Evening Star Newspaper, September 21, 1930, Page 32

SECLUSION DESIRED BY CALVIN COOLIDGE " Has No Desire to Be President Again— Charges for Autographs to Aid Wife’s Work. (Continued From First Page.) able and never has mixed with the peo- w, it does not count against him here. e 48 his nature, and we like him all the better because he is not a windjammer or & four-flusher in any sense.” ‘Wants to Be Let Alone. Later that morning the editor of the | Northampton Gazette said to me: “Mr. Coolidge wants to be let alone He has told us_of the newspaper call- ing here that he wishes us to respect his desire to be let alone. And we do 80. We never go to ask him for an in- terview on any subject. The only time we broke that rule was when we heard, last May, that he had bought the Comey house and was going to give up his home on Massasoit street and move out there to the Beeches, as it called. I went myself to ask him about 4t, and here is exactly what he said. and all he would say about it,” and the editor took from his desk a slip of pa- | r on which he had written at that ime, in lead pencil, the following statement by Mr. Coolidge: It is a modest place, with a little land. It w my doggies a place to exercise enable us to entertain our o ruasts from out of town more com- lortably.” Modest But Wonderful. *“You will notice that he says it is a nodest place, with a little land,” said the editor. “My gracious, it is a won- derful place, with nine acres of the most beautiful trees and a house with an all-copper roof and 16 rooms. A modest place, indeed!” A little later I was able to see Mr. Coolidge at his office, the same one he used when he practiced law here. Mr. Coolidge’s desk was across the far corner of the room, and he sat be- hind it, where the light from a window fell across his right shoulder to the pheets of a manuscript before him. e sat, very straight, as he always does, d he reached his hand out across the sk and shook hands. “8it down,” he said. As I entered he had been fitting the end of a long and stout cigar into a paper holder. He finished this, lighted the cigar and asked about the drought in the West, knowing I had jyst been there. Asks of Drought. “Have you had a chance to observe the effects of the drought out there?” was his first question, and he listened smost intently and interrupted with ques- tions as I told him that I had recently Been through Oklahoma and Kansas and that on this very trip I had come in a Iowr car across Missouri, Illinois, In- & and so on to Northampton. He wanted to know the condition of the corn especially; how much of a crop of corn would be actually gathered by farmers in different sections and whether any considerable number of farmers would really need financial aid glh Winter. Then he asked about my ip by motor car from Kansas City to Northampton, how many miles we made each day, and seemed surprised that one might drive from Kansas City to In- dianapolis in one day and from there to Buffalo the next day. “Remarkable!” he exclaimed. Answers in Autobiography. Finally I asked him the one question & had come all that way to propound: “Mr. Coolidge, every one wants to know if there is any possibility that you will ever be a candidate again for the presidency?” “For my answer to that I refer you all understand him. We know that to my autobiography. Have you read it?” he asked. I replied that I had not, and his sec- retary, Herman C. Beaty, who sat near us during the interview, interrupted: ““You may get it at the book store across the street and up in the next block.” “That will give you my answer to that question,” said Mr. Coolldge, “and any- thing else you may wish to know, Mr. Beaty will supply.” ‘That ended the direct interview. I | made an appointment with Mr. Beaty | for an interview an hour later, then went to the book store, “The book costs $3, but if you wish Mr. Coolidge to autograph it that will | cost $1 more,” 'said the Gealer, and he | explained that this dollar for auto- | graphing went to Mrs. Coolidge's mis- | sionary soclety of the Jonathan Edwards | Congregational Church | “Mrs. Coolidge & great church | worker.” he taid. “Last Christmas Mr. Coolidge autographed 300 of these | books and that gave Mrs. Coolidge $300 for her missionary society. I suppose he has autographed fully 300 more | since then, which meant 8300 more for her society. She is just wrapped up in the work of that church. I saw her last Winter work all day in a booth, selling things, at a fair to help the church. Coolidge Autographs Books. “When any one buys one of these books and it is to be autographed I | | just send it down, Mr. Coolidge drops { anything he happens to be doing then, and autographs the book, and the mes- senger returns at once with it.” | So, I paid the $4, the book went over to the office of Mr. Coolidge and with- in a few minutes it came back with his autograph written on the fly leaf. When 1 went to his office later Mr. | Beaty saia: | “After you had gone away Mr. Cool- idge remarked that he meant to_make | you a_present of the book, but I told |him that I thought you would rather pay for it and thus be a contributor |to the missionary soclety of Mrs. | Coolidge.” “And what did he say to that?” “He rather wanted to give youthe | book, but he compromised by writing {your’ name in it together with his. Usually he simply writes his own name in these books, and does it hurriedly; but it you will look into your book you will see that he has given it to you, personally, with his regards. Heavy Toll of Presidency. “Now, if you will turn to Chapter 7, ‘Why I Did Not Choose to Run,’ you |will see that his reasons for never egain being a candidate for the presi- | dency are various. He speaks first of |the heavy toll the presidential office | takes of those who occupy it and of their families. He states that he be- |lives no one man could successfully serve the country as President for a term of more than eight years. He states that another term would be too heavy a strain upon Mrs. Coolidge. He believes the people would not have con- fidence in & man who appears to be grasping for office, as he would appear to be doing if he