Evening Star Newspaper, August 17, 1930, Page 25

MACHINES ARE STILLED TO AID IN HEALTH FIGHT Builders and Engineers Do Part in Help- ing Public Age ncies to Reduce Noise Menace. disease or epidemic, seldom do they realize that the accustomed clash of machinery, the clatter "o riveting and construction machinery LTHOUGH city dwellers are alert noise in trolley cars is the new double | reduction gear unit. The important | feature of this development is the use | of helical gears. submerged in a bath of Boy Fights for a Throne Otto’s Adherents Declare Dissolution of Parliament in 1919 Invalid—Restoration Issue Grows One of the most remarkable improve- | and rally to fight any physical|ments in the elimination of operating | | ‘and the roar of traffic are rapidly un- |running oil, which eliminates the clash | dermining them physically as well as mentally. The New Yorker. at least, has come to view the deafening. nerve- | wracking noise of the downtown area @5 no less natural than the air he breathes and the water he drinks Every day in the metropolitan news- papers there are items which record unaccountable attempts at suicide, and physicians and sanitariums are facing an increasing flood of patients afflicted with nervous disorders, diseases that follow in the wake of twentieth. cen- tury urban development. After a day's work in the heart of a large American city one usually returns home laden with fatigue and at night insomia hangs over tired millions. Health Organizations Act. Though the public seems unaware of the danger which threatens present and future generations, neurologists, scientists, physicians and have for years been skirmishing with the noise menace in laboratories, clin- ics and sanitariums. And health or- ganizations of some of the large cities are preparing to fight the new and insidious plague which is undermining the health of city workers. who are themselves too busy to realize the de- structive force of man-made noise. In New York. the noise-abatement commission has submitted its first re- port Health Commissioner Shirley W. Wynne, showing that the ravag to eardrums and nerves have been some- what diminished, but that injury is still prevalent. The report presents the findings of physicians, showing how the pulse and muscles are damaged by noise, result- ing in insomnia, metabolism and im- paired hearing. It is shown that the vibration of metropolitan noises is tearing the human structure to pieces in much the same manner as vibia- tion of heavy traffic undermines the stones of large buildings unbearable strain to the tures of skyscrapers. Industries Seek Remedies. Though the report has aroused New York health and civic leaders and spurred other large cities to adopt noise-abatement campaigns, it is felt that successful suppression of the nerve-shattering plague lies at its source—the industries. Therefore, sci- entists and engineers have been en-| listed to apply their knowledge and skill in reducing machinery and sounds to the minimum. An instance of a large industry striv- ing to eliminate the noise menace by experimentation with its products is found in the development of structural welding in the laboratories at East Pittsburgh, Pa. With the company of- fices located in the center of its shops 8 process was sought in erecting new buildings that would eliminate sounds | annoying to the hundreds of scientists and office workers in the vicinity. Since the first trials many new buildings have been constructed within a few feet of the engineering headquar- ters, with the occupants hardly aware that structural steel was being raised and put into place. There the world's largest structural steel building, an 11- story structure a block long to house the central laboratories, has besn erect- ed. The voices of workmen and the oc- casional reverberation of a hammer have been the only noticeable noises. Boston Uses New Method. The gaunt steel framework arose as if by some magic means; a few men wear- | ing martian-like helmets and the glow ©of welding_torches being the only re- minder that man was _building. Throughout other plants the silent building process is being used. Boston has been won over to the benefits of noiseless steel eréction and a large of- fice building is being erscted in the downtown district in the silent way. In tracing the campaign against traffic noises, industrial science has in- troduced numercus noiss-elimination appliances in vehicles. Many have been successful commercially. The roar of city traffic has been diminished in re- cent years despite the tremendous in- crease of vehicles. Traction engineers and car body builders have eliminated many & groan and clank which had grated on the ears of both rider and | pedestrian. steel struc- enginecrs | | | The Middle West is seeking a more | and brings | of gear teeth, Motors have been swung from _suspension | sgrings, eliminating the jolting clank | which accompanied the oid type of trol- | ley when the wheels passed over uneven | places. This nerve-jolting vibration was caused by resting a heavy propulsion motor on the non-resilient axle. | welding a ring of steel to the side sur- | face of gears. This deadens the ring- | ing noise when the gears mesh. In New Kensington, Pa, an inge- | nious noise-elimination’ idea’ was intro- duced when several trolley cars were insulated with cork to deaden vibration and sound. This insulation was lined in the trucks. Rubber has been placed un- der trolley bases in other cities so_the ringing of the wheels will not be trans- mitted to the body. West Likes Trolley Bus. “drfinnt system of noiseless public util- |ity transportation in order to provide needed quiet in the residential sections. | Chicago and Detroit see the trolley bus as an effective method cf silent trans- portation. These vehicles afford noise- | less operation by electrical motors, i1- sulated bodies and