Evening Star Newspaper, July 17, 1930, Page 8

{THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY.... true Comm rinnically as Czars. may never be cured of its tendency to- parac] ...July 17, 1930 Russia is a land of paradoxes. It|but the fiyers live to try again if they destre. THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor ‘ward contradiction and contrast. Stalin Both of these crashes were caused The Evening Star Newspa 11ty e AR ooy | eNew RoPk Sice: 110 East A ghltl(o Office: Lake Michigan Builaing. | European Office; 4 e agoat 8t., London, r Rate by Carrier Within the City. nine Star............ 45 ver month e Evening and Binday Biar (when 4 Sundavs) . 60c per month ‘The Evenin, unday Biar (when 5 ) .. .68¢ per month )¢ Sunday Star 5c rer copy Collection made at t! each morth. rders may be sent in by mail or telephone Ationsl 5000. Rate by Mafl—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, {ly and Sund 1yr., $10.00 ily only ~. lay only ... All Other Stllfl and Cllllldl. Iy and Sunday. 12.00: 1 mo. aily only . u 1,00 $300: 1 mon 7se inday only .00: 1mo.. 80¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled %o the use for republication of all news dis- atc redited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and also the local rews Published herein. All rights of publication of Special dispatches herein are mlso reserved. —_— Tax Rate and Surplus. It has been taken for granted that there would be no change in the tax rate for the current fiscal year, inas- much as Congress forbade a reduction and the appropriations were based on & revenue availability under the $1.70 rate. There is more interest in next Year's tax rate than in the rate formally proclaimed yesterday by the Commis- sioners for the figeal year that began | July 1. Next year's tax rate will de- *pend largely upon the size of the esti- mates about to be forwarded to the Bureau of the Budget by the Commis- sioners and upon the action that Con- @ress takes in approving these estimates and fixing the size of the Federal con- tribution. Under a $1.70 tax rate this year barely enough money will be raised to finance the appropriation bill that squeezed through by the skin of its teeth in the closing hours of the last session. ‘The result is that a com- fortable surplus of unexpended rev-! enues, built up during the past few years, will have been exhausted and the District will begin the next fiscal year dependent entirely upon current rev- enues and the Federal contribution. But this is as it should be. Accumulation ©f a surplus—not including, of course, the cash balance for maintaining the eity on a pay-as-you-go basis—is not only unnecessary, but is apt to wark o the disadvantage of the taxpayers. A surplus was built up in the past, first, because of a ‘Budget Bureau pol- ey that did not permit the Commis- #loners to estimate on the expenditure of all the money they knew would be available; second, because Congress en- Joined the Commissioners against re- ducing the tax rate and, finally, because Congress did not appropriate all the money that could have been appro- priated. « ‘ The result was that whenever Dis- may be the dictator of the Soviets for @ litgle while and then fall because he is too severe or too moderate. Rykoff may be the chastened premier of the cabinet today and tomorrow succeed Btalin as the chief in power. Or a new man may appear, with even more brutal powers of dictatorship, to sweep away all others and run the show for a time. But these latest happenings at Moscow do not disclose any signs of a more practical statesmanship for the ruling of Russia in accord with the real prin- ciples of democracy. ————— Communism in the Schools. A committee of the House of Rep- resentatives is now engaged in in- vestigating the activitles of Com- munists in this country. It recently took testimony in Washington and is now sitting in New York gathering much important information regard- ing the work of the revolutionary radi- cals, whose activities are mainly cen- tered in that city. The other day evidence was given by school authori- ties with reference to the work of the Young Communists, the youthful agi- tators who, under the almost direct guidance of the Third Internationale at Moscow, are seeking to pervert the children of America. The general trend of this testimony was that very little progress is being made by these mischievous factors and that on the | contrary there is building up in the schools of New York a stout resistance on the part of the children themselves under the instruction and guidance of the teachers. A few of the teachers, said one witness, have shown sympaihy for the Communist crusaders, but these faithless instructors are being weeded out of the system. In less than half & dozen schools in New York are there any real signs of Communist infection. This is a gratifying disclosure. It has been feared tha® the Young Com- munists, who are undoubtedly trained specifically for propaganda with their own generation, have had a more per- nicious influence. In this city there has been a great deal of mischievous work among the school children by both adult and juvenile preachers of Com- munist doctrine. The situation, how- ever, is being closely watched and remedies for such destructive agitation are available for application at the first sign of real danger. ‘Unquestionably there is a certain per- centage of the school population in every large city subject to question on the score of the soundness of personal views regarding social organization and government. Much of this, however, evaporates. The precocious propensity for opposition passes in most, cases. Home environment, youthful associa- tions and just at present the laxity of restraining influences make “converts” of & few, who would probably in any case, whether there were a Third In- that nemesis of airmen, an opaque fog. Aeronautical science as yet has found fio means to guide an aviator safely on his way when he encounters a mist that shuts out visibility. Al- though instruments have been devised to show the pilot almost everything connected with his operation of the plane, none has yet been created to keep him accurately on his course through