sought another term. Now read the last paragraph of the book,” and I read: “It was therefore my privilege, after seeing my administration so strongly indorsed iy the country, to retire vol- untarily from the greatest experience that can come to mortal man. In that way, I believe I could best serve the people who have honored me and the country which I love.” This interesting story of Mr. Cool- idge and his present-day activities will be continued in the editorial sec- tion of The Star nert Sunday. War on New Jersey Mosquito Nearing New Jersey is rapidly winning its ght against the mosquito, and officials lieve that its extermination is not ly practicable, but also will open the .W? for an increase of more than 50,000,000 in the taxable values in the Btate within 20 years, For some time it has seemed to be a ttle between the mosquito and the werful New Jersey seashore interests, it science, through the medium of Btate and county agencies, is muster- all knowledge at its command and w it tlm:»lu as if the insect 1s about to ouf “In fact, the fight has progressed to | such an extent that the time-worn “Jer- sey mosquito” expression may soon be- come a memory, The possibilities to be achieved through the elimination of this insect nuisance may readily be seen in the fact that of 160,000 acres of potential seashore development value only 3,300 scres have been utilized. And {7 is all e more remarkable when one notes ¢ all of these 160,000 acres are ideally located between the 150 miles fi coastline from Atlantic Highlands Cape May. Embraces Metropolitan Area. Then, too, there s great nEpnrtunity further degelopment of the metro- litan area {h northern Jersey. The commission defines this area as border- ing on the lower Hackensack Valley and Newark Bay and immediately adja- cent thereto. Such cities as Patrosh, Passaic, Hackensack, Elizabeth, Newark. Hoboken, Union City, Jersey City and Bayonne are included. It is pointed out that in this eection there are more than 28,000 acres of salt marsh land, not more than 5 per cent of which has been used for develop- ment. It is admitted that progress there has en hindered by the fact that the land es not more than 12 inches above mean high tide and is from time to time covered by the sca. But it is planned to reclaim these lands by hy- draulic fills, or by a process which is known as “fencing out” the tides. But even more damaging, experts de- clare, in_the utilization of this section o its fullest extent has been the mos- quito pest. Before anything was done to prevent breeding, countless millions of these in- sects were produced during the Summer in the stagnant pools found all over these marshes an the presenge of the pests. Fight Began in 1905. It was in 1905 that the New Jersey State Agricultural Experiment Station, with local agencies, began its seemingly hopeless task of suppressing the salt- marsh mosquito within the metropoli- | his work has continued to tan area. date. In 1012 Jocal agencies were organized ¥ in a broader way and county mosquito | © were au- That year the commissions began work in Essex and In 1913 the work was taken up in Hudson, in 1914 in Passaic and in 1915 in Bergen County. In addi- tion to suppressing the breeding of { fresh-water mosquitoes the county com- missions have taken over the mainte- nance of drainage works established by the experiment station, nupplcmented‘ the drainage of areas alrcady partly | completed and undertook and carried extermination commissions thorized and appointed Union Counties. out the drainage of areas hitherto un: tovched. A considerable portion of menun':l; rom It belc_‘nu;a ave becomc ribboned with high- e R In addition large amounts of sewage have been poured marshes included in the metro) district are difficult to handle mosquito control stancpoint, ways and ralroads. upon the lands. These pools . 45 @ fact, there are some areas which, Spring Just the maintenance of large forces of industrial workers on this area was greatly interfered with by End, Say Scientists because they are shut off from the sea and polluted with sewage, have sunk to | a level considerably below mean high | tide, rendering their drainage by grav- |itv ‘imoracticable. Thus the ordinary methods used for morquito drainage on the marshes as nature made them have been rendered impracticable over con- siderable sections of this area. Of value in the fight on the mosquito are the insect's own enemies. The eggs of the salt water variety are in the marsh mud, and every time the mead- |ows are covered with the warm water {of Summer either by tide or rain, & | brood of wriggles (immature forms of | the mosquitoes) hatches and within two weeks the insects are on the wing. ‘Two natural agencies limit or entirely | eliminate the broods thus started. It| the weather is bright, th shallow sheet | water covering large areas of marsh | surface and fllling the shallow pools is | quickly evaporated and the wrigglers | die. The deeper pools harbor small killifish, which eat all wrigglers that appear, The result is that compara- tively few mosquitoes get on the wing. If, however, the weather is clouc. and the atmospheric moisture high, the sheet water disappears very slowly and an |enormous brood of mosquitoes may es- cape. Trenches Recommended. In view of the fact that the salt marsh surface normally about 1 foot above mean high tide, it is clear that trenching will ordinarily remove all | sheet water and empty shallow pools. ‘In a few isolated localities it has been found more effective to fence the tide {out than it is to cut large outlets neces- sary to get rid of tide water. The State Experiment Station, under laws enacted in 1906, has been draining the salt marsh as rapidly as the funds granted by the Legislature would per- mit, and in addition has furnished un-| der’ the terms of that act advice and - plans for much locally supported work in both the salt and fresh varieties. At the present rate cf drainage, less than 10,000 acres a year (of which the State now does only 25 per cent), it 18 estimated that only five years will be required for the v-ork. While the bulk of thc battle is di- rected at the salt marsh mosquito, be- cause of its tremendous effect, a cam- paign is being waged to rid the Siate of the fresh water pest. Application of chemical solutions is the principal | means used to combat the latter variety. Experts Defins Pests. | State experts ha+ put the fresh water | species into several classes and deter- mined the vulnerable elements of each. | These follow: House quito—Find all water in which it breeds, and make it unfit for | such by drainlnr‘ filling, stocking with | fish, or the application of ofl or larvi- ! . Malarial Group.