Evening Star Newspaper, September 21, 1930, Page 31

= IRELAND IS PROGRESSING | [FOWLER McCORMICK TOILS WITH HANDS—AND LIKES IT DESPITE MANY PROBLEMS| Governnment Accomplishing Much To-| ward Stabilit Paying for Warfare. BY WILLIAM A. MILLEN. 'HAT has become of this Ire- land that used to blaze forth in headlines, giving fresh thrills daily to the American newspaper - reading public? The Cosgrave cabinet, in the Irish Free State, finds itself one of ths very oldest in Europe, having held office longer than the governments of France, Eng- land and many of the adjacent nations. Its friends say that the Irish Frce Btate government has done wonderfully well—has carried on government suc- cessfully in the midst of a civil war, now happily closed, and has shown it- 9:1f to be enterprising and w.deawale. Its enemies, found mostly in the Fianna Fail party, with which Eamonn De Valera is associated, insist that the Cosgrave cabinet is dog” too much, paying high salar’es like the larger nations and is remiss in its duty of bringing increased prosperity and more industries to the country, and altogether is too closely linked with England. Then, there is the complaint that two sets of government officials are being paid in Ireland-—one for the Belfast regime and the other for that in Dublin, Ireland has plenty to think about, these days. While the United States was experiencing an_ unprecedented | drought this Summer, Ircland, in com- mon with a large part of Western Eu- rope, was becing treated to a deluge of rain such as the oldest inhabitants say has not been duplicated within living memory. As 4 result of this downpour a crop output below the average is lookes for this harvest, for in many places the incessant rains' made hay-saving pre- carfous, and the potato blighf has been heavy, curtailing the growth of this most staple of Irish foods. Now “Paying the Fiddler.” High taxes are complained of in the Emerald Isle, for the people are now engaged in the none-too-pleasant task of footing the bill for the destruction caused in the recent guerilla warfare, Just who is to blame for this, it is hard to determine, for the Republicans blame the Free Staters, and vice versa. At any rate, the tax bills are gathering in the revenue to rebuild bridges blown up, railroad stations demolished and other evidences of vandalism. Signs of th's destruction have now practically disap- peared and the country is tranquil once more, but the unpleasant task of “paying the fiddler” has to be faced. In the fighting brother was pitted against brother, as was the case in our own American Civil War, with an aftermath equally as bitter in many instances. As a consequence the sub- ect of politics is taboo in many house- lds. But there is an election in the offing and already the various parties are trimming their sails for success. The Free State partisans say that the Re- blicans, even if they could win, would hard put to it in forming a cabinet, for apart from De Valera and one or two others they say it is a party of mediocrity. The Republicans retort that the Cosgrave cabinet has been too long in power already and this is a danger- ous situation in any country, tending to dictatorship. ‘The City of Dublin, the Iiish Free Btate capital, is about to change its form of government. Charged with being inefficient, the old corporation of Dublin was dissolved more than six g:ll;l ago and l'l’nnt ::en its lfllfl[‘l have managed by & te of com- missioners, ol Washingion. A recently passed law doubles the area of the old municipality and a council is to be elected the end of this month. ‘The newmcmmcl:twm direct municipal policy, while a city manager, associated ‘Wwith it, will take over the task of mak- ing contracts, control over employes, the execution of public works and the mnuon of budgetary estimates. An ation in the new program is that special representation is to be give business, for 5 out of the 35 men.:b:; of the council are to be elected on a commercial register. An effort is being made in Dublin to have the candidates divorced from party affliations and elected solely on the basis of aptitude | for civic duty. Commissioners Praised. ‘The three commissioners who have ruled the Free State capital for the past few years are being given a good send-off, for they are credited with| having 'fixed up the thoroughfares, built thousands of homes, established new communications, and made urban life better without vnduly burdening the taxpayers. Belfast, capital of the Northern gov- ernment, comprising the six counties of | Antrim, Down, Londonderry, Ferman- agh, Armagh and Tyrone, is likewise branching out, for it recently took over | control of the city's street cars and| es. The city fathers of the great| linen and ipbuilding center deter- | mined that street cars were being ham- pered by busses stopping in front of| them, s0 to eliminate a bad traffic sit-| uation decided on the municipal own- ership move. Inspectors board cars| and busses to check up on the con-| ductors, and passengers are required lo! keep their tickets so that they may be | « inspected when asked for. k The Irish Free State government is housed in the old Leinster House, which James Hoban used as the basis for his winning design for the White House. | The Northern government, temporarily occupying borrowed gquarters, is looking forward to entering its new home in a year or so. This is being constructed at Stormont, just on the edge of the city, on a terrace cut out of the slope of a hill which commands a wonderful view of the counties of Antrim and Down, Stormont Castle, official resi- dence of the prime minister, and the Speaker's house are located a short dis- | tance from where the new Parliament building is being constructed of Port- land stone with a plinth of Irish granite. See Single Government. What are the chances of having just onme government, instead of two, for the whole of Ireland? This is a subject upon which it is difficult to elicit comment, but many people in the Free State foresee that day rap- idly approaching, and they say that it is going to be brought about, not by politics, but by economics. At pres- ent, they assert, the six countles are hard hit by the customs barrier that shuts them out from the rest of Ire- land, for business men in the north- eastern area are finding that it is in- creasingly difficult to negotiate busi- ness transactions with Free State busi- ness men, who prefer to deal with in- terests in their own section