Evening Star Newspaper, August 17, 1930, Page 2

A--2 QOVER DISCUSSES "AVATON NEEDS Confereiice With Lindbergl\: and Officials Shows Plane Production Has Declined. RS the Associated Press. ORANGE, Va., August 16 —The pos- sibilities of injecting new life into the commercial aviation industry were dis- cussed at great length by President Hoover today in formal conferences at his mountain lodge with four Govern- ment aviation officials and Col. Charles A. Lindbergh | Government policies relating to civil #ercnautics, i 3 of cxtending Government aid through expansion of the Air Mail Service, and the part com. mercial planes might play in the n: tional defense figured in the conver- sations which began last night after the President and his party arrived from Wi L Pigures presented to the President showed that while the United States was far ahead of the rest of the world A Pplanes a year. In the face of this decline the Pres- {dent was informed that American com- mercial aviation was pascing from a mail ‘express service stage to a point where approximately 200:000 passen- gers are mow being carried annually. Demands for replacement of planes in both the military and civil branches were szid to total 3,000 a year. In checking the situation the Presi- dent and his Air Secretaries also dis- cussed plans for closer co-ordination of Government departments in the avia- tion field and methods of Government econemy which would not retard prog- ress of the industry. The Government is now spending ‘120.000,0:;0‘ a vear duplication of efforts in the Army and Navy air coastal defenses. The four Air Secretaries who went over the situation with Mr. Hoover ‘were F. Trubee Davison, Assistant Sec- retary of War: David Ingalls, Assist- ant Secretary of the Navy; Clarence M. , Assistant Secretary of Com- merce, and W. Irving Glover, Assistant Pa‘:mlmr General, in charge of air- matl, COL. GRANT PLANS DEFINITE PROGRAM FOR BATHING POOLS (Continued From PFirst Page.) pools vided in the pmflfihnifllfgommflx year. “I am utrann{ in favor of carrying the bathnig pool construstion program to completion,” said Col. G:nn:t. “These locker fees, soap, towels and bathing suits it on a self-supporting basts. the tos however. the pool could not accommo- | date the crowds, and many swel persons had to be turned away. The Ppool will aceommodate 1,600 bathers at one time, and this Summer it has been used in the course of a day by as many as 3,000 persons. The colored pool at the Prancis Junior High School, however, has not been as well patronized, and contests of various kinds have been conducted under the direction of the Welfare and Recrea- tional Association of the Office of Pub- lic Buildings and Public Parks to stimu- late increased use. The location of this pool is held responsible for the lack of patronage by Capt. . W. Hoover, gen- eral of the association. He said it is too far removed from the cen- ter of the colored population to be con- veniently accessible, and as a result its patronage is drawn almost entirely from the surrcunding neighborhood. Three-Shift Oneration. The McKinley is operated on a three-shift plan. It opens at 10 o'clock in the morning and closes at noon, re- | opening an hour later and running con- tinuously until 6 o'clock. The pcol is then closed for another hour. and is re- opened to accommodate night bathers, closing at 10:30 o'clock. The pool at the Francis Junior Hign | 8chool operates on a slightly different schedule. It opens at 10 am.. and re- ‘mains open continuously until 10:30 p.m. ‘Washington might have another bath- ing beach, similar to the Tidal Basin, if it were not for the present polluted condition of the Potomac. Theoretically, Col. Grant and others directly concerned with bathing and health problems belleve that a bathing beach is more desirable than artificial pools with hard concrete bottoms and chiorinated water. But from a prac- tical viewpoint, such a basin, they con- tend, is not possible along the Potomac | now in the vicinity of Washington, at Jeast without jeopardizing the health of all who use it. The act of Congress authorizing the bathling pool program, as amended in February, 1920, provides citner bath- Is or bathing heaches, thus giv- . Grant authority to establish ¢his time, " sald. of even considering ® oathing beach until the river is freed Trom its poliution and bathers can use it :‘uwut fear of contagion. £ Island Suggested Site. tan Island has been siggested l. Grant as an ideal site for the of a public bathing beach. The is owned by the Gas 'Light Co, and asidc from the cost of acquiring it, Col. Grant s:id the water there could not be brought to-a lh!:w of purity to insure healthy The Tidal Basin, although highly chiorinated and treated with powerful o \ S violet rays to remove the impurities, he inted out, was not absolutely safe om a health standpoint while it was Par Te- he river, used for bathing purposes. moved from the channel of | In the following interview Henry Ford BY A. M. SMITH. “ USINESS will get better, but we won't know it when It does,” was Henry Ford's cryp- tic reply to an iry regard- ing his im n’ of the business outlook. “A sick man either dies or gets well, and usually he does not know when the crisis is past and preting | signs the wrong w » For example, last year at this t'm everybody was plungng into the stock {market with the notion that a great wave of prosperity was flooding the country, and that almost anybody could get a iot of something for nothing. “Well, that was the time when we were really sick and didn't know it. Since then the country has been crying about business depression and hard times, but as a matter of fact hard times are the road to recovery from the bad condition we mistook for pros- perity. “Recovery from any kind of sickness is always a good thing, even if it is ac- companied with considerable