fog. In Goldsborough's case the fallacy of the altmeter was again shown. This instrument registers alti- tude above sea level, not altitude above the ground. According to Mockler the altmeter on Goldsborough's plane rey istered 2,500 feet when the crash oc- curred, but the tip of the mountain which the plane so unfortunately hit was likewise 2,500 feet above sea level. Scientists all over the world are working on the problem of fog-flying and it was only recently that John Hays Hammon, Jr., famous son of a famous father, announced that successful tests had been conducted with a small tele- vision apparatus to be placed in front of the pilot so that he could determine with absolute accuracy the type of terrain over which he was flying re- gardless of the condition of the ele- ments. In this tiny screen devised by Mr. Hammond is set u a picture of the ground by electrical impulses. Per- haps some such apparatus as this will be the solution of the problem. If it is the death rate from airplane crashes will be appreciably reduced. —oe—s. killed and many hundreds injured in this country in celebration of the Fourth. Without reference to the ac- tual statistics this would seem to ap- pear as about comparable with the casualties in the Spanish-American War. It might be well for each Ameri- can family to sing inspiring and pa- triotic songs to its young people the night of the 3rd, just as we sang to the outgoing boys back in '98. e Now Portugal raises her tariff to meet the United States new schedule. 1t looks as if Messrs. Smoot and Haw- ley have not & friend in the world out- side of this country. All this is some- what reminiscent of the childhood jingle which begins, “Nobody loves me; God hates me; have to go out in the garden and eat worms.” —————————— Some men now commute by airplane. It must be nice rot to have to bring rakgs, hosa and «watering pots home, either by hand or in rumble seat. e The world champion log-roller, an Eeu Claire, Wis, man, is & youth of but twenty years. What material for the House of Representatives! —_— Any pair of parents with as “reg’ler a feller” for & son as Michael, former King of Rumania, certainly ought to One hundred and seventy-cight were |t trict finances were discussed on the ternationale at Moscow or not, ora Com- | make up once and for all. floor of the House, the surplus ¢f un- spent money was dramatically pointed out as refuting the claims that the Dis- trict needed more money. When the Benate sought to increase the lump sum from nine to twelve millions, the House spokesmen emphasized the fAct that the increase would merely create ® fat cash balance to the credit of the District. They characteristically failed %0 mention the fact that the surplus Wwas sorely needed for District projécts wunattended to, and that its accumu- lation denoted congressional falure to sppropriate for District expenses, and ot an opulent state of District of Co- Jumbia’ finances. Next year's appropriations probably ‘will call for more revenue than can be Taised by the tax rate now existing snd the lump sum of $9,500,000 appro- priated this year by Congress. The Commissioners, however, should trim their estimates to brifg them within this sum. If increased revenue is de- manded, it should be derived from the Federal contribution and not by in- @reased taxes. . A motor boat funeral was recently Been on a Scottish loch. Time is not far distant when funerals by auto- moblles were considered desecration. ‘Who will prophesy the date of the first ‘burial in which corpse and mourners | travel by plane? ——— More than s billion in the old lerge size currency is announced as still in efrculation. The circulation in question must be very poor, and “not gullty” Will be the answer of most to charges | ©f hoarding. P The Russian Paradox. Re-election of Alexei Rykoff to the| post of head of ¢he Russian cabinet,| while Joseph Stalin remains in his po- | sition as secretary general, appears to | have caused some surprise, inasmuch s recent dispatches have indicated an sxpectation in Moscow that Stalin would feplace Rykoff. Theré s, however, only \occasion for surprise in the retention of | Rykoff in any position of influence, since he has recently been’in disfa with Stalin and the'extreme “left wing' element of the Communist party. The fact is that Stalin as secretary general, not only of the commissars of the Mos- | munist propaganda, drift off into radicalism just as they, have done for generations past. ‘The important matter is to insure that the schools themselves are not made breeding grounds for insurrection through the thoughtless or deliberate influence of teachers. ————— Dr. Leopold von Auer. Dr. Leopold von Auer belonged to that group of men whose life work became of international scope. There is much talk of the international aspect of things, but it is given only to a few men to put it into effect. ‘ ‘The famous violin instructor, who had made the United States his home since 1918, was measured by the number of world-famous masters he produced by his methods of teaching. ' The names of Elman, Zimbalist, Heifetz, Parlow, Brown, Posen are known to all concert goers. To be able to say that one had studied with Auer was in ftself an honor. He combined & personal mas- tery of his instrument with unique teaching methods which enabled a ca- pable pupll to make the most of himself. More than that, however, Dr. Auer had a deep sympathy with the ambi- tious violinist. The records of his life show many touching stories of his help to those who came to study under him. He owed some of his fame to his pu- pils, but it was just here, perhaps, that his genius shone at its brightest. He was able to detect genius in others, and to bring it forth. What greater thing can a man do, in music, base ball, busi- ness, lite? e A Confederate veteran, celebrating his 115th birthday, was forbidden his daily swim by his doctor. Probably he ———————— London had only ten murders last year. Pooh! Small-tdwh stuff. RERE————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Flies. Now comes the fly—the early morning . fy. The angrchist, the traitor and the spy, ‘With all their wickedness are sinners slight, Compared to this invader, strange might Bids slumber vanish from the weary eye. Upon your brow with tireless feet of fuzz He promenades. does He notes with all his myriad sleepless eyes, whose Whate'er his victim E And to each angry protest he replies, In safety, with an irritating huzz Deflant of each well adjusted screen, He makes his way unbidden to the scene . And revels with indifference sublime In theft and various other kinds of crime; Then wings his way, unpunished and serene. 