—Practically same as house type. Swamp Mosquito Group.—The control of this group differs from that of the other groups, and drainage must neces- sarily play a large part. Breeding occurs ov . large areas where larvicide is only slightly effective. Furthermore, the eggs could not be killed off with oil because they do not come to the surface. Noth- ing but a substai c * t mixes in the water can be successfully used. The type of inspection necn:z to find breeding of this speci>s is radically dif- |ferent. The tussock forming grasses growing in unsuspected places must be pulled up in the search for the larvae fastened to the roots. Sometimes the larvae can be scraped off the mud with a dripping net, after the tussock grass \u-wbem pglled away. ks p are usually oiled m THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SEPTEMBER DIFFICULIES Y little tailor came to the office to measure me for a new suit of clothes. He looked tired. It had not been such a good Winter. The American people are elther away up or away down in their thinking and their spending. While the stock market was boiling they bought lots of clothes. But they stopped very suddenly, so the little tailor said. I wondered what a tallor thinks about. It must be a monotonous life, going around and measuring men, sewing up the suits and trying them on, and fixing them over, and to emerge, and the group is taken care of for the season. Seven general conditions enter into the variety of campaign to be used against all groups. They are: First, the nature of the water in which they breed; second, the location of the breeding water; third, the ex- tent to which his area may be influ- enced by mosquito flights from other parts; fourth, making a survey of the mosquito_conditions in and adjacent to the territory selected for protection; fifth, the matter of financing; sixth, creation of an effective organization to carry out the control work, and, sev- enth, the meeting of invasions of mos- quitoes outside this area. Require Ideal Larvicide. ‘The term larvicide has been applied to the substances destructive to mos- quito wrigglers which will mix with the water. A large number of these sub- stances have been tried, but the ideal | remains to be found. Such an ideal | larvicide, authorities point out, should destroy quickly all mosquito larvae with which it comes into contact, should be non-poisonous to man and the higher animal life, should non-injurious to water plants, should remain effective in the pool throughout the season, even when it becomes dry and later refills, and should be cheap to permit its gen- eral use. ‘The most widely used substances now are sodium chloride and calefum chlo- ride, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfo- carbonate, borax, copper sulphate, iron sulphate, pyrethrum, nicotine, quassia, helebore, ginger, pyroligneous acid, carbo-sul, pyridine, cresol, lysol, phenol tmli mixture of pyridine, xylol and resin. At present there are three legalized agencies for, mosquito lupfrmtom The local and State boards of health oper- ating under the authority of the Duf- fleld act, the State Agricultural Experi- ment Station operating under the laws of 1906 and devoting its attention pri- marily to the elimination of the salt- marsh mosquitoes, but also supplying technical assistance to the boards of health and other organizations; the county mosquito extermination com- missions, operating under the authority of the laws of 1912 and devoting their attention to the mosquito problem in its_entirety. The work of the three organizations is unified by the following facts: (1) that the law enforcement officer, di- rector of the New Jersey State Agri- cultural Experiment Station, is an ex- officio member of all county mosquito commissions and responsible for the nature of the plans, methods and esti- mates used by them; (2) this same officer finds it his duty to see that proper technical assistance is furnished to boards of health in their campaigns: (3) the director of the State rt- ment of Health is an ex-officio member | of all county commissions and keeps in touch with their activities. PUBLIC LIBRARY Recent accessions to the Public Library and lists of recommended read- ing will appear in this column every Sunday. Aeronautics. Curtis Publishing Co., Philadelphia. The | Aviation Industry. Co4. Elsner, Mrs. Eleanor. The Airway to| See Europe. SZA-El 1. Klémin, Alexander. Simplified Aero-| dynamics. 8Z-K676. Maitland, L. J. Knights of the Air.| 82-M288k. Swoffer, F. A. Learning to Fly. SZP- Bwid, Ethics. Markun, Leo. Mrs, Grundy. BM-M342. Kies, Marietta. Institutional Ethics. 1894. BEKX-Kb4i. Nevius, W. N. The Meaning of the Moral Life. BM-N41¢ Literary Criticism. Buck, P. M. Literary Criticism. ZY-| B854 1. Dukes, Ashley. The Youngest Drama. 1924. ZYD-D885y. the Josephson, Matthew. Portrait of Artist as American. ZY83-J776p. Lowell, Amy. Poetry and Poets. ZYP- L853p. P. Se Boyar, G. E. Outline of Literature. ‘Two volumes, ZY-Se22. Happiness. Larson, ©. D. Just Be Glad. 1912.| BMP-L32. | Pitkin, W. B. The Psychology of Hap-| iness. BMP-P68p. Sadler, W. 8. The Quest for Happiness. BMP-8a 13q. Biography. Bruce, P. A. The Virginia Plutarch. | Two volumes. E-9B833v. Coffin, R. P. T. Laud, Storm Center of | Stuart England. E-L363c. Coontz, R. E. From the Mississippi to the Sea. E-CT78. H. 8. Willlam Howard Taft. ‘T 126du. Eckenrode, H. J, and Wight, P. W. Rutherford B. Hayes. E-H320e. Ellison, Mrs, M. B. C. Judge John F. Ellison, E-El 567e. Johnston, Alexander. The Life and Letters of Sir Harry Johnston,| E-J643). Baclaurin, Charles. Post Mortems of Mere Mortals. E-9M222po. Michaud, Regis. Emerson, the Enrap- Misissiop Dematment of Archives and ent of ves and Hhu:?y. Reviews of Jefferson Davis. 