pain and inconvenience. But everybody is mis- taking the recovery for the sickness. Better Off Today Tham Last Year. “The country is far better off today than it was a year ago, when the were fairly crazy with stock fever. We are better today than we have been for three or four years. “It was a mighty good thing for the Natlon that the condition which we m! ‘prosperity’ could net last It was only the forerunner of adversity. ‘This country was terribly sick a year ago, but nobody knew it. A of stock speculation fever was m! for the glow of health. “Yet now, when we think the coun- 's business is very sick, it is really getting well; it is in fundamentally healthier condition than ft was a year ago. “The time to feel wrr{'lor & man is when, in the waste of his powers, making ‘nature ‘himself sick, not him on his back to mnke him society. What we call the depression is our economie salvation. The invisible THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. Ford’s Prosperity Views Manufacturer Says Country Is Coming Into Honest Situation Whic Honest Men Cun Share and Gamblers Cannot Disturb. | out of a stock market collapse such as | we had last year to convince us that in | are 16" 2o, Banem. Cheas. e nta . We }w what we honestly worx for, in the | long run—just that ane no more. So | far as employment and ‘money are concerned. we got just what was best for us in view of our general | notion about earning money and en- | joying prosperity. “There is- & world of ‘duhunee be- tween making money and creating real wealth. Wealth is not mo.-v. Real wealth is in use, not im p:isession. ‘Wealth is not money, but the facilities | for a secure and comfcrtabls life. “Real prosperity is the uninterrupted flow of commodities from those who | make them to those who use them. Gamblers Cannet Disturb. “Now, with this in mind, will you say we had prosperity a year ago? I think not. The present situstion is vastly preferable becauss it is a step | toward an honest prcspority which | hon-st men can share and which | gamblers cannct discurd. The country | was on the wrong track and mighty sick at the very moment when it | thought high prices and quick returns | for littl> or no effort were a sign of great prosperity. That was merely the high temperature of a bad fever. now there is every sign of returning health. But the people don't know. “Let our people clearly perceive that they were absolutely deceived in their general impression that we were at the peak of economic health when, as a matter of fact, we were suffering severe economic derangement, and the wailing over this period of recovery will cease. There is great cause for thankfulness that we can recover from such pro- longed and violent economic bad living. “Of course, you can’t persuade mere money-makers or speculators of the truth of this. To their distorted minds fever will always appear as health. ‘Their wrong slant can never be cor- rected until they are inoculated with the germ of healthful, honest work. “Well, some of them have been inoculated during the past year. They have been compelled to take a dose of that fine, old-fashioned medicine, real work. But they are still convinced that the medicine is worse than the disease. point of view. They will go on in this delusion until an unwise generation per- mits another fever to come along. Then they will rejoice with the mock feeling of false prosperity, and not know that then they are sickest. No Economie Santa Claus. “This Nation will never go forward on a gambling basis. If you can get that into the heads of capitalists and speculators vou will be a great doctor. But I doubt it can be done. honest jobs. "1 suggest to the people and news- paper writers and clergy to take the view that this Nation has been saved from a great clamity of false prosperity. w the duty of citizens to see that pei of return toward a sane living is used to the utmost. t as foolish to follow the cry epression’ as it was to follow the ealled us pessimists did not praise the prosperity three years. Now they call strong-hearted because we do not in the mock griefs of the publicists over what they call hard times. I per- sonally am very hopeful, because I think the country has ceased being sick, is now well, and will soon be strong and active again.” (Copyright, 1930, by North American News- paper Alliance.) ‘Congress. | Heights, Takoma Park and even other | sections nearer the heart of the city. | Pools as Best Solution. | col. Grant thinks the best solution ! of the bathing problem, therefore, is the | series of poels which it is planned to construct in various sections of the Dis- trict where they will serve the residents in those communities. Moreover, he declares, it is possible to keep these pools clean and sanitary and thus pro- tect the health of the bathers as well as afford them additional protection from drowning, since life guards can { keep bathers in a small 1 under observation o e | closer than thoss scattered | over a 3 | “The Potomac River is polluted and the pollution is increasing every year,” |said Col. Grant. “It is, therefore, un- | safe for bathing, and until such time that the river is freed of its tmpurities it would be deeidedly unhealthy to establish a bathing beach along shore.” | “The bathing poois to b> constructed under the program authorized by Con- {gress will provide safe and healthy places for people to bathe. It will keep them out of the river which every year takes it toll of those who risk their | lives and their health in its waters.” Dr. Edward J. Schwartz, acting Dis- trict _health officer, although favoring a public bathing beach, does not believe it would be practical from a health standpoint to deveiop one along the Potomac now because of the polluted condition of the river. In view of the pollution, Dr. Schwartz said, the only solution of the public bathing probiem at this time is the construction of bathing pools, using filtered water, which can b: kept clean | and sanitary Dr. Schwartz pointed out that the | Health Department keeps & closc ob- | servation on all artificial bathing pools, and aims to kesp the water in them as pure as the drinking water. It would be impossible to do this, he declared, if a beach is established on the river. | Samples of water are taken periodi- cally from all bathing pools and analyzed at the Health Department, Dr. Schwartz said, and if the ria count is found 1o be in excess of the amount regarded as safe steps are taken to have the pools cleaned and made sanitary. As a result of this program of protection, he declared, all bathing pools in Washing- ton are safe from a health standpeint. 