balloon tires and | the _ability to save through congested | | trafic. Chicago has recently installed | |36 trolleys powered by electrical ma- chinery. Detroit has followed with six of this type, while New Orleans and | Brooklyn are experimenting with this , form of transportation. Salt Lake City has become one of the most ardent exponents of trackless trol- ley transportation, because of its elimi- nation of gases, vibration and noise in city traffic. Judge Corfman, chairman | of ‘the Utah State Utilities Commission. says: “We think the big question of urban transportation 1is solved with modern trolley busses. It is quiet and the most popular service we have ever had." The industrial engineer has subject- ed the automobile to rigorous tests in order that another traffic noise element may be throttled. Motors now purr where they formerly snorted; chassis are insutated to drive out vibration and noise. Attention is at present centered on removing the clash from automatic gears. Micarta Gear Teeth Adapted. As a partial solution of this trouble the phenolithic-fabric compound has proved highly adaptable in manufi turing noiseless gears. This lamin , chemically treated cloth is as hard as steel and as soundless as wood. Micarta gear teeth of this material mesh with very little noise. The material is used in manufacturing: timing gears in many types of cars. Also, it is to be noted machinery of nearly every industry has adapted the micarta gear to my- riads of us°s on machinery, because of its lightness and noiselessness. Many automobile companies are using helical and herringbone gears for quiet and vibrationless transmission. The fight against noise has also en- ter>d the field of electrical machinery. Manufacturers and public utility opera- tors are demanding that producers of electrical apparatus eliminate throbs and roars of machinery so that these elements may not impair workmen's efficiency. J. P. Foltz, an engineer, has perfected a device which measures noises in large electrical transformers where normally there, 1s little audible sound. Device Traces Faults. The device locates the exact spot where any disturbance may originate. These faults are then remedied. It has| made it possible for engineers to design transformers which operate with a| number that is scarcely audible. Thus physicians, scientists and civic leaders have sounded the war cry! against the insidious menace—metro- | politan noise. But it has fallen upon the industrial engineer to devise ways and means to combat the evil before it becomes unbearable for millions of city dwellers as our machine age ex- pands. Without hampering _progress | these men are striving steadily to in- corporate silence into nearly every me- chanical activity and are confident of | eventually eliminating nose. Donations From America to League Larger Than From Any Other Nation ENEVA.—According to a pam- phlet issued by the League of Nations _Association of the United States, during the 10 years of the existence of the League of Nations America has given and pledged more than $5,000,000, con- siderably more than any other nation, including members of the League itself. In the itemized table of contribu- tions by Americans, it is interesting to note that, with the exception of about $250,000, all have been gifts of the Rockefellers, headed by John D. Rocke- feller, jr.s, donation of $2,000,000 for the new League library. Gifts from the Rockefeller Foundation and affiliated organizations have been made almost entirely to the League health section Official Co-operation Limited. Nine other tables in this same pam- phlet, which aims to show American co- operation with the League, include lists of all Americans who have taken any part in the League's work; the position of the United States as regards con- | ventions drafted under the auspices of the League; facts about our co-opera- tion and contemplated adhesion to the World Court at The Hague, and details regarding American interests in the In- ternational Labor Office, subsidiary of the League. 1t is easy to see from the pamphlet that official co-operation by our Gov- ernment has been mostly in the fields of economics and disarmament, yet it is worth noting that we sent a delega- tion of 10 to the conference on the codification of international law at The Hague this Spring. Unofficial Gov- ernment co-operation seems to have been most strongly centered around epium, with many experts and tech- nicians having also been invited to financial conferences and commissions oys Listed Among the names of official plenipo- tentiaries of our Government are those of the late Bishop Charles H. Brent and Norman Davis, with two Ambassadors and numerous members of the State Treasury and Navy Departments. In fige list of those who have co-operated in the work of the League privately wnd unofficially ere many of the most prominent citizens of the country, such as George Eastman, H. F. Guggenheim George W. Wickersham, Robert A. Mil- ikan, whose work has been on various | subjects ranging from calendar reform | to protection of children. | | the Tequest of President Harding to the | | Senate to ratify the protocol in 1923 down to the signature at the League secretariat by the American charge | ! d'affaires at Bern to the three revised protocols, December, 1929, As concerns the International Labor | Office, our relations with that institu- | tion have not advanced very far. Vari- | | ous gifts have been received, amounting | | to $55,000. Eight Americans have been | connected with the labor office, but ! there is only one a member at present in Geneva, although Leifur Magnusson | is_the director of the correspondents’ | office at Washington The brochure is the work of Felix Morley, now director of the Geneva of- fice of the League of Nations Associa- tion, and of Miss Alice Shaw, assistant | in the American office of the informa- | tion