1024, E-D292m. Moody, W. R. D. L. Moody. E-M77mo. ‘Thomson, Valentine, E-B757t. Man of | of the Latin | liest toward 21, —By Br e "CHALLENGE \ listening to & good deal of grumbling. “Do you find life worth living?” I asked him. His face brightened. “It keeps me interested.” “But what are your pleas- ures?” I persisted. “What gives you a thrill?” “Well, for one thing I get quite a lot of excitement in overcoming my difficulties.” He went on to tell me about his difficulties, and as he talked I felt a reverence for that little tailor and a certain amount of shame for myself. How much less he has than I have. But no complaining, no self-pity, no temptation to surrender. He is playing a game in which diffi- IN LATIN culties are his opponents, and every day, in his modest fash- ion, he wins some victory. When I was in Chicago a couple of years ago they told - me about the late T. F. Mer- seles who left the presidency of Montgomery Ward & Co. to become the president of Johns Manville. Why did he do it? He had all the money he could poseibly use. Why should a mon of sixty give up something which was going smoothly to tackle a new situation? “Money had nothing to do with it,” one of his former as- sociates told me. “He called us (Copyright, 1930.) AMERICA By GASTON NERVAL. Commenting in this same column on) the recent coups d'etat in Bolivia and Peru, I sald, two weeks ago, that they were only part of & movement of gen- eral domestic agitation in Latin America, to which political, economic and psycho- logical factors had all contributed. I criticized the fact that most editorial | writers in this country had classed the | Bolivian and Peruvian incidents as mere repetitions of a long, traditional series | of domestic quarrels provoked purely by selfish rivalry or personal ambitions. After summarizing similar evenis in| Ecuador and Chile a few years ago and | the circumstances preceding the latest | coups in Bolivia and Peru, I contended | that the real interpretation of the! present political inquietude in Latin America was that of a general reaction against dictatorial forms of govern- ment, encouraged by psychological in- | fluence and precipitated by strong eco- | nomic factors, CONDITIONS IN ARGENTINA CITED. | ‘What has since then developed in| Argentina, the best known of Spanish- | American countries, serves to corrob- | orate such idea. When my article on Bolivia and Peru was going to press, a military movement of like characteristics was breaking up in Argentina, a highly civilized blic, where internal peace valled for 40 years and where could suppose the existence of | low, pitiful sentiments of selfish rivalry | dominating national affairs. The civic | and the material progress attained by | the Argentine republic in the last quar- ter of a century make her immune fronw such supposition. Even if the political maturity of most of the Latin republics has often been doubted, European and North American observers have always pointed to Argentina as an example of democratic development in the Southern continent and praised her for the solidity of her institutions. Yet this time the Argentinians, too, have turned against their government and have taken recourse to force to overthrow it and substitute for it a | more liberal and more popular one. The barking of cannon also was heard in Buenos Alres, the huge Argentine me- tropolis, just as it had been heard a few days before in Lima, the capital of Peru, | and two months earlier in La Paz, Bo- livia. Dead and wounded victims of | street fighting also were reported there Army units went over to the side of ¢he | people and marched, too, against the | government palace, and a long-estab- | lished President was forced to pen his resignation and surrender to the trium- | phant revolution, LIKENED TO OTHER “UPSETS.” The Argentine movement has all the characteristics that distinguish the Bo- | livian and the Peruvian upsets. The Irigoyen regime, inaugurated two years ago, was an arbitrary and personalistic | one. It paid little attention to consti- tutional precepts and preferred strong, dictatorial ways, although these were veiled by a legalistic appearance. Al-| though not as arrogant as the Siles re- | gime in Bolivia and not half as abso- lutist as the Leguia regime in Peru, the administration of President Irigoyen was | far from being a democratic one, | As in Bolivia and Peru, the students were the first to sound the call to ac- | tlon. With public meetings of protest, | strikes and ardent oratory, they en- livened the opposition and awoke the passionate sentiments of the masses. | As in Bollvia and Peru, it was the army | that decided the situation by turning | jts guns against a despotic government | and going over to the side of the peo- | ple, and as in Bolivia and Peru, it was | high army officers and not politicians | who directed the movement. After this | succeeded, the national ‘armed forces | took control of the administration and | began an energetic and thorough proc- ess of reconstruction. CLAIM TEMPORARY POWER ONLY. As in Bolivia and Peru, the military leaders in charge of the country have | solemnly declared that their exercise | |of power is only temporary, and that | they will return to their professional | duties as soon as a new and constitu- | tional civil government has been estab- | lished with the support of the people. | Finally, as in Bolivia and Peru, this| revolution in the Argentine Republic was precipitated by economic factors. | Behind the political movement there are strong economic issues at stake. It| was the financial crisis of the adminis- tration and a general business depres- sion in the country that served to show the old regime to be in a delicate and feeble position, trying unsuccessfully every imaginable scheme to hold public confidence. Just as In the two North- ern republics mentioned, it was not un- til this crisis made itself felt that the situation became serious in Argentina | and revolutionary unrest began to take shape. Similar