5 'Tis strange how fortune sometimes seems to bless Those who have naught but nerve and selfishness, For here and there some mortal you will spy + Who, like unto this same obnoxious fly, Doth thrive and glory in mankind's distress. Misrepresentation. “A great many public men are mis- is clean enough to last through now, anyway. ——oe—e. Airplane Accidents. Two airplane accidents, one fatal and one with a happler ending, occupy prominent places in the day's news. In |the death of Frank Goldsborough, | nineteen, holder of the junior trans- | continental record, America loses one of its outstanding young pilots and a lad who promised to become as famous in the flylng world as was his father, represented in the nawspapers.” “Certainly,” answered Senator Sorg- hum. “A lot of us are pictured as hand- some men of high motives and mar- velous intellects. Don't make a fuss about it. Let ’em misrepresent.” JIndustry. “Is your son industrious?” “It depends,” answered Farmer Corn- tossel. “He's liable to take his time doin’ chores, but if you ever get him on second base with a good hitter up, he's liable to be about the busiest thing on cow administration, but of the Commu- | the Jate Brice Goldsborough, who 10st | eartn.” nist party, is in the most powerful po- | sition of all in the Russian system of government. His re-election to that po- sition was affected with “thunderous cheers.” He is in all but the title of his ©office the successor of Lenin. Rykoff, as premier, is little more than 8 figurehead at Moscow. Stalin, as his life when the ill-fated seaplane plane of Mrs. Frances Grayson started on its last flight to Europe and fell to | & watery grave somewhere in the At- | lantic. Young Goldsborough was caught in & fog near Keene, N. H., and in at- tempting to get his bearings dove into a mountain side. His companlon, Looking Forward. By some future rallway genius ‘The records will all be broke, He'll invent a noiseless whistle And discover smell-less smoke. Making Talk. “I want to do something that will secretary general of the government and | Donald Mockler, succeeded in making|draw out the conversational abilitles: of the party, holds in his hands the reins of real power. The party is the government. of the party is the administration. Sta- ln is the “Poo Bah” of Russia in the possession of numerous titles, but he 1s actually an autocrat, in that the offi- «ces he holds are vitatly influential. This & the “interlocking directorate” that enables the Communist organization in Russia to control domestic affairs while conducting international propaganda without technically involving the gov- emment in interventionary activities. ‘There is no sign of a lessening of the Communist program in Russia. Ad- Justments and temporary abatements may occur to meet emergencies and to avoid losses, but the ideal of Lenin of & non-capitalistic state, with complete mutuality of participation, duty and vesponsibility o1 th rart of all the peo- Ble. remains b oI he oiigarchy that, | his way out of the dense underbrush [w secure succor and proved himself a The executive committee | hero in so doing. When the searching | Cayenne. | party’ succeeded in extricating the pilot from the wreck of his plane, how- lever, it was too late. The elghteen | hours' exposure made his death a cer- | tatnty. | The other crash, which, while not|roX. | fatal, was disappointing to its partici- pants, occurred in Georgia, when the ambitious refueling flight of the mono- plane K of New Haven, bound from New York to Buenos Alres, was brought Garland Peed, James Garrigan and Randy Enslow to an abrupt finish. of my friends,” said the hostess. “That's very easy,” answered Miss “Give a musicale.” Beginning of Trouble. “When I get rich I shall proceed to enjoy life,” said the sanguine person. “Maybe you will,” answered Mr. Cum- “But the chances are you'll have my experience. You'll find thaf you are up against a long program of acquired tastes, such as olives, Roquefort cheese and Wagnerian music.” 4 Outclassed. . Oh, sage and statesman, strangely small, Are all the honors you can claim, started out from New York Tuesday | Compared to those which now befall for' Havana, the first lap of their jour- ney. There they were to be met by & ‘They, like Goldsbor- refueling plane. The hero of & base balf game? m— “Sometimes,” sald Uncle Eben, “s ough, became lost in an impenetrable 'man uses up mo' strength lookin' foh fog, and, after cruising helplessly for a easy job dan' it woujd eight hou: found their gasoline tanks & reg’lar day’s work.” .. take to do D. C, THURSDAY, JULY 17, 1930. A8 ‘ THE. EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, : ! ! ; L THIS AND THA D BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Books as prizes unfortunately have gone out of style, but there are indica- tions that they will return again. dispatches Recent news dispat from Paris tell of the presentation of a “huge stack | t: of books” to & successful girl student by the President of the republic. ‘This recalls the eld days in America, when books and subscriptions to daily papers were awarded as prizes at county fairs. Perhaps few persons today recall those days, though the county fair movement has grown large with the country. Today the prizgs at the vari- ous annual fairs run into millions of dollars. Prizes now invariably are in money, together with the still-prized blue rib- and other honorary decorations. It is customary ve flowers, watches and money as uation prizes at school commencements. Seldom, if e:e;. 