Evening Star Newspaper, December 14, 1930, Page 45

\ Loty urRlAL SECTION he Sunday Star, m—— Part 2—8 Pages WASHINGTON, D. C SUNDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 14, 1930. MINORITY ISSUE DELAYS REAL PEACE IN EUROPE Question Raised in Poland Brings World Attention and Becomes Major Post- - War Problem Abroad. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. ARSAW.—The ethnic disturb- ance which has broken out in Eastern Galicia and at- tracted general attention 1 the world has a double im- portance—first, as it raises again the question of the Ukrainian minority in Poland, the largest single ethnic prob- | lem of the new republic, and, secondly, as it again opens the larger issues of minorities generally, which is, beyond all else, the major post-war difficulty of Europe. As to the Eastern Galician aspect, one touches here the familiar difficul- ties due to mixed populations. Taken | as a whole, Galicia has a population of approximately 8.000,000—4,500,000 Pol- ish, 3,000,000 Ukrainians and 500,000 But whereas Western Galicia Polish, with only a slight minority and a relatively| hodgepodge. T Galicia, however, the Ukrainians are a decisive majority, ap- | proximately two to one. Nevertheless, | the capital of old Galicia, Lwow (or Lemberg), which is in the heart of| Eastern Galicia, has a 90 per cent Polish population and there is a clear Polish majority in several of the .east- ern countries, notably in Tarnopol. But the Ukrainian situation is strengthened by the presence of more than 1,000,000 of their race brethren in the adjoining | districts of Volhynia and Polesia, in which they constitute a clear and even overwhelming majority. Thus there is in Poland a more or less compact Ukrainian group of more than 4,000,000. Across the Russian boundary in all the region from the Pinsk marches to| the Black Sea and extending east to- ward the Volga is a mass of Ukrainians, numbering 35,000,000, who constitute | one of the Soviet republics and under | Petlura fought for complete indepen- | dence of Russia after the revolution. | For the moment Ukrainian nationalism has been submerged in the Bolshevist wave, but its eventual reappearance| seems assured. More Numerous Than French. Again, more than 1,000,000 Ukrain- {ans live within the borders of Rumania, in Bessarabia and the Bukovina, while another 500,000 inhabit the eastern tip of Czechoslovakia. Here, then, is a| compact mass of Ukrainians, number- ing well above 40,000,000, more numer- ous than either the French or the Italians, occupying a larger area than either Prance or Italy, an area which includes the best wheat area in Europe. And Ukrainian nationalism seeks the unification of all the factions—Polish, Rumanian, Czechoslovakian and Rus- sian. Moreover, just as Western Galicia was the center from which Polish na- tionalism operated before the World ‘War, Eastern Galicia is now the .ulmilu‘ center for Ukrainian rationalism, Lwow laying the Tole of Cracow. What the | krainians of Galicia desire is no. im-| mediate union with Soviet Russia, but # degree of independence which will enable them later to become the lead-| ers in the eventual liberation of all their race brethren. Their immediate enemy is the Pole, who naturally seeks | to assimilate and absorb this great alien element, but their eventual foe is| Soviet Russia. | Polish policy would be furthered enor- | mously by a break-up of Soviet Russia, | norities once and for all | their desire for political separation, if| have a common frontier with Russia. Therefore, they would welcome the in- | clusion of Eastern Galicia within the | frontiers of new, nationalistic Russia, | which they hope will one day emerge | from the present chaos. Prague, con- | sequently, is a third center of intrigue against Polish rule in Eastern Galicia. But the very fact that foreign intrigue | s seeking to exploit the Ukrainian mi- nority in Poland drives the Polish Gov- | ernment to take . ‘astic steps, although Pilsudski has always sought to avoie re- pressions and has cherished vague no- | | tions of giving Polish Ukrainians a| wide measure of autonomy through| some federal system. And the present | uproar is plainly the result of a Polish counter-offensive directed against dis- | order and sabotage by Ukrainian groups, disorder unmistakably stimulated by economic depression. Here, however, is the very heart of the minority problem. The persecution or oppression of minorities in Europe today arises very little from any spon- taneous purposes to crush out race con- sciousness, but mainly as a result of the fears excited by the exploitation of mincrities by foreign countries. If mi- abandoned ! their fellow racists beyond frontiers gave up the hope of liberating their lost | brethren, the minority issue would dis- | appear. | But nothing s less likely. Minorities | continue to demand freedom, their race brethren continue to work for such lib- b eration, and the rivals or