Evening Star Newspaper, September 7, 1930, Page 30

SUNDAY STAR ). €. SEPTEMBER 7, 1930—PART TWO. THE EVENING STAR |18 & doubt s to the actusl need of | byt it this great storm which has taken With Sunday Mor Editlon. WASHINGTON, D. C. SBUNDAY......September 7, 1930 ‘Within the City. faiastoc per month -60¢ per month siar (w) indays) 5¢ por month The Sunday Btar ..o oy S per coby liection made at the each menth. Qiders may be sent in by mall or \elephone Ational 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 7 and unda: 1 yr., $10.00: 1 m s iy yr.. "$6.00: 1 mo.. S0 unday only . 1¥r., $4.00; 1 mo., 40¢c All Other States 8 1yr 8¢ S0c Member of the Associated Press. Associated Press is exclusively entitled use for republication of all news Gis- dited to Jt or not otherwise cred- d also the local news . All rights of publication of dispatches herein are also ‘eserved. to pul specis M. Briand’s United States. M. Briand’s grandiose scheme for a United States of Europe has emerged from the incubator. It has just been presented to the delegates of the twenty-seven continental nations and Great Britain summoned to convene at Geneva tomorrow for consultation on the proposed federation of Europe. As anticipated the plan calls for a Pan- Buropean Customs Union. It is thus essentially economic, rather than politi- cal, in character; as M. Briand fore- shadowed in September, 1929, when the project was first mooted. Although M. Briand and his collabo- rators have studiously refrained from admitting that the proposed confedera- tion is aimed at American trade, our invasion of the European market has at all times bulked conspicuously in their considerations. When the bud- ding Customs Union held its first ses- sion at the French foreign office in July, under M. Briand's driving aus- pices, the new American tariff came in for some plain speaking. Proceedings were held in executive session, but enough leaked out to indicate that there was vigorous assertion of the principle that the Old World must present a umited front against the “in- Justice” of the Hawley-Smoot act and ‘Yankee competition in Europe. For these, if for no other reasons, this week’s developments at Geneva will re- celve vigilant attention in the United States. ‘To the general theory of protective tariffs in defense of home markets in Europe, this country has least of all others any right to object. Sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. Nor ean any American have anything but sympathy with the European Customs Union’s suggestions for eliminating artificial tariff barriers and other ob- stacles which obstruct a free exchange of goods among continental countries. American trade, no less than that of Europe, stands only to profit by clear- ing the economic trafic jam “over there.” Meantime there is no occasion for the exporters, farmers and manufac- turers of the United States to don sackeioth and sshes, “There. Will “be many e slip ‘twixt the cup and the Up at Geneva, and at the European capitals, before M. Briand’s United Btates takes its place in history, an sccomplished fact. Many of the for- eign ministers, who are at the League of Nations' headquarters this week, at- tached very important. reservations to their assent, in principle, to the French statesman’s enterprise. Great Britain voiced the reluctance of several governments when she expressed dislike of any plan that would seem either to duplicate or hamper the League. Germany has always in mind, ‘when any new amalgamation of Europe is in prospect, a revision of the treaty of Versailles. Italy has registered some views of the same kind. M. Briand faces opposition even from powerful forces within his own government, which fear that the policy of “concilia- tion” may be carried too far to suit the interests of a France honeycombed with suspicion of ber neighbors across the Rhine and beyond the Alps. ———e——————— ‘Transportation grows in importance a2 & means of relleving economic dis- tress. When production fails in one area another shows an abundance and what at first seemed a threat of famine becomes a problem of distribution. Government Records. It was announced last week that work on the demolition of the buildings in the square north of the new Com- merce Department will be delayed a few days to permit the removal of & quan- ity of old records and files that have been accumulated in certain of the structures, which have been used for several years past as annexes of the Tressury Department. There are tons of this material, letters, memoranda, yeports, some of it running back for a decade or more, all “current” in the sense that it pertains to twentieth cen- tury business, and yet probably not ten per cent of it is likely ever to be consulted again. Nevertheless, it must be kept as a safeguard against errors or injustice. One of the buildings projected in the new structural program of the Gov- ernment is designed as a Hall of Ar- ehives. Its need has been urged for many years. It is now planned to place it on the site at present occu- pled by the Center Market. If the les- son taught by Saturdsy's fire is fully learned work on it will start immediate- 1y. ‘There will, in effect, be two struc- tures, an outer one of monumental character, to conform to the architec- tural scheme of the Government’s build- ing group, and an inner, plainer housing, for accumulated materials of & non- current character. The building is planned upon s generous scale. But it 48 mot assured that it will suffice to hold all the documentary materials of the Government that are not needed for speedy reference in the course of cur- rent business for an indeterminate period of years. If it is necessary to keep this con- stantly increasing mass of papers and baoks, the records of the Government's sctivities, much of it might just as well be placed in a warehouse out of relation to the administrative group of build- § ings now in development. But there keeping all of these records. 