section of the League. The pref- ace states that only facts are presented, in order that Americans may draw their own conclusions about our co-operation | with the League. Man Classed as “Dead” Loses V Juventino Ledesma is a man who has | been officially pronounced dead and is ! unable to recover vast properties belong- | ing to him while officially alive. His nephew, Jose Alverez, him when news reached Mexico that he had crossed the Great Divide in Canada | and declares that he can have no deal- ings with a dead man. Forced to aban- don Mexico for his participation in a revolution against Gen. Obregon, Ju- ventino Ledesma started life anew as a lumberer in Canada. Rolling logs down a stream three years ago, he and a | score of men lost their balance in a | rapid. Knocked on the head by a log, | the swift current carried him away and he was discovered unconscious many miles beyond the site of the mishap. Suffering from amnesia and unbalanced mind, he was reported missing until a few days ago when he nnexpectedly appeared before his nephew, Jose, to claim his property Shanghai Shippers Seek $3,500,000 Loan on’ the High-speed trolleys | Also | trolley car gears have been “gagged” by | Property | inherited from | BY H. A. DIEZ. UDAPEST.—Almost as compli- cated as Einstein's relatively theory is the monarchic ques- tion in Hungary—the kingdom without a King. Hungary re- fused to become a republic when the great republican wave swept over Eu- rope after the World War. The most serious candidate to the empty throne, a boy of not quite 18, lives in Belgium and the legitimists call him King. Again and again there have been rumors that young Otto would return to his father's patrimony next Fall, when he will be 18 and. according to the family law of the Hapsburgs, of age. At the same time the de facto rulers of Hungary declare that under no con- dition can he come back now, because the time is not ripe for a restoration. The neighbors of the former monarchy have formed an armed league against the throneless boy King. as they have good reasons to fear that his acces- to their territorial possessions. But the opposition of the neighboring states is not the only reason why the govern- ment of Hungary wishes to postpone Otto's return. And it is here that the matter begins to be complicated. Sovereign Viewed as Symbol. In a higher sense the sovereign of Hungary is not a person, but a thing or & symbol, namely, the sacred crown of Saint Stephen, which was given to King Istvan (Stephen) by Pope Syl- vester II in 1030. According to the Hungarian public law, this crown in- corporates a trinity: King, people and land. He who bears the crown is tem- porarily King and sovereign, but the elements that last are not the King, but the nation and the land. Hungary is one of the oldest consti- tutional ‘monarchies in Europe. By the Golden Bull of 1022 the free land- owners, who formed the aristocratic upper class, obtained the right to take an active part in the administration of the country, and ever since they have assembled at regular intervals to deliberate over important issues. BY HENRY W. BUNN. AHE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended August 16: * k¥ % BRITISH COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS.—The total of unemployed among registered workers in Great Britain is over two millions. The figure when the MacDonald government took office early in June last year was about one million one hundred thousand. Gen. Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien, one of the great figures of the World War, is dead at 72. He joined the British Army in 1876, and served in the Zulu War, in sundry Northeast African | operations, including Kitchener's final march to Khartum, and in the Boer War. He commanded the 2d Corps of the British Expeditionary Force (the “Contemptibles”), and at Mons and during the ensuing retreat the enemy’s onsets fell chiefly on his command. At Le Cateau, on August 26, 1914, he made the famous decision to halt and | Bive battle despite Sir John French's order to continue retreating. The be- bhaviour of his command against the vastly superior force of Gen. von Kluck in the subsequent action 15 one of the immortal episodes of war. The con- troversy as to whether or not his dis- obedience was justified by the situation is classic and his written contribution thereto is a fascinating document. He commanded the 2d Corps of the Expedi- tionary Force at the battle of the Marne, on the Aisne and during the terrific fighting in Flanders in October and November, 1914. When the Ex- peditionary Force was split into two ar- mies, he received the command of the second, but in the Spring of 1915, ill- health and lack of complete harmony in his relations with Sir John French caused his retirement to a home com- mand. On August 13, Sir Thomas Lipton's Shamrock V, challenger for the Ameri- ca's Cup, arrived at New London, Conn., having crossed the Atlantic without mishap in 23 days. The British polo players who hope to recover for Great Britain the West- chester Polo Cup are on their way to this country. They are Capt. Tremayne, Lewis Lacey, Pat Roark, Aidan Roark, Richard George, Gerald Balding and H. Guinness. The present indication is that their line-up for the great strug- |gle will be as follows: No. 1, George; No. 2, Balding; No, 3, Pat Roark: back, Lacey. They seem to be exceptionally well ‘mounted On August 9 Percy Williams of Van- couver, Canada, knocked a tenth of a second off the world record for the 100- | meter dash, making the distance in 103-10 seconds. This occurred at the Canadian track and field championships at Toronto. It will be recalled how Wil- liams, a mere 1ad. electrified the world | by winning both the 100 and 200 meter | sprints in the Olympics in 1928. The | previous record ‘for 100-meters wns iointly held by Paddock and Tolan (the University of Michigan's colored star). x ook % ST. AUGUSTINE.