foes of any| people having an ethnic minority take | advantage of this to hamper and break | down the national unity and security of the rival. Thus the existence of a mi- | nority becomes the gravest peril to the security of the country and the first concern of those charged with main- taining its unity. Criticism of League Heard. Much criticism of the failure of the League of Nations to protect minorities is heard from time to time, but in fact the League can do nothing, because it| has no authority and no means of en- forcing its will upon sovereign states. | Moreover, it is handicapped because mi- | norities themselves are invariably guilty | of acts which constitute treason to the state under whose laws they live, but ‘whose moral right to rule them, they do not recognize. In recent days, for exampl. Italy has been carrying on a drastic cam- paign of repression against Slav leaders about Trieste, where there is actually a Slav majority. There have been exe- cutions and prison sentences, but what the Slavs have done is only a faithful repetition of Italian performance in the days when Austrian bayonets were in Milan and Venice. Today the Galician question does not ri:* to/ major proportions. Poland has the means and the will to break local disorders and punish the leaders. TO-J morrow perhaps a Ukrainian rebellion against Soviet rule will permit Poland to aid in the creation of an indepen- against Soviet rule will permit Poland will certainly have to cede certain lands now in her possession in Polesia and Volhynia, and perhaps lands in Eastern Galicla. Such sacrifice most intelligent | Poles foresee. But in the East of Europe minorities are bound to continue because peoples are 50 hopelessly mixed. And real peace will wait upon adjustments bectween peoples themselves, which will abolish following a secession of the Ukraine,| and that explains Polish support of Petlura. In case of any serious Ukrain- ian revolt. Poland and Rumania would | bably support the rebels, as first ce and then Prussia supported the Italians against Austria. The price for both would be Ukrainian recognition of existing frontiers, as Italy ceded Savoy and Nice to France. On the other hand, it is obviously sound Russian and German policy to support the Ukrainians in Galicia, thus weakening Polish domestic unity; while Soviet policy also necessitates violent repression of Ukrainian nationalism within Soviet frontiers. Thus Moscow and Berlin are engaged in helping the Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia with money and by playing up every local disturbance in that area. The Poles, on their side, are just as earnestly seek- | ing to forward the Ukrainian separatist movement in Russia Czechs See Future Assured. Finally there are the Czechs, who are not friendly to Poland and who see their own future assured, given their arious position (a small Slav group the German ethnic sea) only if they all hopes of minorities to escape their, alien rulers and all fear on the part of | | these rulers that the aspiration of mi-| norities, fomented and encouraged| abroad, will destroy national unity.| | Meantime as long as minorities are a| peril they will be persecuted at home | and cannot be protected from abroad. It is all a piece of hopeless madness, | | viewed objectively. Foreign stimulation | | produces domestic disorder; domestic | disorder leads to vigorous repression |and persecution; repression and perse- | | cution in turn ‘fill the world with its| | echoes, foment passions, exacerbate na- tionalism, leave only ruin and bitter-| | ness in their train.” But it admits of no solution, because on the one hand | every nation is determined to preserve its unity, while on the other every race is determined to sgek liberty and unity, and the two purposes, equally founded upon universally recognized right and | justice, are irreconcilable. And the Eastern Galician episode is only a de- tail, wholly similar to those of the Polish Corridor, of Transylvania, of Macedonia. It is really only another indication of the condition of contem- porary Europe. (Copyright. 1930.) Giant Helicopter Wanted by Italy After Inventor’ ROME.—When in October the heli- copter invented by Signor Corridino d'Ascanios broke three world records for that type of aircraft in the trial flights near Rome the aviation world took notice. But the machine which accomplished those performances will appear as but a plaything when com- | pared to the prodigious helicopter which, if present plans are carried out, will cut up capers in the air above the capital or other Italian cities within a year's time. Exuberant existing m r the success of the ne, the Italian govern- arged the inventor with the ructing & two-passenger opte vertically to an altitude of more than 1,600 feet, of flying from Rome to Pisa at a speed of not less than 60 miles an hour and of hovering like a butterfly above the Piazza Venetia in Rome— within a few feet of the