Evening Star Newspaper, April 19, 1931, Page 27

EDITORIAL SECTION o he Sunday Star. Part 2—8 Pages WASHINGTON, D. ., SUNDAY MORNING, APRIL 19, 19: ) i 1 RANK OF STATESMANSHIP GIVEN RASKOB PROGRAM Expert Politician Asserts Plan Most In- telligent and Far eeing Activity Now Carried on in Either Major Party. BY MARK SULLIVAN. HE net of two weeks of comment on the recent outgiving from Chairman John J. Raskob of the Democratic National Com- mittee, is to use a business bal- ance sheet phrase which Mr. Raskob would understand, “in the red ink.” In a genial spirit, Mr. Frank Kent of the Democratic Baltimore Sun summa- rizes the judgment of Democratic lead- ers about Mr. Raskob as being that Mr. Raskob is “too unanimous,” which is A Maryland phrase for persons who are a little overwilling to “take too much |a perfectly logical phenomenon of the | times and he is a very able man. | "'A" man doesn't start as & bookkeeper | and get to where Mr. Raskab is without having a good deal to him. When he turns his talents to politics, the fact | that he departs from accepted political | methods is merely a further sign of his | ability. The public is going to like it. | What ‘most of the politicians blame | Raskob for is too much candor. They | think e ought to ‘ssh’ about prohibi- tion. Raskob alrcady has the ear of the | public. When he writes a_4,000-word statement all the big newspapers print | it in full and every newspaper without on themselves.” The adverse comment | oxception treats it as major news. No goes so far as the terse judgment of |man gets a leverage like that without | Josephus Daniels of the Raleigh, N. C. | having some quality, and when a man | News and Observer, who was Secre- | has a leverage like that he will go a tary of the Navy for cight years under | lone way. Raskob is not to be jeered | Woodrow Wilton, Mr. Daniels’ compact |at, “He 15 to be taken very seriously, | comment_closes Wwith an_imperative in- 1y by ublican party. | Vitation to Chairman Raskob to “get | “*PeClally Py the Republican p | out.” Another member of Woodrow Jeered at Woodrow Wilson. | Wilson's cabinet (and son-in-law to | “All the politicians in both parties Wilson), William G. McAdoo, declines | think of themselves as a fraternity, a | 10 attend a public dinner for Mr. Ras-| closed fraternity. When a business man kob's. assistant, Jouett Shouse, and says | tries to get in they regard him as an | that the Raskob program means “cer- impudent outsider trying to ‘crash the tain and disastrous defeat.”, | gate.” If the business man is content This sort of thing constitutbs the net | to stay outside and pass them some of the comment of newspapers and money through a crack in the fente. leaders on Mr. Raskob’s. way of func-|as a campaign contribution, they think tioning as chairman of a great polit- | that's all right—that’s a business man's jcal party. Most of it is, necessarily, | proper place in politics, But if. the offhand—the sort of comment that|pusiness man tries to take a direct comes immediately upon the heels of | hand in the political game in his own the event. Comment of that kind, com- | person the politicians howl to heaven ing at that time, usually springs from | Most of the newspaper men abet the persons directly concerned, persons | politicians—the newspaper men are too having strong feelings about’ the mat- | close to the fraternity of politicians for ters at issue. | the country's good. They both try to | i closed game, closed vy T P anyboay bt the . professionals. They act the same way toward any out- sider, business man or mnot. When Woodrow Wilson tried to butt in they jeered at him as a college professor. “The newspaper men and_politicians will do well to wake up to what Raskob means. They should waks up to the whole idea of what the business man in politics needs—such business men as President Hoover, Owen Young, Dwight Morrow and now Raskob— business men who conceive of business as a function of society, as the organi- zation and diffusion of material goods on the widest possible scale, at the lowest practicable cost, with the high- est practicable wages. Raskob is an able man and a gallant one. He's entitled to ‘a break,’ and the public will give it to him, regardless of the politicians and the newspapers. All Raskob needs is to make the public understand what hc's after. When the public ‘senses’ that, Raskob can't be jeered out of court by the professional politicians, the handshakers and baby- kissers breastbcaters and ward- | wallop7rs.’ | of whicl i, a thy lawyers say 1t i5 the view | of a man with ¢ ceptional under- | standing of and e:perience in national politics. Will Assemble Replies. It may bz as it may be. What we | know is that Mr. Raskob is going to | keep after his purpose. And as the ! philosopher quoted above observed, the newspapers print what Mr. Enskob‘ says. He is coming on the front page | again in Septmber, when he D")D‘\'»eli to assemble the replies and suggestions | sent to him by the members of the | Democratic National Committee in response to his public Jetter of two | weeks ago. He will have the front page again in December, when the Demo- cratic National Committee will mect to vote upon his proposals. He will have the headlines yet again when the Democratic National Convention meets in June. And quit: probably Mr. Raskob will have the front page on many occasions between these formal events. After Mr. Raskob's recent statement the newspapers queried the 104 man and woman members of the Democratic There is. of course, a different kind | § of judgment. The writer of this article has an acquaintance who, on the oc- | casion of Mr. Raskob's most recent statement, concluded that this Demo- cratic chairman and his performances are worthy of a careful look. He paid no more than casual attention to Mr. | Raskob's early activities, in the Demo- | cratic campaign of 1928 and later. More | recently he was impressed with the ap- | pearance of a concrete purpose in the | Democratic chairman's actions and his steady persistence in pursuit of that | purpose. He concluded to give a care- ful “once over” t6 what Mr. Raskob is | doing. The resulting observations lle’ given in quotation marks below. They | compose the serious judgment of one | of the wisest and most experienced poli- | ticians in the country. He is not a| Demoerat. He has focussed his very | able mind on Mr. Raskob and he de-| }l\'m‘s his reascned judgment as 101-; lows “Chairman Raskob’s program consti- tutee the most intelligent and far-see- ing activity now being carried on in either the Democratic or the Repub- Jican party. It is not only shrewd as Democratic politics. More broadly than | that, it is to be regarded as ving the rank of statesmanship. Mr. Rukob\ lays before the country a definite pro- | posal for a platform on every important issue before the conntry. On prohibi- | tion the program looks to home rule by States. On the teriff, the anti-trust law and other aspects of business, Mr. 's program is favorable to or- & business, but temperate and reasonable enough to disarm opposition except from extremists. | Sets Country Thinking. “Mr. Raskob lays down this program and invites all who 2gree with it to unite with him in making the D:mo- cratic party an effective mechanism for bringing this program zbout. The fact is that at least 10,000,000 to 15.- 000,000 voters in the North and East already agree with this program. More will get behind it in proportion as Mr. Raskob continues to keep ‘it before the country and continues to be as tolerant in spirit as he is 3 Raskob’s program may make Democratic. party the most form re: Not all were will- | Author \ s BY HENRY KITTREDGE NORTON, “The Backsround of Foreign Affairs.” “China and the Powers,” Etc. N his cwn sphere, “His Excellency the Ambassador” is traditionally hardly less a personage than “His Royal Majesty.” The accepted code of diplomacy still accords the am- bassadorial representative of ancther nation a large measure of the sanctity that hedges a king. He personifies a sovereign ruler, a guest in a foreign land. He is virtually exempt from the vs of the land in which he resides— piece of Parliament Building HELSINGFORS.—At a cost of slight- ly over $3,000,000, Finland has just completed the erection of a huge new Parliamest building, A monument to the !legislation as a prohibition law. He | has the right to address himself to the |'chief of the state instead of approach- |ing him through his ministers if he S0 desires. He takes precedence over all local dignitaries at public functions. | In short, his representative character | clothes him with a sort of semi-royal | status. The whole system, of course, was developed in a monarchical age. It assumed monarchs wearing jeweled crowns and seated on gilded thrones, somewhere in the background. Such were extremely jealous of their precious “sovereignty.” We read with a separate door for each Ambassa- dor, so that all might _enter simultaneously. Thus the equality of their sovereigns was not to be im- pugned, nor their equanimity upset. ‘The coming of democracy was bound to work some changes in a system | which in its inception was part and parcel of the monarchical regime. Yet the changes came siowly. Even Am- bassadors of democracies still were representatives of their monarchs. The Diplomats to Democracx Diplomacy Today Has Lost Much of Its Cumbersome Oldtime Formality—1Its Problems Now Are Economic Problems, and They Are Solved by Business Men in a Businesslike Manner. 1 tendency to recruit them from the |of one early international confercnce |ranks of the aristocracy persisted and { which had to be held in a circular hall | those who came from lesser station | were quick to simulate the manners of | nobility. Still more noticeable was the am- bassadorial preoccupation with affairs of state, high politics and all the cere- | monial and formality that were deemed | necessary to clothe their activities with | | the proper dignity. Trade, commerce, | m: | economics, finance were beneath their elevated notice. Such things were for ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT | " VIA ELECTRICITY IS SEEN |Site of Turkish Trench | To Become Art Colony VIENNA.