1€ ‘c“‘hog books awarded to a student, yet what more appropriate gift could there be? . priasint * ok % % The paucity of books as prizes or gifts does not come about because the American people have any the less re- gard for the printed word. One may feel sure of that, even if the huge output of books, magaszines and newspapers should not carry con- viction in itself. It would not be safe to say that we of today love books more than our elders, simply because we have more of them. Numbers count—in numbers. When we arrive at things intellectual, artistic or moral, the sway of numbers loses significance. Ome man who is right, although the world is against him, is right. The truly fine work of art, although a million prefer cheap chromos, is still the great work of art. The book that strikes home to the hearts and minds of men, although it be outsold by others, will come into its own 'in e. Men and women of 1930 have no less regard for books, but the times have changed, and with them the popular acceptance of other articles as prizes, awards, decorations of merit. We have discussed here in the past the queer selection of the committees which choose gifts upon the retirement of some one or pther, Only the other day SaW, ‘we admit with some amazement, set of candlesticks (we know the fancy name, but it is hard to spell, and pre- sents some difficulties with the singular and plural), entirely out of keeping with the man to whom they were given, a modest individual. It seems that every time a committee goes out to select such a gift, it gets the blind staggers, and picks on some- thing which the man who is to get it by no means would purchase for him- self—or for any one else, for that mat- ter. Such committees have a habit of selecting the most impractical things. ‘Those fancy candlesticks would de- mand a thousand-dollar sideboard to display them on, that was the main trouble with them. As candle holders they were gorgeous—but Pikes Peak would be gorgeous, too, set down in an average dining room. * kX A nice set of books, now, would solve all such problems. There is scarcely 8 man alive who would not like some favorite author in shiny bindings, fresh from the hands of the printer. Such sets usually cost rather more than the average man or woman is will- ing to pay. The only way he will ever get such a set is to have some one or | break; some group nt it to him. A(fioofme.oneurmomhpe- scholastic performances as demanded in_civil service examinations. t finer, more appreciated gifts could associates give a man or woman upon retirement than a set of books? Yet every one knows that books are never chosen, but in their stead clocks, Ve have o Kick ‘against these. thingn. we have no ese ¥ but merely make & plea for the inclu- sion of books in the list. * ok kX ‘The downward trend in book prices will help out in the proper placing of them as worthy prizes, awards, com- memorative gifts. Books are like pancakes—one usually wants a “huge stack” of them. The little French lady who got her “stack” from the hands of President Doumer- gue received a real gift. No doubt those books—and we -would | hi like to have the list—will remain prized possessions all her life, and will go down to her children and her chil- dren’s children. ‘The durability of bound volumes is & point decidedly in their favor, when one is considering them as gifts. The longevity of books is amazing. Despite the fact that they are made of paper, a fragile material, in a sense, they live to great ages. A book a hun- dred years old has only begun its career. Such are to be found at all second- hand stores for & song. A century is as nothing for a book. Mere age means nothing to it. Even the cheap- est printed and bound will last entire for hundreds of years, and come up smiling half way around the world. Even more amazing than their phys- ical durability is the endurance of a good book as a mental and spiritual thing. It is true that a good booki properly written, never grows out of date, as so many things do, but contin- ues to seek its home in the hearts and | Stad minds of men generation after genera- tion. One has but to think of the Bible. * ok ok * Another good point of the book as a prize is its ability to remain good until read. Sup) one is given a set of books for which one does not care. Time may work wonders, so that one ter all. Then he will find his books as good as new. The passage of time has not dimmed their message, nor has it made them seem worn and out of style. Good books are always in style. The culiar fluctuations of fancy, fad and g:lble have little to do with good books, the only sort which should be chosen for prizes and awards, as memory fts. A clock may run down, or its springs n easy chair may lose its stuffing; even the fanciest candlesticks become & niisance to shine. But a good book is & good book, any time, anywhere. It may be read when one is ‘gay and full of spirits, and it but adds to the general tone; it may be read when one is sad, and then it may uplift, help, or even exalt. All prizes and awards are well, but we are con- vinced that there can be none as good as book, for this thing will out- last pyramids. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From. Newspapers of Other Lands L MURCURIO, Santiago.—We do not understand all the written and oral propaganda against the public kennels (dog pound). | Death is a thing’ desirable and sweet when it comes to crown and terminate an unhlpgy life. And it Is generally accepted that the life of a dog, and especially of a homeless dog, is a life that is sad and without any attractions. The dog pound gathers in all the old and useless dogs which have lost their homes and are wandering ‘wretchedly about the streets. con- Dogs tent with their lot, who grow fat in |1 the courtyard of some rich mistress, have nothing to fear. It is the others, the outcasts and lowly, who enjoy all the benefits of the municipal kennels. Benefits? Yes, gentleme, and nothing but benefits. The vagabond dogs are collected by patient and proficient func- tionaries, who employ humane and scientific means to assuage their canine sufferings. They are gently introduced within a car and conducted to the pound, where there are cages, operating cells and a crematory. The last hours of these stray dogs are passed in almost a sybaritic luxury. They take their last ride in a beautiful vehicle which ban- ishes all their cares and fatigues. They survey through