Washington on occasion have sent envoys who would fit into the anti- quated scheme of diplomatics. But for the most part their representatives, t0o, | are men who comprehend and deal |by publicity—as distinguished ining Am Pilipowicz of Poland, is nto the political turmoil leading | the political problems into dinner table. Horrendous as it would seem to an Ambassador of former times, he must cultivate amicable relations with the press. ‘The press is not only the voice of democracy; it is the eyes and ears as well. nabashed demos wishes to know what manner of men these are who come to us from abroad. Nor is it content to judge them from their ofi- cial acts alone. Through its press it would question them as freely and per- sistently as if there had never been a rule that a question must never be directed to a sovereign. ‘The diplomat of today is under the | same compulsion to keep on good terms with the press as is the great industrial- ist or magnate of finance. Nay, he is press as well as the cordial sympathy with his and his coun. try’s aims if he possibly can. Interna. tional relations have become relations between peoples as well as governments, and the diplomat is caught in the tide. Called Upon for Speeches. | as the government to which he is ac- | credited is not confined to his relations | with the press. He is even called upon to make speeches at public gatherings. | ‘The mere thought of such a thing would have sent the diplomats of yore into cold shivers. While he pays due respect | disfavor all around. No small part of the time of the mod- (tion of fust such addresses. Is there a | the old Spanish customs? | Spanish Ambassador to make the prin- cipal speech. Is a monument to be dedicated in Milwaukee? Invite the Joseph Choate is credited with this innovation of ambassadorial speech- | making. When he was our envoy in | London during the early years of this century he was invited to make a speech at some gathering. He was an excellent orator and invitations came | in rapid succession. His dignified col- |leagues frowned upon the practice and were inclined to ascribe it to his Ameri- can barbarism. But those still in the game are all doing it now. “Selling” Himself and Country. Those who realize the part played from he was | German Ambassador. with economic affairs and financial | advertising—in our industrial, commer- matters with the ease that comes only with long familiarity. ‘The same is true of the Ministers who Wnt their countries in Wash- ‘The newer and smaller states of o( the new diplomacy. The diplomat “ne tradition cumbersome ;r.memu diplomacy to reckon with. ‘hey have chosen their envoys because Of their ability to deal with the kind cial and banking world will readily of doors and formal | th, executive. A sack suit has sup- | ‘The call upon the modern diplomat to | keep in touch with the people as well | cient to supply us with energy for cen- THE SUNDAY Gnve Turkish Insult “Face Like Church” is the gravest insult that one woman can hand to another in Turkey and it can be the cause of violent quarrels, blows and even of murder. In an old wooden house situated in the poorer districts of Istanbul lived two women. Alshe Hanoum occupied the top floor and Fatma Hanoum the one below. ‘Toward the end of n, the sacred month of fasting, Aishe Hanoum decided to do a little cleaning of her own. She swept and scrubbed the wooden boards to her heart's content ing ready for the great festival of Bairam. In the midst of her cleaning the door was flung open and her neigh- Fatma Hanoum, entered like a l‘ull of the bitter north wind. Her rooms were flopded with dirty water, and even her sacred prayer rug was polluted. She could not stand in Ramazan, a month given to prayer, fasting and cleanliness. Aishe Hanoum explained, mildly at first, that she was cleaning, but her neighbor shrugged her shoulders at this explanation. The two women began to quarrel violently and finally Fatma Ha- noum called her neighbor “You old hog with a face like a church.” Aishe Hanoum, furious, lifted a stool and rushed on her opponent. The blows rained hard. Patma Hanoum dropped on the floor, covered with blood. The police_rushed to the scene of action, took Fatma Hanoum to the hospital and the tigress with the stool to a dark cell in th Istanbul jail. Letter by Columbus Reveals His Nativity ROME.