—August 18 of this year will be the 1,500th anniversary of the death of St. Augustine, the greatest sion to the throne would be. a_threat | A $3500,000 public loan {of the four great fathers of the Latin issue has gustine and Gregory the Great). The church (namely, Ambrose, Jerome, Au- | PRINCESS ZITA. It was this Parliament of Nobles that elected Hungary's Kings when the male line of the Arpads died out in 1301 Through almost 400 years all Kings of the country were freely elected by this Parliament, whose Deputies used to come together on horseback from all over Hungary and hold their meet- ings in the open air. It was not until 1688 that the Hapsburgs _received hereditary rights. It is this historical fact that affords the basis on which the advocates of a free election of the future King build up their arguments nature and by way of certain fructify- ing maxims of his as to the duty of the civil power to control schism. Be that as it may. he left the world an immortal {iegacy in his “Confessions” and his “The City of God” (De Civitate Dei). He was born in Numidia, was early de- voted to Manichaeism, proceeded Neo- platonic. and in 386, at the age of 32, was converted to Christianity as im- mortally described in the “Confessions.” e GREECE.—Here is something of real importance. It is still, as of old, a mat- now called Ithaca (next to the smallest of the Ionian Islands west of the Greek mainland) is the Ithaca of the Odyssey. ‘The director of the Acropolis Museum claims that he has discovered convinc- in® proof that it is. in the Odyssey near the end of Book XIII where the Goddess Athene directs Odysseus, back on his native island after his interesting adventures, to seek out | his old swineherd and lie low in his shack pending developments. Butcher and Lang render as follows: “Him (the |swineherd) shalt thou find sitting by, |the swine as they are feeding near the | Rock of Corax and the Spring of Are- | thusa, and there they eat abundance |of acorns and drink the black water, things that make in good case the rich flesh of swine.” M. Kyparissis has lo- cated the Rock of Corax, Arethusa’s black water and the swine in such good case (though, alas, neither Odysseus nor Eumaeus in the flesh). There can be no doubt about it, whoever holds for any other site is a moron and a blackguard TURKEY AND PERSIA.—The Turk- ish government requested the Persian government to allow Turkish troops to pursue Kurdish rebels across the Turko- Persian border. The request was re- fused. A dispatch of August 13 tells of such pursuit notwithstanding, and war between Turkey and Persia scems & possibility in consequence. Observe the triangle of territory in Northwest Persia | south of Ararat, north of Lake Urmis, | west of the railtoad which comes down | from Ervivan through Julea to Tabriz; | that’s where the invaders are. Both | Mustapha Kemal and the new Shah of Persia are men of pith and sagacity. A set-to betwzen them should prove in- teresting. The dispatch, however, seems dubitable. ¥ ek TURKEY.—A Danish archeologist is trying sto get permission to investigate what remains of the column of Con- stantine in Constantinople, which dates cross on which Christ was crucified, brought to Constantinople by Constan- tine'’s mother, St. Helena of York, is within the base of the porphry column, side by side with the “palladium of Rome"; also that the holy grall is with- in the column, besides 12 <baskets con- taining crumbs from the feast provided by Christ and the adz with which Noah built the ark. It is to be hoped to bring these relics to light. INDIA—The raiding Afridis—vari- ously estimated to number between 5.- 000 and 10,000—continue to make themselves unpleasant in the vicinity of Peshawar, but they constitute no really | serious threat to the “key to the Khyber | F s the garrison, supported by 50 or | | more_planes of the magnificent Royal | ter of furious debate whether the island | Consult the passage | from 326 A. D. He believes that the| that the Danish pundit will be allowed OTTO OF HUNGARY AND (UPPER LEFT) HIS FATHER, TE EMPEROR KARL, AND (UPPER RIGHT) HIS MOTHER, against the legitimists, who insist that the oldest son of Karl is ipso facto the new King. | Karolyi Led Radicals. | when in October, 1918, the front of the central powers on the Balkan col- | lapsed under the pressure of the allied | armies, it was one of the wealthiest citizens of Hungary who steered the country into radical waters, Count | Michale Rarolyi, the Socialist noble- man. He had to pay dearly for his | Left leaning, for he is now an exile. !""His regime lasted until March, 1919, | about 3,600 square miles, the population | about “1,500,000. or over 400 to the square mile. The improvements in ag- | ricultural methods, with discreet indus- | trial installations and with general en- | lightened economic, social and sanitary | management, this ' population and a reasonable natural increment thereto | could be supported in fair comfort. But | great improvements are called for. The | death rate is said to be four and a half | times that of the United States. Two hundred thousand persons suffer from malaria, 600,000 from hookworm and over 30,000 from tuberculosis. The school population tops 500,000, but there is building accommodation for | only 200,000. Obviously, we have a duty to perform there which is being sadly neglected. * x % l UNITED STATES.