80 heavy a toll in the West Indies can ably three-fourths of the material| pring belated relief it will spare this could be destroyed without an appre- | country from & considerable part of ciable percentage of chance of injury | these losses. to public interest. Yet the administra- tive authorities are loath to recom- Steps Well Directed. mend and Congress is unwilling to ap-| , step in the right direction has been prove such destruction. taken by a local dalry firm which is SELF-FORGETFULNESS BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, Bishop of - Washington. } Capital Sidelights Congress has just had published a book, aveliable to all the people of the coun- | trv. cn “The Byrd Antarctic Exposition 'and Pirst FUght to the Soutn Pole,” {vhich emphasizes the realizatio dealings with others. Now and Again | 50orge -~ Washington's prophecy s ‘we meet some one whose whole bearing | aerial navigation would become useful portrays ingenuousness and utter sin- 11 mankind, and which carries a brief Text: “He beholdeth himself, and goeth his way, and straightway, for- getteth what manner of man he < | record material. For a long time the Government has been moving around from house to house in its administrative organiza- tion, and every time it has moved by bureaus or by departments it has had to teke care of these rapidly growing masses of paper materials, which con- stitute a serious fire risk, and which are a dangerous dead weight in any but the stoutest of modern construc- tions. It would be interesting to know the present tonnage of all this mass of For a long time the Government has been paying rent for much of it, adding heavily to the bill | written against the Federal adminis- tration on theé score of its inadequate housing. Occasionally proposals are made for a systematic clearing out of the old records of the Government, but they come to naught, and with each post- ponement or rejection the problem in- creases as the volume of Government business grows and the mass of record material grows with it. With the erec- tion of the Hall of Archives and the | assemblage in it in good order of the | Government files of non-current rec- ords. opportunity will be afforded for a systematic study of these papers primarily to make them more available for historical research, which is today made almost impossible by dispersal and unsystematic keeping. ——— Forty-Hour Sea Planes. In the course of an extended state- ment printed in yesterday's Star Dieudonne Coste, pilot of the Ques- tion Mark, the first heavier-than-air craft to be flown Westward across the Atlantic to North America, discusses the future of transatlantic aviation. He holds that the small plane will be the principal agency of carriage by air rather than the dirigible or the great plane of the Do-X type. Speed, he maintains, is the first requirement for transoceanic service. No one, he says, is going to make a success of commercial transatlantic aviation un- less he can provide reliable service at & very substantial saving of time over the four or five days in ‘which the express ocean liner now makes the crossing. His “guess” is that forty hours is the minimum that will pay and he declares that if aircraft cannot pro- vide reliable forty-hour service they are beaten before they start. Both Lindbergh and Coste made the air crossings in less than forty hours, so that the French pilot’s figure of mini- mum transatlantic commercial flight is not an unreasonable estimate. 1t is especially interesting to note that he expects the air passage of the At- lantic to succeed only on the basis of an economy of time. This is in keep- ing with the history of oceanic naviga- tion. The demand ever since the adop- tion of steam as marine motive power has been for more and more speed. ‘The “eight-day ship” was in its day the marvel of the sea. Then the seven- day bodt and so on to the present “grey- hound” service which seems likely to be reduced but little if any more. Having reached this point of the prac- tical limit of steaming speed, the makers of transatlantic liners are turn- ing to the provision of comforts and luxuries for the attraction of patronage. ‘The airplane ocean transport of Coste’s ideal will, he believes, not make the crossing in a single “hop,” but will make “quite a few” stops. He does not specify where these may be, whether on natural islands or arti- ficial landing points such as have been projected in theory, but have not yet been attempted in practice. The object of such a course with interrupted flights is to lessen the fuel load in order to increase the pay load of the plane. It has been demonstrated that planes can be flown in both directions across the Atlantic. It remains to be demonstrated that they can be flown across commercially as passenger trans- ports without loss. In the light of the aviation developments of the past decade it is foolish to doubt the ar- rival of the transatlantic service plane of Coste's vision. i S i ‘There may be some reasonable doubts as to the benefit to mankind in polar expeditions, Popular inferest in them will never diminish. The world always stands at attention when truly brave men pass on their way. — e It would be easier for a philanthropic banker to come promptly to the relief of farm distress if he were lending only | his-own money instead of that of his depositors. — e The Ill Wind May Blow Good. Forecaster Mitchell of the Weather Bureau yesterday expressed himsel? of the belief that the remnants of the hurricane that ravaged Santo Dommzo! last Wednesday may hook up with an atmospheric disturbance now develop- ing west of the Rocky Mountains and that the conjunction may break the drought that has affected a large por-| tlon of the United States for many weeks. The hypothesis of this predic- tion is that the hurricane is bringing into the continental area a mass of moist warm alr, which, in combination with the colder air from the Rockies, will precipitate general showers, with the “low” moving in a northeasterly direction. This would sweep the coun- try with refreshing rains practically throughout the area of the most serious drought. If this is the fact the people of this country will benefit from the storm that has wrought such terrible destruction in Santo Domingo. The whole story of that catastrophe has not yet been told. Each hour adds to the horror of the revelation as the stricken land is explored and the extent of the dev- astation is disclosed. The number of dead in the island is now set at 2,000, with more than 5,000 injured, with 30,000 homeless and with property damage of more than $20,000,000. No accurate estimate of the damage done in the United States by the drought is possible, but the losses inei- dent to the protracted period of arid heat must rise high into the millions, The effects of the drought will be felt for some time after relief has come in the form of rains. Economic ruin may have been suffgred by many thousands, | reality, equipping its horse-drawn vehicles with Tubber tires and