1 ! HAIRDRESSERS TO MEET. | The National Hairdressers and Cos- metologicts' Asscciation will meet here September 1-5 to determine, among ! other things, next year’s fa h'ons in the brautification of the feminine face and hair. pected H L. Pranklin, director of the organization, has set up con- vention- headquarters at the May- flower. ‘The branch of the asso- ‘Wash! ington he said, the treatment of the water in ciation, of which Emile Beauvais is the Tidal Basin was made comparative- president, is assis ly simple, but this process would be ments. The conven flnnllli ineffective in the vl:lnfl of with the a - meets here for the first time, Some 1500 beauty experts are ex- | |HOODLUM LEDGER CONTAINS NAMES OF BIG CHICAGOANS . | ords. accounts which the prosecutors were confident would yield new sensa- tional evidence. Perusal of another sheet from the | books today showed it to be a penciled | version of the profit and”loss sheet in- spected yesterday—possibly the original | copy, but revealing a discrepancy of $20,000 in the cash balance. In the | difference investigators saw a_possibil- |ity that Zuta had “doctored” his ac- | counts. Receipts and_disbursements involved a number of Chicago's well known re- sorts—the Dells, Villa Venice, White House, the Lincoin Tavern, Light House and many street addresses otherwise unidentified—and indicated an_operat- Joss of $35,165 for the PFairview Kennell Club, now closed, between June 1 and July 29, 1929. Under “re- celpts” of the Pairview track was an item of $33,690 labeled “Solly Vision, advance account.” Vision was Zuta's henchman and thought to have been his companion in Wisconsin shortly { before h's death. #5| Two other items, the disbursement of $1,226 to “Geo. M.,” suppasedly “Bugs” Moran, and $3,500 to “East Chicago,” | assumed by the press to be a North | Side police district, interested the in- | vestigators. They announced every | person involved in the voluminous rec- | ords would be called on for an explana- | | Death Threats Revealed. The gangster’s records also indicated that he had been marked for death more than once during nine years of law-breaking. “Among his souvenirs” was a post card dated January 3, 1928, and bear- ing the brief message, “Your place next | unless you close.” ‘There was also a letter, postmarked July 28, 1927, and | reading, “Be careful, a copper won't | save you next time. They are out to | get you.” The initials of a mysterious “M. K.” persisted throughout the rec- ords and led authorities to believe they designated a “pay-off man,” who took | money from Zuta and acted as inter- | mediary in payments to grafting per- | sons who did not wish to have direct | contact with the underworld. WOMAN’S BODY FOUND Salt Lake Death Believed Caused by Assault With Poker. | SALT LAKE CITY, Utah, August 16 | #).—The battered and nude body of | Deila Young, about 40, was found on the floor of her small apartment today, after a neighbor had seen a man run | from the place, screaming a woman had been murdezed. A bloody poker was found in the oom. Arm Broken by Scooter. Special Dispatch to The Star. ALEXANDRIA, Va., August 16.—A scooter, propelled by her brother, struck Marje Bittenbender, 6 years oid, and sent her to a hospital here this after- noon with a en arm and body bruises. The accident occutred near the home of the girl's parents in Aurora Hilis, The brother was not injured, They still have their very unhealthy |Sel ILOCALS CONTRIBUTE T0 VAR MENORIL {Two Gifts of $500 Each Are | Received by Central Lahor Union Committee. ‘Two contributions of $500 each from union organizations have been received ‘M the executive committee of the Cen- tral Labor Union in charge of the campaign to complete financing of the Distriet of Columbia World War Memo- rial, it was announced last night by Prank W. Lge, chairman, vice president of the Mount Vernon Savings Bank. Columbia Lodge, No. 174, Interna- | tional Association of Machinists, at its last regular meeting at Naval Lecdge Hall, Fourth and Pennsylvania avenue southeast, unanimously adopted the of its executive com- from | of its members. The was presided over by Willlam Smoot, retir- president. Robert Janson, new president, who was installed at the ses- sion for the ensuing year, is appointing a committee to take active charge of the distribution of pledge cards among the membership. Carpenters Give $500. The Carpenters’ District Council of the Dis rict of Columbia and vicinity | has appropriated $500 from its treas- | ury and appointed a committee of five | to forward the work of the memorial | campaign. The committee consists of Richard Burdette and John Sworthort, business agents of the council, and George Meyers, E. S. Campbell and Albert Caya. Chairman Lee of the Union Executive Campeign Committee has assigned Mr. Campbell and Mr. Caya to take charge of the work in the four carpenters and Joiners' local unions here, Nos. 132, 1,694, 1,665 and 528. Edward Roche of the executive com- mittee, who is in charge of the cam- paign in the Government Printing Of- fice, reported that the bookbinders