pavement, but without touching it. D'Ascanios’ helicopter boasts safety features similar to those recently devel- oped on autogyros, since its horizontally revolving blades or veins permit easy landing even when the engine stalls. This helicopter has the advantage over autogyros in that it can ascend or de- scend perpendicularly and, as recent tests have proved, can remain virtually motionless in the air. D'Ascanios, who was in the United States as a plane designer during part of the war, began working on designs for Lis helicopter seven years ago, and 800m had developed models which gave satisfactory resuits. In 1927 the Italian government signed a contract with the inventor which provided for the con- struction of a machine which the gov- ernment was to buy for 600,000 lire if it succeeded in certain tests. D'Ascanios completed the helicopter in March of this year and the test flights were begun soon afterward, Maj. Marinello Nelli of the Italian air force acting as ilot. ,Theflntmu'enmdch'-he spacious hangar at the Ciampino Air- port, near Rome, and in October final record hts were carried out in the open air of that field. On October S the machine, with Nolll at the con- capable of ascending | s Successful Tests trols, broke the world's helicopter rec- ord flight. Turning rather sharp cor- ners, the helicopter negotiated a tri- | angular course of five-eighths of a mile | with comparative ease. Two days later }the bizarro craft broke a straight-line distance record by flying nearly three- | fourths of & mile across the Clampino | field. The altitude record was captured on | October 13, when the helicopter ascend- {ed to a height of 58 feet and returned to the starting point indicated by a cirele inscribed on the ground. In ad- dition the machine ascended to a height of 16 feet and remained stationary in | the alr for one minute, a test which | the original government contract called | for. |~ 'With the pilot, the existing D’Ascanios helicopter weighs about one ton. An | air-cooled radial motor of 90 horsepower | drives the perpendicular shaft to which | the two pairs of horizontally revolving | blades or veins are attached. The craft is propelled by these blades. One pair | revolves in one direction, the other in | the opposite_direction, and if the num- | ber of revolutions of the one pair is | increased, the speed of the other pair is decreased, so the total number of revolutions of the two pairs always is | the same. | ‘Three small metal propellers—one at the right, one at the left and one in the rear—serve the purpose of rudders. By means of controls operated by the pilot the “angle of-attack” and thus the | “pitch” of these small propellers can be | varied and it is through these variations | that the craft is guided. In case the engine stalls in flight the pilot throws out the clutch. The blades and per- | pendicular shaft continue to 1evolve through the operatiton of air resist- ance and thus the descent of the craft is gradual. Through an_ingenious arrangement the three small control propellers are geared to the perpendicular shaft in- stead of the engine and thus, even though the engine is dead, the small propellers continue to revolve. The pilot thus always is able to control the movements of the machine. To those technicall ly instructed it will be clear | th the | that the helicopter can be propelled How Old Is American Man? Investigations and Discoveries Reveal That He Has Existed Tens of Thousands of Years o BY GREGORY MASON, Leader of Expeditions to Central America, NTEREST in the long-discussed question of the antiquity of man in America has been revived by dis- coveries in Gypsum Cave, Nev., in- dicating that in that great cavern man hunted the extinct ground sloth, a creature of the Pleistocene epoch which ended from 10.000 to 20,000 years ago. The original find of the handiwork of | ancient man under the bones and made by the well known American archeologist, Mark Harrington, some months ago, but Mr. Harrington’s pur- suit of his investigations in Gypsum Cave for the Southwest Museum of Los Angeles has continued to bring forth 50 many further pieces of evidence that his contention that man and the Pleisto- cene slotk were roaming about Nevada at the same epoch is gaining wide ac- ceptance among scientists. The theory that America was orig- inally peopled by immigrants from Asia DEMOCRATS S EEM READY TO GO WET NATIONALLY Drys in South and Elsewhere Will Fight, However, But Hope of Presidential Success Plays Big Part. BY MARK SULLIVAN. HE position of the Democrats with respect to prohibition—and the choice of the next Demo- cratic Presidential candidate ‘with respect to the same issue— permits fairly simple statement. ‘The Democratic party, nationally, seems destined to go Wet—to go wet in the complete sense of coming out for the flat, unqualified repeal of the pro- hibition amendment to the Constitu- tion. The forces working that way are extremely powerful. The