its horses with rubber- bottomed shoes. In addition a system of “shushes,” instead of “whoas” and “giddaps,” is being worked out. This i commend- able. The position of the time-honored milk ‘wagon in a modern city is anoma- lous. It originated in an age when streets were mostly soft and when houses were not so close together. Progress has made the streets hard and therefore noisy, and has placed many hundreds of persons in near relation. Thus the modern milkman must deliver hundreds of quarts of Nature's fine product within a limited area. This necessitates much clinking and clanking of bottles, and often a rattling of crates. The good will of patrons, as well as the pleasure of being in line with the modern movement toward a reduction of city noises, would seem to make nec- essary a thorough study of quiet de- livery by dairies. These quasi-public institutions, upon which the health of the little ones de- pends, have a difficult time for de- livery. It requires intelligence and a high degree of faithfulness for the “milkman,” always an ideal of child- hood, to keep track of his varying orders. If he makes a bit of noise, he may be forgiven; but it would seem to be both good business and common sense for, dairies to make a complete study of the noise reduction question, to ask for suggestions from their patrons and not to stop short of a possible theo- retical perfection, as they alm to achleve with their product, one of the two or three original substances which Nature intended to be used as food. o In time of disaster such as that in the West Indles the world rallies in & spirit of helpfulness. Those who work for universal peace have in their favor the argument that the inclination of the human race is normally generous and not bloodthirsty, e A scarcity of milk is predicted in some sections of the country. This will threaten hardship for the bables and place even more women on the political warpath to ascertain what, if anything, can be done about the matter. e The former Kaiser wins a libel sult agalnst the Berlin publication that accused him of what amounted to profiteering during the war. The war is over, but some of the rough gossip continues. — e Professional criminals in Chicago are still doing their utmost to keep detec- tives so closely occupled that they will have no time for shadowing politicians. ity e 24 SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Prophetic Old Thermom. The old Thermom has had its fling; The drought in cruelty to bring. Still we're invited to be gay, Since Winter's not so far away. And while the air was boiling hot, ‘We read of furs and found a lot Of circulars in each day's mail— "segu'o Your Fuel Without Fail” Prophetic Fancy fondly gloats Upon the price of overcoats And the announcements make it clear That Christmas always brings good cheer! Brawn and Brain. “Do you believe in strong-arm meth- ods in politics?” “No,” answered Senator Sorghum. “The strong arm has had its place in local contests. But the powerful in- telligence is coming more and more into demand.” Jud Tunkins says politicians are sup- posed to be serving the public when, in they are just fighting one another. The Once-Over. I'd hire detectives now and then— One sometimes feels one must— Could one be sure of finding men Whom one can really trust! The Lure of Gold. “Is that circus rider Stummicks a regular cowboy?” “Not any more,” answered Cactus Joe. “He's another of those sports who were willing to sacrifice their amateur standing for the sake of professional pay.” Jud Tunkins says one trouble con- cernin’ food is that folks forget about the farmer and give all the big gratui- ties to the head waiter. Popular Loyalty. Some men are born for history’s page, New aviators are the rage; Yet Charley Lindbergh we engage To hold the center of the stage! “How do you think the market is going?” “My fortune is comparatively se- cure,” answered Mr. Dustin Stax, “why should I enroll in a guessing contest?" “We claim to love peace,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “yet for simple | amusement we engage in foolish games likely to render us quarrelsome.” “A good talker,” said Uncle Eben, liable not to tell you much for solid truth might hurt yoh feelin's.” —r—e— Tip for the Unemployed. From the Charleston (8. C.) Evening Post. It must be a source of great consola. tion to the unemployed to know that they constitute only about 2 per cent of the population. et Street-Crossing Record Unbroken. From the Cincinnati Times-Star. Whatever may happen to it else- where, capital punishment still flour- g lear it ishes at the street crossings. ———— oot One Defect in Divorce Suits, From the Little Rock Arksnsas Democrat. What the courts should do is to fix a flat rate value on affections.in aliena- tion suites » was.”—James, i.24. There is a form of self-forgetfulness that is highly commendable. There is another form of it that has in it noth- ing of virtue. that are artificial, to efface one's self to such an extent that what we say and do has nothing in it of personal con- ceit, is altogether admirable and indis- pensable to our highest efficiency. The kind of self-forgetfulness which the practical writer of the above text has in mind is of another sort and kind. There are few books in the New Testament more practical than the epistle of James. He applies religion to the most com- monplace and immediate concerns of life. In the present instance he is saying, “If any be & hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding his natural face in a glass, for he beholdeth himself and goeth his way, and straightway forgetteth what manner of man he was.” In conclusion he says, “If any man among you seem to be religious and bridleth not his tongue, but deceiveth his own heart, this man’s religion is vain.” No one knows us as well as we know ourselves, When we sre cansistent in our self-judgments we appraise our- selves at our true worth, The outside world sees us externally and superfi- clally. It can form no accurate opinion of our motives. The finest quality in the child is utter freedom from the arti- ficial, frankness and purity of motive. Every word and every act is naive and without selfish purpose or design. Few of us 'are able to retain these charac- teristics in later life. No matter how frequently we behold our natural self in the glass, we are prone, in our whole attitude and approach to the world, to largely forget what manner of person we are. We are wholly natural with our- selves, we are