—President Hoo- ver has abandoned, for the present, at | least, h: Rockies, in order to direct from Wash- ington the work of relief of the areas 50 badly affected by the drought. Acute privation is reported from sundry parts. The carriers east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio have announced a projected vacation trip to the | 150 per cent rate reduction on move- | | ments of water, hay, grain and live | stock, by way of relief. A serious Na- | tion-wide food or feed shortage is not | expected, but it seems likely that com- modity surpluses will be very greatly | reduced, if not wiped out. The Federal | PFarm Loan Board stands ready to make | necessary loans through its intermedi- ary credit banks. Moreover, the Gov- ;‘rnmenl is acting to prevent profiteer- n g The South showed some remarkable | population gains during the last census | period. Floride gained 51 per cent; | Texas and North Carolina each about 25. Houston and Chattanooga_gained over 100 per cent, Oklahoma Gity 100, | Atlanta about 75, Memphis 55 and Bir- | mingharm 45. But only certain sections | and towns of the South gained so re- | markably. The gain for the South as | a whole during the decade was only 14 | per cent, as against 16.3 for the coun- |try as a whole. Georgia made almost |no gain, and Virginia, Kentucky and | Arkansas very moderate gains only. | " on August'9, over a 30-mile triangle |off” Newport, in light airs, Weetamo# | beat” Enterprise by over nine minutes, | Whirlwind following nearly three mi utes later and Yankee trailing Whirl- wind by about 1312 minutes. Obviously, Yankee is not a light-weather boat. Apparently, however, Enterprise threw away the race by a mistake as to the course. The final trials for the role | of defender of the America’s Cup will take place off Newport, commencing | August 20, A new, “bright particular star” in the tennis firmament has_emerged in the person of Sidney B. Wood, jr., an 18- | year-old New York schoolboy, whose | performances in the Southampton tour- nament in the week ended August 9 were truly remarkable, He beat in suc- cession George M. Lott, Prank Shields (the latter having easily disposed of the mighty Tilden) and Wilmer Allison— Tilden, Allison and Lott having been members of our last Davis Cup team, and in each case he recovered superbly when to all appearance hopelessly out- | matched and done for. His comebacks reminded one of Cochet and Tilden at the top of their games. On August 13 Capt. Frank M. Hawks Of the 3¢ Americans who have been | been proposed by the Shanghai Shipping members of the League secretariat, only | Association in order to keep abreast of now hold positions, Both John Bas- | increasing transportation demands on Moore and Charles Evans Hughes | the China coasts. The issue will be have been judges on the World Court |used for the purchase of vessels and for bench, and Elihu Root wes on the com- | the maintenance of the association’s mittee of jurists that drew up the | present shipping activities. court’s statute and also on the jurists’| The Nanking Government State Coun- committee which considered the revi- |cil recently heard the petition for the sion of the statute for the accession of |loan and ordered the ministries of com- the United States. munications and finance to study the A special page devoted to the World | advisability of it. In Chinese currency Court traces our interests in it from 'the loan comes to $10,000,000. . Aassertion is well founded that he is the most_potent figure since the aposties in the history of Christianity, that he has made an _impression thought unrivaled . From him Luther derived large part of his impulse and the color of his doctrine, especially as to original sin and justifi- cation by the grace of God. Some, how- ever, will have it that Augustine's influs ence has, on the whole, been unfor- tunate by way af depreciation of human Air Force, being quite adeguate. The | latest,_reports indicate that the airmen |and British Indian cavalry are giving | Stream, Long Island, in 12 hours and it hot and heavy to the invaders, whose | 25 minutes, having beaten by nearly 2% Activity is attributed largely to men- | hours the record made last Easter Sun- dacious propaganda importing the| day by Col. Lindbergh. The average downfall of the British raj | speed made by Capt. Hawks' Whirlwind- Dne heasr of recrudescence of Hindu- | motored Travelair plane was 230 miles Moslem clashes on a considerable scale. | an hour. » &% & * % *x * PORTO RICO.—Porto Rico 1s not in| NOTES—The latest thing in /Paris & good way. The ared of the island 15| fashions is the “hourglass figure.” A supervolated the continent from Los Angeles to Curtiss Airport, Valley when the radical wing of the Socialists came into power and started the short Communist intermezzo, which was overthrown at the end of July of that year. In this revolutionary period the Hungarian lower house dissolved itself upon the order of the government and the upper house or House of Magnates discontinued its sessions, but refused to acknowledge the writ of dissolution. The legitimists assert that the disso- lution of the lower house was invalid because only the King could have dis- missed it. According to strict legiti- mist ideas the real Parliament consists of the still living Deputies of the lower house of 1918 and the still living mem- bers of the old House of Magnates. In their eyes the legal order has been interrupted and can be restored only by having the King convene the two old houses. Friedrich Seized Power. When the Cofimunists were driven from power Istvan Friedrich made himself prime minister without being authorized by anybody but himself and his friends, and his self-appointed cabinet decreed a new law for an elec- tion, which under the prevailing con- ditions could not be approved by either King or Parliament. law the people of “mutilated” Hungary, that is to say those that were left after the occupation of two-thirds of the country by other nations, elected a National Assembly, which ratified the peace treaty of Trianon and formally ceded the war spoils to the enemy. After the Communist experiment Friedrich’s cabinet was the first at- tempt to return to the constitutional monarchy, and as somebody had to take up the reins of government and liquidate war and revolution, Fried- rich