in that office had made a contribution to date, as a partial offering, of $200. John Geiger, business agent, reported that the auxiliary of Bakers’ Local 118 had assessed themselves 50 cents a member for support of the memorial. Mr. Geiger also reported that the Ice Cream Makers' local had also decided to make an assessment of 50 cents a man for support of the memorial. To Solieit Department Stores. The executive committee has moved to solicit the co-operation of the large rtment stores of the city. Miss Borchardt of the Teachers' Union will represent the committee in this work. Among recent special contributions acknowledged were $50 from the Gov- ernment Employes’ Branch, No. 26, and a personal contribution of $20 from Charles D. German of the National Lithograph Co. J. P. Simpson reported that the or. ganization of the campaign among Gov- point ‘h:mpbnsl'"pe':):fldln‘ wmm where regular c rej now can be made to the executive com- mittee in charge of the campaign. The meeting of the executive com- mittee, with R. A. Dickson serving as secretary, was held in the Machinists’ Building, end was presided over by Chairman Lee, who recently returned from his vacation at Atlantic City. There was a complete attendance, and many plans for pushing forward the cam| were The commit. tee is raising $20,000 in order to in- crease the funds already in hand, amounting to about $135,000, to the total goal of $155,000 needed to erect | l!’l’.bekwcrld War Memorial in Potomac | GALLANT FOX LOSES AFTER 6 VICTORIES IN TRAVERS STAKE | (Continued From Pirst Page.) was run was the worst it perhaps ever has been. That was evident from the time and manner of running of previous races. It should have been a warnin to such masters as Earl a Sonny Workman. But each seemed Jealous of the other and evidently thought the victory was within his hand gTasp or permit to escape. Jim Dandy and Sun Falcon, the only others of the fleld after W. R. Coe's Caruso had been scratched, they evidently thought to be as much despised as the odds the oralists quoted against them. | At the word Whichone and Gallant | Fox drew off to the lead. They were pumping at top speed. Gallant Fox, which broke from far out—he drew No. 4 position—crossed over in the run | to the turn until he was lapped on ! Whichone as they circled the club | house bend. Workman purposely car- ried wide here for the botter footing and Jim Dandy, saving ground by kegping to the rail, dropped into the top of the back stretch three lengths behind m_zr mleuleu y were stepping all the way. Whichone whirled the ' first quarter through going sticky as glue in the fast time of 0.34%. with Gallant Fox right at his throat latch. At the end of the half mile, just after the back stretch had been reached and which was run in :48%, Gallant Fox felt out Whichone. w giant strides he was up and . almost drawing clear. Whichone nswered from the inside. He bore { down, caught Gallant Fox after a short {Tun, but could not shake him off. Baker Makes Charge. And 5o they struck the three-quar- ters in 1:15%. Two runs Sande had made with the Fox and twice Work- man had answered with Whichone. But all the while Baker on gim Dandy was sitting still as grim death and watching the killing struggle pictured before his eyes. As they neared the end of the mile, run in 1:41 flat, Baker made his charge. Whichone was holding his own at the time, though it seemed that Sande had not called fcr everything the champion But when Jim Dandy swept up on the inside, Sande | came with all he had to the outside | of ‘Whichone. The latter began to| ! falter. Probably here it was that the | | lame hoof went back on him. Jim | Dandy, reveling in the mud and caving | | ground, gradually drew off from Gal- lant Fox as Which.ne dropped out of | it. Al three were tired at the end.| Jim Dandy won by 6 lengths. Gallant | Fox was 5 lengths in front of Which- one. The latter led Sun Falcon, the constant trailer, by a half dozen lengths. Had, Gallant Fox won today to in- crease his earnings by $27,050 he would have had $302,030 to his credit, dan- gerously close to the world record of $313,639 held by Zev. He earned only | $4,000 and Whichone $2,000. Gallant | Pox has now won $276,980 and must await the Saratoga Cup and Lawrence Realization to make real hay again. HUGHES ON WAY HERE Chief Justice und_!'_nmily Have Been Motoring Abroad. NEW YORK, Augusi 16 (#).—Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States, returned with his wife and daughter, Elizabeth, on the Levia- than today from a motor trip through Northern France and Belgium, ‘The Chief Justice and his family, who have been abroad since early June, will g0 _to their home in Washington. wi 0 to deliver ress of w'e?wme at_the annual meeting of the American Bar Assoclatiop. | i DISTRICT GATHERS TAX BURDEN DATA Richards Gathers Figures on Area and Land Values for Senator Bingham. | 3 | (Continued From First Page.) ,gations that may be called for by the House group, but has received no re- quests thus far, presumably because the | committee has not yet been organized. | The members had left for their homes |in various parts of the country when | their appointments were announced. Census Figures Available. The bureau in 1928 compiled a lengthy report on fiscal relations for Congress, including tables on per capita taxes in Washington and a group of comparable cities. New jation figures are now available at the Census Bureau and it is possible the efficiency experts may make a check of the estimates of population used at that time with the new 1930 census res to see whether the variations would affect the results. Thomas F. Murphy, assistant chief of the EM- ciency Bureau, said such a check would be a comparatively simple matter. Meanwhile the Committee on Munici- pal Finance of the Washington Board of Trade, headed by its chairman, Joshua