largely unnatural in our cerity. seem commonplace and simple, but th»ir To be self-forgetful to | the extent of being free from habits What they are and say may mnell is expressed in terms of person- ty. VyVe have sometimes wondered in the expression of our religious d: tions and convictions we are so un- natural. We assume an air that is not true to our real nature. getful of our real self and our whole attitude is one that is largely artificial. Even the ministry of the church is not free from this practice. When it comes to the recognition of our sins and failures, while they are perfectly evident to our own consciousness, we gladly dispose of them by trying to forget them. Many of us see ourselves for what we know ourselves to be, while the world outside is incapable of having an intimate view of our life or the motives that govern us. This kind of self- forgetfulness produces in us a sense of immunity from penalties. The very fact that we are the sole possessors of our secrets and that we can successfully hide our defects and deficlencies from the world makes us feel a sense of security as well as a degree of 1nnr*‘e‘nca. hy to d truest character devel- opment. The term hypocrisy implies the per- formance of an actor, the role of one who simply plays a part. It is not good acting, it is bad acting, to simulate virtues that we do not possess. Self-study and self-examination are profitable to any fine self-development. To look into the mirror of our own consclousness and to discover to our- selves both our history of the plan to conquer the Arc- tic and Antarctic by air., ‘The material for this book was fur- nished by Representative Clarence J. AcLe~d of Michigan, who is distributing the fiost edition It contains a state- ment signed by Henry Woodhouse, ;‘h!lrmln and president of the Aerial eague We are for- | Peary ierer of the North Pole; Rear Admiral C. M. Chester of the United States Nawy, retired, who was a member of the committee that passed on the records of Admiral Peary's discovery of the North Pole, who Was also a trustee of the National Geographic Society and chairman of the Antarctic Committee | of the Aerial League of America; Mrs. Marie Ahnighito Peary Stafford, daugh- ter of Admiral Peary and a director of the Aerial League of America; Alan R. Hawley, member of the original Polar Flights Planning Committee and hold- er since 1910 of the American long- cistance balloon record; Capt. Robert A. Bartlett of the steamer Roosevelt of the Peary North Pole Expedition, and Frederick 8. Dellenbnuqh. vice presi- dent of the Explorers’ Club. This statement emphasizes that the achievements of the Byrd Antarctic Expe- dition, like those of the Byrd Arctic Ex- pedition, the Amundsen-Ellsworth-Nobile Transpolar Expedition, and the Wilkins Expedition and the score of transat- lantic flights that have been made since the American Navy officers opened the way with the N-C airplanes and the British R-34 made the first transat- lantic airship cruise in 1919, and the world cruises of the Graf Zeppelin to- weakness and our | 8ether with the thousands of airplanes strength, our vices and our virtues, is a | that have been flying dally carrying valuable exercise. The worth of such practice, however, is lost to us when we go our way and forget what manner of men we are. Illinois a Battle Ground in the Prohibition Referendum Campaign BY WILLIAM HARD. The Anti-Saloon League is fighting a fight in Illinols to maintain its in- fluence in the Republican National Con- vention of 1932 and to prevent the Re- publican party as a national organiza- tion from declaring in favor of the submission of the whole Federal pro- hibition question to a new national referendum. ‘The league has not the slightest hope that it can elect Mrs. Lottie Holman O'Neill, whom it has indorsed for United States Senator in Illinois against Ruth Hanna McCormick, Republican nom- inee, dry, and against James Hamilton Lewis, Democratic nominee, wet. Mrs. O'Neill was just this last Spring crush- ingly defeated for the Republican nomi- nation in her local district for State Senator, after having served for several terms in the Lower House of the Illi- nois State Legislature and after having acquired State-wide prominence. She was also defeated at the Republican National Convention at Kansas City in 1928 for the post of Republican Na- tional Committeewoman from Illinois. She is a woman of earnest convictions and of considerable political experience, but without the large-scale personal support which she would have to have throughout Illinois in order to arrive at the top of the poll in November, The utmost that the Anti-Saloon League exrem from her is that she may be able to take enough Republican votes away from Mrs. McCormick to elect Mr. Lewis and to teach the Republican party a lesson. * ok %k ‘The immediate wisdom of such a course is called into much question by Feople who do not realize that the eague is pursuing a long-time policy. The vole of Mr. Lewis in the Scnate would be a drippingly wet vote and would go in that direction far beyond any vote that would be cast in the Sen- ate by Mrs. McCormick; but the Anti- Saloon League could watch that situa- tion with equanimity because it long ago abandoned all hope of rescuing the Democratic party in the North from the dominant hold which the wets have secured upon it. The league can ex- pect, little or nothing from the Demo- cratic party nationally in the near fu- ture. It is accordingly concentrating upon the Republican ‘};arty and is deter- mined to show fit, possible, that it cannot continue to be a majority party without Anti-Saloon League and Wom- en'rl' Christian Temperance Union sup- e * ok k¥ It is obliged, therefore, to try to pun- ish Mre, McCormick for announcing | that in & certain way and to a certain extent she will abide by the outcome of the rum referendum to be held in Illi- nois this Fall. Mrs. McCormick will advise the voters of Illinois to vote dry | on the referendum, but !f they vote in | favor of the repeal of the eighteenth amendment she will, in the Senate, if elected to it, vote in favor of sending from the Federal Congress to the State Legislatures or to State conventions, in harmony with the process ordained by the Constitution, a proposed constitu- tional amendment for the amendment of the eighteenth amendment in the wet sense. She would thereupon, how- ever, retain her right, as a dry, to ad- vise the State Legislature or the State convention of Iilinois to reject the