rendered his country a great serv- ice. But in’the eyes of the legitimists all these acts were sins against the time-hallowed tradition. When, after the second attempt of King Karl to regain his throne, the National Assembly declared the Haps- burgs definitely dethroned, Count Al- bert Apponyl. guardian of this ancient tradition and spokesman of the legi- (Continued on Fourth Page.) The Story the Week Has Told Cheruit sensation is glove sleeves, with “peepholes.” Rust reds and copper browns are favored colors. We hear with satisfaction that at last the Bulgarian government feels itself strong enough to deal drastically with Imro—the internal Macedonia revolu- tionary organization—which has long played so sinister a part, embroiling Bul- garia with Jugoslavia and Greece, espe- cially the former. The government has issued a warrant for the arrest of one of Imro’s chiefs, charged with murder. A group of Russian scientists has just left Archangel by ice-breaker for Fridtjof Nansen Land (formerly Franz Josef Land), and other Arctic scenes; as, Solitude Island, North Land (for- merly Nicholas II Land), Wrangel Is-, land, etc. “The Soviet government has the greatest sector of polar territory in the world,” says the leader of the party. “It behooves to study it.” Report has it that Chinese National- ists forces under Chang Kai-Shek have recaptured Tsinan, capital of Shantung Province. The situation in Honan Prov- ince fs obscure, some reports announc- ing that the Nationalists, other reports that the Northern Alliance forces, have the upper. hand. For five months past there has been a rebellion in the State of Parahyba, Bra- zil. The other day some 1,500 federal troops captured the Tebel stronghold and apparently liquidated the rebellion. Chinese Arrest Man Without Any Charge A situation bearing enough of the usual about it to be somewhat typical of Chinese judicial or military ways arose here with the arrest of a Chinese, educated at Haverford College and on the staff of a Chinese news-gathering organization. ‘This reporter, Samuel Chang, was invited with a number of his newspaper friends to a tea party given in a cafe outside the international settlement, where different judicial pro- cedures prevail. In the midst of the party Chang, with his colleagues, was surrounded by military detectives and taken to the military prison at Lunghwa. The Chinese Newspaper Reporters' As- sociation has made an appeal for Chang'’s release and at the same tige it has requested the military officials tp inform the organization why the man was arrested. Chang himself has not yet been informed of the nature of his offense. Furthermore, there is nobody to whom he can appeal. His friends say he may have been too friendly to the Feng Yu-hsiang cause, but they are in- dignant at the absence of complainants, Press Doing Battle For Grape Growers ‘To the endless list of “battles” spon- sored by fascism still another, that of the grape, must be added. A serious national problem for Italy at the pres- ent time is the one of the wine growers, who are suffering from & period of crisis owing to the high cost of living and the small consumption of wine. The press, in perfect unison, has begun its campaign with a strong plea that wine cures all human ills, is fine for the liver, makes you live longer and kills germs in water immediately—especially those of typhus. Also the reader is told that often prohibitionists ‘“give the gravest example of real alcoholic vice” and, above all, wine makes you happy, smile and a keen worker. Who knows but that the “Drink More Vino" cam- paign may not soon vie in importance with the other “battles,” such as for in, for the.lira and for bigger fami- les, all D‘ul o!mc.nwun‘ Pprowess Under Priedrich’s | SOLAR ECLIPSE TO ADD VAST DATA FOR U. S. RECORDS Navy Party Transporting Huge Camera to Pacific Island, Many Tons of Equip- ment Will Be in Place for October 21. ITH the maze of elaborate calculations and data based on the total eclipse of the sun that visited the United States last April 28 not yet completely digested, astronomers, phys- icists and other scientists are already preparing to “shoot” another total eclipse on October 21. The coming eclipse is expected to yield & new har- vest of information, corroborative and otherwise, to be added to the fund al- ready yielded by recent eclipses. Preparations more elaborate than usual are being made now for the Oc- tober event. in part because of its im- portance and in part because its path of totality lies over the Pacific Ocean, skill, perseverance and a large measure of good luck. “Tin Can Island,” more properly known as Niuafou, will be the principal base of operation. It is a palm-covered circular ring of land rising abruptly out of the ocean, surrounding a large lake where the water bubbles continu- ally as if it were boiling. The island is of volcanic origin, containing more than 30 craters, about half of which have recently been active. Niuafou is about 300 miles southwest of Tutuila, Samoa, and is situated exactly on the international date line. To its inhab- itants “today is not only today, but tomorrow also.” Principal Expedition. Because of its inaccessibility and the great cogt of sending equipment there to obterve the eclipse, the principal ex- pedition will be directed by the United States Naval Observatory, in co-opera- tion with private scientists. Comdr. C. H. J. Keppler of the United States Navy will be the administrative officer in charge of the Naval Observatory expedition. The medical officer will be Lieut. H. C. Kellers. It will be Comdr. Kepplei's second eclipse expedition. He commanded the successful expedition to Iloilo, Philip- pine Islands, for the eclipse in May, 1929. Lieut. Kellers, in addition to his medical duties, will collect specimens of flora and fauna and will have charge of the important meteorological obser- vations. He