—The spot in Vienna where the Turks in 1683 intrenched them- selves in their long siege of the town is being turned into a community, with GERMAN-AUSTRIAN PACT IS BLOW TO EUROPEAN PEACE \Bruening Seeks Repudiation of Repara- tions and Treaty Revisions to Gain Position Sought in War. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. ritorial revision have also been urged, ARIS —While what the French |reducing her military establishment by call the coup of Vienna, to asso- | & battery or a company? As to the League, since it is under | its auspices that the disa: it con- rmamen ference will assemble, failure must be disarma- clate it with the memory of the coup of Agadir cf 1911, which almost, brought Europe to war over Morocco, has in a sense become | injurious. In advance of the ancient history, it remains a fact ment conference the League must either that dominates and colors all interna- | consent to act on the protest of the na~ tional relations in Europe. Indeed, this |tions which challenge the legality of Austro-German tariff agreement, which | the Austro-German action, or refuse. to the rest of Continental Europe means | If it consents and the decision goes Anschluss, the union of the 6,500,000 Against Germany, the withdrawal of of Austrians and 65,000,000 of Germans | the Reich from the League is & fore- in a new empire recalling the glories of | gone ccnclusion. But if it takes the the old Holy Roman Empire, along with | German view, it is fatally compromised the power of the later Hohenzollern portance of an event marking the close of the post-war period and for France and her allies the beginning:.cf a new pre-war age. Sees Failure at Geneva. As a consequence of this diplomatic stroke—for it still remains diplomatic, awaiting translation into fact—one can foresce several things; first, a long post- ponement, if not a final adjournment. of the policy of Locarno, of the old | Briand-Stresemann policy of Franco- German reconciliation and co-opera- tion; second, an equally prolonged pos! ponement of all serious effort at dis- armament on the Continent. which spells the failure of the forthcoming conference in Geneva néxt February; third, a further. unfortunate decline in the prestige and capacity for usefulness of the League of Nations; finally, after a Winter of anxiety and unrest, Europe enters upon a Summer in which, with no present sign of economic recovery, | there is the certain promise of political strain. As to the first of these consequences, the termination of the Locarno experi- ment, one has only to see the reper- cussions of the recent incident in| French men and women, to perceive that confidence in a new republican |-nd peaceful Germany, built up labor- | | iously by all the negotiations from 1925 | | to 1930, has gone down in a heap. For | the mass of Frenchmen of all shades of | | opinion the coup of Vienna discloses | that same- Germany which existed in | 1l Prench eyes from 1870 to 1914, and | | from the outbreak of the World War to | the climax of the occupation of the | Ruhr. Rightly or wrongly—and I am | trying here cnly to describe a state of mind—France sees in the Austrian treaty, done, in French judgment, in | open violation alike of the treaty of | Versailles and the agreement accom- ( panying the loan to Austria, a new ex- ample of treating an international covenant as a scrap of paper. one must understand it to grasp Prench | policy, which will be based upon this view—it is necessary to see that to the French mind recent years have been marked by a long series of French con- cessions, culminating in the evacuation | of the Rhineland five years in advance of the treaty date. And to this | concession the German answer appears | to be the Anschluss, the reconstruction of that Mitteluropa which was one of the avowed purposes of pan-Germans before the war and of German leaders in the great struggle. As a consequence this brusque Ger- n move has all but destroyed politi- cally the best friend Germany has ever had in Prance, namely, Briand. It has brought down in ruin his dream of a United States of Europe, which, having ress of itself, has ended by serving as a pretext for the German diplomacy. | . As to the question of disarmament, it has always been clear that progress in | reduction of land forces was conditioned | upon the growth of confidence. The | | basis of armament is patently fear— | fear in the sense of belief in national | | insecurity. It is for this reason that | | all continental states possessing large | structure, has already taken on the im- | France, its effect upon all classes of | To understand this French view—and | failed to make