pro- posed amending amendment. All that she, in fact, when her whole position is sifted down to the grain of it, consents to do for the wets if the Illinois refer- endum on the eighteenth amendment goes their way is to vote in the Senate to permit the State Legislatures or the State conventions of the United States to pass once more upon the Federal pro- hibition problem. * ok k¥ ‘This, however, is precisely what the Anti-Saloon League is bound to try to prevent. It led the way to Fedaral pro- hibition and it is convinced that the | PO' alleged failures and scandals of Federal prohibition are only transitory. It realizes that those alleged failures and scandals have in the meantime pro- duced unfavorable impressions in many parts of the country and it does not want to see any new national verdict on Federal prohibition till those im- pressions_have been, as it hopes, re- moved. It therefore is resolved to re- sist by every means in its power all in- stant recourses to new popular expres- sions of opinion whether by the country as a whole or by individual States. In Illinois the league is engaged in disparaging the importance of the ap- proaching referendum, which it expects to lose in that State, and in spreading the idea that the drys regard it.with indifference and neglect. It is urging its adherents to fix their eyes not on referendums, but on candidates. It will be somewhat surprised, however, if its candidate, Mrs. O'Nelll, should poll as much as 15 per cent of the total vote cast in Illinols for United States Sena- tor in November. * ok ok K Four years , in New York State, F. W. Christman, put up by the Anti- Saloon League to run for United States Senator in position to James W. Wadsworth, mpubllun wet, and to Robert F. Wagner, Democratic wet, polled less than 10 per cent of the total vote after a campaign in which he had the benefit of supporting efforts from prohibition speakers of high national influence. Mr. Christman’s small minority performance sufficed, nevertheless, to defeat Mr. Wadsworth and to elect Mr. Wagner by & nNarrow margin. 1o Illinois & similar outcome will be more difficult for the Anti-Saloon League to accomplish. Mrs. McCor- mick, instead of being, like Mr. Wads- worth, & personal wet, is admittedly a personal dry; and, further, the propor- tion of dry voters who will have to be induced to abandon the regular Repub- lican party ticket in Illinois is larger than the proportion of them who were induced to do so in New York in 1926. Illinols is much more Republican than New York, as can be seen from the records of the elections of State gov- ernors, and the effort by the Anti- Saloon League to defeat a Republican candidate in so Republican a State is an emphatic illustration of the im- portance which the league attaches to resisting the referendum idea and to trying to cure the Republican party of attempting any fiirtations with it. EE ‘This last week saw the referendum idea adopted by Mr. Frederick S. Peck, Republican National Committeeman from Rhode Island, on behalf of the Republican party in that State. The league shows more concern over such developments than over the nominations by the Republican party in New Jersey and in Montana of such outrightly wet Republican senatorial candidates as Dwight W. Morrow and Albert J. Galen. It does not mind wet votes in the Senate half so much as it minds fresh appeals to the people on the Fed- eral prohibition issue at this time, when Federal prohibition enforcement is struggling toward a yet unreached im- provement. It is aware that at high levels in the Republican party’s national management there is a strong move- ment toward unloading the perplexing prohibition back on to “the people” in the next national Republican platform. To defeat Mrs. McCormick, who has become the country’s best known ‘“ref- erendry,” or gravely to diminish her majority, would give to that movement, the league realizes, a severe setback. (Copyright, 1980.) ——o— Supreme Court to Rule On Taxes on Bond Profits BY HARDEN COLFAX. Actlon of thousands of investors and the course of the investment bankers of the country are hanging on a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States which probably will be handed down next month. This decision will determine whether profits from the purchase and subsequent sale of State or municipal bonds are subject to Fed- eral income taxes. The question of whether a State in- come tax can be imposed upon gains from the sale of Federal bonds is not directly involved in the case which the su&f:me Court will consider, but legal authorities feel it is hardly possible for the court to lay down a principle cov- ering one of these questions which will not decide both. As a matter of fact, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the State of New York have filed briefs in the case. The Massachusetts brief says: “If the doctrine, announced in its ftmculnr application by the courts be- ow, 18 sustained, the States will be sub- Jected to the converse of the doctrine— and will be foreclosed from taxing as income profits received by their inhab- a:ln‘t_- from the sale of Federal securi- * Kok X other test cases, the ameunt involved in the sult is small. It involves a tax of $85.44 with interest in the sum of $14.07. Just how much the municipal, State and Federal Gov- ernments would lose if the case went against them cannot be definitely de- termined. The Government brief places the amount of State, county and munic- ipal securities outstanding on January 1, 1922, at $8,142,000,000. An estimate by lhg Treasury Department places the amount now at more than $14,000,000,- 000. It is interesting to note that the Government has offered the 1922 figure as an argument that the tax in ques- tion has not curtailed the borrowing wer of the countles, States and municipalities. “In spite of this vast amount, the cost to States, counties and cities of borrowed money has remained prac- tically constant in a rising money ma: ket,” the Government brief recites. * ok R X It has long been an established doc- trine that the Federal Government can- not tax the income from State and municipal securities. Chief Justice John Marshall said over 100 years ago: “The wer to tax is the gcwer to destroy. t was clearly not the intent of the Constitution to destroy the States, and the courts have repeatediy held that tl means and instrumentalities of a State government are exempt from taxation by the United States.” ‘The question, therefore, resolves