has been on two previous scientific expeditions in far corners of the world and is said to be extraor- dinarily well qualified for the difficult work assigned to him. Another member of the Naval Observ- atory expedition will be Bevan P. Sharpless, junior astronomer of the ob- servatory, who will do coronal photog- raphy with a 15-foot camera and small cameras. Also accompanying the ex- pedition will be scientists from several American scientific_institutions. These will include Prof. R. W. Marriott, as- tronomer of Swarthmore College, who will carry out coronal photography. with a 63-foot camera and make observa- tions to test the Einstein theory, and Dr. Weld Arnold of the American Geo- graphical Society, who will assist Proi. MarTiott. Voleanoes to Be Studied. Others will be Prof. S. A. Mitchell, director of the Leander McCormick Ob- servatory at the University of Virginia, who will conduct spectographic work; Kempton Adams, assistant to Prof. Mitchell; J. J. Johnson of the Califor- nia Institute of Technology, who will make photometric observations, and Dr. T. A. Jaggar, jr., of the Volcanic Ob- servatory at Hawali, who will study vol- canic and seismographic conditions on Niuafou Island. In addition to this personnel, 11 en- listed Navy men and Marines will ac- company the expedition to assist in con- struction and observation. They were especially selected for their skill and general fitness for the work, and were chosen from the battle fleet. They are already on their way, having sailed from the Mare Island Navy Yard aboard the mine sweeper Tanager on June 25. They will arrive at Samoa this week. Part of the expedition’s technical staff also has sailed for the tiny Pacific isle, where a tremendous amount of work must be done before the observers are ready for the moment of the eclipse. The party left Washington July 19 for San Prancisco, and from there departed on the steamer Sierra July 31. The Sierra also is scheduled to arrive at Tutuffa this week. In the group sailing on her were Comdr. Keppler, Lieut. Kellers, Prof. Marriott and B. P. Sharpless. About 115 boxes and cases of scientifie instruments, apparatns and equipment have been shipped to "Tutulla, as well as camp implements and food supplies sufe ficient for 20 men for 60 days. The ex» ition also carried about 8,000 board feet of lumber for the construction of various cameras, the largest of which will have a focal length of 65 feet and will include a photographic developing room. The total equipment to be trans- pmorud to Niuafou ghs more than 60 ns. Difficult Expedition. This is one of the most difficult eclipse expeditions ever undertaken by the Navy according to officials. Not only is the distance great, but the most prime itive conditions prevail. On Niuafou there are only 2 white men and about 1,100 natives. A major eruption occur- ring in several of the island's active craters destroyed one of the two vil- lages in June, 1929. A Navy party at Pago Pago, which made a preliminary visit to the island, found that there were no good anchor- ages and only onme precarious landing place. The expedition heads will pro- ceed to Pago Pago, where their equip- ment will be transferred from the Sierra to the mine sweeper Tanager and the entire party, including co-operative sci- entists, observers and helpers, will be assembled on this ship. Landing on Niaufou will be accomplished as soon as possible thereafter. The Tanager will have to be anchored in deep water. The cliffs of the island rise abruptly on all sides, but a lane place for small boats has been found. It will require extreme skill to transport and land the heavy equipment, aug- mented by the 8,000 feet of unwiele camera lumber, in the small boats. TI work will be possible, it is believed, o in calm weatheg. Swells or winds wl delay and jeopa¥dize the work, and the loss of important equipment at this stage would ruin the chances of the ex- g:fl;tsmn for a successful study of the e. Cameras to Be Built. The enlisted personnel of the expedi- tion includes a rigger, an optical repair and instrument man, a carpenter to construct large cameras, an expert photographer, two general assistants, two radio operators, two cooks and an interpreter. - Approximately eight weeks of work will be necessary on the island in preparation for the event, the big- gest job being the building of the huge cameras. These will require exact astronomical ::I;'}:::rinz l':l Wall u‘aklll!d work in construction, for ause of their size and the brief dur-mn of the eclipse it will be necessary that they be aimed in advance at the exact spot in the heavens where the eclipse will occur. The eclipse will be total at this spot for only 93 seconds. The sun will enter the shadow at 9 o’clock in the morning of October 21 or 22, depending on which side of the international date line the observers are located. During the eclipse there will be 1o time for delay of re- calculation. The photographic markse men will have to fire rapidly and with precision. The enormous cost of the ex- pedition in money and effort can be re- | paid in no other way than by getting as much useful data as possible. As is always true of eclipse expedi- tions, the observers are taking their biggest chance on the weaiher. Virtu- ally all other contingencies can be prepared for, but if the morning is stormy—if, in fact. a single fleecy cloud gets in the way of the sun di g the crucial moments—the scientific yield of the expedition may be wiped out. Meteorological observations have never been taken on Niuafou; there is no way known to science for forecasting the weather even approximately. The expedition expects good weather, how- ever, because the eclipse takes place in the morning, and the morning sky is ucually clear at that season in the Pa- cific islands. Niuafou is one of the islands of the Tonga Archipslago and is one of the mandate