of Ireland Irish farmers will tell you that prices for their products are at rock bottom. The Free State government is seeking to improve the quality of products sent to other countries and success is being achieved, particularly in the case of eggs and butter. Each must be tested by the exporter to Insure its freshness and then stamped and graded according to size and weight. Heavy lties attach to any attempt to trate the law. The Dublin Horse Show, early in August, threw its doors open to a rec- ord-breaking number of people. This brilliant display of fashion, business enterprise, horses and notabfes is_one of the great attractions on the Irish calendar. Hotels this year were fully booked, with a large number of Ameri- cans registered, as well as visitors from England and the Continent. One of the features of this year's show was the opening, by the governor general, of the exhibition of Irish industries in jbroke Hall, one of the additions st Ballsbridge, in Dublin, to the the Royal Dublin Soclety, “puting on the | | mediate | I , But Is Still which operates the show and wa founded in 1731. A public address sy |tem was put into commission to | quaint visitors with the progress of the | program over the far-flung grounds. The Irish industrial exhibition was od ind:x to what the nation i doing along this line. Hunting boo! | riding " breeches, pipes, whisl fur- | niture, bacon, tobaccos, fruit preserv | soaps,” cash registers, mineral waters, homespun suits, laces, fancy linens, stained glass, sculpture, shoe polish, | | cottage industries, including tweeds and kniiting, poplin, hosiery, agric: tural implements, printing, jewel pottery and leather craft, were among | the industries represented at the show. The Royal Dublin Soclety will cele- brate its bi-centenary next year, com- mencing on June 22, and its Spring and horse show of 1931 will be asso- | clated with its special celebrations. Testing New Battery. Ireland is agog over the possibilities the Drumm battery, invented by a young university professor. Exhaustive | tests are being conducted, with a view to ascertaining its usefulness and dura- bility for railway operation. The min- | ister for industry and commerce, M. McGilligen, recently made public a statement on the invention, in which | he explained that it is a low resistance alkaline battery cf robust construction; has 50 per cent higher vol existing alkaline batteries to its low resistance, it can be charged and discharged at much higher rates than existing batteries of this type; that the energy efliciency of the bat- tery is 75 per cent under practical conditions of operation; that its cur- rent efficlency is 95 per cent, and, due to its simple construction, should be comparatively cheap to manufacture. He pronounced tests conducted up to that time as being “eminently satisfac- " The Irish Free State govern-| ment is fostering the experiments being conducted with the new battery. ‘Work is being pursued on the Shan- non scheme by the Germanelectrical engineers, the main plant being located outside Limerick, at Ardnacrusha. Dublin and other centers are already cut in on the new electrical service, the two biggest consumers of electricity being_the Ford tractor works at Cork and the Dublin street car system. The Electricity Supply Board, the governmental agency dealing with this phase of the national life, is at work with a strenuous campaign to make the nation “electricity minded,” having its own show rooms in the provinces to teach communities the worth of uj to-date electrical equipment. The coun- try has a series of electricity arteries, 5o that the remotest areas will soon have an opportunity of using “juice,” but it is conceded that it will be some time before the farmers will catch on to the idea favorably. Ireland is looking with a longing eye to the business it anticipates will come with the Eucharistic Congress, which is to be held in Dublin in 1932, for seeking tourist business is getting to be one of Erin’s fortes. The Irish Tourist Association, Inc., and the Ulster Tourist Development Association are broadcast. ing loads of illustrated literature extol- ling the charms of a country that is noted for its charm and scenery. An American hotel enterprise is said to be negotiating for the construction of a chain of up-to-date hotels in the Emerald Isle, so that the country ma: compete the better with Switzerlan Prance, Germany and other areas be- loved of vacationists. Schools Improved. ‘The report just issued by the Irish Free State educational department has given rise to considerable comment. German has largely disappeared from the cunlcuhxmrhfiut‘ot':u;h n}odem lAnA- ages are coming in eir own. gmpuhnry school attendance law has been in operation for the past few years and is beginning to bring beneficial re- sults. Medical inspections are now car- ried out and improvement in the public health is expected to result from this systematic survey of the younger gen- eration. ‘Teachers are being required to teach various subjects in Geelic, theé ancestral tongue. Progress in this is rated as slow, but there is & determined effort to make this language live again in the | lives of the people and enthusiasm in ! this cause is keen. It will need a gen- | eration or two, however, before the full results are felt. In the secondary sys- tem of education there is more liberalily than formerly, the set text book pro- gram, prevailing under the old inter- system, now having been thrown overboard. The Summer school at University College, Dublin, a constituent college of the National University of Ireland, is a growing institution, and this year Americans and Germans predominated among the foreign groups. Lectures on Irish econcmics, language, history, liter- ature, archeology and other phases of Celtic life were delivered by regular professors of the university. The Ger- mans proclaim that they are treated better at Dublin than at Oxford and are coming to the Irish capital in in- creasing numbers. In Galway, in the west, Summer schools are conducted so that teachers may catch up on their study of Gaelic and the national police force, the civic guards, are being required to take courses in Gaelic as part of the Irish- Ireland policy. Swept by Dance Craze. Ireland, at the pl’esen(‘flme, is being dance craze, with a vari- waltzes being in the fore, the United States-made “talkies” American popular songs are as much in vogue in Dublin or Cork as they are | on the banks of