even the smallest prog- | in Paris, Warsaw, Prague, Belgrade and Bucharest, at the least. Last of all comes the question of un- | certainty and unrest during the next months. In fact we have already had many months of this, beginning with | the campaign speeches of Treviranus, | which gave official expression to the German purpose to Tevise the eastern frontiers. Succeeding these came the German election. which suddenly put all Europe on notice of the wholly un- suspected sweep of violent nationalistic ideas in Germany. Hard on this came the repercussion across Polish frontiers during yet another election, which found expression in the so-called Silesian Horrers and the open clash be- tween Péland and Germany at Geneva. | Along with these more critical epi- | sodes has gone the unmistakable devel- opment and expression of a German | purpose to replidiate the reparations | payments, only postponed because of the | disastrous effects of the program in | the money markets of the world, notably New York, where Germany must bor- her armies and fleets as she may % In all of these questions it would absurd to argue that Germany has no case, to attempt to transform a carefully calculated campaign to de- stroy European tranquillity and resume the policies which bei and during the war Germany's enemies successfully identified with a collective the responsibility for a deliberate eam- paign to provoke & new war. The desire for peace in Germany is probal as general as in Prance or Britain. at one confronts is not a erime in the making, but rather a tragedy in prep- aration. For what has been at least univer- sally fixed in the German mind is that 5, whole vast peogiam ivantages which are attainable only &t the ex- pense of nations, each of which has ?f be: lf}:‘".m mo‘ e benef now g |, Thus the German demands right on the one the other to rry instant s England must consent to the construc- | tion of yet two more each by France and Americans, like Britons and man, look with unmixed disapproval upon the proposals to repudiate repara- tions, strangely inconsistent with pro- grams of battleship building and re- armament. For if Germany l!w& either Prance and Britain and Italy have to pay the United States out of their own pockets or, repudiating .in turn, will leave Uncle Sam to shoulder the whole burden. France nor any other National Committee. ing to say anything for publication. Of those who replied, apparently a ma- jority were sympathetic to Mr. Ras- kob's program. Mr. Raskob's fri‘nds | armies have insisted steadily that re- | | duction should be preceded by political | of living | agreements, treaties of insurance and | : he pretty | Buarantee, pooled into some general T o o0d mear e Plrory | league agreement like the protocol of |the Turkish barricades and trenches | 1924, binding all member states to act | which were constructed by the attacking | t0Bether against any aggressor. | Grand Vizier Kara Mustapha, has been | Alarms Slav Majority. caped her during the World War. But repudiation, revision, rearm: | given. by the city to a society which has | already undertaken the building of a But the Austro-German treaty. as it ment and now Anschluss are the frame- foreshadows political union of the two | work of Germany. policy.. To live, the the dable party they have been in a gene tion. Mr. Raskob, a deliberately striking and effective way, is causing the country to think of the Democrats as a truly national party. The handi- cap of the Democrats in the past has |and allies in the Democratic organiza- been that much of the country thought | tion claim that a majority of the mem- of them as a local party taking in two,bers of the Natlonal Committee arc dissimilar groups—ths South and the | With him. His opponents just as ear- Northern cities. Mr. Raskob has a nestly make the same claim for them- tional program. It is more concrete |8 One feels that probably M than any other program recently put is lit the country’s regained liberty and a mani- festation of Finnish craftsmanship at its best. The building, which was designed by | one of the country’s most promising young architects, Mr. Siren, may bedt be described as something between a Greek temple and a packing case of gigantic proportions. The outside con- sists entirely of Pinnish granite. the walls are clad with the costlic torious in the war or re-established -or expanded by the peace treaties has any desire to see Germany, recovering her | lost provinces and swee) 3 | then Hungary and ' finally Czechoslo- | vakia into her frontiers, establish on the | Continent a hegemony which just es- the city's help, where artists may in- | trench themselves against the high cost Silver-Selenide Photo-Electric Cell Plan Would Give Estimated 300,000 Kilowatts to Square Mile. : cent ¢ great amount of the sun's Raskob's information is a_littie [ aaterany e N colony of little houses where paintes out by any other Democrat®or an Republican. It is a more