conditions, aggravated by the contagious psychological _influence of the livian and the Peruvian up- heavals, have led in Argentina to simi- lar results. The Argentina military coup d'etat is only another chapter of that general political disquiet through the Latin hemisphere which seeks to re-establish lost democratic liberties and | create more liberal and more public-| spirited governments. And the last chapter of which, it may be well to add, has probably not yet been written. NOT A FRIEND OF UNCLE SAM. While Senor Legula's exit was com- mented upon with regret by most news- papers in this country—for he was one American executives friend- the United States—that of | luctant attitude toward ti | the United States toward a government | |since it is almost a tradition among Senor Hipolito Irigoyen, the deposed President of Argentina, has met with widespread rejoicing in editorial col- umns. During the last two years the presence of Senor Irigoyen in the Argentine gov- ernment had been the cause of cool- ness in the diplomatic relations of the United States with the most progressive one of the Latin American republics. For the Argentine President, tradition- ally unfriendly to Uncle Sam, had im- pressed upon his administration a policy of discreet aloofness and non-co-opera= tion toward the United States. Though he could not very well adopt an atfitude of open opposition toward the “great colossus of the North,” he neglected no opportunity to show his Iagk of sympathy for Uncle Sam. Since the early days of his administration he encouraged the campaign of Argentine newspapers and politiclans against the protectionistic tariffs being discussed by the Congress at Washington. And when these were approved, he openly ex- pressed his discontent and predicted menacing retaliations on the part of | Argentine m.anufacturers. IGNORES CALL TO CO-OPERATION. The non-co-operative spirit of the Irigoyen administration toward the Pan-American cause was notoriously and repeatedly shown in its constant neglect to send delegates to the inter- national conferences of American States held during the last two years in Washington, In none of the last three or four Pan-American assemblies gathered in this Capital, with different purposes, was the Argentine govern- ment officially represented. This Ar- gentine absence was especially regreited and criticized in the conference of ar- bitration, which was to discuss topics of the highest significance for the polit- ical relations of the New World countries. But where President Irigoyen's re- United States was most plain was in his per- sistent refusal to appoint an Ambas- sador to Washington. Since the inauguration of the Irigoyen govern- ment, the Argentine embassy in Wash- ington has been vacant, and Argentine periodicals as well as Latin publications in general attributed this fact exclu-| sively to the personal feeling of this high-handed ruler. One of the first acts of the provisional military gov- ernment now in control of Argentina has been to declare that an Ambassa dor to the United States will be desig: nated very soon. With all these precedents it 1s not difficult to understand that Argentino- American relations had been consider- | ably embarrassed for the last two years by the somewhat undiplomatic attitude of Senor Irigoyen. And, naturally, it is not surprising in the least to see American opinion rejoicing now at the reports of & new government taking charge of national affairs in the great Latin republic of the South. RECOGNIZING NEW GOVERNMENTS. ‘The policy to be followed by the United States with respect to the recognition of the newly established military governments in Latin America had caused considerable comment in Washington, and was awaited with ex- traordinary Interest in the Southern countries. ‘There were last week three South American republics under the rule of provisional military juntas — Bolivia, Peru and Argentina. They had all been | estahlished in the short period of two months and they all had had a similar origin and seemed to have a similar ideal. They all had seized power by overthrowing personalistic and unpop- ular regimes and were now laboring for the creation of new and more demo- cratic governments, The attitude of the United States was of paramount importance at this time, | for instead of being the result of that legendary “revolutionary habit” of the Latin Americans, these juntas were the outcome of a widespread tendency of political reform which is sweeping_all over the Southern hemisphere. The circumstances were different, then, from those that led some years ago to an agreement between this country and the Central American nations for the | non-recognition of revolutionary gov-| ernments. WASHINGTON ATTITUDE AWAITED, | And because of this difference in eir- | cumstances, the attitude of the Wash- | ington administration was awaited with | unusual interest, for it was to be re- garded as an important guidepost in the future relations of the American re- publics. Besides, the stand adopted by born of revolution in Latin America is of more than bilateral significance, other nations of the continent to fol- | low Washington's leadership in the matter. Finally, last Thursday Secretary Stimson announced that the United States Government had decided to recognize the military juntas of Argen- tina, Peru and Bolivia. The principle agreed to by the United States and the Central American na- tions some time ago, which binds this country not to recognize any govern- | ment arising from a revolution or un-| constitutional measures, was not binding in this case. Primarily, because it was never intended to be applied to South American countries. It is only an ad- herence to an agreement reached | of these is to be run in November. |ing car and the Irish blackihorne | 1930—PART TWO. uce Barton LIVING AMERICANS WHO HAVE ACHIEVED Who Has Done Most (Continued From Third Page.) here. As far as I can gather, the ob- stacles to_their achjevement have not been notably greater than those which confront any young medical student; but in the other three fe both brothers score very high. As for Henry Ford, why argue? Case Is Cited for Debate. John D. Rockefeller, sr., is a neat the proposition that the measuring rods st in gaining control of the oil busi- ness, and much later in benefiting soclety through his half-billion-dollar gifts General Education Board, the Laura in one day and sald: 'Boys, I think I have this job licked. 