islands of New Zealand. There is only one other spot of land where the eclipse might be viewed in its totality: the island of Nurakita in the - Ellice group. Navy observers investie gated the possibility of setting up cam- eras on this island, but reported ths difficulties too great. However, it is ex~ pected that independent scientists may attempt it. Stockholm Proves BY MARGARET BREUNING. HE Swkdish Exposition of 1930 has great good luck to be sit- uated in Stockholm. It could scarcely have a more beautiful city as a background. The exhibition grounds are easy of access. A few minutes by tram, taxi or boat, through garden-like parks or along quays where picturesque, old working schooners and spotless white fleets of passenger boats are drawn up, bring one to the island whose wooded shores and long, narrow bay furnish so effective a setting for the exposition, | Moreover, it is not a large exhibition, sprawling aimlessly over a vast acreage, | but a small, compact, carefully related organization of buildings and gardens, exhibition halls and shady terraces, so that it presents no dismaying physical demands upon the visitors who really wish to view it thoroughly. This exposition represents a mnovel idea in exhibitions, for it reflects pres- ent-day interest in a situation which is making . itself felt acutely the world over—that is, the problem of creating at- tractive and practical homes for the ‘age man who has been forced into cramped and unpleasant quarters by modern industrial conditions. Essentially Urban Problem. It is, of course, an essentially urban g!ohl!m, for monotony of standardized ousing, lack of space and impractical furnishings for these limited spaces characterize city dwellings for the av- erage man. In this exposition Sweden marks her intention to demonstrate a practical and pleasing solution of this problem in her own racial idiom. It is not a final word on the question, but it is a well considered and provocative suggestion which presents many inter- esting ideals to the visitor of every race The democratic character of Swedish people could not be better illus- trated than by this recognition of the needs of the average man who has neither money, time or. possibly taste to work out this problem for himself, but who is fully capable of enjoying both practical and artistic betterment of his surroundings. The keynote to the whole exhibition is given by the title “functionalism,” which is architecturally a modern term coined to express the adaptation of means to an end primaril” in building, and also in furnishings or interior deco- ration of any kind. 1t 1s not so technical as it sounds, for it is easy to grasp by these concrete ,examples of architecture what func-| m has almed for and accom- | tional plished in this exhibition. | Overornamentation Absent. | Naturally, functionalism displays it- self to advantage in such practical forms of modern life as these exhibition gallerles and business structures, which ve an amusing appearance, and a light airy impression quite removed {rom the heavy, overornamented stucco buildings which formed many of its in the the | Ideal City For Sweden’s Exposition ‘There is no reason why such build- | ings should be permanent, for they can- not serve other purposes effectively, yet what lamentable remains of former ex- positions have cluttered up many of our cities and refused to be obliterated from sheer size and awesome grandioseness. The light, impermanent structures of this Swedish show not only meet ex- actly the needs for which they were created, but they suggest that they will not be difficult to remove and consign to the oblivion that all temporarily need structures should be relegated to. Plants Relieve Austerity. Yet if geometry has been the support of the architectural design and aus- terity its accompaniment in this group of buildings, this formality and aus- tereness are well relieved by the abun- dance of flowers which are planted everywhere, the beautiful trees and the sloping terraces of greenery that reach down to the waters of the little bay. Letters in high relief executed in brilliant colors ~ which indicate the character of the particular booths, closely set flagpoles, with their enor- mous flags—the blue with yellow diago- nals of Sweden and the yellow with blue emblems of the exposition, as well as smart advertising devices, never | banal and obtrusive, but decorative and | contributing an actual note of interest, are other means of enlivening the severity of the exhibition without at- tempting to add meanipgless and tire~ some ornamentation to the buildings themselves. An_advertising tower of iron, about 250 feet high, set with electric light | signs — advertisements, the exhibition emblem and a powerful searchlight at | the “top—dominates the central plaza | and adds brilliancy to the effect of the | night illuminations. There is, also, an_illuminated foun- tain which changes both its colors and its contours, as well as a particularly | clever form of lighting device in the ordinary lamp-posts which stud the ex- position walks. Good Designs in Mass Products. But aside from the choice examples of etched glass from Orrefors, or of crystal glass from Kosta, Elme and Eda, lor the beautiful ceramics, pewter and almost infinitively varied handmade textiles which delight the visitor to | this exhibition, there is also a group of | exhibits of articles made by mass pro- duction and consequently suited to the modest pocketbook and humble home. These articles—glass, pottery, furni- ign as the expensive prod- ucts of handicrafts. The inexpensive, molded glass, for example, is carried out in beautiful richness of color and in striking forms. The tableware, de- signed primarily for workmen's homes, is attractive in shape, glaze and deco- ration, It is dificult to realize on view- N c reasonable terms. Its tex- our | available at | ture,