—Italians would like to know why there should be any doubt as to the nationality of Columbus today, when for more than five centuries he was gen- erally accepted as a native son of Genoa. A long time ago the government ap- pointed & commission for the publica- tion of the facsimiles of the documents preserved in Italian and foreign archives ‘which tended to prove the' Genoese na- tionality of Christopher Columbus. After extensive travel in Prance and Spain, members of the commission have just finished collecting their material, which will soon be pul llustrated u:d translated into various languages an then sent to chief centers of culture throughout the world. During their investigations in Spain the students found an autegraphed let- ter of Columbus which originally be- longed to the archives of the Duke of Ve , and is now in the archives of idies at Seville. The letter was written to Columbus’ son Diego a few days before another more important let- ter, now in the possession of the com- mune of Genoa, was sent by the dis- coverer to the Genoese Ambassador, Oderigo, on December 27, 1504. Careful comparison between the two letters dispels any doubt as to the authenticity of the Genoese letter, which constitutes the best proof of the Italian nationality of Columbus. Italian his- torians believe that further evidence ob- tained by the commission will end once and for all the question of Columbus’ nationality. Energy From Sun By Electricity Seen (Continued From First Page.) ance in & circuit already in existence and supplied with voltage from any suitable source. The first report of any method of obtaining photo-electric energy directly from light was that by Dr. Paul H. Geiger and the author at the Toronto meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science held in December, 1921. It was shown that mny nasural crystals, especially argentite, produced a current when {lluminated. The crystal, c! ed at both ends, was connected £ rectly to a current-indicating instru- ment, {lluminated, and a current shown to_exist. ‘The crude method was later improved upon by Dr. Geiger and Dr. L. O. Gron- dahl, who invented the so-called copper- ou:mo cell. Siemans laboratories. The new cell, which Dr. Lange has announced, is a silver-selenide cell. This material Ll coated with a layer of ulenlum of mole- cular dimensions. Light passing throug! this current sets up currents beween the silver-selenide and the selenium coating. It is said that this new cell will produce 50 to 150 times as much current as the copper-oxide cell. This should bring the method within eco- nomic limits. But, assuming that the cost of build- ing the necessary cell surface is not excessive, there are still two more prob- lems to be confronted. One of these is space. It is estimated that to gen- erate 300,000 kilowatts of energy a square mile of surface would be need- ed. This offers a tremendous obstacle at any place where the power would be likely to be needed. The other ob- stacle is that of power storage to take care of the load during darkness or to pick up the load during the passing of a cloud. This problem would not only be one difficult to solve, but the neces- sary equipment would occupy a great deal of space and be costly both to provide and to maintain as well. Our under the same compulsion to Win the | Present methods of storing electrical vernment to | eRergy are very unsatisfactory. Per- h:glcthh will provide the next point of al The fact remains. however, that we have made remarkable progress in the solution of a problem which will not face us for many vears, or even cen- turies, to come. When ofl has failed us we still have coal resources suffi- turies. We already know how to pro- duce gasoline for our motors from coal. Our water power, already in use, will | Learned still be available. Wind mills are still subject to further development. Claude has shown us how to Any statement except to | get power from the tropical ocean by the government was looked upon with | | between the surface and a depth. H. utilizing the difference in temperature Barjot had devised a method for ob- ern diplomat is devoted to the prepara- | taining power in the Arctic by har- | nessing the temperature difference be- | celebration in California which recalls | tween the surface and the water under Invite the | the ice. Our improved agricultural methods The "arowih 01" Quiclgrowiag plants 870 of qui plan from which we can obtain alcohol for motor fuel or which we can burn di- rectly underneath our furnaces. And now we are well on our way toward solving the problem of obtaining power directly from sunlight. Posterity will have little to complain of if, instead of ofl wells, we leave them somelhln: in- flnlklv h:tler ried on by old-style diplomats. It is essentially business representation car- ried on by business representatives. Economics pushed politics into the background, and numerals mmh-led under the sign of the dollar, the sterling or the gold franc weigl hr more heavily in its deliberations than recognize the press relations and the speech-making of the diplomatic rep- resentatives as merely