8o T'll just say good-by. I'm going where there are some prob- lems” Many a man makes himself unhappy, I think, because he regards his difficulties as some special afMiction for which Fate has singled him out. Difficulties are as much a part of the program of life as the pleasures. You're certain to have them. The only ques- tion is, how will you regard them? As affliction? Or as part of the game—like Merseles and the little tailor? in 1923, for the purpose of stop- ping periodical uprisings, the result of personal ambitions and rivalry in those countries. Secondarily, because rather than belonging to this type of move- ments, the recent South American coups d'etat were of a precisely opposite character. They had been carried out in defense of the constitutional precepts and for the restoration of individual liberties. Their pi ‘was the estab- lishment of better governments and they could, in fact, be considered “legal- istic moves,” rather than revolution- ary outbreaks. The ample lugport they had in the public opinion of the peoples involved afforded the best proof of this assertion. U. S. POLICY CLASSED AS CONSISTENT. According to a distinguished Amer- ican internationalist, Chandler P. Anderson, quoted by a Washington cor- respondent, since the time of Thomas Jefferson the United States, except for a very brief period, has consistently followed the policy introduced by him, of granting recognition to new govern- ments on the purely de facto princi- ple, in distinction from the theory of legitimacy, which then controlled European countries in their inter- national relations. ‘The de facto principle, sald Mr. Anderson, s based upon the juridical equality of nations and the sovereign right of the people of each nation to determine for themselves their own form of government. The question of the constitutionality of a government is a domestic political question, which certainly the United States in its own case would refuse to submit to the decision of any other government. 1t is only following this principle of international law that the White House has just accorded recognition to the newly established governments of Ar- ntina, Bolivia and Peru. This will elp both the consolidation of those new regimes—which have popular sup- port—and the strengthening of good will toward the United States of Ameri- ica in three of the most important Latin American republics. (Copyright, 1930.) Ireland Progressing Under New Regime (Continued From Third Page.) campaign, seems remote indeed. But ;under the Northern government it is | forbidden to have any “public house,” as the Irish counterpart of the old-time | saloon is celled, open on Sunday. In | the Irish Free State, in certain areas | where “poteen,” as the illicit whisky | distillate is known, is made, it is neces- sary to secure a police permit to pur- | chase brown sugar or treacle, the first cousin of molasses. Irish sociologists are gratified over | recently published reports showing that | there were fewer Irish emigrants last | year. The figures show that during 1929, the number of people from the Free State that took up permanent residence in countries other than Eu- rope totaled 20,802. Some 18,035 emi- grants chose the United States as thelr | future place of abode, 1,766 went to Canada, 497 to Australia and 504 to | other places. This compares with the previous year's figures of 24,691, 21,684 of whom e to the United States. A problem that is giving the sociolo- gists some concern is that the young Irishman of today is not marrying, for Ireland is represented as having a high rate of bachelors and this s attributed | to_economic factors. There is a continuing trek from the | soil to the factory in the Emerald Isle, as elsewhere. Despite cheap modes of transportation—for the bicycle is still | popular there—walking is yet pu- | lar pastime. Flower gardens and veg- | etable gardens are apparent, as one | travels “over the countryside, more | verdant that ever this year, due to the constant rains, The Irish possess the ancestral love of animals, with the | horse still in the vanguard, for, wit- ness the number of races that attract the throngs and the nunts that are a feature of country life, Recent legislation has authorized the | conducting of a series of sweepstakes to ralse funds for various hospitals that stand in need of aid. The first Jaunting Car Passing. Alas for the romanticists, the jaunt- walking stick are being pushed out of popular favor, but the Blarney stone, Killarney, the Gilant’s Causeway and the other old haunts have their de- votees still. De Valera, who recently visited the plant of The Evening &tar to glean ideas. is pushing forward his enter- prise of a new newspaper in Dublin, designed to give news of the opposi- tion arrayed against the Cosgrave gov- ernment. Ireland, to one returning after an absence of years, appears like present- day France does, when compared with the nervous days of wartime. The Emerald Isle looks more prosperous and altogether seems to be cn the up- hill road, under its own government. The Dublin that was torn asunder in the Easter rebellion of 1918 and sub- sequent upheavals has been rebuilt end in the shades of Nelson's Pillar, in the heart of the :ity, new, modern buildings have arisen. Like the Phoenix, after which her greatest park is named, the Green Isle Spelman Rockefeller Memorial and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Re- search. Item; His staggering personal success in the first aim. Item: The social value of his benefactions. Why isn't he an AAAA man? Simply be- cause his obstacles fall far below those of Keller, Edison, Wright and Acheson, while the long-range human value of his good acts cannot be equated with those of the AAAA people. You may cite & further short list of men and women who may well fall into this very