their screened windows the panorama of the city, well known to most of them, but never before beheld from such a tranquil refuge. They arrive then in a quarter which they do not recognize, but which appears to them spacious, pleasant and peaceful. There they are kept for 24 hours, to give any one a chance to reclaim them. As a rule, no one takes an interest in a wandering dog. Their last hours pass in comfort and satiety. They have food and water and a chance to rest and sleep. Then, when their hour has come, they are killed instantly by an injection of poison applied to each condemned by a careful attache of the institution. Is not this better than dragging out a wretched existence, a tottering shadow of a dog? * ok x & Injured Playing Base Ball in Venesuela. El Nueva Diaro, Caracas—Rafael Lopez, 32 years old, native of Caracas and an industrial. employe, who lives in house No. 180, -between Candilito and Tablitas, is an impassioned admirer of sports, and particularly beisbol (base ball, so spelled in Spanish to insure the correct English pronunciation). Re- cently, at 11:30 in the morning, Rafael found himself playing American ball with some other companions.in the Prado del Marie. The contest passed without incident or accident until near the end of the game, when Rafael tried to catch & very strongly impelled ball, which, however, unfortunately slipped through his fingers and struck him on the nose with great force, breaking some of the bones of that organ. The sport- ing gentleman was treated at the emer- gency department of the Vargas Hospital and then returned to his home. . * k¥ “Macedonia for The Macedonians.” La Macedoine, Geneva, Switzerland (published extraterritorially to evade censorship) —The territory of Macedon! as every one knows, has been divide as the result of postbellum conferences between Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece. This land should be an integral nation and that is why our war cry is “Mace- donia for the Macedonians!”—and not for partition among three alien and hostile nations. Just now the Serbian propaganda is the most offensive in its attempts at denationalization. They apparently intend either to absorb or e: ite the Macedonians in their allotted terri- tory. But this does not cause us any astonishment. The Serbian leaders have for some time rut conducteq themselves as they would in managing the affairs of & revolted colony. One could have forgiven this attitude . are, to us Macedonians, a veritable nsult. LR Honolulu Police Desert Ancient Station. Star-Bulletin, Honolulu.—"Honolulu Police Station—a Handsome Public Edifice,” reads a headline in the Hono- lulu Daily Bulletin of July 15, 1886. This “handsome ice” was de- serted recently by the police depart- 80 that ll“:l:ndwmer one can the Kapiolani Bui'd- ‘The old building, erected 44 years 8go, cost $70,000, including the site. Ground floor dimensions of the building were 62x58 feet, and the outside walls were of red brick covered with orna- mental stucco plaster. A decorative crown adorned the outside wall of the building in honor of King Kalakaua, ra)ao celebrated his fiftieth birthday in * X k% Prince Danilo Wins Suit From Film Concern. Le Matin, Paris—Damages in the amount of 100,000 francs have been awhrded, in a suit contested in Paris, to Prince Danilo of the State of Monte- negro, against an American film com- y for libelous caricature. Prince nilo claimed that in the screen presentation of “The Merry Widow” he was obviously the individual burlesqued in the character of the comic suitor and that his feelings were wounded and his | rig js dignity and reputation injured by th insinuations made in the picture, Thg film company contended that nothing personal was intended in their version of the comedy, and that in using che !allnn States b'xur [ l:lfin‘ vl'éhe ‘were only using a backgrond previously em- ployed in the plots an mnlrflu of many other productions, including the ec: avor of plaintift. s * k kX No Method of Estimating Value of Collar. Le Soir, Brussels.—A marvelous col- lar consist of 69 large and perfect pearls, weighing 700 grams (22 ounces Troy), has just arrived at the chants & Farmers' Exchange, 50 Boule- vard de Waterloo, where it is on exhi- bition. It #s not for sale, as there is no method of estimating its value, s Sy In the Churches. From the Portland Oregon Journal. There are 55 church members out of every 100 persons over 13 years of age in America. The 8ropemnn is_about the same as 10 or 20 years ago. It dis- proves the claim that there has been & heavy falling off in church member~ ship in npmpon.lon to population. The figures are from a survey and report by the Institute of Social d Religious Research, an organization financed by John D. Rockefeller, jr. ‘The figures indicate that the growth of church membership in this country, except in the large metropolitan centers, has kept pace since 1906 with the in- creasé in the country’s adult popula- tion, while the value of church prop- erty increased enormously. An {n- teresting sidelight is that whereas 58 per cent of the people living in towns end cities are church members, only 52 per cent of the rural inhabitants are church members. Nearly half of the Protestant ministers are not graduates of either college or seminary. Returns from most of the churches show that five women are church members for e four men. figures show 212 separate de- nominations in the United States, with 232,000 churches and 44,380,000 mem- bers, with 21,000,000 pupils in denomi- national Sunday schools, exclusive of children registered in undenominational Sunday schools and in parochial schools, Value of church edifices, not includ- ing pastors’ residences, investment :m o‘z‘;‘ school z‘l’mlfl?‘“' ’holplw: n er properties, aced 8 $3,800,000,000. v And ircidentally, from which the leavening influence of religious inclina- if they had not sought to deceive the world by pretending that Macedonia is led ure Serbs,” and other .fium e(pm same sort, which tions may be surmised, the report points out that in those States in w the portion "of ‘popuiation. 