another festation of the businesslike chn-u:ur “selling” himself and his country Just as the business man “sells” him- self and his business through the mani- ©f problems which are paramount in |fold channel of directed publicity. international affairs today. Those prob- or they are overwhelmingly eco- lems are pot primarily = political ogal; momic in content Still more striking Is the divergence ©of the younger men in the Washington diplomatic world from the traditional plomat. The men who stand ‘While many of the old forms and a measure of the old formality still per- sist, it is quite apparent that a new diplomacy has arrived. It is hardly a tion of the war-time ideal of old- diplomats carrying on old-style diplomacy under the unimpeded gaze of a critical world. There has been lit- tle diminution in the confidential char- acter of specific transactions. In that &lnu i ml; no morna;‘ . than was lomacy. 1o longer diplomacy and it is not car- troops marshaled under the most bril- liant nmnh Our own representation abroad has felt t.he pressure of the same forces which are altering the character of the diplomatic corps in Washington. We have merged our consular and diplomatic officers into a single For- eign Service. Their training includes more of economics and finance than some of our Bayards or Lowells or Pages ever dreamed of. If men of wide business experience have superseded literary lights in our foreign embassies, it is not solely because Wilson was a literary man and Hoover is an engineer. It is, npunnlun use our en- ;?!’1‘ .l bl l.n At it arent, prol mu a very differen Ambassadors still . | present. Lange to drive a small motor in the |8 80i STAR, WASHINGTON, DO HOW TO WRITE BY BRUCE BARTON. R me about a cub re- porter who sat down at the typewriter to produce his first story. The news event. which he had been assigned to cover was trivial; the story would not occupy more than a cou- gle ¢? inches in the paper, yet he poor youngster made one false start after another. Finally, when the floor around him was covered with discarded sheets, and he was nlflng hopeleuli' into his un- nsive machine, the griz- city editor sauntered over lnd laid a soothing hand on his_shoulder. “Just one little word after another, sonny,” he sald. “Just one little word after another.” John Bunyan wrote a book called “Pilgrim’s Progress,” which has been reprinted a thousand times and is still a best seller. In explaining his method of writing he said: “I could also have stepped into a Stile much higher than this, in which I have here dis- coursed, and have adorned all things more than I have seemed to do; but I dare not. God did not play in umpfln; of me; neither did I ‘when sunk as into a bot! m- less Pit, when the Pangs of Hell caught hold upon me; wherefore I may not play in relating of them, but be plain and slmple and lny down the thing as it was.” It is interesting to contrast this simple, straightforward statemen with a quotation from Dr. Samuel Johnson. That vigorous old autocrat talked in a manner so direct and forceful that the reports of his conversations, pre- served by the faithful Boswell, make him still a very live and fascinating person. But no- body now reads his books, and this is the reason: “He seemed to take pleasure in speaking in hlu own style,” Boswell says, “for when he had_carelessly missed it, he would repeat the thought translated into it. Talking of the comedy of ‘The Rehearsal,’ he said, ‘It has not wit enough to keep it aweet' ‘This was eas) therefore, caught hlmself lnd pronounced a more round sentence, ‘It has not vitality enough to preserve it from putrefaction.’” I get a good many letters in the course of a year from young people who want to en- ter journalism or advertising. Sometimes they compliment me by saying that I use sim- ple, short words, and they do not know that the reason I use short words is because I do not know any long ones. Often they ask how best t.he can train themselves to My reg_’)lr is, first, make sn outline. ink the whole thing through. now how your i)lece is to develop and where t h coming out before you ond ask yourself, What is the simplest, most sincere way in which I can tell what I have in mind? How should I tell it if I were talking to a friend instead of writing it? This was Bunyan's method. Many have "sterped into a much higher Stil but very few have lived so long or been read by so many people. (Copyrignt, 1931.) Parent-Teacher Activities All material for this column must be in the State office, room 101, Burlington Hotel, on the first mail Tuesdsy preceding Sunday on which publication is desired. The annusl State meeting of the | District of Columbia Congress of Par- | ents and Teachers will convene April 21 at 10 o'clock in Wilson Teachers' College, Mrs. Joseph N. Saunders pre- siding. The annual get-together dinner was given by the George Washington Uni- versity class in_parent-teacher train- ing Tuesday at Picardi’s. harge ngements, and her com- mittee included Mrs. 8. 