Evans, jr., will keep itself ready to support the plea of the people of the District for an equitable settlement of District_finances as it has done in the past. This commiitee two years ago made comprehensive tax surveys of 120 cities, gathering valuable comparative figures. Robert J. Cottrell, secretary of the Board of Trade, will attend the national tax conference to be held in Kansas City in October as one step in keeping abreast with developments on the sub- Ject of taxation generally. Bingham Requests Data. The data which Senator Bingham has asked the District Building to fur- nish him, would include the following: The area and estimated value of lands owned by the United States, ex- cept streets, alleys, parks and any areas occupied or held by the District Gov- ernment, Lands, except streets, to which title is in the United States and which is occupied or held by any branch of the District government. Property, except streets and alleys, to which the title is in the District of Columbia and which is occupled or heid by the District. Property, except streets and alleys, to which ‘the District has title, but which is occupled or held by any branch of the Federal Government. Property owned by forelgn govern- ments and exempt from taxation. Land exempt from taxation, other than that owned by the United States, ‘m;‘hb‘fln‘k:t and foreign governments. areas and value of land in the park system, to which title is in the United States. Lands in the park system to which title is in the District government. Developed subdivided taxed land, which has streets, water service, sewers and lights. Taxed parcel property and undevel- oped subdivided taxed land, which is not supplied with water service, sewers and street lights, Seeks Proper Division of Expenses. In requesting this information Sena- tor Bingham said he is endeavoring to reach a basis for proper division of the expenses of the District and that he regarded this data as important in such an_effort, During the many weeks that the cur- rent appropriation act remained in con- ference at the last session, due to the dispute over the Fedral contribution, Senator Bingham, along with the other conferees, had occasion to give a great deal of thought to the factors enter- ing Into the maintenance of Washing- ton because of its position as the Na- tional Capital. Untll the House special committee begins its inquiry, District officials will not know definitely what proposed changes in taxation here will be con- sidered, and at the present time, there- fore, they are merely taking the pre- liminary step of having the as-essor obtain the latest available informa- tion on various forms of taxation that might be proposed in such an inquiry. All that is known at this time about the possible scope of the tax study is the claue in the resolution creating the committee, which reads as follows: “Such committee is also authorized and empowered to investigate fully the various forms of municipal taxation and sources of revenue of the Disirict of Columbia and to recommend to the House such new forms of taxation and sources of revenue and such changes in existing forms of taxation and sources of revenue as to them may seem just and fair.” This direction to make a tax survey was in addition to the authorily con- ferred on the committee in a previous paragraph to make recommendations as to the amount the Federal Govern- ment should contribute annually toward District expenses. Records Show Tax Volume. Records in the assessor's office show the heavy volume of taxes that have been paid by the people of the District in recent years, under the full-value assessment, as compared with previous vears. These figures show that for the nine vears from 1924, when the full- value basis began, to 1931, the real es- tate tax amounted to an aggregate of $140,000,000, or about the same as was Ppaid in 40 years previous to 1923. ‘The assessor's figures also show that | from 1918, when the intangible tax began, to 1913 this tax has amounted to a total of $60,000.000, whereas for 30 years previous less than $20,000,000 was collected in personal tax Among the agencies which have made studies of the District’s tax system in recent years was the Institute for Gov- ernment Research of the Brookings In- stitution. In a volume on the govern- ment and administration of the Dis- trict of Columbia the institute included a chapter on taxation here, prepared by Dr. Thomas Walker Page of the Insti- tute of Economics. This treatise dis- cussed various possible changes in the plan of taxation, but it is too early to tell what particular proposals on taxa- tion will be advanced in the forthcom- ing congressional study of the subject. ‘When the current appropriation act was in deadlock between the House and Senate at the last session President Hoover indicated an interest in the problem, and it is understood that dur- ing his recent conference with the Dis- | trict heads at his Summer camp on the Rapidan some attention was given to the subject of District finances, as well as to a legisiative program for the Dis- trict at the coming session. COL. ABBOTT, WAR FLYER, FATALLY HURT IN FALL Pursuit Plane of His Own Design Was on Test Flight With Veteran Chute Jumper. By the Associated Press. BERKELEY, Calif., August 16.—Col. Harry Abbett, former war flyer, was fatally injured today, when his pursuit plane fell from an altitude of 400 feet at Berkeley Alrport. Abbott's plane, a tiny racing craft of his own design, was on a test flight. Abbott, who has a notable war record, is a veteran parachute jumper. He once was an_instructor of aviation in the Army of the late Sun Yat-Sen, Chinese Republican leader. More recently he was an instructor a: Mills Field, San Prgycisco, UGUST 17, 1930—PART ONE. | IN SOUTH CAROLINA RACE l ! MYSTERY CLOUDS SENAT[]R’S_ DEATH lllinois State Official Poisoned by Gang He Feared, Brother Charges. \ By the Associated Press. CHICAGO, August 16.