'With " shireh of populaf wl afliation undlpw be low, o The department | ¢ ‘| man of the boare was' more _ouf laration that Smith should lected. LY ‘The regular Democrats in Alabama, howevz‘r. seem to be better able to tl-k; George Norris name is a name to conjure with in Nebraska politics. This, by the way, has made the threatened entry of an- other George W. Norris dnto the Re- publican un:‘wnn mmn. all n‘:& more aggravating to lupgoflfll the SBenator. Senator Norris is credited with ha declared that if this name- sake of - in Brokenbow, Neb,, does not get out of the race, he himself will withdraw from the e publican primary and run as an in- dependent in November. Mr. Heflin is to run as an independent. The Demo- cratic State Committee settied that for m. And if reports from Alabama are correct, the running on an independent ticket in that State is not likely to be 80 good. It remains %o be seen whether Senmator Norris, who hitherto has al- ways run as a Republican, will volun- tarily take himself out of the party and stand for re-election as an independent. * ok ok % Mr. Norris must decide what he is to do about this matter by midnight to- morrow. That is the limit of time for withdrawals of candidates from the primaries in Nebraska, which take rl-ce August 12. Doubtless the Republicans who are candidates for the senatorial nomination would be glad to have Sen- ator Norris take himself out of the primary. Certainly it would mean that one of them would win the Republican nomination, which probably none of them could possibly hope to win with Norris in the primary. Listed as can- didates for the iblican nomination are Lieut. Gov. ‘bbins, Beatrice F. Cralg, who is running on a platform of cleaner politics; the octo- genarian, Aaron Reed, as a ‘wet, and the two George the Senator from McCook and the namesake from Brokenbow. * ok ok % ‘There has been talk of a getting to- gether of the Republican candidates, outside of Sénator Norris, to determine Wwhich one of-them is to make the race in the primary against the Senator. But so far no one has stepped aside in the interest of the others. The name- sake Norris apparently has vanished, after filing his petition. Of course this is merely a political trick and s such is not likely to get very far, except that it may bring Senator Norris to run as an independent instead of on the Re- publican ticket. The validity of the fil- ing of the petition by the Norris name- sake has been challenged on the ground that it was received too late, But there |has been no final decision by the author- ities in this matter. It may be there will be no decision until after it has become too late for Senator Norris to take himself out of the primary. he stays in the primary he cannot run in any event as an independent., * ok x % Different views are taken of Norris as an independent candidate. One is that he would be stronger as an inde- pendent than he would be running as a Republican, on the ground that the op- position to him would be divided be- tween the regular Republican and the publican strength will then be split be- tween Norris and the nominee of the ator Noj has g following in the State. How much of it will follow him as an independent remains to be seen if tries it out. The late Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin always ran as a Republican in his State until the last campaign in which he had part, in 1924. In thnlgn he ran as an inde- 'ndent candidate for President, and again demonstrated his great Bfir- sonal strength by carrying the te strongly. * k% ok The Democrats who have announced for the senatorial nomination in Ne- braska include former Senator Gilbert M. Hitchcock, Mfs. Jennie Calfas and Fred Hall, all of Omaha. The nomina- tion beyond doubt will go to Senator Hitchcock unless something should im- pel him to take his name out of the primary race by tomorrow night. He should make a strong candidate in his effort to return to the Seante where he served with considerable distinction. He is & newspaper publisher. His father before him was at one time a Repub- lican Senator from Nebraska. Senator Hitchcock early fell under the spell of the late William Jennings Bryan and became a Democrat. He and Bryan later fell out. The senatorial contest in Nebraska this year will be followed with the keenest interest. Senator Nor- arded as the real leader of the ives in the Senate today. * % k% The lines are set now for the sena- torial race in Montana this year, with Senator ’{‘1\:::“-1. w,:llsh. lDemr;-::;z, opposing Ju bert H. Galen of the State Supreme Court, Republican. The primary on Tuesday gavp Galen a two- to-one lead over his nearest opponent, O. H. P. Shelley. The Republicans are planning a real cam; in the State, believing they have a ng candidate in Judge Galen. Senator Walsh, how- inf hed and has a na- putation. Furthermore, con- ditions due to the fall in the price of wheat and depression in business seem to favor the Democratic nominees gen- erally in the coming election. . * ok kX of New York, chair- of the General Elec- tric Co., is recelving some support for progre: Owen D. Y the Democratic presidential nomination | PO’ in the West, according to Raymond R. Angell, who was in Democratic head- quarters of the Democratic National Committee in 1924, when John W. Davis was the party’s nominee. Mr. Young and Gov, lt, 1t is said, are both talked of as probable nominees for President in 1932, Presidential talk, However, will be minimized until after the congressional elections next November. If the make big gains in both Senate and House, the demand for the Democratic presidential fhomination is sure to be greater. Economic conditions in this country are going to affect the con- gesalnnu elections to a far greater ex- nt than politics. If the price of wheat remains at the bottom, so to speak, and other farm lucts are sold very low, the outlook for the Republicans will be distinctly bad. The voters are more in- terested in making a living and buying a radio and an automobile than they are in cmdmn':l‘or.pl*nu. The Invem’mon of the cam Boxpendlmni of Mrs. Ruth Hanna Mc- rmick, who won the Republican sen- atorial nomination, now in Chicago, has failed so that Mrs. McCormick “spent doll;l’l‘ or had any such sum in her cate pended expe behalf. Except for & few odd the statement to the ick and her tion very well. ’n:ls um‘ 'i\w'mlnv?.ld- gal J has reached about $325,000, a tidy sum, but a little short of a million. 