official party managers are de- termined that the party shall take the wet position. Perhaps the word ‘“de- termined” conveys an unfair implica- tion. It might be more accurate to say that the party managers are convinced that an overwhelming majority of 4 g Al #1 Py | States, with help from parts of other —Drawn for The Sunday Star by Robert Lawson THE EARLY INHABITANTS OF AMERICA WERE A CRUDE AND VERY PRIMITIVE TYPE OF HOMO SAPIENS, | ber of centuries which have passed since that immigration occurred has ‘steldfly risen during recent years as after another discovery alleged to give dignity in pologists have vig- | orously attacked the validity of all these American man an increasing years. Certain anthro \explorexs have brought to light one |in claims, but ‘“nevertheless,” as a Clark Wissler of the American Museum of Natural History, says, “one must suspect that where so many cases arise | which exercise the utmost ingenuity of fos- | is still the tenet of orthodox anthro- |scientists to disprove, the probability of silized remains of the extinct sloth was | pologists. But our estimate of the num- | some being authentic is very great.” ‘There have never been found in the twin western continents any remains of Neanderthal man, whose existence Europe at least some 30,000 to 50,- 000 years ago has been attested by sev- eral distinct discoveries. However, it seems quite possible that American man may soon be generally credited with an age equal to that of the Cro-Magnon reople. whose artists were decorating he ceilings of European caves with ex- traordinary artistic drawings of bison and mammoths 20,000 years ago. Most of American man’s claims to (Continued on Fourth Page.) Defends U. S. War Effort Great Australian Labor Leader Hopes America Never Will Lend for Another “Butchery” NOTE—King O'Malley. Australia’s noted labor ‘leader ' and former member of Parliament, has come stronoly to the defense of Uncle Sam for the part he played in the World War. Taking issue with those abroad who are wont to picture America as a “Shy- " O'Malley expresses hope that the United States will rot cancel allied debts and, moreover, that America never again will lend money for “another interna- tional butchery.” The Australtan also pays his respects 1o the ‘American_doughboy, assigning to him a large share of the glory for win- ning the war. < In The Labor Call, organ of the Aus- tralian Labor Party, the following article appears BY KING O'MALLEY. UBLICLY and privately America loaned the allies over $12,175,- 000,000 ‘and expended about $26,785,000,000 on war “glory,” creating, eqyipping, transport- ing and landing in France an army of over 2,100,000 men, and continuing the drilling of over 5,000,000 more at home; also constructed thousands of ships to replace those sunk by the German sub- marines. America’s Debtor Nations. Foreign governments’ indebtedness to America November 15, 1922 (in dollars) : Armenia $13,637,174.37 Austria 26,942,394.00 Belgium 437,197,129.59 Cuba 7,740,500.00 Czechoslovakia 106,292,205.32 Esthonia 16,088,771.26 Finland 9,204,362.27 France 3,844,132,250.77 Great Britain 4,746,862,560.29 Greece 15,750,000.00 Hungary 1,888,135.89 Italy 1,932,715,485.51 Latvia 5,175,864.01 Liberia, 29,518.85 Lithuania 5,728,872.23 Nicaragua 170,585.35 Poland 153,281,676.81 Rumania 41,992,599.28 Russia 232,313,968.15 Serbia 59,098,683.50 Total $11,656,932,737.45 This stupendous sum of $11,700,000,- | 000 was loaned by the American Govern- ment to the allies and others, in addi- tion to the expenditure of over $27,000,- 000,000 on the war, besides several thousand millions loaned . by private enterprise. Although America was not | long in the fight she lost more men in | 47 days’ intensive battling than Aus- | tralia lost in four years (80,000 killed), | and had more wounded (many of whom | have died since the war) than the whole | Australian Army in the fighting line. Pershing Plan Turned Tide of War. The New York Times said: “The turning point of the World War was reached 12 years ago last Priday—on July 18, 1918—when the high tide of e German offensive crumbled before an allied counter-drive at Chateau- Thierry, according to a resume of this forward in the air through the simple process of tipping the tail upward, (Copyright. n&c.) Bl;m of the struggle issued by the War partment through the 2d Corps Area, r WIES T ] BERRYMAN | KING O'MALLEY, headquarters, at Governors Island. was at Gen. Pershing’s suggestion, the resume states, that Marshal Foch un- dertook the ‘big push.’ “American soldiers from every State in the Union,” continues the resume, “fought shoulder to shoulder with the |the A French throughout the victorious coun- ter attack, as well as in the fensive operations. The Americans composed four-fifths of the ‘spearhead’ of the drive, the resume says, which at 8 am. on July 18 was in possession of ground which practically assured the success of the whole battle, Many + lt| prior de- | Ll Americans were decorated for gallantry | in the battle.” When the war ended the American Army was the biggest army on the Western Front—larger than either the Prench or British Armies, including ustralians. Yet we have heard intelligent Australians remember when loyd , Prime Minister of Britain, that the fate Mt and Hindenburg. The allies borrowed from Americans about $15,000,000,000, while America has had to pay the American investors 4% per cent for used to the war ‘Wilson the money loaned to the allies. Gov- ernments possess no wealth, except that collected by passing the hat with a machine gun in the form of taxation. She accepted Stanley Baldwin's (British treasurer 1n 1922) 3 per cent for 10 years and 3. per cent for 50 years, when the debt would be liquidated. ‘The Americap Government loses $73,050 on each million loaned owing to ac- cepting 3 per cent and p|¥lng 41, per cent. If Australian intelligentsia will think and calculate the loss of 1 per cent on $4,600,000,000 annually then they won't feel so anxious to pulverize the “damn Yankees" because she is not anxious to supply the European nations with capital to start another war, Britain never had to guarantee any of the debts of other nations to America. Australia’s “Financiers.” Australia is deplorably lacking in gov- ernment constructive financial and economic statesmanship. While com- parisons are odious, yet they bring out colors. The Australian government's finance system never has and never will produce a great government financier. Boys under 17 years of age enter the public service by competitive examina- tion, and over a series of years by seniority promotions reach the treasury and finally become under-treasurer. He is able as an accountant, but without the slightest training in bank! or great industrial economic activities. When the next political battle is fought on some sectarian or dead dog issue and won by one of the political parties, the leader of the successful party will probably make himself treasurer, and he will know less about the complexities of the solution of financial problems or the creation of huge industrial enter- prises capable of furnishing unemployed workers with work than a Pawnee In- dian does about a problem in Euclid. America’s Captain of Big Business. Well, look at the American Govern- ment finance. The present Treasurer, Hon. Andrew Mellon, is probably the greatest captain of big business in the world, great banker, head of many mighty ihdustrial activities and the third wealthiest man on earth. The Undertreasurer, Hon. Ogden Mills, is another great banker and son of the founder of the Bank of California; the third man is another banker, son of Davidson, great banker and director- general of the Red Cross dur e war, who collected and distribuf mil- lions of pounds among the allies, and the fourth man is the public servant, Mr. Burke, whose only activities are to carry out the orders of the trained financiers at the top, while here in the Commonwealth the public servant |, under-treasurer has to financially edu- cate the political treasurer. Australian government finance is a tragic joke. Early in the war in order to the dislocations of excl and for Democratic voters in the country as a | whole favor the wet position. Apart from National Chairman Raskob's per- sonal wet attitude, or the personal wet attitude of the other national officials of the party, the plain fact, apparent to | them, and justifying them, is that the | State organizations of the Democratic | party have gone wet in practically every |one of the largest States, excepting Texas. The Democratic State organi- zation has gone wet in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, | Tlinois, Connecticut, Wisconsin and in | some smaller States. In Ohio, while | the Democratic party organization did | | not formally go wet, it nominated and | | succeeded in electing a wet candidate | for United States Senator. | 'The sum of this is that it is, fair to | estimate that Democratic State organi- | | zations representing fully ten million votes have gone wet—as against Demo- cratic State organizations which remain dry in States that do not aggregate over five million votes. From that, the fair and justified inference is that in the next Democratic National Conven- tion something like two-thirds of the | delegates will be wet—wet in the sense ‘of standing for flat repeal of the ‘eighmnth amendment. Strenuous Opposition Faced. ‘ Nevertheless there is going to be | strenuous opposition from the Demo- | cratic drys, in the South and elsewhere. | The following quotation is from a man | nationally recognized as a powerful | Democratic' leader. He says: | __“You may be sure theAiry Democrats | are ‘not going to be quiet and permit | any repeal plank to go in the platform. If Mr. Raskob and his associates think | they can get in such a plank without a row resembling that Charleston con- | vention of 1860, they are much