the Wabash or around | the Golden Gate. American music is played in the dance pavilions and, due | to the fact that almost every Irish fam- | ily has relatives in the States, Ameri- | can products are given a hearty welcome | in old Erin. “Song o' My Heart,” fea- turing John McCormack, was exhibited |in one of the leading theaters on | O'Connell street in Dublin a whole | month before it was shown in Wash- | ington. The .movie houses (“cinemas” the Irish call them) are well patronized, for long lines wait outside the brilliantly lighted foyers to gain admis:ion to see Lon Chaney, Greta Garbo or some other American screen favorite. Film censorship is a subject that is getting the lion’s share of attention, for the Irish statutes prohibit the showing of certain types of films deemed detri- mental to the public welfare. | Ireland is interlaced with a network of busses and one may travel from one end of the country to the other at rea- sonable prices. A ride on the metropoli- tan “tram cars,” as the street cars are termed, can be obtained for 2 cents. As in other European countries, the average man in Ireland is unable to sport an dutomobile, although there is an Increasing number of privately | owned vehicles, many of them of Amer- ican makes. The high import duty of 33% per cent, with 22 2-9 per cent for British-made cars, is a bar to the more extensive use of automobiles and motor cycles among the Irish. Many Amer- icans visiting Ireland—and there was a goodly number this Summer—are taking | their own automobiles over with them on the liners. But the driving on the left-hand side of the road theie is a problem. Service from the automobile | associations is good, with wayside | telephones to summon mechanics or repairmen. Prohibition for Ireland, with models | W Who Have Achieved Most? A Glimpse Is Given at Those Americans Who Have Accomplished Much—How They Are Graded. BY WALTER B. PITKIN, | Author of “The Twilight of the American Mind." ete | HICH living Amcricans bave | achieved the most? This | question can be answered | with a fair degree of objec- | tive accuracy, It need not b2 A mere guessing contest, nor a ma- jority vote of uninformed opinion. For | an achievement can be analyzed and | measured. Achievement is not merely success. For success, as the dictionary so well says, is “the favorable termination of anything attempted.” A college boy passes his history examination. That's succes”. A girl, craving to see a “movie,” calls up a boy friend and in- vites him to invite her to see “Love's Purple Fringe.” That's success. A | stenographer, wearying of her job. speculates with her boss' money and makes $43,000. That's siccess. The varlety of sucoesses is infinite and tril- lions of them are trivial. But achieve- ment is quite another matter. Achievement is distinguished success- ful endeavor in the face of difficulties. It involves a certain superiority of aim. Then, too, it exhibits rare skill in exe- | cution. Finally.’ marked persistence | and energy appear in the conquering | of obstacles. An achievement must | score well in these respects to deserve | high rank As for the resulting success, it may be judged from two angles. We may measure it strictly in terms of the man’s aim and intent. Did he get what he went after? If so, that is a high order of success, of course. But | we may also pass social judgment on it. | Was_his aim wortby? In attaining it, has he accomplished anything of larger significance? Has his success any value to the world? Measures in Four Dimensions. So we measure achievement in four dimensions. And we grade it in_each. What has the individual striven to ac- complish? If a clear, well conceived, large_ambition, we score him A, in_our best Dun and Bradstreet manner. How vast his obstacles and how persistently has he fought to surmount them? If with apostolic zeal, we score him an- other A. How thoroughly has he ac- complished what he set out to do? Here comes a third A to bis credit, if he has won exactly what he wanted. How significantly and humanly valu- ! ness, able is his success? If very great, he wins a fourth A. Thus we migkt set up a credit rating of all American citi- zens, from the small AAAA group all the way down to—well, as far as you want to go, even as Dun and Brad- street. of America who score highest. Natu- rally, nobody can get at all the facts which determine their precise rating. My present list may have to be re- vised; but, as far as I have been able to get the facts, it is a faithful meas- urement. It is just like Dun and Brad- street again; a man may be rated too high or too low simply because we can- not get at the truth about him. The AAAA Group. Let us consider only living Ameri- cans. I find four and only four who wholly satisfy me as embodying all four achievement factors in the high- est degree. They are: Helen Keller, Thomas A. Edison, Orville Wright, Edward Acheson, Helen Keller's aim was to learn to know the world as a normally equipped person does. Her obstacles were deaf- dumbness and blindness. She tolled to overcome these with relent- less persistence throughout her long s I ended September 20: BRITISH COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS.—Statistics show a substan- ;lalddu:um of drunkenness in Eng- and. The round table conference on India | is o open in St. James Palace, London; | on_ October 20. The new Canadian Parliament, in | special session, is by way of passing an | emergency tariff measure affecting 130 | important items, the declared object | being a move to stimulate native indus- try, decrease unemployment and con- serve the Canadian markets for Cana- dian products. General tariff reyision is postponed to the coming regular session. The act provides that its ben- efits to producers shall not increase costs to Canadian consumers. “In the event of producers in Canada increas- ing prices in consequence of the im- position of any duties under the pro- visions of this act, the governor, in council, may reduce or remove such duty.” ‘The countervailing duties imposed by the Liberals and criticized by the Con- servatives as “placing the making of BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of affected in the hands of the United States Government” are abolished, being replaced by special duties almost equivalent to those imposed on like commodities by fhe United States, which is—what shall we say?