2 * ok ok % And now it is suggested that the Senators who are opposing the ratifica- tion of the London naval treaty are really seeking to keep Claudius H. Hus. ton on the job as chairman of the publican Ni Committee, ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS: - BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN, \MMM i that the altitude. cold to warm air v.h‘ is known as an air pocket or bum except 2 cents in coin or stamps for return . _Address Frederic J. Haskin, director, The Evening Star In- formation Bureau, Washington, D. C. ;ulmhmmnelet—duy n."m" Arctic explorer, for $1 a year?—R. B, A. Sir Hubert Wilkins was charged $1 & year for the use of the United States submarine because it would be unlawful for the Government to let him have such & boat free of charge. This is the same principle under which men such as Herbert Hoover during the World War served for $1 a year. The Government could not acoept their services free. Q. Is C Q still used over the radio?— 'A. C QD, which was a distress sig- nal, is no longer used, but C Q, which means “Attention,” is still in use. Q. Is intisy rubber of high grade?— A. The latex of Euphorbia intisy, which flows from any cut in the plant, coagulates in the air without further treatment. The bands of rubber thus formed are of very high quality. This shrub or small tree is native to Mada=- and with its discovery in 1891 and the following commercial exploi- tation the plant has been almost ex= terminated. The United States Depart- ment of Agriculture has secured speci- mens and is experimenting with them in a hope of adapting this remarkable rubber tree to growth in this country. Q. Why did the University of Notre Dame refuse to let the producers finish ;he‘lo;t ball picture they started?— A. The motion pioture producers had completed & number of scenes and invested a considerable sum of money before they applied to the university Campis secrionces In the fim depleting campus sequences e g e Indutnmmeornmbdneghm. its reply the university expressed regret, ted that its function was to secure celebrity through scholarship rather than athletics. Q. Where is Col. Theodore Roose- velt?—W. A. 8. A. He is now Governor of Porto Rico. He should be addressed at San Juan. Q. What is the Crime Club?—E. B. A. It is a name given to the sub- scribers who wish to purchase certain b'o:h restricted to the mystery type of story. Q. What was t_ht_rgtln language of John A. Comenius?—E. M. A. John Am Heidelberg. The grea died at Amsterdam in 1670. language was German. Q What is meant by an air pocket?—O. V. H. A. The evenness of air while His native If | air is Q. Why can condenséd milk be kept in the can after lns. when vegeta- bles will spoll?>—H, P. C. A. It is because condensed milk has & sugar content of about 45 per cent Bacteria will not grow so quickly in condensed milk, Q. How large an acreage does it take to constitute a farm?—H. L. A. In taking the census anything from three acres up is considered a farm. No tract smaller than this is recorded as a farm unless it produced at least $250 in crops last year, . Please describe the new Chrysler Building in New York—8. A. J. A. It is 71 stories high and mrd by a 185-foot finial spire of stainless steel weighing 27 tons. From the sixty- first-floor setbacks the Chrysler tower changes into & multi-arched dome which finally converges into the needle- like finial. The 28 elevators have a 8 of 1,000 feet a minute. The total loor area is about 1,200,000 feet. The total load of the building, including all live and dead loads, is equal to the com- bined tonnage of three large battle- ships—112,000 tons. About 21,000 tons of structural steel were used. It rises 1,044 feet above the curb line. Q. Why are some pecans which have hard shells calied papershell?~L. C. W. A, The term “papershell” has been extended in its application until it is one could be easily cracked when two were crushed together in one hand, the term d recent years has been made to include all cultivated varieties, many of which have fully as hard shells as the average wild nuts, Q. What is the word whose abbrevi- ation is “pty.”? It is used in Australis after firm names much as we use “inc."—L. A. B. K. A. It stands for the word “proprie- On what flogr in the National Press Buil are the new offices of Q. What organization is planning a peace memorial on the Canadian- American boundary line?—D. H. L. A. The National Assoclation of Gi deners is planning an internation: peace garden as a permanent memorial commemorating good will between the two nations. The idea is the concep- tion of Henry J. Moore of the Ontario to the peoples of both countries. ' A committee has been appointed to col- lect $5,000,000 by popular subscription. Q. Are the American egret and snowy heron increasing in numbers or ST &4 opinion of the Depart meA‘m of lture that the American throuhgout the year and are found in & number of refuges and protected - eries. They have been seen farther north this year than in any other year. Some have been seen as far nol as usetts. Engineering at Boulder Dam Vies With Panama in Interest Popular interest in the harnessing of the Colorado at Boulder Dam as an en- gineering feat promises to rival or per- haps eclipse the building of the Panama Canal, if comment on the launching of this great project may be taken as an but an act of Providence e colossal enterprise now,” is ;he uél:.fled "Cht‘.nh;m: ll): the Pasa- ena Star-News, thoug! recognizes that “this one of the great en- slneenng projects of all time, there are iverse probi connected with the huge enwrfirue. Provision must be made,” explains the Pasadena paper, “for housing, in comfortable, sanitary fashion, the small army of engineers and workmen who will be employed for many years in this monumental work. A new city will be laid out near the site of the dam. A railroad extension must be built to the site of the dam, to carry ;upqnel.” “What will come after the comple- tion of the dam,” suggests the Spring- fleld Union, “sounds like a fairy story. It is expected that by such a source of power