high group, when all the facts about their obstacles come to light. omit them solely through lack of full information on that score. Three strik- ing specimens are Herbert Hoover, Owen D. Young and James T. Shotwell. Herbert Hoover is the most puzzling case of all. He is positively AAA or AA. But which? I confess myself stumped, and mainly because of lack of precise information as to the obstacles which he encountered when organizing his war rellef work. That work still stands forth as the most brilliant chapter in his career, and the latter must be rated according to the part which his own personal will, alm, persistence, energy and intelligence &hynd in i{t. The op- rtunity came him by pure luck; lence, we cannot credit him for any- thing in our first factor. As for the smoothing of obstacles, to what extent was that really v:comrluhed by the potent arm of old Uncle Sam? = Here my ignorance thwarts me. Being in doubt, I cannot write three A’s oppo- site the President's name. Perhaps somebody else can., His Path Beset With Thorns. Owen D. Young is somewhat less of a mystery. His aim, from boyhood on- ward, was pretty clear and straight. But between the day of leaving school and the hour of glory, was his path be- set with thorns? Apparently not. But the evidence is inadequate. So we must leave him here with a small question against his name. James T., Shotwell's achievements in historical research are, in all probabil- ity, being overshadowed by con- structive statesmanship in world poli- tics. Ever since Locarno, the human significance of his aims and accom- plishments has been growing. As soon as the Committee of the Measuring Rod can ascertain how high have been the hurdles he has been forced to take, he can be rated in our Human Handicap. Fully a score of other distinguished Americans present similar perplexities to us. If they belong here some ad- mirers will bring forward the facts to prove it. This will doubtless occur very soon in the case of Lindbergh. That he is at least an AA man nobody can doubt. He aimed to fly oceans, and fly one he did—well, too. The obstacles, of course, were immense, but most of them were beyond human surmounting except by luck. What Capt. Frank Hawks sald of Coste’s flight recently applies equally to Lindbergh's: “A great display of nerve but a foolish thing to do * * * proving nothing except nerve and luck.” Over against this judgment, however, some of Lindbergh's friends make the point that the youth’s achievements after the flight have been of a still higher order, and we must refrain from rating him here until the evidence on that assertion is all in. Many other candidates may be urged for AAA rank. Let me explain why T vote against a few of them. “Surely, Al Smith belongs in this wing of the cathedral” declares an admirer. “Surely, be doesn't,” say I. Qualities Which Smith Lacked. A careful study of his career brings out unmistakakly that Smith had no clear, driving aXn early in life; hence no realization of any such aim. Not case for debate; but I stand firm on | t him in this class. Item: His aim, | to the Rockefeller Foundation, the | Can Be Determined With Fair Degree of Objective Accuracy. even after he rose high in New York State politics was any such aim appar- ent, even to professional ticians. Ina technical sense, therefore, his later success was aimless; that is, it grew out of large factors external td his own personal will. This is usually true in American politics. Furthermore, Al Smith rose to eminence mainly through the skillful workings of the Tammany organization; he had no important obstacles of the sort which he himself had to surmount by private endeavor. By a stretch of charity, we may rate him as an AA man. How about Charles Evans Hughes? A hard case to settle. But I finally pushed this distinguished jurist down to the AA class on two counts: First, he is by nature so brilliant that success in the law has been altogether too easy for him, and, secondly, he is nature so brilliant that failure in higl politics has been inevitable. Some of my university friends feel that E. L. Thorndike should be classed here. They point out that he has pur- sued his highly original aim of educa- | tional psychology with unusual clarity, | singleness of purpose and energy, 88 well as with genial ability. They | indicate that the social value of his work, while invisible to lay eyes, is tremendous. And his personal success is equally great. In reply, all that I | can say is that Ttorndike resembles | Hughes a little, in that his very bril- | liance has left' no serious obstacle to | be_overcome. I cannot take seriously the recom- mendation that Will Rogers be scored AAA. To class him with Chaplin as an entertainep of supreme social signi- ficance is, I believe, contrary to plain facts. First of all, Rogers drifted into his gag-line game by sheer accident, first on the stage and later in writing. Secondly, there were no obstacles, in in Wwhich we now use the term. The world did not give him battle at any stage while he tried to put himself across. Thirdly, I doubt the social value of his humor. A score of other names have been considered for AAA rating and turned down. Some of them should be de- bated on another occasion, but now we | must pass on to the great surprise. Listed in 2-A Group. 3 How many Americans rank as exceéls lent in some two of the four achieve- ment factors? 1 once thou(al}:rg leloul‘(! -nlwecr mt‘hul: uestion as faithfully as & eqnumer-tor. Now I know better. For there are thousands who belong in the | AA group. Everybody who has had & | clear, strong alm and has personally | succeeded in any distinguished endeavor, even though the latter has little human significance and was carried through easily, claims rank here. So, too, does everybody who, lacking clear aim, never= theless did something distinguished, with no obstacles busto w::)l; ram.uble hr;- man consequences. S0, t0o, does every= body who, with neither high aim nor personal success, overcomes immense obstacles and thereby accomplishes & great social . Here must be grouped the vast ma- jority of eminent Americans whose careers are recorded in “Who's Who." To publish their names would fill this newspaper. I can mention here only tome of those who surpass their fel- lows in one or two factors so decidedly that they might be seriously considered for AAA rating. Finance and Industry Class. In the realms.of finance, indust: and business we must mention as suc! outstanding figures the following: At least three of the Fisher brothers, all of the du Ponts, the two Van Swer~ ingen brothers, Samuel Insull, Edward L. Doheny, Dwight Morrow, John N. Willys, J. C. Penney, H Sinclair, Amadeo Gilannini, Alfred Sloan, jr. James A. Farrell, Charles M. Schwa David Sarnoff, Walter Chrysler, A. H. chfilln. ‘Thomas Lamont. 