8. Kirby, Bertha Eldred and Mrs. Miner Buell. Several original songs composed by members of the class were mn{’ The faculty of George Washi niver- sity was represented by an W. C. Ruediger and '.hg School Board by Mrs. Henry Grattan Doyle. A large number of w-ch.en were also A surprise was the sing composed h{ Mrs. Bertha El and dedicated ts composer to Mrs. Joseph N. saun&/n president of the District of Columbia Congres, who spoke briefly, as did Mrs. G. S. Rafter, president. 'l"ha local Summer round-up chair- men met with Mrs. Thomas L. Elkins, State chairman, Wednesday afternoon in the Burlington Hotel and received final instructions for Lh!lr work. ‘The April meeting of the Board of Managers was held Tuesday afternoon, when final arrangements for the State convention were made. The resignation of Mrs. Pranklin Jones as chairman of | yry. vacation activities was accepted with regret. Mrs. J. C. Payne and Mrs. E. R. Kalmbach, members of McKinley High Association, were formally elected delegates to the national convention. Mrs. Holtzman presented to the congress a framed photognph of Mrs. Theodora A. Birney, founder and first president of the National Congress of Mothers. A committee, with authority to act in 5 an essay contest among school children, was appointed consist- ing of Mrs. Finis D. Morris, Mrs. Joseph Sanders and Mrs. Edward R. Seal. The subject of the contest is “Beautifying ‘Washington in 1931-32." ’ ‘The local Parent-Teacher Associa- tions are invited to attend a memorial service for the late Dr. Charles P. C: Tusi, president of the Board of Edu tion, which will be held in the aud! torium of Central High School May 15 at 8:30 pm. The principal address will be made by Justice Siddons of the District Supreme Court, and Dr. H. B. will preside. Authority was given Miss Catherine ‘Watkins, chairman of kindergarten ex- tension and supervisor of der tens in the public schools, to incluc the District Congress of Parents lnd Teachers in extending an invitation to the Association for Childhood Educa- | tion to hold its 1032 convention in| ‘Washington. Powell Elementary. After & board meeting, routine business was the reg- ular April meeting of the Powell Ele- mentary School Association was held in the school auditorium Monday after- noon. A card party, to be given in May, was discussed and some prepara- tion 'was made for the May meeting, at which time the first birthday anniver- sary of the Powell Elementary Associa- tion vllll be celebrated. Mrs, Arner, library chairman, :nxwunud e completion of the book shelves in the upper hall, which is to serve as school library, and asked all parents to contribuieé books or money to fill the shelves with suitable books for the school children. Mrs. W. S. dBu'lun chalrman do( Lh: ud‘;wmm uay group, abnomosd e & grouj Monday Aprfl ternoon, 30 at 1: 30 odnck uud:umn at which Mrs. W. P. Roop, study groups, will be rech.l attention was given by Mrs. William Ilich, president of uu Powell Elementary Association, to the an- nouncement of the State convention dinner, to be held at the Press Club on Tuesday evening, April 21, at 6 p.m. She urged as many as possible of the members of Powell to go and empha- sized that tickets for the dinner may be procured from her as hu as next Monday noon. Mrs. J. N. Saunders, State president, d.uc\u-ed “The Chil< dren’s Charter.” ‘The entertainment was given by the rert chlmrm o! the urcr mu:;fll t con- represent the sisted —butlnm'euunfi i King, y-no(m gl.‘l&o ;acum lnd dlncln&. Mrs. Dorothy | (nde and a Japanese play by the third Thl school picture for the largest at- tendance was won by the gra Refreshments were served. John Eatom. The John Eaton Association met April 13 and elected officers, as follows: President, Mrs. G. E. White; first vice president, Mrs. R. W. Pinger; second vice president, Miss Constance Lueb- kert, principal of John Eaton; record. ing , Mrs. Reginald Ruther- ford; corresponding secretary, Mrs. James Robertson; treasurer, Burton Judj ryn Sellers spoke on "lbylrcifi'nshtpf' Amwunemnt was made of m ex- hibition of rhythmic dancing be ven by the classes of l(hl Pl‘ncel well on May 2 at 8 On May 4 a benefit car n-rty will be held in the school auditorium. Ar- rangements are in charge of Mrs. J. B. Mann, 3309 Highland place. Bunker Hill. Bunker Hill Association will meet Tuesday at 2:30 p.m. The Nominating Committee will make its report and omceu for the next year will be elect- Plans for the Summer round-up will