Evening Star Newspaper, December 14, 1930, Page 10

A—I0 STAR, 'WASHINGTON, D. C, 1930—PART ONE. ARTIFICIAL RADIUM [& RAYS ARE CREATED Unlimited Voltage Furthers : % Atomic Research Into E 3 & THE SUNDAY DECEMBER 14, AA445444 448088842888 408843 0004050000000 802204404 iiiiiiiiiii T PALAIS ROYAL A Timely Gift Sale of 1,800 Men’s Plain Colored Pre-Shrunk Broadcloth Shirts A Very Special Purchase— Priced "Way Below Their True Worth y .In Plain Colors of: White—Blue—Tan—Green Field of Nuclei. Artificial production of “rays" hitherto secured only. from radium has been ac- complished at tne terrestial magnetism Iaboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington with a specially con- structed vacuum tube on which can be impressed as much as two million volts of electricity. By this means it is possible to shoot, aimost at the speed of light, “heavy atomic projectiles” under controlled conditions against other atoms. At the same time a method has been worked out by which, using a series of concentric metallic cages, it is theo- retically possible to obtain unlimited voltages. Ultimately by its use it may be practical to obtain potentials of many millions of volts above ground. Furthers Atomic Research. The immediate practical purpose of this piece of heavy artillery shooting “bullets” at the speed of thousands of miles a second is to study the properties of the nuclei of atoms. At present Frowledge of this fundamental unit of nature is largely confined to the be- havior of the light electrons which re- volve about the heavy central mass of protons like planets around the sun. Radium, it is explained, emits three kinds of rays—alpha rays, which are the nuclei of helium atoms; beta rays, [ which are simply high-speed electrons, and gamma rays, which are extremely short light waves similar to X-rays. The alpha and beta rays have energies, as represented by their velocities, as great as they would acquire if :ihey had been accelerated from a state of rest by electric potentials ranging from 100,000 to several million volts. The velocity of the gamma rays is identical with that of light. Mystery Particle Produced. When the alpha rays of radium strike hydrogen atoms a fourth type of “ray” is produced as a secondary ef- fect—the so-called H-particle. This is s proton from the nucleus of the atom, more than 1,000 times heavier than an electron, but far simpler in composition than the helium nucleus or alpha par- ticle. It 1s ideal “ammunition” for the heavy artillery of the atomic world, but hitherto has ‘been obtained only with radium bombardments. In the new vacuum tube these H-particles are pro- duced directly and have a penetrating power of about four centimeters in air when accelerated by approximately a uuumn volts. penetrating the atom with the 1,200 Men’s New 4-In-Hand Ties 59¢ Youw’ll Buy Them by the Dozen for Gifts! A large selection of colorful patterns that include small figures—dots, self patterns, ete. Open-end style; well made. PALAIS ROYAL—Men’s Dept.—Main Floor 1,200 Prs. Men’s Wool-Mixed Socks Every Shirt is superbly tailored. . . . Popular collar- v H-particle and noting its Jeflec- e and other behavior when it strikes the heavier proton much information can be secured on the forces encoun- tered in the interior of the atom, which attached styles. . . . Guaranteed to fit perfectly. ... Every L o e shirt is preshrunk. ... You’ll instantly see that they’re ence No effort has been made to pro- ; 0 duce the alpha rays. o far there Las worth far more than our sale price! been no_speculation on the biological possibilities of the “big gun.’ beyond providing safety for the workers. Unlimited Voltage Possible. ; It was by bombardment of nitrogen gas with alpha particles that Sir Ernest fi Rutherford in England has produced the only actual transmutation of ele- ments, securing hydrogen atoms. But the alpha particle is complex ammuni- tion 0 handle. i The new high-voltage apparatus which was placed on display at the Carnegie Institution today may have even greater significance. it is pointed out. In op- eratiop each alternate cage in a series is charged to a relatively low voltage. Spark gaps make connection between alternate pairs of cages and, when spark- over occurs, all the electric fields in one Every Shirt Bears This Label— PRE-SHRUNK They’re certainly remarkable Shirts—they must be to include all these features! You’ve seen Shirts that sell for much more that can’t “touch” these—that is why they’re going to make fine Christmas gifts. If you want to save money on fine shirts, you’ll give these to every man on your Christmas gift list! White Shirts in collar-attached and neckbend styles—Blue, Tan and Green Shirts in collar-attached styles n‘y! Get Here Ahead of the Crowd—Doors Open at 9:15 A.M.—Use Direet G St. Entrance! Sizes 13%2to 17 Wool-Rayon and French Lisle Mixed, in . i direction are wiped out, while all those medium weight! in the opposite direction remain. The remaining fields are cumulative toward the innermost cage, the latter thus be- ing raised to a high voitage. “Methods at present in use for the production of high voltages,” says the | report on this mechanism, “are limited by the production of corona or spark- over at the point of highest voltage. This new method removes this limita- | tion and theoretically makes possibie ! unlimited voltages.” Crystalization Is Traced. ‘The so-called “tin pest,” a phenom- enon which has puzzled science since tin first was introduced to commerce by | ~a- Phoenician traders, has been explained by recent researches at the Geophy-ical Laboratory, it was announced today. Ordinary white tin is only stable above 65 degrees Fahrenheit. Below this tem- perature it is likely to invert into a gray powder. This same behavior occurs in all articles containing tin when exposed in cold places for a long time. By studying tne behavior of substances un- der high temperatures the Carnegie scientists have made clearer the subject of polymorphism of materials at differ- ent_temperature ranges. The materiz] remains the same chem- | In Oxfords, Blue and Tan Heathers, Light Grays and woven clocked designs. Excellent quality. Sizes 915 to 12. PALAIS ROYAL—Men’'s Dept.—Main Floor Whatto Give a Boy?—Here’s the Answer! A A A A 0 30 7 B e O e B B e e i B e A Top-Notch Value! Boys’ $2.98 and $3.98 A Sale of Sma"& Dressy All-Wool Sweaters ically, but the form of the crystals changes, each form having distinct phys- ical properties, such as density and melting point. It has been found that there are few solids which do not exist Blue Overcoats for Men and Young Men $ 1 8.95 Tailored of All-Wool Fabries! The social season is in full swing now—and the demand for a Blue Overcoat is now a necessity! 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