—a less invidious manner of dealing. Of course, ‘Washington is very, very much interest- ed in the development, though equally, of course, there’s no such thing as a tariff war in process or in prospect. The development is scarcely favorable to the project of empire free trade. On September 30 the imperial conference opens at London. It promises to be a momentous meeting. A more correct name would be “conference of the Brit- ish commonwealth of nations.” Premier Hertzog of South Africa is expected to insist on a direction as to whether or not a member of the commonwealth has the right to secede therefrom. In its recent session the British Trades Union Congress Tesolved favorably, though in vague terms, toward the project of much closer economic ties among the members of the British com- monwealth of nations to involve fiscal discrimination against the rest of the planet. The matter is still 50 much in the air that the above seems a sufficiently precise statement of the congress’ attitude. The grand ques- tion before the imperial conference is that of economic relations among mem- bers of the commonwealth. It is prob- ably the most important question in debate in the world. x ok ok ok GERMANY.—The German elections of September 14 resulted in astound- ing gains for the National Socialist “Fasclsts,” or “Hitlerites,” the party of uncempromi‘ing opposition to the Ver- sailles treaty, to the Locarno accords, to the Young plan and to the project of European federation, to the Weimar constitution and the peace of Europe. In the late Reichstag they had 12 seats, in the new Reichstag they will have 107. Nor did the German Nationalist, the party headed by Dr. Alfred Hugen- berg, of complexion not so different from that of the Hitlerites, fare so badly as had been expected. The won 41 ceat, as agiinst 78 in the late Reichstag. No doubt most of their loss was the Hitlerites’ gain, but 5 seats are counted for by that number won by the Conservatives, the new party headed by Treviranus, a so-called “moderate” up which broke off from of whisky stills- being exhibited at in- dustrial events and Guinness’ Breweiy launched forth on p great advertising (Contintied on Fourth Page.) the Nation: and made a very disap- }mmln‘ showing, Treviranus himself ailing of election. ‘“Moderates,” if you al'zue. but in_the election cam y distinguished themselves by THESE FOUR AMERICANS ARE CHOSEN EMBODYING THE FACTORS THAT SAYS THE AUTHOR, CANNOT BE BY THE AUTHOR AS N ACHIEVEMENT. THE LIST, GTHENED. THOSE INCLUDED ME Li | ARE: UPPER, LEFT TO RIGHT. HELEN KELLER AND THOMAS A. EDI- | Let's begin with the men and women | the world for the seven nlysi | son |life. She succeeded in an unbelievable degree. Must T defend the social significance and human value of her achievement? My reply is that her moral and spiritual influence on thousands of handicapped souls has been and still |15 colossal. And her career | new vistas in the art of learning. | Edison and Orville Wright call for no comment. Each revolutionized civiliza- tion in his own way. and in the face |of immenge difficulties which were | overcome with will and wit. I hear the younger generation inquir- ing. Such is fame! Acheson is one | of the few key men who made possible {lhe new Machine Age. Without his main invention there could be no automobile, no airplane, no modern ar- tillery, no machine built of the tough alloys. For such metals cannot be worked except with some abrasive far more cutting than any which existed lent clamor for revision of the treaty of Versailles, espeeially as regards the Polish corridor. The Communists somewhat strikingly exploited the unemployment situation, winning 76 seats, as against 54 in the late Reichstag. The Socialists, largest of the parties, sustained a serious re- verse. To be sure, they lost only a few i | | | | opened | | *"But Edward Acheson—who s he? | ; LOWER, ORVILLE WRIGHT AND EDWARD ACHESON. | before Acheson invented carborundum The difficulties, the setbacks, the Josses and the disappointments which Acheson experienced in the course of | his inventive career make the mishaps of Mr. Ulysses seem like a child’s bumps and bruises. I can find no fifth American to add |to this brief list. I find some whose achievements are nearly as significant, but more easily won, or else attained 'largely by luck. They appear in the next group. To enter this group a candidate may lack excellence in any one of the four factors of achievement. Hence we find here some men who lacked supreme vision and will power, some who lacked the highest persistence, soi who lacked obstacles and some who may score high as personal successes but somewhat lower as contributors to the world’s progress. I feel sure of the following names: Mrs. John Macy, John Dewey, Clifford Charlie Chaplin, The Story the Week Has T course, a terrible day for the bour- geois group, a terrible day for the Bruening government, and it is an ob- vious inference that the only genuine | assurance for republicanism and the | Weimar constitution lies in a strong co- alition betwen these parties and the So- | clalists, who fairly correspond to Eng- lish left Liberalism. Only thus is it felt seats, but, for the first time openly may be grappled with much success the supported by the labor federation, they | combination of Hitlerism and Hugen- had expected a_substantial gain. Ap- | bergism, anti-reparations, anti-Parlia- parently their losses were the Com- ment, pro-dictator, etc. with the Com- munists' gains, as these losses were | mupists always ready to promote trou- mostly made up by accessions from | ble. bourgeois parties. | Thirty-nine of the victorious candi- | dates ate women. The following partial * ok K seems to be moving as rapidly as pos- ARGENTINA —The new government | | figures of the popular vote are interest- | ing: Soctalists, 8,572,000; Fascists (Hit- lerites), 6,401,000, Communists, 4,578, | 000; Centrists, 4,129,000; Nationalists, |2,458,500; People’s party, 1,576,000; Eco- | nomic party, 1,360,500; Staatspartel, 1,322,500; Bavarian People's party, 1,508,500; total votes, 34,944,000. It is seen that the polling was heavy. ‘The total Reichstag seats is 576 (491 for the late Reichstag). It was, of | ___(Continued From First Page.) | sumer, except of the food of charity. So that by lifting restrictive immigration we should be deadly certain of admit- ting competitors of American labor, WIJ\ the further certainty of reducing the consuming power of our own work- ers through the inevitable lowering of wages. . There is a further economic answer to this supposedly