concrete pro- gram than the Republican party is as yet known to possess. “Mr. Raskob courageous) manner is the true stuff of which | leadership is made. especially at a time | like the present. Nobody else is doing anything like it. Class Above Politicians. “Mr. Raskob deiiberately takes upon mself one liability Mr. Raskob does this deliberatel ign of his courage and his c above politici my judgrhent for the South won't go Re- and the South won't organize The worst that can hap- some voters in the South y stay away from the polls. That won't matter. “Enough Southerners will 80 to the polls, for one motive or an- other, to keep the South solidiy Demo- as usual The politicians and the newspapers are underestimating Mr. Raskob. They haven't ‘sensed’ him right. get away from their habitual thinking that a politician must be a politician They think he must have had political experience—must have come up through the precincts, as they put it, They arc in the old rut of thinking that a busi- ness man can't be a political leader and that he is subject for jibes when he tries to. The politicians and news- papers enslaved to this old point of view haven't grasped a transformation that is taking place in the world. They forget that there is now in the White House & business man and engineer who never had any contact with poli- tics until he was forty-five years old, and who never held an elective office before the presidency. ‘They forget about Owen Young, who is a real Democratic presidential possibilty, al- though he has never held a political office or had any contact with politics. Dominant Ideal Is Business. “Politics in all ages is merely the name for the mechanism through which a country governs itself according to the ideals of whatever social function and order of society happens to be dominant. Once it was the military order. Another time it was religion. Recently and as a rule America has been governed by a caste of politicians as such. Today in America and in the world the dominant order and dominant ideal is business, by which is meant the production and diffusion of material goods. ‘Business’ in_ that sense includes the interest of labor. Polities is sure to reflect this new con- Jamun and slready has. Mr. Raskob is They can't | better. He is chairman of the National Committee, in ctontrol of the party machinery. That fact alone has weight with many members of the National Committee and it giv:s Mr. Raskob and his assistant, Joucit Shouse. better avenues of information about what the National Committee thinks. If Mr. Raskob has anything near half the National Committee h: and his program will win, The final test comes in the National Convention in June of next year. The test is whether the convention, after it assembles, will adopt his program. The chances of Mr. Raskob and his program are much better in the convention in e National Committee tional Committee has the same numb-r of members from each State—two. Hence, in the National Committee a comparatively small dry State Jike Mis- sissippi has &s much weight as a larg wet State like New York. When the fonal Convention comes, however, will be made up in rough proportion to population. Mississippi will have 20 delegates, whereas New York will have 90. It is the States with large delegations that are wet and will sup- port’ Mr. Raskob'’s progra Rice Eaters of World Are Third of People GENEVA.—Rice is the ptincipal food of more than one-third of the entire ulation of the world, and is the most cultivated of grains. Work- s of the American rubber plantations in Liberia eat it, along with the coolies of Japan and China, the Kaffirs of the South African diamond mines and the head hunters of Fiji. | The League of Nations' statistical sur- vey of what is what in foodstuffs in- | dorses the United States system of rice | grading as being a desirable method to | follow, explaining that export rice from | that source is invariably accompanied | by certificate of inspection as evidence | of quality delivered. A million packets of rice are yearly exported under this provision. Italy has stringent laws on rice pro- duction and sale, and all exported bears a national trade mark, the larger part | being, however, “polished rice,” some- thing’ your local dietitian will tell you is not so good for your interior organ- {ism as just plain hulled rice. Italy, as most travelers recall, usually consumes | the latter, letting the foreign consumer take what chance he will. In most other countries the national pure food Iaws laid down on gene: lines are the only protection offered, and these usually are no guarantees of qual- ity, “broken rice,” or chi¢ken rice, being | as ‘much a marketable commodity as | the “hulled” or “polished.” The Swiss ih‘ve even found a new use for rice, in- corporating it with chocolate in tablets. wood panelings and th¢ floors a Italian marble. Every piece of furni- ture and every door is'the work of an artist. The building