1 have been criticized for including Doheny and Sinclair here. But the critics confuse the issue. They object because they disapprove of these candi- dates on lofty moral grounds. But this is frrelevant, except when we weigh their social significance. A man can attain AA rank, however, without ever having achieved anything of great hu- man value. All he needs is a strong aim and will, great obstacles, and com- plete success in getting what he goes after. Had Al Capone not attracted the attention of people who dislike his methods his success to date might eastly have brought him into this class. { (Continued From Third Page.) the other corner. He knew more about this particular leverage problem than any engineer in the world.” Now, for three men to lift over 90 tons of pig iron in a single day is no pingpong soiree. Not when the units weigh up to 175 pounds each. Yet that was the task the recruit had to share. Eight days on the charging floor, from 6 am. until 3:30 p.m. weekdays and from 4 am. until 10:30 am. Saturdays was the curtain raiser for Hired Man McCormick. When he started his weight was 162 unds. A féw weeks later he had mrflened down to 150. “The work was the hardest thing I ever tackled,” he says. “My heavy leather gloves were torn to pieces, but thank heaven my back stood up. The second and sixth days were the hardest. I felt loggy all over. But a hot bath, supper and eight hours’ sleep enabled me to come back for more next day.” Adopts Workman's Lot. During these days of his nevitiate, amid the pungent odors of the foundry, an amalgam of dust, sand, core com- und, gas of the iron, etc.,, the Rocke- F:ller grandson snatch. = a lunch of sandwiches, sweet rolls and milk and began to live and feel like a workman A slow-speaking, deep-chested son of Scandinavia was foreman of the charg- ing floor. Charley by name. Charley supervised the feeding of the cupolas— starting points for the great masses of iron that go through the shop. His was | an important job, for the 1ality of the metal that goes into the manufactured machines is dependent upon the proper blending of the sérap, limestone and coke fed into the cupolas. Fowler McCormick Likes Manual Labor; Declares Workers Are Fine Fellows and she was very proud of her second- floor rear lodger. “He is just the same as the rest of my lads,” she explained, “except that he likes to go over to the Harvester Club, near the plant, and play the plano. He is a little different in other ways, too. He takes seven baths a week—seven baths, mind you! He gets $3 a day and lives on it and maybe g:x'.s something by, too. Nights he likes sit on the porch and smoke his pipe. Then he goes upstairs and reads before he goes to bed. Did you see his books? Must be 20 of them!” Scores of men in plants where Fowler has worked talked with me. In their own way they have invariably told me in effect: “We don’t look upon ‘Mac’ as a coming high mogul in big business, but as a good guy, willing to tackie any job, mnun! to learn and mlx;xly hel?ful around the place.” d as for “Mac” himself—he has come through the mill convinced that there is wonderful romance in business. “These fine fellows with whom I have worked have given me an insight into the real grandeur of man. No one should be afraid of America’s gigantic industries. Machines are not harmful. Only we must rememoper the human being is more important, more fasci- nating than the machine. The ma- chine is here to serve man. The ma- chine must always be subordinate. If we realize that—and never lose the hu- man touch—industrial Utopia for this c?ru’z_atry and for the world is not far McCormick’s eyes were alight. There is vision in this particular 51:1'\ man's #on. Keep your eye on him. Landowner’s Travels Cause Loss of Estate ‘The charging floor gang, Slav and Italian for the most part, tossed the ' heavy, gristled scrap into carts, wheeled the carts to the weighing platform, then dumped them into the great fur- | nace. In an incredibly short time these ugly chunks would be molded and cast Into things of beauty and utility. | Charley, the foreman, had been on the job 20 years, On the metallurgy sheets he wrote in his small careful | hand the proportions of the properties he hurled into the heat. y” I asked him, “did McCor- mick handle his job?” “Yes, he did,” replied Charley, his ht blue eyes warming. “He can have a job with my gang any time he wants one.” And so it went. From old Charle Peters, aged keeper of the gate, to the superintendent — bluff, “Old Man” to his 3,000 testimony was the same. “Mac a worker and a fine, likable lad. seems to be rising rapidly from rne ashes of rebellion, bitter dissension and ferment, with lecaders from the among the Oentral American nations themselves by treaty signed in Wash-|ing the way National University of Ireland point- to progress. In the mmmfi house where MeCor- mick lived Eli th Rosche and her hgx:l spoke sinilarly. widow Rosche & neat house, N It was high time that Dr. Menottl, a landowner in the Roman campagna, had convinced himself of the responsi- bility of the individual in the Fascist state. The responsibility of the afore- said individual these days, and even the ancient monuments of Rome know it by now, is not an individual, but & national responsibility. Dr. Menotti' ‘wanderlust surged in him lke a ge; set, whereu he packed his valises and traveled about in the remotest countries during the last six years. Meantime neglec e _story relcged t.fe nl:n;‘d the prefect of Rome,