it- self into whether the gain from the sale of State or municipal bonds 1s exempt from taxation by the Federal Government for the reason that the income from such bonds is exempt. ‘The Federal District Couit has held that it is, and that opinion has been upheld by the Circuit Court of Ap- peals for the eighth circuit at St. Louls. * K ko ‘The Circult Court decision sald: “It is & necessary condition of our dual form of Government over the same territory that neither the National nor State governments should interfere with the er functioning of each other. This principle has been ap- plied to taxation by either of securi- ties issued by the other, since no Gov~ ernment function is more important or necessary t! the raising of reve- nue for its needs by borrowing. “Anything which would usually in- fluence the public in buying or re- fraining from buying such securities unquestionably i8 a burden upon such loans and an impediment to such bor- rowing power." ‘The OCircuit Court observes that municipal securities are almost alwi ssued for & long term of years. “ Like man; mail, pessengers and express, and ren- dering ether useful services, represent the realization of the prophecy of the illustriows George Washington, who foresaw and wrote that aerial naviga- tion would be useful to mankind and :’hntlpeaple would cross the Atlantic y_air, The statement also points out that “another great American, Benjamin Franklin, also was greatly interested in aerial navigation, and when he was asked what use there was to a balloon, he answered, ‘What is the use of & growing boy?' " Summarizing the history of the plan to conquer the Arctic and Antarctic by air, this historical record wm{)flea by Representative McLeod is as follows: “Admiral Robert E. Peary, the dis- coverer of the North Pole, and Capty Roald Amundsen, discoverer of the South Pole, were first to concede a plan for the conquest of the Arctic and Ant- arctic by aircraft and radio.” Peary first, and then Amundser?, foresaw as early as 1911-12 that polar exploration would be revolutionized by employment of aircraft and both be- came actively interested in aeronautics. Peary became. in 1912, head of the first committee to plan an aeronautic map of the world and subsequently was head of the National Aerial Coast Patrol Commission, president of the Aerial League of America and chairman of the International Science Forum, which offices he held until his ‘death. Amund- sen learned to pilot an airplane and became a licensed pilot in 1914, being tl;]e Lflnt explorer to qualify as airplane pilot. In 1016 there was formed the com- mittee planning the exploration of the polar reglons by aircraft, the members of W were Peary, Amundsen, Shackleton, Robert A. Bartlett and Henry Woodhouse, honorary secretary and historian. The honorary advisers of this committee included Admiral Colby M. Chester, U. 8. A, and John Hays Hammond, jr., and a number of other noted_ sclentists, authorities and explorers. Plans were made for the employment of aircraft and radio. ‘The preliminary plans were an- nounced on December 21, 1916. On December 22, 1916, Admiral Peary announced the plans through the Associated Press, saying that he hoped “after Bartlett returned successful from the expedition, conditions may be fa- vorable for sending out an American national Antarctic expedition under his command, to explore the American half of the Antarctic region, and secure for American scientists the valuable scien- tific material existing there. The new booklet E" tribute to the “undaunted Floyd Bennett,” who ac- companied Comdr. Byrd on his first flight to the North Pole; “and the stupendous achievements of Capt. Roald Amundsen, Lincoln Elisworth, Gen. Umberto Nobile and their gallant com- panions, who made first flight and air crossing of Arctic continent and Polar sea, and the darin, Hubert Wilkins and Carl Ben Elei from Point mm: *to‘spmborm." * “Wwill there ever be rest for the per- secuted and foot-weary Jew?” said Rep- resentative Samuel Dickstein of New York in appealing to Congress to urge the British government in Palestine to rescind its decree limiting or curtailing the free immigration of Jews to Pales- tine, Representative Dickstein is a noted economist and & leader in many Jewish welfare and religious organizations. He explains that the problem of Palestine is not the problem of this country. Here in the United States the powers that be saw fit to embark on a policy of restricted immigration because it was the majority view that unless such re- striction is resorted to we will be unable to absorb into our national midst any more immigrants from other countries. “But that cannot possibly be the situa- tion in_Palestine,” he emphasized. “In Palestine virgin soil awaits the plow of the husbandman; mountain thickets await the work of the surveyor; there are new roads to be built, and there is plenty of work for all g:xl\w- tive laborers in the world. sides, where can the Jewish immigrant go to, now that we have seen fit to exclude him from this country, when his path W barred everywhere and when long- ingly he casts his eyes at the ancient home of his fathers? We must keep Pnlestine open for him.” the original buyers” the opinion con tinues, “were confined to those who expect to hold them to maturity, com- paratively few such securities would issue and upon terms not favorable the municipality. It is also common knowledge that the interest rate on such securities is usually lower than upon currently issued private securi- ties. Two of the main attractions of such securities are that they are tax free and offer a chance for profit in resale. To say that taxation upon such profit would not affect purchases and therefore prices of such securi- ties seems unfounded. It would ma- terially lesson the attractiveness of such securities and therefore affect the borrowing power injuriously.” * ok o % ‘The brief argues that the injury to States, counties and citles by a Fed- eral tax on & gain from a sale of their securities is preciable. “When bonds are sold by a munie- ipality,” the Government brief recites, “the price is the then market price. ‘The prospect of profit in excess of the interest or discount is not held out as an inducement. Possible profit from resale as well as possible loss depends upon eventualties. It is one ol risks accepted by the owner. The in. terest on the bond comes to the owner without further effort on his part. is an exact obligation of the munici- pality met with