contains 300 rooms, cafe, restaurant, 7 press rooms, smok- ing rooms for men and women and 10 bath ropms. The meeting hall of the Riksdag is a_circular dome- shaped room with balconies in stories—a masterplece of architecture with walls and ceilings insulated to pre- vent echo. The walls are colored in a quiet, grayish tone, and the paneling | is & rich red. A thick carpet covers he whole floor and deadens the sound of footsteps. ‘The most imposing room, however, is the so-called Rikssal, which is a show plece pure and simple and is to be used for no practical purposes at all, but already has gained a reputation of be- ing one of the rhost beautiful rooms in Scandinavid. The floor here is of pale green Italian marble and the ceiling is painted in ocean green colors. The cafe and restaurant are fitted with steel furriture throughout The bullding was inaugurated in the | presence of guests from the Parliaments of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Estonia and Latvia. |Swiss Banks Reported Full of Foreign Funds GENEVA —Swiss banks are gorged with foreign funds, according to a state- ment of the Swiss National Bank, that unique institution among the worlds banks of issue, which prints bank notes |In three languages — French, German and Italian. French and German capi- talists, large and small, have chiefly | brought about this invasion. | The gold position of the bank is pe- | cullar. Switzerland, standing on a gold | basis, circulates very little gold. Less | than 300,000 gold coins were put in cir- | culation 'in 1930, apart from 700,000 gold coins of the former Latin Union, whose gold colnage circulated freely be- fore the war. The policy is to guard gold reserves in the bank coffers for | such eventualities as may arise in back- ing up Swiss bank notes beyond the legal reserves. It is believed. with no way of know- |ing to just what extent, that large | numbers of Swiss bank notes are being | hoarded by Swiss peasants and thrifty citizens of all ranks who know that gold may be had on call. The position this respect. The only possibility of embarrassment is sald to be in the un- looked-for repatriation of forelgn de- posits in Swiss banks, which may at -n‘y)nfl.m: come t&s head. 7 s e, two or ree r de s are stil Tewarded by most Swiss banks with interest at . Bavings accounts receive 3% per cent. (Copyright, . 193! ‘ e two | Another possibility is to change the energy of sunlight directly into mechan- ical energy by means of a radiomcter. | This instrument consists of veins, black- cned on one side and polished on the other, which are mounted on an_ axis and placed in a partial vacuum. When 1 exposed to sunlight the blackened sides become heated and molecules of air | striking them rebound with an added | energy which causes the veins to turn | This has been given no serious consid- | eration as 1t is obviously impossible to | obtain any great amount of energy in cl as 'centuries awav, eens nearly within our prasp. It has recently been announced that a German scientist, Dr. Bruno Lenge. has devel- oved a silver selentde cell from which it appears’ power can be obiained from direct sunlight at a cost mot greatly in excess of the cost of hvdroelectric power What ‘with power from the tropicai oceans by the Claude method. power from “the Arctic by the Barjot “plan, quick growing plants to fuels, water power as usual Droved wind mills, the world has. little poets, actors and sculptors may live at | States, immediately to be of the newest possible desi| | sound proof, so that the practicing ac- | Polish Corridor. tresses from the Burgtheater who may larms the Slav ma- | | jority’ of Czechoslovakia, which would | heap rent rates. I thus be almost completely surrounded Hitherto the artists of Vienna have been more or less scattered, although a | by the new greater Germany while pos- | a small colony has existed as a geograph- | Sessing 3,500,000 of Germans within its | Yet the very multiplicity of the ob; |ically compact group in the historic | OWn frontiers. Against this danger the | tives steadily enlarges the extent of the Prater, close by the race track and not | treaty of St. Germain forbade Austrian | far from the picturesque Prater Wheel, | union with Germany. Moreover, if this | government, which must have money | known to every person who ever got a | treaty is now to be town up, equal peril | | postcard from Vienna. results for the Poles, always threatened | The houses for the artists’ colopy are | by the German purpose to revise the and | treaty of Versailles by suppressing the Since Hungary, too, | would be almost certain to throw her lot | |15 stated to be particularly sound in | % and 4% pe cent., BY H. H. SHELDON. 