be discussed and other matters of importance will be brought before the members, Tea will be served at the close of the meeting. Wesley Heights. ‘The executive board of the Wesley Heights Association met at the home of the president, Mrs. Max J. Proffitt, on Klingle street, Tuesday at 10 o'clock. The Nominating Committee, to select clndidl'u for oflce for the com| year, was appointed, as follows: . Walter Davidson, chairman; Mrs. John Henry Yates and Miss M. E. Rose. Central High School. ‘The association sponsored the annual interclass meet Wednesday in the Cen- tral Stadium. The ug:hr meeting of me association will tomorrow at F lnuls Levinson will render vlo n solos, accompanied by Elwood Backenstoss. A demonstration of the work at Central of the modern lan- %dmnment will follow. Mme. Romero will talk on Spanish and then present some of her pupils. Mrs. Gardiner will talk on French and present her pupils and pupils of Miss Martha Wimer in a demonstration. Miss Emilie Margaret White will talk on German, followed by a play pre- sented by her pupils. Jefferson Junior High. ‘The Executive Committee of the Jefferson Junior High School Associa- tion met at the school. The committee for nominating new officers for the year was appointed, as follows: Mrs. lln- ‘Welty, chairman Mrs. V. ‘Thompson, . R. W. Strawl hrluce Mrs. C. Jones and Miss Nettie Schwing- hammer. ‘The next meeting of the association will be tomorrow at 7:30 p.m. in the Jefferson auditorium. A play, called “The Circus,” will be presented by a group of the 8A boys, under the su- pervision of Miss Wilson of the Washington Dairy Council. Langley Junior High. ‘The Langley Association will meet April 21. The teachers will be in their section rooms for nonlmnu with the parents !rom 7:30 to 8 p. mmleu.uwflluuflulormoln school assembly in the auditorium and the subject of the meeting, “Extra Cur- ricular Activities & Means of Character Development,” will be discussed by the principal, Chester W, Holmes. Demon- strations by the dramatic club, glee clubs, orchestra, band, jazz band, gym work and other extra curricular activi- ties will be used to illustrate the points of his talk. Thomson. ‘The Thomson Association met April 14. Dr. Joseph Murphy was _the speaker of the evening. Miss Sue Hess & solo. There were tap and wlonhl dancing by some of the mem- bers of Mrs. Berry's dancing class. The president, Mrs. Thomas Gmith ap- pointed a mnmmmmnm, con- nm ot hku Mrs. Mason Mlll Burk’s sixth won the prize for attendance o Flnm.s The next meeting will be held May 12 at 7:30 pam. Truesdell. A monthly meeting of the executive board of Truesdell Association will be held in the school tomorrow at 1.30 p.m. Peabody-Hilton-Carbery. ‘The Executive Committee met Mon- Eéé:u %hnlmrynnmm- mtnnnpcnflu%!mfly mmd ‘ service APRIL - 19, 1931—PART TWO. !Finland’s Prohibition Brings Lawlessness ‘OSLO.—Two Pinns, Edward Bjoerken- helm and Cenalainen, chairman and secretary, respectively, of an official committee appointed by the Finnish government to investigate into the pro- hibition situation in Finland and to study conditions in other countries, after visiting the other Scandinavian countries have come to Norway. becmue this country presents a particular] teresting fleld for studies of this Rlvin&n tried prohibition and ;bo]bhod agt Mr, Bjoefkenheh'n says that for 53 years he has taken part in the work of teetotalism, and unm prohibition was ac- tually put in force he was one of the cnu( advocates of this drastic measure. But, he adds, “I see now that it is im- possible to enforce a law o( this sort. “Prohibition in Finland has been a disap) tment to all who believed l.n it. wlessness has increased alarm- ingly, smuggling and illegal sale has taken on enormous proportions. Last year the authorities seized more than 1,000,000 liters of megu .pmu and the government then a & commit- tee to prepare an unuon in the law. “There is no doubt that we shall sug- gest radical changes in the present sys- tem, and it will then be for the gov- ernment, to put the matter before Par- liament, which, of course, has the final decision. Two great parties, the Farm- ers’ party and the Social Democrats, are still in favor of prohibition, so it not Dot eaay to forecast wh-t will happe: of the National Red Cross, will give a lecture on nutrition. The lecture will be followed by a short business meeting. Adams. The jolnt dinner of the George Washington University Class and the BT ents and Teachers, held April 14 at Pi- cardi’s restaurant, under the direction of Mrs. Dorothy Rus, president of the John Quincy Adams Association, was an enjoyable occasion. Jackson. Mrs. Giles Scott Rafter will speak at the meeting of the Jackson Association tomorrow at 3 p.m. on “The Children’s Charter.” Election of officers will take place. Grant. ‘The Grant Association met April 8 at the school. Mrs. Meyers of the faculty served as hostess, and refreshments were furnished by mothers of children in her class. ‘The general subject of the meeting was “Better Citizens Through Better Health.” A moving picture, “Bending the Twig,” was shown by Mr. Posson of the Washington Dairy Council. Miss Irving of the W. C. T. U. headquarters spoke on temperance in general. Mrs. (.:];l:s Scott Rafter gave a short talk Prizes were awarded to the several grades having attained 100 per cent curing the recent membership drive. The parent-attendance prize was won by Mrs. Donohue’s room, this being the second time they have received the award and the only class to have won it more than once. The association voted to. buy the Booklovers’ Library of six volumes for the use of the lower grades. Books had previously been given to the upper Miss Crowley’s pupils gave a very pleasing piano recital at the April meeting. Pupils from Miss Hunter's dancing class will take part in the com- de. | munity dancing at Wilson Teachers’ College April 18, being featured in the Rose Dance. These same children will take part in the “Dance of the Wooden Soldiers,” to be given at the Oyster School the night of April 25. Keene. ‘The Keene Association met in the school Tuesday evening. Miss Janet McWilliam, supervising principal of the third division, gave a brief talk, also Miss Gore, principal of the Adams School, both guests of the evening. Five dollars was appropriated to be sent to the Central Milk Fund. It was voted to send the president to the fel- lowship dinner, April 21. The ll'&nd- ance nner was_won by grade, Miss H. E. King teac] ‘The Boy Scouts Troop, No. 74, gave several clever illustrations of their work, including firemaking, tying krots and making a rope ladder, all perfectly done in a few minutes, under the direction of smunnur Bacon. This being “Teachers and Children’s night,” the meeting was then turned over by the president to Miss King, principal. W. James Stevens gave & reading and a trio composed of Mrs. G. 8. Stevens, piano; Betty Jane Stev- ens, ‘cello, and Ralph Stevens, violin, gave a selection. Mrs. Groves, fourth grade teacher, rendered a solo, accom- panied by Mrs. Stevens. The balance of the entertainment was furnished by the children from all grades and con- sisted of readings, recitations and songs. Three of the readings were poems com- posed by puplls of the school. Bancroft. The Bancroft Association met April 14 at 8 pm. It was a meeting with fathers as special ests. Recom- mendations the ecutive Board were accepted. An appropriation of $10 was made to the general milk fund of the central organization. The report of the Nominating Committee was heard. Dr. Frank W, Ballou, superintendent of public schools of the District of Co- lumbia, gave an explanation of the problems of arranging the yearly budgets. Judge Kathryn Sellers of the Juvenile Court spoke on “The Meaning of the Juvenile Court.” Music for the evening was arranged by the chairman of the Music Commit- tee, Mrs. John Klein. Miss Parks and Mr Klein sang. They both were ac- panied by Mrs. Klein. A reception folluwed -nd refreshments were served. Mrs, M. )chelny was chairman of the mAummeell il be ::rd April 21 at w! :30 p.m. rgr Coursen B. Conklin will talk on “Advantage of Physical Exami- nations,” Dr. J. Duersen Stout on “The Mental Health of the Child,” Dr. Paul J. Ewerhardt on “What the Child Guidance Clinic Does for Problem Chil- dren” and Miss Grace Lind, Dfl.nd[r.l on “Requirements for D‘lkfln‘ Kinder- garten.” A trained kin dernmner vm keep the children during the let Garrison. A meeting will be held at the Garri- son Schm; April fin“ 8 ocloct 'lor ‘!129 of organizing a parent-teacher :murwlfi-lon Garnet. er;rlnmn first assistant superintendent of schools, di- vision 10 to 13, will speak on “Purpose of & Parent-Teacher Organization.” T. J. Houston will preside. Gage. Mrs. T. E. Elkins, Summer round-up chairman of the District of Columbia Congress of Parents and Teachers, was guest speaker at the meeting April 14. P-renu entering chlldnn next Septem- ber were ested to register names with Mrs. Silverberg. The Nominating Committee, Mrs. Marschalk, chairman; Mr- Gummel and Mrs. Wolford, was ted to present names to be ‘voted upon at the May meeting. Edmonds-Maury. Mrs, Mildred Denton Kirby, health chairman, and her committee are very AIRPLANES’ SPEED LIMITED BY HUMAN ENDURANCE Man Must Train His Body and Senses to Withstand Strain, Says Noted Army (Continued From Third Page) ‘The speed limits of the airplane rest | only on the ability of the pilot and the worth of his e and motor. opinion