economic argument. One of the reasons why we have this condition of overproduction or under- consumption is that we have refined our processes of massed output to the point where we employ more machines and fewer human workers. Beyond tors entering into recent unemployment. That is, while producing ever more, we tend to reduce the number of earners, and to that extent we lower the con- suming power of those already in our country. This process is one of our gravest economic problems, and it will continue with us until we master its solution. New inventions and new in- dustries are relieving this, of course, but if we had reason to establish restrictive immigration as an emergency measure in 1921, we have every reason to main- tain it now as a permanent policy. The long view of it, in my estima- tion, is that we are serving both our- selves and other countries in keeping their workers at home for the develop- ment of their own prosperity. Re- strictive immigration is thus a double service to the American worker. It saves him from dangerous competition with an excess working population here at home. And the process stands to provide us in the long run with more consumers than ever, For as other countries prosper, they become better prospective markets for our products. Thus the way to convert potential im- migrants into consumers of American is to keep them where they are and not admit them here in numbers that would wreck our entire system of production. In the immediate present America must keep herself free to maintain the posi- tion that conditions have given her in the modern industrial world—that of the pioneer, leading and showing the Here we have developed the jon and distribution of wealth on a scale not yet attained elsewhere, and in a world esger to f ] wealth without having emulation of our high-wage m: ethods. ‘We must allow other countries to share | Lid on the Melting Pot the Canadlen tariff on the commodities | question this is one of the serious fac- | sible to rid itself of its military char- | acter or, at any rate, appearance. It | will be recalled that it replaced civil- | fans by army and navy officers as gov- | ernors of 12 out of 14 provinces. "B | the 12th instant it had substituted ci- | vilian juntas for its recent appointees. | We are told that the new government had decided that former President Iri- goyen must remain within Argentine in this wealth of ours only on such terms as do not endanger our Ameri- can workers or the employers who pay them this high American wage. Until other countries have mastered the same means of enriching themselves | and have lifted their workers to parity | with our own, the American worker, | without a tariff and without limited | immigration, is not safe in what he I has gained. The two are twin neces- sitles in his protection. ‘The tariff ves our millions of workers from | competition outside the country; lim- | ited immigration saves them from an even worse competition here at home. | They-are equally important. Benefiting All Others. In maintaining this stand we are not | ralding others to benefit ourselves, but | again are benefiting all others. The | world itself would be damaged by any | damage we permitted to America. It | is our strength in money, in energy and inventive gifts that constitutes the ‘major part of the impefus now carrying the world to new enrichment through industrial progress, and any impair- | ment of our strength would be felt far outside our own confines. If by any whim we should one day abandon limited immigration and the tariff, I tremble for the American worker and for the country itself. Our industrial system has been tuned up to produce 25 per cent more than we can consume in this richest of all markets. This system relies more and more on machinery and less on human skill. It | tends to dispense with workers, to give | us a lasting unemployment problem, and thus to shrink consuming power. Un- | questionably this tendency enters into creation of the existing hesitation in the Nation's business. We shall go on in business and eventually solve the problem of keeping our millions of workers employed while still getting the best effects of mass machine production. | But it is going to be something of a job. Those who would add to this grave difficulf; d the full-pay envelope by lifting on immigration and letting in hordes of raw allens to dispute the American workers' right to bread and butter should ask themselves how they like the present business slackness. For by subjecting our workers to any such hopeless scramble for jobs they would David Wark Griffith, William H. Welch, Janes Addams, the Mayo brothers, Henry Ford, John D. Rockeieller, sr. Mrs. John Macy, who taught Helen | Keller, belongs here no less surely than | does Henry Ford. Indeed, a pretty strong case might be put up in favor of promoting this extraordinary woman to the AAAA group. And there I might place her but for my feeling that her efforts to overcome obstacles must have been incomparably less than | those of Helen Keller, and I say that without in the least belittling them. Notable Programs Outlined. John Dewey set out as a young man with neither wealth nor influence to think his way through the world. His obstacles did not measure up to those of the AAAA group. They were chiefly the burdens of a vast deal of routine teaching and administrative work in college. Throughout half a hundred years he pursued his goal without swerving. He became the most distin- guished American philosopher. And —what is far more pertinent to our present rating—he gave a new direc- tion to American_education, from top to bottom. He has probably shaped the thinking of more thinkers than any other American, past or present. Long after the fortunes of the Fords, | Rockefellers and Duponts have gone the way of all cash, the thoughts of Dewey will be earning extra dividends. | Here, too, belongs Clifford Beers, | who, having been committed to an insane asylum, observed the deplorable | lack of proper care and re-education | for smitten minds and, with amazing | clarity of vision and persistence, under- took to create the Mental Hygiene movement, one of the most significant | institutions of our era. Here belongs Charlie Chaplin. His | social significance is immense, perhaps | even yet underrated. In alsense he has the same claim to rank here that the Mayo brothers have, in that he has lightened the burden of life for per- haps as many as a billion