1 invention of a new | light- | sitive cell by the German nt 1o ear ' its dimiinishing ol and coal reseries. HE I Dr. Bruno Lange, now brings us within striking dis- tance of that long-dreamed-of goal-—direct energy from sunlight. Dr. | Lange tells us that it is now possible to obtain such sun energy at a cost | within close range of that of a hydro- | electric plant. The cost of installaticn | of a hydroelectric plant is from $100 | to $300 a kilowatt. The cost of a steam plant is in_the neighborhood of. $50 a kilcwatt. The direct sunlight plant, however, would be less costly in main- tenance and labor than would the usual steam plant. Another jump such as it is claimed Dr. Lange has made and the ultimate goal will have been | reached, Dr. Lange is backed by the | very well known and respected firm of Stemens & Halske, | That man will ultimately use direct | | sunlight to supply his power needs is | a belief by all scientists. Speaking in | New York a year ago, Dr. R. A. Milli- | ken said, “Fcr the last century men | have been using the sunshine bottled | in coal and oil in bygone ages, and | this reserve will do us and our children, | but what then?” The answer is here, | and it is not a hopeless one. It is this— there s enough energy sent to us each day by the sun for all our needs, those present now and those reasonably in prospect, and _without calling upon stored-up supplies of any kind. Two, modern counties in our latitude receive frem the sun in a day as much heat as is produced by all the coal burned |in 24 bours throughout the world. | " Granted then that the direct applica- | {tion of sunlight to produce power is | not only a possibility but a probability, | |let us examine the contribution just | announced to determine what advance has been made. May Use Sun's Power. i Ti#re are several ways in which we might hope to harness sunlight. One of the most obvious of these is to uti- lize its heating effect to generate steam for focusing as much sun as possible onto a boiler by means of large mirrors or lenses. hu;m has been t"m: at intervals, for many years. it has been repeatedly found that the mel is impractical because of the great size of the mirrors needed to con- this way. enormous. The method of obtaining energy di- rect from sunlight that has just been announced neither converts the sun’s energy directly nor indirectly, through the medium of steam, from heat to mechanical energy. It converts the ‘The physical limitations are sunlight directly to electrical encrgy. In | this respect the method differs but lit- tle of the photo-electric cell which is now so commonly used in the talking moving pictures, in television and in many other places where it is desired to convert light to electrical energy. Light Affects Cell. ‘The photo-electric cell is an out- growth of what is known to scientists as the Hallwachs effect, which was originally discovered by Hertz as early as 1887. In its initial form it was merely known that certain metals be- came charged electrically when minated. It has since becn found that this means that electrons are given off from the metals. More recently this has given us the foundation for the | photo-electric cell. This cell provides a method of utiliz- ing the electron discharge by inclcsing the most suitable metals for this pur- pose, either in a vacuum, or in a gas which will not affect the metal surface. An electrode ngotlng the metal is ranged in such a way that the tube can be used to produce a decreased resistance in an electrical circuit when light falls upon the metal. An effect more nearly like that uti- lized by Dr. Lange was discovered in 1885 by Werner Siemens, one of the founders of Siemens & Halske. He found that selenium had its resistance decreased when illuminated. ‘This led to the development of the selenium cell, which at one time gave much promise. Due to the fact that selen- ium did not respond quickly but only after appreciable time lag, and also be- cause it fatigued or lost ite sensitivity rapidly, it failed to materialize as at first expected. It is still useful in many ways, but its expectations have never been realized in practice. Energy From Light. It will be noted that these various de- vices do not fiofluu energy directly from the sun, but merely appear to do 80 _because of the decrease of resist- (Continued on Fourth Page) become tenants won't disturb the cre- | in with this greater Germany, seeking | illu- | | ators of the great Austrian novel. | (Copyright, 1931.) Ancient Rites Revived To Court Fiery Goddess HONOLULU. — Ancient rites with which the primitive Hawailans propi- tiated the fiery goddess of volcanic | action, the much-feared Pele, are being revived in a modern setting on the brink of the crater of Kilauea. The lava fires in this mighty crater on the Island of Hawaii have sunk low in the mammoth fire pit and Hawailans talk among themselves of the anger and pending departure of Pele. Recently officials of the National Park Service, stationed in the park reservation which surrounds the crater, were astonished to see an aged Hawailan woman build- ing at the very brink of the crater an altar of stones. On inquiry they found that she is Mrs. Koiliokalani Maluna, 100 years old, who had traveled from Honolulu to lay gifts at the unseen feet of the fire goddess. On the altar of lava stones she placed a cloth of pure white and over it a cloth of scarlet, and then presented her gifts of leaves, stems and roots of the awa plant, Hawaiian tobacco, and (modern touch) bottles of soda water and jelly rolls. Here, sur- rounded by children and grandchildren and even great-grandchildren, the aged matron has for several days been sing- ing chants to the fire goddess and be- mch’l‘\l‘ her to return to her abode in Hawali. Germans Bar Signs That Mar Landscape BERLIN.