—State Senator John T. Joyce, who feared death be- cause ke testified in court that gunmen invaded the forty-second ward during the Aprif primary election, died under mysterious' circumstances today and his | brother chavged he had been poisoned. Goroner Herman N. Bundesen an- nounced that Joyce died of “oedema of the brain due to toxic origin,” and J. Frank Lever (left) of Lexington and W. W. Smoak, Walterboro newst his chemist to make histologic: paper editor, are candidates for the Demeocratic nomination for Govermer of | earadh ) . South Carolina in the August 26 primary. —A. P. Photos. WILD SCHEMES TO BRING RAIN Radio, Airplanes and Vengeance of Lor. for Wickedness of Nation Are Blamed for Drought in BY THOMAS R. HENRY. ‘The United States Weather Bureau is recelving scores of suggestions for making rain. The unprecedented drought evidently has challenged the inventive genius of the American people, but thus far, Weather Bureau experts say, not a single idea worth consideration has been advanced. Many of the rain-making schemes, in fact, go back to one of the mos® primitive forms of human thinking— imitative magic. The crude natural philosophy held by savage tribes from time immemorial, probably even ante- dating religion, is advanced over and over again, often cloaked in a pseudo- scientific terminology. Some of 5‘1en| ideas are described as revelations “just received from the Lord.” Many Declare Lord Avenged. Sometimes superficially ingenious scientific suggestions are received. All of these to date have contained fallacies immediately obvious to trained meteorol- ogists, Many of the letters are religious in tone, declaring the conviction of the writers that the drcught is a super- natural vengence on a wicked nation, which can be ended only by supplica- tion. Others are from obvious para- noics, who insist that ways to end the drought have been confided to them by the Lord. They will reveal their knowledge for a proper reward, such as being made dictator of the United States. Many of these letters are written di- rectly to President Hoover and sent to tne Weather Bureau from the White House. Some complain bitterly that Government agents have refused to lis- | ten to them, or are too ignorant and | narrow-minded to grasp the significance | of suggestions. Actually every letter sent to the Weather Bureau is answered, however absurd the suggestion. No- where would an idea that gave the slightest promise of validity be wel- comed more eagerly, for the meteorolo- gists them-elves know of no practical system of artificial rain-maki and would try anything, not obviously im- possible or disproved by experiment in the past, which offered a reasonable hope. l%:nrly all the scientific and pseudo- scientific suggestions, according to Dr. Williara J. Humphreys, who receives many of the letters, are variations of well known ideas which do not work. Nearly all rain-making schemes fall into familiar categories, such as cool- ing the upper atmosphere, sprinkling the atmosphere with dust particles, ef- fecting the condition of the atmosphere with noise and shutting down radio sta~ tions and superpower plants. All these have been investigated thoroughly in the past. Cooling Suggestion Partly Logical The idea of cooling parts of the upper atmosphere, it was explained, has a certain logic but is based on a miscon- ception of the rain-making process. It was tried in the earliest days of bal- looning, more than a century ago. The balloonist took up & load of cracked ice and shoveled it upon a cloud. This actually caused rain, for the ice fell in the form of water drops. But th. rain was somewhat less than the amount of cracked ice which the bal- had taken up with him. of course, there are more ef- fective cooling substances. The most fiequent suggestion along this line is to sprinkle the clouds from airplanes with liquid air. WActually, the meteorologists say, this hardly could be done on a large enough scale to have any effect. But if there was any result at al it would be the opposite of that expeeted. The scheme is based on the idea that the moisture from humid warm air is squeezed out by the contraction of the volume of the air by cooling, and falls as rain. This, however, is only a super- ficial explanation of the rain-making mechanism. Artificial cooling of a volume of air would tend to make it | fall to a lower level where it would be warmed again and could hold more moisture. Dust Suggestion Frequent. Dust-sprinkling suggestions are fre- quent. It is true, the meteorologists say, that dust particles in the air are practically essential to the formation of water droplets, but there is always an oversupply. It is not lack of dust, but lack of water which is responsible for drought. One man wrote in the other day sug- gesting that aviators shovel powdered cement on the clouds. The cement would come down all right—most of it. The result might be a miniature cement. hailstorm, if the suggestion was carried out cn a sufficient scale. ‘Then there is the idea that lots of noise will cause rain. This, Dr. Hum- phreys explains, has the weight of prec- edence behind it. Statistically, it can be shown that most of the great battles previous to the World War, where there was Intensive artillery firing, have been followed—sooner or later, at least —by rain. But there is no physical reason why noise should make rain, and the meteorological statistics of the Na- poleonic and Franco-Prussian wars in Europe and the Civil War in the United States can be explained in a simpler way. Rain Followed Ancient Battles. Dr. Humphreys points out that the observation of rain following a battle was made long before the days of ar- . It first was mentioned by Plutarch. Some attributed it to the unusual noise of men