mis- | taken. . . . This will be true of every Southern State from Maryland ail around to California, and in addition Kansas, Indiana and other Western States.” This spokesman adds: “But it is too gon,;:t to draw the lines and to draw e fire.” The Charleston (S. C.) convention of 1860, alluded to by this dry spokes- man, was the one that literally dis- solved into two factions. The larger faction adjourned to meet later at Bal- timore, the other at Richmond. In the end, two separate Democratic tickets were nominated. All this is history, now 170 years old. In this present year, 1930, one who talks with dry Demo- cratic leaders is surprised at the fre- quency of allusions to “the Charleston convention” and of hints that it may be_duplicated in 1932. In line with the utterance quoted above from a dry Democratic leader, several representatives of the dry wing of the party are now at work in an ef- fort to consolidate the dry strength within the party. They are trying, among other lines of effort, to bring about a conference of dry Democrats to be held probably in Atlanta some time in late January. They have a slogan “The Saving of the South for Prohibi- tion” or “Saving the Eighteenth Amendment by the South.” The Democratic leaders engaged in bringing about this conference get almost un- limited encouragement from Demo- cratic drys in the South and elsewhere —Who are not active in politics. As re- spects dry Democrats who are in poli- some encouragement but not a great deal. The dry Democrats who are in office tend to be Democrats first and drys afterward. They think of any op- position to the national wet trend of the party as being in the nature of “throwing a monkey wrench into the machinery.” They think the Demo- cratic party is headed toward national success, toward electing a Democratic President in 1932. Thinking that, they hesitate to promote cleavage. In short, any fight by the dry Demo- crats to prevent the party as a whole from' going wet is deterred by what we may speak of as “the cohesive power of the expectation of getting the offices.” Dry Democrats Need Leader. To speak of opposition by the Democrats to the party going wet “d.r"!’ come at once to the matter of the presi- dential nomination. The prospect of success for the dry Democrats is closely tied up with, is almost wholly depend- ent upon, the prospect of their having one outstanding leader around whom to the prospect of having a candi- of their own for the presidential nomination. W If the dry Democrats go into the next national convention merely as a dif- fused group lacking any one man around whom to center, they are likely to fail. The dry Democrats had fully a third of the delegates in the Democratic National Convention of 1928, but they did not prevent the nomination of Gov. Smith. In every Democratic National Convention it is technically a fact that one-third the delegates can exercise a veto power upon the presidential nomi- nation; because in the Democratic party, unlike the Republican rule, it takes the votes of two-thirds to nominate. In practice, however, the one-third of the delegates are not effective—are unable to exercise their veto power—unless they have one outstanding candidate of their own around whom they can rally, to whom they can stick. They lacked such & man in 1928, and because of the lack they were unable to prevent the nomi- nation of Gov. Smith. Unless they have such a candidate of their own in 1932 they will not be able to prevent the nomination of a wet. The question, then, is whether the dry Democrats will have a candidate of their own—one outstanding candidate— for the presidential nomination. They may, though it is not yet certain. By far the strongest and most avail- able man among the Democratic Senator Joseph T. Robinson of Arkan- sas. Senator Robinson is a nd for that reason alone should command the support of every Democratic dry in the coun lally those in the South. Robinson, in an of the ablest and ders in either rally, date n , all. d sense, is most respected of 1is g drys itor choice, and is willing to serve sound ic reasons e general principle was established that and services purchased by one ally in (conc‘u;m on Fourth Page) ough to the end as the standard bearer @ the drys, that will constitute by faM the best o, only v. Byrd of Virginia, brother of the Arctic explorer.) To turn to wet potentialities for the Democratic presidential nomination is to turn to the major end of the situa« tion. Clearly the wets will have a close approximation to two-thirds of the del- egates in the next nominating conven- tion. Clearly, therefore, the presiden- tial nominee is superficially likely to be the man who becomes the favored selec- tion of the wets. Not Certain About Nominee. ‘Whom the wets will nlpron is a thing still in dtheh mlkhinl. t is com- monly assumed that the wet managers and leaders who now dominate the party are as clear in their own minds about whom they want for the