people. He misses membership in the highest class for a clear and sufficient reason: In his early life he never set out to ac- complish one-tenth as much as he actually did achieve by sheer uncon- sclous artistry. None would admit this more promptly than he. Griffith Added to Galaxy. Add to the galaxy David Wark Grif- fith, one of the few geniuses of the screen, The social value of his achieve- ments, from “The Birth of a Nation” | down to “Lincoln,” is high; but I can- not bring myself to believe that it equals Chaplin's. Over against his, Griffith’s clear artistic aim and his | technical difficulties surpass the philo- sophic_comedian’s by a wide margin. William H. Welch is one of the founders of scientific medicine and medical-ecearch in America. His Johns Hopkins laboratory it was which pro- duced such outstanding men as Osler, Walter Reed and many others who | have driven disease from mankind. The human value of Welch's work, not alone in his specialty, pathology, but in aggressive organizing and campaign- ing, fixes his rank with us. Jane Addams hardly calls for a | panegyrist. Under our cold measuring rod she misses out in the AAAA group simply because the obstacles to the real- ization of her vision of Hull House were not very great. But the vivid rigor of her aim, the personal success of it and the importance of it to all America in- | sure her position in this next-to-the-top class of achievement. The Mayo brothers, whose work in | surgery is world fam urely belong l (Contf age) inued on Fourth Page) old jurisdiction, but all other political pris- oners are to be freed. FER e UNITED STATES.—Federal revenues of the first 77 days of the current fis- | cal year totaled less than those of the | corresponding period of the previous | fiscal year by $117,941,695. | ™ Former Secretary of State Frank B. | Kellogg has been elected by the League | Assembly and Council a judge of the | World Court to fill the vacancy caused | by the resignation of Charles Evans | Hughes. | “secretary Wilbur has renamed Boulder Dam “Hoover Dam.” | “Boston has been celebrating, with | a mighty historical pageant and in sun- | dry other ways the three hundredth | anniversary of her foundation. We | should not, because Boston is in a | crepuscular’ phase, allow ourselves to | forget that she has really played & mentionable role in our history. At | any rate, she gave the only now bore- | some tea party known. | On September 13 the series of Ameri- | ea’s Cup races opened off Newport. The | American Enterprise beat the British | Shamrock V by 2 minutes 52 seconds. Light breeze, smooth sea, a condition supposed to be favorable {o the Sham- rock 30-mile course. The Enterprise led by 2 minutes and 4 seconds at the | end of the first leg, gaining 48 seconds coming back. The second race, on the 15th, was a walkover for the Enter- prise, which won by 9 minutes and 34 seconds, triangular course off Newport. Especiaily did Enterprise show marked superiority in windward work. ~After the first race one ton of lead was taken out of Shamrock, but was put back after the second race. The change | proved a_ mistake. The yacht's nose often wallowed during the ‘second race. In the third race, on September 17, the Enterprise won a hollow victory. The Enterprise leading by about a quarter of & mile and gaining steadily, breeze 12 knots, when the Shamrock’s main halyard parted at the sheave at | the head. Down came the main sail. | The Enterprise completed the course. | On September 18 Enterprise won the | fourth and final of the series by 5 min- | utes and 44 seconds. On September 12, in the National Tennis_Singles Championship Tourna- ment, William Tilden, seven times win- ner of the title, lost o John Hoe Doeg, the 21-year-old blond giant of Califor- nia. by beating in the finals the redoubtable | New York schoolboy, 19-year-old Fran- cls Shields, whose playing has been the most remarkable of recent developments in the tennis world. The struggle be- tween Doeg and Shields was a terrific one over four sets, the score of the last being 16—14. The West boasts the championship for the first time since William Johnston won in 1919. - THE LEAGUE.—The League Assem- bly has directed the formation of a committee representing 27 European states, which during the coming 12- month shall prepare concrete proposals looking to closer collaboration between those states, and which shall work in close liaison with the League secreta- riat. The resolution Au?usu that M. Briand’s famous memo of last May and the various replies thereto of the ers serve as the basis of the committe’ work. It does not use the word federa- tion. So far has M. Briand's project progressed. * ok ok K NOTES—Strikes continue on a seri- ous scale in Spain. Our Government has recognized the revolutionas vernment of Argentina, Peru and Bolivia. Our Government, an- nounces Secretary Stimson, “is satisfied that these governments are de facto in control of their respective countries, and simply be making this slack time perma- nent and infinitely worse than i mru? there is no active resistance to their e’ BY JOHN K. WINKLER. IOWLER McCORMICK showed me his hands. Large, well shaped, with the spatulate fingers of a musician, the young man’'s hands were plowed with the ingrained grime of the manual laborer. No amount of scrub- bing could remove those . significant marks, like powder striations on white paper. “Those biscuit snatchers do look as though they'd been through the mill, don’t they?” he chuckled. “But I have an idea they'd show up lily white in comparison with those of some of my family a couple of generations ago. Grandfather McCormick worked with his hands all of his life. So has Grand- father Rockefeller. He is never happier than when he has a trowel and an old pair of work gloves and is planting trees or transplating shrubbery. Hands were made to work with, physically. I wouldn't trade the hard manual labor I have done for anything in the world.” Fowler McCormick, 31, heir to many millions, son of Harold F. McCormick, grandson of two American industrial planets, Cyrus H. McCermick and John D. Rockefeller, is concluding a remarka- ble_experiment. For five yearss with brief intermis- sions, he has been taking a degree in life in various machinery manufactur- ing works of the International Har- vester Co. controlled by his family. During the greater part of this period der to shoulder with the workmen. Six mornings a week at 5:45 or earlier he has been awakened by the