is that thé pilot is the chief one to be considered in the race for faster air travel. Engineers today can transfer from paper to reality ’“:; planes than we are as yet able to_fly. When man is able to train his body to stand the strain, and his senses not to give way under the terrific pressure of tremendous speeds and great heights, he will find waiting for him, I am sure, the plane that will make it pos- sible to eat up distance at a pace be- side which the present 350 miles an hour will be but éhild’s play. Learn More of Fuels, As the airplane industry grows older we are constantly finding out more and more_about fuels. It is amazing, the light of recent discoveries, how little we really knew at first about this most important part of flying. Our main struggle now is to get an ideal fuel—one that will weigh lul and furnish more power—and to find a means of lubricating the motor efficiently under all weather conditions. As for the motors that are being made today—they are marvels of en- gineering construction. They stand up under hours of flying at terrific speeds. ‘The motor of the future plane will un- doubtedly better, however, along with the rest of the machine. There are many obstacles to be over- come before ‘we can fly efficiently and safely at high altitudes. And until we surmount these difficulties, extremely fast flying will remain only a dream. ‘The handicap of very rare air is the most important. Propeller trouble is common at high altitudes. The ordi- propeller, most efficient at sea leve{. at a high altitude slips through the air ‘lth very little effect. eat stride toward remedying this tion has been made b uon of the variable pitch propeller, possible for the pilot to control the Pilot. E thrust of the propeller when | The natural téndency of the to fly faster in rarified afr, st e, propeller nn pllot.. this natural fact n the propeller can be made same amount of work at thousands of feet in the air as i at three or four thousand, the of fast flying will be greatly advanced. Super-Charger Power A Already a device called the super- charger has done away with loss of | power caused by high altitudes. This super-charger inhales the air, huli n, compresses it and forces it into the | carburetor at sea level pressure. It u operated by an instrument the standard altimeter, and una-r l.he control of the pilot. An ordinary motor flown at an extremely altitude sits b high drops almost all of its pflm but by o -charger, the pilot means of the super: is able to preserve practically all of it. orsepower m:;bnm one- fourth of its capacity unless equipped with a super-charger. No matter to what degree of efficiency the plane itself is developed, unless we find some way of success- fully combating the lack of oxygen and the low temperature of the upper regions we cannot fly there. The ordinary person cannot—and will not—travel by air unless it is comfortable for him. It is ness as pilots and explorers to undergo h.lt flying is f le. B offer comfort and safety world will fly with us. use the inven- | pls which, when perfected, will make it |sure—all future of aviation. Revived to Control PARIS.—A _group numbenn. 155 members of the Chamber of Deputies has been formed for the purpose of giv- ing Prance the longest ship canal in the world. It would connect the Mediter- ranean with the Atlantic and make of the territory south of the Garonne a hnd of mt plenty. years dust has been accumu- uuu Mfeunhole on the plans Lhe te Louls Verstraet, a nnted enxlnzer. for the Canal des Deux- Mers (Canal of the Two Seas). The group of utles proposes to remove the dust and to do all in its power to execute the scheme. Verstraet conceived a canal of 270 miles (the Suez Canal is about 100 miles long), with terminals at Bordeaux on the Atlantic and at Narbonne on the Mediterranean. It would follow the course of the Garonne eastward as far as Toulouse and then the course of the Aude to the sea. The original plan called for 13 locks. So much L i e o in half a century that Verstraet's plans could be much simplified today. Oe'r- tainly the construction of the canal presents no technical difficulties now. ‘Would Save 1,000 Miles. ‘The Canal of the Two Seas would save more than 1,000 miles of travel to to the Atlantic, and vice versa. Fifty years ago the cost was estimated at $150,000,000, to which there was to be added a sum of $40000,000 for special Bordeaux-to-Toulouse Ship ships passing from the Mediterranean | ii Canal Plan Floods of Garonne because of the rise in greater value of Dn the con would greater. benefits proved greater than those of the main scheme. | used MOSCOW, U. 8. 