presi- dential candidate as they are about having the party adopt a platform plank for repeal of the eighteenth amendment. This is not, as of today, true. The Democratic leaders are wise and tolerant. They do not want to seem to be forcing any candidate of their own. Further than that the wet leaders are not yet certain in their own minds as to whom it is best to nominate, Among wet possibilities, decidedly the outstanding one at this moment is Gov. Franklin Roosevelt of New York. Cue element in his strength is the fact that while he is wet in the sense that satis- fles Northern Democrats, he is not, so to speak, too wet, not so aggressively wet as to give any sense of acute outrage to the drys in the South. Democratic drys have heard that Gov. Roosevelt is per- sonally dry and that Mrs. Roosevelt, while dissatisfied with the eighteenth amendment as an experiment, believes in as close an approximation as can be achieved to suppression to the traffic in drink. Moreover, Gov. Roosevelt, by his recent practice of spending several months each year in the South, has ac- quired the good will of that section. Those Southerners who come in contact with him like him Pemnnlly, If Gov. Roosevelt is the choice of the wet Dem- ocrats of the North for the presidential nomination, he has qualities and attri- butes which to some extent would dis- arm nay determined last-ditch opposi- tion on the part of the Democratic drys in the South. One of the chief reasons for the out- standing availability of Gov. Roosevelt is his record as a vote getter in the largest State in the Union, the one State almost indispensable to be carried in order to Prosbdemhl election. Mr. Roosevelt ran for Governor of New York in 1928 and won by a majority of 25,564. He served two years, ran for re-election last month, and won by a majority of 725,017. That record, that immense increase in his majority, con- stitutes a powerful reason why Mr, Roosevelt should have the presidential mgtl’ni:twgu this e ‘Yote- Tecord of Governor Roosevelt u‘:‘ lgn:uhd in nnyuntmmal-mmm.nh inaf it out that while Roosevelt got 2,130,103 votes: in the total number of Republican opponent and .to_the fact that the Republican party in New York State had disappointed hundreds of Ll;x:unxt:da of Republican voters by go- wet. Some Observers See Smith, .+ Without attempting more intricate analysis of Mr. Roosevelt’s strength:as a vote-getter in New York State, with- out alluding to his position about pub- lic utilities that is his further strength, or the Tammany scandals that com- pose a weakness to him- all that, let us turn to the most emlcu- ous Democratic wet_ currently in- creasingly mentioned as an alternative to Gov. Roosevelt for the Democratic dry | presidential nomination. Some of the shrewdest political ob- servers in the country maintain with confidence that the Democratic nomi- nee in 1928 ics, who are holding office, they get | St Gov. : Mr, ith as a candidate for the presidency in 1928 came within roughly a hundred thousand of carrying New York end that with the changed conditions of today he could be expected to carry state readily. The advocates of Mr. Smith say he is entitled to the honor: that he ran in ]928 as a pioneer of the wet cause, that the wet cause has now _grown srelfly and that Gov. Smith is entitled to the reward of his pioneering. ‘The prevailing truth has been, how- ever, founded upon a law of politics and human nature, that pioneers of a cause rarely reap the fruits of their pioneering. By their early fights they shock opponents into an unyleldin mood. Later on, some other leader the same cause is able to run with & lessened handicap of implacable o?{g; sition. The rule is that the bones of ploneer lie white upon the battlefield— while some newer leader marches for- ward to victory. In any event, the present fact is that the wet managers of the Democratic party are not committed to nominatin; either ex-Gov. Smith or Gov. Roose- velt. They are confident the wet cause is so strong in New York State as to make it unnecessary to select their candidate from that State. In their looking about give some attention to the new wet Democratic Senator, Robert Johns Bulkley, from Ohio—which State is almost equally as decisive and important as New York. Senator Bulkley suffers the handicap of not yet being familiar to the country. He has just entered the Senate. He has a year and a half before the Demo- cratic National Convention (in_ June, 1932) to let the country see whether he is of idential size. He is being ob- served closely. Wolves Ravage Herds Of Live Stock in Canada So serious have become the revages of bands of wolves in Templeton town« ship, 25 miles north of Ottawa, the Capital of Canada, that the municipal authorities have appealed to the Que- bec government for assistance in com- bating this menace to the farmers. Live stock of several farmers in the - set up | Lake chance of the drys to keep §h t, fmmmh‘‘m"dl':! P §he party