shouting and screaming and the rattle of swords against shields. Others thought it was due to the greater amount of moisture absorbed in the air from the sweat of the soldiers and the blood of the wounded. ~Others thought the gods were weeping at the sight of men be- having so scandalo 3 But, it is pointed out, in the days of open warfare no general would be ilkely to start an offensive in wet weath when streams were high, maneuvers diMeult and baggage and avtillery like- ly to get stuck in the mud. He would walt for favorable weather conditions, which would meegy that the air already Daily etters. had absorbed a great deal of moisture from the surface of the earth and was about ready to let it go in the form of rain. Rain usually followed battles be- cause the best time to fight was also the time when conditions were most favor- able to produce rain. Noise Theory Declared Failure. Unfortunately for the noise advocates and contrary to the general impres- sion, it is explained, the theory failed in the noisiest of all wars—the World War. True, there was lots of wet 5% | weather in Northern France, especially from the viewpoint of American iroops unaccustomed to a wet climate. But one year was exceptionally dry and careful studies by th French and British meteorologists of the velations of artillery fire to rain showed no rel tion at all. There was little open neuvering—so battles did not have to wait on the weather as in past wars. The noise-rain idea is ancient in human thought. Savage magicians, trying to make rain, beat on a drum to imitate thunder, with the idea that the elements will accept the suggestion. The survival of the concept in modern thought seems due, meteorologists say, to a statistical coincidence. e simply is no reason why noise should make rain. Then come the letters from those who think radio broadcasting has something to do with it. But, Dr. Humphreys says, this can have no physical effect on the atmosphere which could in any way affect the production of rain. Some of the letters are worded in seemingly scientific language, but very few of them show any basic under- standing, either of radio or of rain. “Mysteries” Connected in Mind. ‘The connection of rain and radio, the meterologists say, is essentially a return to the pre-scientific argument by proximity. The mind has a tend- ency to connect unusual, mysterious things near each other in place br time. The drought is a mystery—to many a manifestation of supernatural displeasure. Radio also, to thousands of persons, is a mystery, with its behavior partaking of the supernatural. It is the most astounding ‘“new thing” in the world, so it is natural to attribute to it far greater potentialities than it really has. Thus, through a funda- mental but fallacious process of think- ing, radio and dry weather are tied to- gether. A few years ago, it is ex- plained at the Weather Bureau, pro- longed dry weather used to be accom- panied by letters attributing it to mys- terious functions of high-power lines. Now these are old enough to be fa- miliar. They have lost their super- natural attributes. But some still be- lieve that the drought is connected in some fashion with airplanes. There are frequent suggestions of na- tional days of prayer—the potency of which, of course, is quite outside the province of the Weather Bureau. It is concerned only with the physical and chemical complexes of cause and effect which enter into weather :henomenl and cannot speculate on the possible setting aside of natural laws. Possible Scheme Overlooked. ‘Thus far, says Dr. Humphreys, no- body apparently has thought about the one way of manipulating nature which might reelly produce rain—by pro- ducing a tremendous conflagration such | as would destroy a great city or an enor- mous area of the countryside. Even the largest forest fires now raging are too feeble to produce any real effect. But when there is a high humidity forest fires do cause clouds and, in conceivable circumstances, actual rain. The idea is to get enough warm air rising from the surface of the earth. Be- sides, the combustion of wood releases certain amount of moisture in the atmosphere. Enough warm air going up with enough meisture in it might turn the trick. But m.ost people think the earth buming up fast enough as it Besides, this method‘ m‘:‘ fit ln;io the thought process of lve magic which :'ould associate fire with dry weather instead of wet. Here is a sample of the letters from persons who think radio and other “new-fangled” inventions may have something to do with the drought, just received by The Star: “Since a few months past I have developed the fantastic theory that the development of radio saps the strength of the hydrogen, and the constant use of automobiles and flying machines throwing off carbon monoxide disturbs the oxygen, and these two agencies, working in conjunction, make a dis~ proportion of atomical component gases, argon, helium, neon, kripton and carbon dioxide, These conditions cause a lack of ether, lessening the precipitation of water, hence dry heat.” All 'this, the experts say, means about as much to them as to the ordinary reader—that is, nothing. Electrical Theory Expoundéd. Says another letter writer: “All stu- dents of matters electrical know that electricity may be produced and used, but cannot be destroyed; that once used it is lost by & process of emana- tion; that the radio activity of the sun’s rays is electrical. It is also a matter of common knowledge that rain rises from the earth as vapor and by reason of the coolness DL the upper strata of the al , and, 0o weighty, of a necesity falls back earth. Every sound from the numerous broadcasting stations is sent forth by electrical vibra- tion, thus further electrifying the at- mosphere until it is now so pregnant with electricity, which is intensified heat, that the vapors