regularity, but gains or losses from sale by the owner re- sult from & combination of factors, in~ neither obvious nor ap- briefly is received from a combination of capital, industry and skill. And a tax upon income, including such gain, is not a tax upon any sum received ursuant to the contract provision ef he bond.” (Copyright, 1930 . | because of the trinity of to ly rh a mhb’:“ e center the mpetition concern, 1° | acter and New Sport Creates Jobs BY FREDERIC Optimistic economists and inveterate ltyannas who make a cult of finding g?:ulnn in every disaster already have mentioned & number of good things which will flow from the coincident de- pression in business, the unemployment and the drought of 1930. Much theory has been spun, but it does not take a university professor to notice that one very practical benefit has come in the midst of disaster in the form of minia- ture golf. Whether this new sport sprang up disasters men- tioned or in spite of them may be & debatable question. The fact stands out clearly, however, that when everybody was complaining about the 10ss of crops, the lack of work and the slackness of trade & wholly new industry took wings to itself and soared. As of the present it is rated a $125,000,000 industry. That refers merely to the business of oper- ating miniature golf courses. If land values are included, an added gain. is found in that land which formerly was idle or paying little now is return- ing substantial rents. The promotion of this game is paying good interest re- turns on land values running into the hundreds of millions. It presents the astounding, almost comic, situation in which a somewhat tressed and discouraged Nation is lifting itself out of a real or fancied depression by means of a game at which most people at first were inclined to laugh. The Tom Thumb golf courses Which began by being the sport of humorists and quipsters in newspapers and on the stage actually have sprung into a brand-new industry which is growing_hourly. The latest Government figures say there are at least 25,000 miniature golf courses in the United States. Tomor- Tow that flgure may be increased by hundreds, for no craze ever swept the country with such prairie-fire rapidity. Where yesterday was a vacant lot or Wwhere stood & group of small buildings, stores or a church, day after tomorrow is a new miniature golf course with people standing in line to patronize it. From the economic point of view the fillip given to trade is amazing. ‘Taking the present Government figure s‘ating that miniature golf can now be rated as & $125,000,000 industry, it is safe to predict that by the end of the year it will be a $200,000,000 industry. ‘And it is fundamentally true that nothing ever grew so fast before in the United States, which means nothing ever grew so fast anywhere. Small Capital Needed. It is probably safe to say that the combineq, disasters of drought, depres- sion and unemployment are responsible for the headlong course of this youngest and most astoundingly successful in- dustry., To run any business one must have customers. Depressed trade in last year has caused literally thou- sands of men to resign from their golf and country clubs and they have felt the lack of exercise and sport and their );:at eyes hn:e' ::l:!end.l Unemploy- ‘mean| people have more spare time than ever before and, in spite of much undoubted suffering, the Amer- Ican people, while compelled to stop hug; expensive things, always seem to :‘I:ne m&dmpl‘ quarter u; )'.t‘:eve ‘some L. low prices of have favored the bEby 3 peee to cater to the waiting customers. A movie theater takes & big investment, a store takes & big investment with a dublous trade in sight—almost any new venture requires a lot of initial capital with the prospect of & year’s wait before the venture even ks even. But the standard contract | inf price for buudlggo & miniature course is only $4,000, with rent runn! around an average of $5,000 a year, al- League Meeting Gives England New Questions BY A. G. GARDINER, Ensland's Greatest Liberal Editor, LONDON, September 6.— Arthur Henderson, foreign minister, substan- tially reduced in physical bulk by his months of pursult of the orange cure, left for Geneva this week to attend the eleventh assembly of the League of Nations, which promises to be of the utmost importance. Two outstanding subjects on the agenda are themes of widespread dis- cussion in the English press. The first of these relates to the proposed Eue Topean federation. an economic United States of Europe is dead. It has been riddled from every angle and the majority of the European states have made it clear that they have no part in the setting up of kind of organization in rivalry to League. * ok ok K But it is not merely lodyuty League which has aroused hostility to the Briand scheme. Most of the States, in their replies, have indicated the guu:;lfofmn luropen} "zo:vsrun“ forme lor the purpose of waging tariff wars against the United States of America or other non-European coun- tries. These dangers are especially present to the mind of Great Britain, which, though involved in the con- tinental stucture, has vast non-European affiliations with which a formal Eu- ropean “Zollverein” could not fail to conflict. ‘Though Briand's scheme is con- demned, it has concentrated attention on the community of economic interests between European countries and the urgent importance of removing _the barriers to trade between them. It is seen that economic disarmament is essential for the creation of an atmos- phere in which military disarmament % | can be accomplished and it is felt that the occasi resent distress of Europe offers for the most importan advance. * k k ok Financial and industrial troubles, from which all the states are suffering, have their roots in an international crisis which can only be solved on in- ternational lines, and it is hoped that the League will extend the scope of its economic activities to the major prob- lems of international trade and finance. This can be done not by settin rival organization, but through the ex- isting machinery of the League and & regional understanding provided for in the covenant of the League. In this connection one of the chief issues at the Assembly turns upon the character of the League secretariat. There are two conflicting theories as to the nature and allegiance of the secretariat. The traditional League view is that the members of the sec- tariat are servants of an international organization