new mines and new industries will be created in Arizona, Nevada and California; Los Angeles and the sur- rounding cities will see new homes, new industries for many millions of people; new financial credit and new courage will be given to those districts which have hertofore besn menaced by floods. In short, the greatness of the dam itself will offer and expect greatness of the people in the districts which it serves. The most dramatic feature of this gigantic structure, however, is that the brain of man is the master of it, and it is the hands of men that will carry it out. * * * There is a thrill in this, even for those who know nothing of engineering or construction, and it is likely to be one of the sights which travelers will v)l:le*in.th‘e future.” Secretary Wilbur is quoted by the Flint Daily Journal to the effect that “he believes this dam will ‘signalize our National conquest over the Great Amer- ican Desert’,” .and that ?l:per adds: “The dam is to be placed a canyon ‘which rises 2.200'{1?. . The “':t' :‘I;l,cel: flows thre canyon equals lh:‘tl‘ol the Mississippi at St. Louis.” The Journal concludes: “The Nation welcomes the start of this won- de dam, which will set new world records. It will be a valuable source of wer and w?ur supply, and will be a eat ‘show place’.” ‘r"Amencnn enterprise already has sev- eral such construction jobs to its credit —jobs which other nations would look upon as physical and financial impos- sibilities,” says the Santa Rosa Press Democrat ’I*er Providence Journal sees in it an “appeal to the imagination,” and remarks that, “irrespective of the question whether the Government should have embarked on such an en- terprise, there is something impressive in the spectacle of man addressin; self to so mammoth a labo: e Angeles Express greets the “happy con- clusion of the long years of struggle for development of the Colorado River,” and declares: “All the Southwest will have reason to remember for years to come the Fourth of July of 1980, 'hex‘;.“gz his approval of the first appropr: for Boulder Dam, President gave the m"m!num ‘whocf p';lde 1dl stirred gy the vastness o jects undertaken by the Gow'fnmencm:m be satisfied 1 to get to work and make the | ¢ Globe-Democrat hope: blessings to be conferred on a great re- glon under the rainless curse,” and that “a soil needihg onl; amazing fertility will be e productive for the sower, that an energy measured not argued that Mr his own sthtement, will certainly remala chairman Efil after the Senate has dj , and the Senate will not ad- it has ratified the or Moses of New Hamp- is one of the opponents of the ts !} and according to reports he is :b.vvnhu to Mr. Huston's hanging 0 chairmanship, al journ until treaty. Se Los | instances th | tain Huston, according 1o | oy alone in terms of horsepower, but im the ha 'd&ower of thousands of untiring slaves be added to America's re- sources -for useful employment.” The Bangor Daily Commercial lauds * remarkable advance in en R:ldlnlt "“:ha a gener:uon] tk, e ps less, present project wol have been cul:red Em.z vislonary.” * Tribune, however, while agreeing that “before the dam is completed, one of the greatest engineering accomplish= ments may be required, and it may be successfully delivered,” contends that, “great as it may be thus, it will never be so stupgndous as it has already been in political engineering. In that it is unparalleled,” avers the Tribune, with the criticism of the entire project: “When the Government is spending money to make agriculture pay on land now under cultivation and to get Amer- ican farmers a price for what is now produced, it has been also induced to spend money to make the desert arable and add more crops to production now looking for consumers. It has been in- duced to subsidize private enterprise in one section with power that it may use in competing with private enterprise in other regions taxed to make this com- petition possible.” “Nothing has occurred to change the firm conviction of those who have op- posed the Boulder Dam project,” argues the New York Evening Post, “that its chief purposes are to institute exten- sive improvements for local benefit at the national expense and to put the Federal Government into the ‘giant power’ business. And despite the glow- ing predictions by its proponents, it must be regarded as marking a most undesir- able departure from the sound public policy of the past.” b The Sioux Falls Argus-Leader finds “another example wherein the Senators and Refrmnuum of the Middle West have delved into the pockets of their con- stituents and handed out beautfful gifts to others,” while the Chattanooga Times states: “In the meantime, Congress has done nothing about Muscle Shoals, an- other Government project of quite as much importance as Boulder Dam, both nationally and locally.” Law Virtually Helpless In Bootleggers® Warfare From -the Cleveland Plain Dealer. Bootleg murders began in Cleveland about six years ago. They have in- creased in frequency. The past year has seen almost as many as the five previous years combined. In onlv two cases that we recall have there been any convictions as a result of these H&m war slayings. In most ere have been no indict- ments. Often the investigation follow- ing these crimes has been confined to a few perfunctory arrests. ‘The lords and the overlords, the vas- sals and the vileins of the bootleg in- dustry and its late trades kill and are killed. One “royal family” is well nigh wiped out. Another may share its ate. Meanwhile the laws stands by, vir- tually helpless. The revenge and “jus- tice” of the liquor underworld is cer- and inexorable. That of the legally constituted authorities is feeble T i ot ootles. 1 e leg slayings there fig- ures a familiar character, fi:e “knu’:!n criminal.” Sometimes he the vic- tim. In one case the known czmg;ml was supposedly at War- rensville the very day he was slain. Often he is the 3 criminals are-so well I suffered to carry on an occupa- tion until thair rivals decree their death, never keen satisfattorily explained. ————— One Good Use for Them. From the Adrian Daily Telegrom. In case New York wants to ‘stage anothsr parade, we have some stock de, certificates that would make -