impera- tive br-rrr of an alarm clock in work- ingmen’s rooming houses, and, in Win- ter’s chill and Summer’s heat, he has joined lines of laborers and mechanics 'hustling past gate tenders and time- keepers, tions awaiting him, he says: “The American workingman is the finest and most democratic chap on earth. He is always willing to meet you half way if you don’t ‘ritz’ him or |try to shoulder your task onto him. ‘Word Quickly Spread. “In the half-dozen plants where I have worked, in Nebraska, Ohio, Wis- consin, Indiana and elsewhere, word he has worn overalls and labored shoul- | | Now, with important executive posi- Grandson of Two Industrial Magnates Finds Workers Fine Fellows Unless “You Ritz ’Em.” while Fowler plays sentimental ballads and favorite hymns upon the great organ. The young man is not a musical snob and has even been known, at ine formal gatherings, to take the lead in & quartet redition of “Sweet Adeline.” At Princeton, McCormick headed the Triangle Club. He led the orchestra on concert tours and refused several flat- tering offers to turn professional. He aduated from Princeton in 1921. Fol- lowed several years of travel, chiefly in Europe—and a long, long, struggle with himself. He yearned to lead the life of a scholar and an aesthete. But sound, practical sense told him that his job lay with the Harvester Co. If he followed the lighter things of life, as his father had done for many years, he knew the world would say: “Oh, just another rich man’s son. Good stock once, but look at it now. Going to seed.” Fowler fought out his problem and solved it. On Washington’s birthday, 1925, young McCormick alighted from a train in Milwaukee. He wore his oldest suit and overcoat. He carried a large, box- | like suit case. It contained a pair of | corduroy trousers, a sweater, heavy | shoes, socks, khaki shirts, underwear, toilet articles and a few books. $4-a-Week Room. An hour later, out on the South Side, the young man’stood in a two-flights- up lodging house room and said to the | landlady: “I'll take this room. T can afford to pay $4 a week. Iam going to work to- morrow for the International Harvester Co.” ‘The Widow Rosche expressed the hope that her new lodger would work up to a position of eminence equal to her | late husband’s, who had been a molder and earned $7 and $8 a day. | Thus Fowler McCormick ~overnight | stepped out of his environment as & | rich man’s son and become a workman, | And in Wisconsin, of all places. Wis- consin, citadel of the late Robert Mar- |ion La Follette and of Victor Berger! Wisconsin, where the very urchins carry Marxian monographs in pockets designed for marbles, dice and Nick Carters. |~ Very simply, McCormick told me why | be had decided to enter an alien world soon got around that I was ‘McCor- |and why he had decided to live with mick’s son.’ But the men of my various | and become one of the toilers in the gangs displaved neither servility nor |gre:t manufacturing enterprise of his contempt. No fraternity brothers could | family. have been more helpful. I know thou-| “The urge in my blood was toward sands of Harvester workmen as Joe and | real Wi he . “All my Jerry, Tom and Harry, and they know me as ‘Mac’ I am proud of their friendship. “Most men who work with their hands are a great deal happier than problem - ridden, _ often _neurasthenic rain workérs. The manual laborer does not suffer from what Arnold Ben- nett calls the ‘collisions of existence.’ He is physically healthy. Food isn’t 4‘just something to eat. It's a glorious boon satisfying the system's craving. And sleep is a gift of the gods. “The working man is not a machine, but a very human human being. He { looks at life about the same way any | other human being does. He doesn't require pampering nor will he stand for being treated as a robot. From the employer’s standpoint too much senti- | mentality toward the men who work for | him is as bad as too little heart. The | problem is largely one of individuals. | There is a damn big difference between individuals. In industry, as everywhere | else in life, there are men that want | to work, others that just want to get by. “The good worker (and he is over- whelmingly in the majority) is entitled to preferential treatment over the loafer. Any industrial scheme which would benefit all workers equally, regardless of merits, would be a proper reward to the man who does good work. But it would be nothing more than a dole to | those who don’t. Doles have never suc- | ceeded and never will. Rome triec it, | and it diun’t work. Contemporary Eng: !land has tried one form of dole to her sorrow.” | “Does the average working man want to do his job well?” “You bet he does,” was the emphatic reply. “And he has a tremendous amount of pride—pride in himself, pride in the organization for which he works.” Scene in Restaurant. It was early in the morning. We were perched on stools in a white-front | restaurant near an International Har- vester factory. While the brawny egg bartender fried four guaranteed new laids for our breakfast, McCormick Jheld a match to his pipe. The flame illumined a youthful, eager face, high, wide forehead, deep, dark eyes. 1 asked: | forefathe | When T ¢-t~mined that it was my duty en in the family’s prineipal | busines= &n4 to learn it thoroughly | from _the ground up, and in every | branch, it seemed the sporting thing | o live as my fellows lived. I wanted to see things from the inside, from the | viewpoint of the men. I couldn't get | what -I was after if T merely went | around postng. It would be like hiring | & double to do my work.” | My friend’s experiment interested me | tremendously. As the months and the | years passed and he went through plant ‘nfier plant and department after de- | partment, taking the hard licks as they | came, I realized that he meant business. | Now he has mastered every mechanical | end of a complicated business. I kept | up with him and once visited him for & | week. I saw where and how he lived | and worked, ate, slept and had his | being. I talked with scores of the 3,000 men and boys in overalls who dally | thronged the bleak, black Harvester | buildings that cast their somber | shadows over a valley and at night seem |like tired Titans resting on their haunches. Gap Not Unbridgeable. | That week taught me a lot. I learned | there is no vnbridgeable gap between | the individual capitalist and the in- dividual workman, when the former shows a decent, honest desire to under- and