owing primary obedience to the League and not to the state of which they are the subjects. Only on this basis can moniously as an instrumer¥ af inter- national co-operation. The rival theory, which is spensored by Italy and supported by Germany, holds that the places in the secretariat are prizes to be competed for by the foreign om'::‘-. ‘nna that hTs member :t. secref owes of which he make Geneva not of co-operation, but of . The result of the debates :‘l’l m subject is awaited with much it involves the whole char- spirit of the Le will any | 8ors. the the J. HASKIN. though up to $50,000 if valuable down= town property be used. In the face of the adverse economic circumstances of the current year, many men would not have lifted a hand to éembark on & new business venture involving a heavy investment, but tMy are willing to take a flier with $4,000. Finally, the past Summer has been the driest on an average for the entire country in 55 years. This has meant trouble for crops and businesses de- pending on water, but has meant & phe- nomenal number of extra clear hours In which people with little else to do and at small expense could play. 80 it looks as though ture golf was the child of three parents—trade depru::on.Augir‘? loyment :\“’ed Qh: drought. already valued a 1125500.000. Other Phases Devoloping. For a year-old industry it is pretty lusty. Income varies from $1,000 to $10,000 & month for an average for the country of seven months in the year, and there are already 25,000 courses. Some courses have been yeported to the Government as earning for their own- ers as high as $350 & day. Already miniature golf is going into its second phase. Definite plans are afoot to kea® miniature golf going all the year round. To some extent, large, but little used, buildings will be em- ployed, but to probably a larger extent the regular Summer courses will go under canvas. Golf started in Scotland, a cold, bleak country, and is played in the United States all the year round on large courses. It ranks among the outdoor Winter sports as well as Sum- mer ones, even in the Northern States. Wind and snow stop golf playing to a far greater extent than low tempera- tures. Architects, in making plans for new miniature courses, already are in- cluding in their drawings and speci- fications concrete standards, into which will be put poles for the support of can- vas roofs, with or without side- wall drops. They are designed along the lines of circus tents—the blg tops— save with an eye to greater solidity and wind resistance. Devices are being worked out whereby top and sides may :: mflsed chlike ulllzoonmnm.‘lu;nh! uch tops also will permit in the rain in the Summer. They give shade when the Summer tempera~ tures climb too high. It looks as though miniature golf has come to stay. Literally thousands have been given employment in constructing and oper- ating new courses. The textile industry is expecting a substantial increase in demand, for a lot of canvas will be reaulred for 25,000 or 50,000 big Mill workers who have long been will be called back to work. The club industry, a small one, has given a big lift. Not many balls are lost on miniature courses, and the wear is not, great, but the demands of hundreds of thousands of new ?Lnyen is making itself felt in that business. Thousands of jobs have been created for carpen~ ters, cement workers and gardeners in the construction end and, in the opera- tion, for managers, lers and care- takers. Yet, in spite of the fact that this x‘z::mmndmm has proved such a bene- )y news comes vnrlabu: sources of operators and own- ers m.lr;uted lnflsfln;‘d, ourl 'n‘:: flflwmd laying on Sune tion of local blue lawh. One wonders if the is going to develop miniature professionals. Tournaments already have started, and by next year there doubtless will be & miniature Bobby Jones. The day of ternational tournaments cannot be far off. 'n’:: h:arld m yet see Blélur:: Midgets agal Trader Horn' Kongo P&mu. Fifty Years Ago In The Star In this year 1930, with several women sitting as members of the House of Woman Named for and ranning for and running for Kansas Office. re-election, with others in_the field as additional woman candidates, and with & woman runni for Senate of the United States in Illinois, the 1 in The Star of August 31, 1880, has an oddly prophetic tone: “The Democrats of Kansas have nominated Miss Sarah A. Brown for tendent of public construc- parture in poli. rights.’ Brown superintendent of schools for Dau.‘n‘lam County and is credited with ha Miss Brown’s nomination will strengthen their State ticket mnwln( votes from the o) n. It prediction should prove correct, it will have the effect of }:opuhmin' the nomination of women or office by parties seel to overcome majority. It would ap- ar t the Democrats propose to en- ist the fair sex in their cause as much 8 possible in this campaign. In & ‘ecent interview with a delegation of woman suffragists, Gen. Hancock as- Wouia ‘Hot. vekD. any bils ot Cangrons any looking to enfranchisement of women. Miss Brown, the Kansas nominee, is described by a prominent Dergocrat as ‘mighty brainy,’ and it is a fact that none will dispute that there is plenty of m in political parties for addtional * % ‘The work of replac the founda- tion of the Washington Monument hav- Work Progressing ;l’:‘wdmbg ;oec?fi on the Monument, 380 the cong the shaft itself was resumed. The Star of September 1, 1880, says: “The second course of stone has been laid on the Washington Monument and the work is progressing favorably. The railroad from the foot of Fourteenth street now runsdirect tothe structure and already 12 carloads have been received over it, having been loaded on the cars th arries in Balf up 8 | the crane one man is enabled to handle a stone of six tons, and with the tracks the League work rm--l itors building, as they will interfere with the workmen, “The United States consul at Zurich, tzer] informed the State Sens Mon But the most important subject at proposed - | this Assembly is the amend. ment to the covenant in order to bring , g at the last Assembly. amendment is excellent. It will prevent any nation breaking the pact by ing the permission of the covenant. ‘The danger plead- article of the covenant, but this is academic rather than real. case, it is a separate problem and immed; danger In any the iate duty of the Assembly is fles in the fresh emphasis 'reconcile the covenant with the pact. the amendmeRt gives to the sanctions + (Copyright, 1930.)