cannot find above a sufficient of coolness condense. Let the authorities order all unnecessary broads discontinued for & period of two weeks. Before the expiration of that period you will find lower temperatures and plenteous rain.” A correspondent of > Star his belief that only prayer will bring rain, but the congregations gathering all over the drought area for prayer make him wonder. It is well Onfllfia he says, to turn to the Lord in trouble, but who ever heard of such meetings to thank Him for His bounty in years when there was plenty of rain. Another believes there is no need of scientists trying to explain the drought when urudy.uure is a sufficlent ex- is is. to | for poulf and pathological examination of the tissue and fuids of the body. He found no visible evidence. of poison in the Joyce apartment. Feared to Testify. g of ouster proceeding ag: the head of the election board, asked to name some of the gunm said he had seen cruising abcut ward on election day. “You may not care for your life. I do for mine,” he answered. JFriday he was summoned before ti+: grand jury, and it was reported he h: named one of the gunners. The Dai'3, News said Tommy Abbott. North 8iyi¥ gangster now charged with robbery i3 Rockford, Iil, was the machine llmn} named. Joyce was to have nppurtl ::fore the grand jury again next Mon- y. Natural Causes View. Edward Joyce, the Senator’s brother, said Joyce came home last night at 11:30 and retired. Early foday he awoke choking and gasping, and died without speaking. Mrs. Mary Flannery, a sister of the dead man, said late in the day the family was of the opinion that death was due to natural causes. Joyce was 36 years old, and had been a prominent Republican politician for years and a State Senator since 1922. WALTER FOWLER QUITS GOVERNMENT SERVICE Treasury Employe 12 Years, Man, 83, Entered U. 8. Work When Lincoln Was President. After 12 years as' a guard in the Treasury Building, Walter P. Fowler is quitting the workaday world. At the age of 83, Mr. Fowler, who is one of the best known among the Treasury guards, is retiring to his home at 622 D street southwest. Abraham Lincoln was President when f:e first entered the Government serv- ic e. Born in Washington February 16, 1847, and reared in County, Md. Mr. Fowler became a member of the postal service in 1864 and traveled from Cumberland, Md., to Wheeling, W. Va. He married in 1869 and chortly thereafter left the service to enter business in the Capital. He remained out of the service until 1918, and then became a Treasury Depart- ment employe. A number of things about this era Mr. Fowler professes not to understand, one of them being the divorce situation. “Some ot these folks don't stay mar- ried 10 days,” he remarked contempiu~ yo\el:lm “Why I lived with my wife 58 s Mrs. Fowler died several years ago. FOUR SERIOUSLY HURT IN AUTOMOBILE CRASH Police Say Men Failed to Make Turn on Franconia Road Near Alexandria, Va. Special Dispateh to The Star. ALEXANDRIA, Va., Four men received serious to- night when the automobile in which they were riding overturned on the Franconia road about two miles below this city. Police say they falled to take a turn while traveling at high speed. All were brought to the Alex- andria ‘Those Hospital for treatment. injured were Dewey P. Crea- gan, 29 years old, of 521 South Alfred Street, who sustained injurles to his head and lacerations on the left arm; Hampton Hurley of Fairfax County, driver of the machine, who received & broken leg and head injuries; Wade | Pollen, 1000 block Queen street, who received a broken left leg and injuries to his right leg, and Willlam Mazinao, 600 South Fairfax street, who received cuts and bruises. rl"!fl’l‘l’fll( ?:untlyhpollfe were notified o e accident by Alexandria who investigated the affair. PO MACNIDER COMING HERE FOR HIS INSTRUCTIONS By the Associated Press. MASON CITY. Iowa, August 16.— -1 Col. and Mrs. Hanford MacNider will leave tonight or tomorrow for Wash- ington, D. C. and Ottawa, where the colonel will acquaint with humduths as Minister to N They will not move to Ottawa until later, MacNider said. He will confer with State and Com- merce Department officials at Washe ington. He also plans to attend the Ohio and Pennsylvania American {.};fl:'nd‘cm:m!mns and will speak at ica of a memorial bridge Harrisburg, Pa. 8 Fire Destroys Timber. MARENGO, Wis., August 1 i More than 35,000 acres mma..g;‘?m timber was destroyed by a forest fire near here today e flames at one time advanced to within a mile and g‘llrfzr of the village limits, but prog- s was checked by a shift in wind. planation in the Bible. At least twice a great drought is predicted for the f:yd when men turn away from the rd. Seaweed Food Suggested. Others are devoting their attention to a practical side of the problem not rc‘gncgned‘ with rain-making, but with W to get along as comfortably as pos- :Ee sv:itmtt.l: nu;:, AA empondn’ t of cretary o ture s ts that, while the wtunnmxl:\ the m“llfl it area are burning up and cattle are go- ing hungry, there are almost inex- haustible supplies of seaweed ing along the Atlantic Cost. not harvest it and rush it inland by fast freight? he asks. He continues: “Have used seaweed as Winter food for the past 10 L It is light to dark brown in color, but hot water poured over it quickly its color to a bright green, she g that there is plenty of chlorophyl. Gathered in November, it lasts to the following April in a large pile out of doors, with very little deterioration. frozen it can be chop ped out quickly in Ja out quicl chunks with an ax apd rendered :-‘f tremely r\huhle in a few minutes by soaking it with hot water. unegelnd cattle soon learn to like it. It is rich in’ vitamins and minerals, some carbohy= drate and a low-grade protein. “The Chinese and Japanese have used seaweed as food for man and beast for centuries.” §