8. R—The United sunu “‘once & powerful nation,” is on the edge of I.he’rgl:clplcl waiting for the last shove. t our fair country is about to disappear into oblivion may surprise those at home, where radio seh jazz through the nl.hz and auto- 'S _must be dodaed y day, but aver here all is known. Unlln things which Representative Hamilton H.shl committee said about the Soviet Union and order of Secretary of the Treasury Mellon barring Soviet tim- ber have brought the downfall, at least, the discovery, that it is imminent. Every speech, newspaper article or radio ulk these days tells about un- employment, starvation and slavery in the United States, its disappearance as a world power and the impending in- vasion of the Soviet Union ‘by the armed hosts of Europe. On the other hand, each speech must also have & sentence that there is no unemploy- ment in the Soviet Union. “But you have at least 2,000,000 pariahs who are not permitted to work g;lfle‘ ration cards,” I said to an of- “‘Oh, but they are disfranchised and not counted,” he explained, which is a most convenient way to dispose of unemployment. “Also they may be arrested as so- cial enemies and sent away to work,” he added, which is another solution. It is something like the weather. The gladsome Summer time was here when thermometers were down to 22 below zero in the capital and 74 below in some of the wide open spaces. Clocks continued on Summer time. “A decree was passed that Summer time was to continue until March 1,” is the explanation, and icy blasts were tempered by the satisfaction of know- ing officially that it was Summer. ‘The United States is also to be set right and the Soviet government, which writes history as well as de- crees, will save the rising generation from any illusions. “From our literature children still come to admire America as T~ ous,” says an announcement of Gosiz- dat, the government publishing house. “We want our writers to dethrone America and show jt as it is today, a rotten and declining power. This no- ble task can be done only by our best writers.” Such corrective literature as has reached the light of publication so far is chiefly letters from alleged foreign or American experts to the newspapers | asserting that there is no compulsory | labor in the Soviet Union while slav- ery exists in the United States. Some of these experts are bonafide. Ameri- busy making plans for the yearly Sum- mer round-up. A clinic has been ar- ranged . to be hald at the Edmonds School, Ninth and D streets northeast, May l Children to enter school in September may be taken to this clinic for uminldon as to their physical condition, Francis Scott Key. ‘The Summer round-up will be con- ducted in ntlon 'l'h the New Idea Society the Pof c Heights Community Church, whk:h already has a clinic in operation in the church each can citizens, others are reportees who cherish a virulent hate of the United States. Most of them are Germans. Germany econducts a clnrly dual pro- pagan frank than that of the Soviet. gvvemmem and the Third In- ternationale. Inside the Soviet Union the German policy proclaims everything is all right to 1nmu.u {tself with the powers and pwple. while outside it sa) everything is wrong to discnurnge ers from l:nmm‘ n and to '.he field clear for German i.ndua ts and German experts. Tuesday from 9:30 to 11 o'clock. The association’s Summer Round-up Com- mittee is made up of persons who are also members of the New Idea Soclety. Richard , chairman; M. 3 Maurice, Mrs. Hans Sorenson and Mrs. Clyde Eva O, Steimer. the meeting Tuesday night the Soviet Fighting United States With Deceptive Pro Affording & who crave to vent a peeve the United States 0 [ icans and Britishers here ble everythnig is at Nflll. two language new: have d!l‘d local vehicle for fluous on & government Both news into thousands even for m by starving mothzn—u Lbey any encor ing fleld here. chology. ‘The “spontaneous” diaf against the United States for these and Russian newspapers are systematically A m-n came to our office today E!r written in somewhat crip- nlndm:lh t0 be s our Amer- Soviet Union, while slave: the United States, citing not the actual hours of work. m 3.3 resented a MOscOw newspaper intended to print it. “‘As a concern holding & contract | with' the soviev govenmens, we'd like | your opinion,’ he emu “‘Then send it to our du'.etal m New York,” I suggested. politics, merely technical men, All are not as '-.ry Anm Ameri- lc‘;n his experience at & meet- g. “I was sald. “Tt every sentence and I said nothing about the lu‘::.ct. lnd paper. it md the next morning it lppelred in Moscow news- papers as the opinion of ‘f x- perts’ working in the Soviet U: (Copyright, 1031 American Named Dean Of School in Hawaii HONOLULU.—The University of Ha- t, l‘.lln the speaker, = '“quw: entertained With several Prazier’ , and awxummm 4