the latter and is willing to learn | as_well as “boss.” In half a dozen plants, scattered throughout the country, where he has Inbored and helped to turn out trucks, thrashing machines, ceparators and other vroducts, McCormick has learned. | Now he knows his business and he | knows his men, He is ready to take | his place at heéadquarters. He knows | the problems of the workmen and will | be able to deal with them as an execu- | tive. And thousands of the men know | him as a fellow workman and a square- | shooter. Those vears of practical labor | have been fruitful. | One morning, so early T felt-like a sleep walker, we strollei down to a | lunch room for breakfss'. A touch of | to carr “What have you found the avera ‘The next day Doeg won the title Iim'l:lng man wants more than anything else?” “What every responsible man wants, flashed back the grandson of two famous men of wealth. “A wage large enough to support his family comfortably or as much more as he can earn. Also he wants good working conditions. I don't mean just cleanliness, good lighting, lavatory, showers. He wants his em. ployer to give him the best he has in return for his best: Good materials, good machinery, efficlent foremen and other executives he comes into intimate contact with.” ‘The day before, in the factory, I had been talking with a little Scotchman named Jimmie, a foreman molder, chockful of personality, whose family on both sides of the Atlantic for genera- tions have wrought in iron. Jimmie said in tones that still held the heathery r-r-r's of Aberdeen: ‘A man wants a well run company to work for. If his tools an’ his mate- rials are good, he can do the work he is here for an’ earn the money he is entitled to. McCormick developed this point: “If you were working on a lathe or a drill press, you'd demand good quality materials and speedy delivery so there'd be no hitch in your work. Look at those molders, handlin, 90-pound buckets of liquid metal. They have got to have good hot iron coming to them 50 their castings be perfect and not thrown on the scrap pile to count against them. ‘Take that splendid drop-hammer man we saw in the forge shop. He is man of quality, lineal successor to the village smithy Longfellow immortalized. He ts good oil. If he gets good oil, he won't have to wait for cold steel or have his steel burned when it comes under the hammer. It's the function of the management to see that he gets good oil.” Sparkle in His Eyes. As he talked there was a sparkle of romance in McCormick’s eyes.” One could twirl the ball and visualize young Cyrus McCormick, in the Valley of Vir- ginia, tinkering early and late about a blacksmith shop and delighting his sturdy Scotch-Irish father, in the harvest of 1831, by driving a horse at- tached to a queer looking instrument into a field of rye and demonstrating that grain could be cut by a me- chanical reaper. Another spin of the crystal and one could envision young John D. Rockefel- ler, in 1847, aged chore boy on a Central New York farm, coaxing into plumpness a flock of turkey gobblers and hens and investing the proceeds at 10 per cent. Perhaps it isn't such a far cry, after all, from Grandfathers McCormick and Rockefeller of 1831 and 1847 to a Midwest machinery shop in the year 1930! Fowler McCormick did not come hastily into his decision to go into | the shops. His instincts were artistic | and inventive. He has patented a | color telegraph code system. He is a splendid musiciap and has composed more than passable music. Upon oc- g€ | approaching Summer wes in the air, | A laggard sun was slowly forcing its | way through the earlv murk. Dozens of men, some in black flannel shirts, coat- | less, spoke or exchanged smiles with | McCormick. There was no strain in the greeting. After breakfast McCormick reported for work in the foundry. Here one was | entranced by the melody and color of labor. Carl. a veteran molder, a Hercules with kindly eyes, was foreman of | Fowler’s gang. Carl remembers the day | when men of his trade were like journeymen printers andjwandered the | country over, driven parfly by lack of | steady” employment, partly by that vision of the faraway that comes to even the most prosaic at times. I noticed the men seemed to look upon Carl as college freshmen look upon the captain of the foot ball team. At luncheon in the plant restaurant, where those around us were consumin sauerkraut as though it had been breas of squab, I spoke to McCormick about the apparent desire for leadership. “It's & fact,” he commented. “The average ‘worker wants to be able to look up to the man at the head of his department, the man at the head of his factory, his general organization. He likes to feel that his superior knows his business.” From my talks with the men I gathered the impression that lack of steady employment was their principal worry. So I shot at McCormick: “Soon you will have considerable to say about the welfare of 40,000 to 50,~ 000 men. How are you going to guar= antee the capable, faithful head-of-a= family workman a steady job?” “That’s a real problem,” he replied, “perhaps the toughest we have. Thg workingman doesn't understand nomic curves or the laws that gover supply and demand. “All he knows {3 that there is a fatter pay envelo) when the factory is rushed. He'd i to feel that so long as he does work there will be a job for hi ‘There should be. Some sort of balanc. ing system, T feel, ought to be and will be worked out.” On his first jobs McCormick had to fight through or quit. He fought through. If you have ever tackled a heavy physical job when your muscles were & bit soft and your back out of training, just visualize what he was up against, for instance, throughout the long hours of his first day in the qu?d;y. o “I don’t know how I'd have ten through if it hadn't been for .'(:xtm' Italian who worked mext to me on my first job,” he recalled recently. “I was assigned to_a gang on the charging floor. The floor gang has to hurl great chunks of pig and scrap iron and other metal into the cupola. The cupola is & great melting chimney through which ;‘m;{u a flame of 2,400 degrees eft. “This little Italian saw me blunder- ing along, straining like a tug o' war anchorman. He realized that I was green—Ilet me tell you. I was—and he showed me a trick of slipping one hand under a corner of the big of casional week end visits to Pocantico Hills, John D. sits entranced for hours p e metal and setting the other hand under (Continued on Fourth Page)