—The governor of the dis- trict of Noderney on the North Sea, where & number ‘of the most beautiful German Summer resorts are situated, has just issued an edict forbidding un- sightly billboards and similar advertis- ing signs in the rural districts. Those already in existence must removed by May 1, when the vacai season . By another order building proj- y are like destioy charm landscape. iof the ‘ | restoration of her old frontier through | | revision of the treaty of Trianon. Ru- | mania-and Jugoslavia would also feel growing insecurity. France, Poland and the three states of the Little Entente are thus bound to look {o their defenses against what | | they, ccnceive to be a new German | menace. In this situation can one | foresee any reduction of armies in these | countries? Or can one foresee Italy, | between France and Jugoslavia, and | threatened with a common frontier with this new Germany, along the Tyrol, where German demands for ter- ' Bruening government must faithfully and consistently serve all these ends. All compromise would be perilous in the extreme, any surrender fatal over ni opposition. ~Moreover, this same weak from abroad to carry on and at least a semblance of success marked by con- cessions, is condemned to & line which concomitantly excludes the possibility u!( foreign loans and foreign conces- sions. ‘The consequence is the long series of gestures, of which this Austro-German agreement is only the latest, designed to create the impression at home of & vigorous policy abroad, but steadily con- solidating the outside world against Germany. to her economic disaster and her political danger. But once em- barked upon this policy, it is difficult to see how the Bruening government can draw back. Hence there is the almost certain prospect of a Summer of alarms and excursions, leading not to war, to e sure, but straight away from politi- cal tranquillity or economic recovery. (Copyright, 1931.) Leaves Continental LONDON.—What sort of a Sunday is suitable to the residents of these isles is a question now agitating the minds of millions of King George's subjects. Until an amending measure is passed by Parliament, it is illegal under the act of 1781 to open any places of entertain- ment on the Sabbath. This strange state of affairs has been recently brought home to the public by a court decision that it was illegal under the act of 1781 for the London County Council to license the opening of pic- ture palaces on Sunday. Strict observ- ance of this ancift law is now de- manded by a large number of church- men. But a huge army of wireless fans has found the means of giving the British Sunday a Continental flavor. The Scot who would not court public condemna- tion by being seen with a fishing rod on the day of rest might in the quiet of his own home “tune-in” for a spell of jazz music from Toulouse, Milan or Berlin. In fact, a Continental tour via the air is becoming a Sunday habit with Brit- ish listeners, who are aggrieved at the more solid fax d up by the British broad h never relay the air, fic on that day. ontinental jaunt H for most up-to-date sets, h some real thrills. voice af the woman announcer dance n ‘This cont s sharply with the toneg®! the announcer in Ber] British Sunday Blue Law Observance Radio Only Gayety and Oslo. Many persons in England who are studying ‘French, German or Spanish try to get in touch with Conti- nental stations when talks are being glven, which is an easy matter so far a5 German stations are concerned, bs- cause short talks.are a feature of their programs. But the average Briton who seeks the Continental atmosphere ofi Sunday is after light music and jazz or opera. ‘There are times when he finds it difi- cult to get out of the range of his own home stations or when he finds's Ger- man station blanketing one in part of Europe. According to some ex- perts, there will be havoc in soe eir when the projected powerful stations in Germany come into operation, for they are expected to create even more con- fusion than now frequently exists be- cause of the slight difference in wave lengths. One German station already interferes with reception in Southwest- ern England. . The best time on Sunday to link up with the Coninental stations is after 10:30 p.m., when British stations have closed down. If a {,l‘n hereabouts then desires & . gave names of