Evening Star Newspaper, June 22, 1930, Page 28

COAST GUARD ACTIVITIES N ALASKA ARE VARIED There Are Few Roles That Are Not Played by Uncle ceasing Drama of the Far North. (Continued From Third Page. of the Coast Guard cutter Algonquin, had to do with the air voyage of the four United States Army fiyers in the first world flight ever attempted. We were ordered to Unalaska to speed them on their wa; Forty-eight hours after our arrival at Unalaska word was received by radio that Maj. Frederick L. Martin, flight commander, had made a forced land- ing at a small hamlet in Portage Bay, which was about 500 miles east of us. It was the middle of April and very cold in this region. The other three g}lnes had continued on to Chignic. ‘he thoroughness of the Army Air Eervice was brought to my attention at this moment. Everything necessary to help Martin had been shipped to Una- laska, and to many other isolated parts .of Alaska as well. In two hours we had taken on board & new Liberty engine, 400 gallons of gasoline and 10 boxes of accessories and were steaming under forced draught to Martin’s assistance. plowed through a thick Alaskan snow- storm. It was impossible to see 500 yards ahead. I heard the breakers not far to port as we passed Unga and changed our course just in time to save all hands from a cold swim. Martin's exact position was not known—he might be drifting seaward for all we knew, =0 we encouraged the machinery in the Algonquin onward to his aid. After 50 hours of fighting these try- ing elements we found the unfortunate aviator'’s plane in a small creek lead- ing into Portage Bay, an open harbor to the sea if there ever was one. The thermometer was hovering just above zero, and the plane was frozen solid in the creek. In addition, a northwest gale was blowing. Blow Torches Needed. Four of my officers and men were aviators or aviator'’s mechanics. They helped Martin and his mechanic Harvey install the new Liberty engine and get the gasoline on board. low torches had to be used to thaw things out. It took five days to get the motor started in this freezing climate, but when it finally did sputter and then start three cheers went up. Then came the battle to get Martin's plane down to open water.. By pulling, chopping away the banks of the creek to let the wings go by, melting the ice and snow, dragging and enlisting the forces of a tractor we finally got Mar- tin's plane in position. He took off and circled around the | ship until he had altitude enough to cross the mountains. A blinding snow- atorm came over the Alaskan Peninsula almost immediately and he was lost to view in less time than it takes to tell the story. Westbound he flew, heading for Chignic. I never thought we would see him again. Behind him the cutter steamed full speed through the blizeard, blowing her whistle so that if Martin had to make another forced landing he would know gut we wedre cdxmmm' to l;h assistance. erve, good jus ent and great flying ability lmw[gu him safely into Chignic Harbor. We arrived a few hours after him and offered our congratulations. After spending three days tuning up his E:ne we left him and went half way k to -Unalaska to report by radio when he passed us. He never did, for that day he crashed against a moun- tain in a second blind snowstorm. Nelson, Smith and -Wade continued around the world to make history for this country. Martin, when offered a new plane to join them in Europe, said: “No. 'They deserve the credit.” He Was one of the bravest men within my few years ago she was on her Arctic cruise, when word came that a whaler was crushed in the ice. She immediately set out to give assistance. The whaler's crew traveled over the floes of ice, and at the edge of the pack | they found the Bear. They were taken | on board in a starving condition. In | relating their experiences they said they | . had been reduced to the necessity of | eating their boots. While Alaskan boots | are made out of walrus hide, the strings | or lacings are made from a different animal. And the mate surprised us by saying: “You know, captain, them boots was mighty tough eeting, but the strings, they was darn good grub.” | Law and Order. For 400 miles we | | asked the usual question about how the Sam’s Men in U and the destitute people—about 60 in all, men, women and_children—were taken on board ship. The skipper held | & conference with the native chief, and " was decided to select a new location or a village An ideal harbor picked out, and | the ship's force practically built a new village for these people. = Fishing was excellent in the vicinity, hunting for | fur-bearing animals during the Winter | was exceptionally good, and it was felt | that a very good job had been done. | Village Found Deserted. | The following year when the cutter returned, expecting to see a thriving village, there was nothing to be found. | The natives had moved everything over to the old location. This in spite of the | fact that their old village was exposed | to the sea, they could fish only a few days of the year there and the country behind the village was very mountain- ous and hard to hunt over. The chief was asked why they had left such an ideal location to return to a poor one. | “Natives want to be near their dead.” he said simply. It is on the annual cruise through the Aleutian Islands that we really got to know the natives. On that trip we | got as far west as Attu, which is only 400 miles from Siberia. We were to take along a Russian priest to perform |and confirm all the marriages of the |Jast two years, and besides we had to take the yearly census of the villages, deliver mail to all the hamlets in the islands, carry food, clothing and fuel for the native stores, set up medical and dental clinics—and the ship's cap- | tain, & United States commissioner, was to try all cases that had occurred since the Summer before. At daylight we set sail for the vil- lages of Keshaga, Mascushin and Cher- nofski, all located on the western side of Unalaska Island. In each of these | places the natives are very poor. The main source of livellhood is salmon fishing. Por six yers they may have fine runs of fish and the seventh will be & total fallure. Then they have a try- ing Winter, and many die of starvation, Upon arrival at each village a mass is arranged by the priest, who is al- ways met by the “chief” with much ceremony at the water's edge. At this mass the newly born are baptized, couples are married and prayers are offered for the dead. The priest then Vvisits all the “barabarars” and makes his annual collection of furs and money. The ship's doctor accompa- nies him, administering medical aid wherever it is needed and taking a cen- sus. The dentist establishes a tem- IWH 8 I stepped out of the Grand Central Station the other day I saw entering it 2 man whose face seemed familiar, and after a moment's thought I placed him. He is one of the most distinguished members of the legal profes- sion in America. He was a member of the cabinet of a for- mer President, and was him- self mentioned for the presi- dency. On a sudden impulse turned and followed him. The station was full of com- muters hurrying to their trains. They looked at him, and through him and around him, 1 BERLIN.—A comparison of railroad- ing in Germany with American condi- tions has been prepared by Charles Layng, transportation editor of the Rallway Age, who is here on a tour of inspection as the guest of the German Railway Co. Mr. Layng has been over & considerable number of lines. He writes: “The ‘verboten’ signs are being re- porary dental parlor in some shack and patients are sent to him by the doctor and priest. For a while his office is the popular center of the village, but not for long. After the first tooth is extracted his headquarters look like a deserted mining camp in Death Valley. The new stock for the native store is landed on our arrival, but frequently it is still on the beach when we sail. The native says “I cannot handle freight until T have presented my soul to God.” This is generally an excuse for being lazy, and these Aleuts are the laziest people I have ever seen. In one village where we took an in- ventory of the stock in the store we found 60 pounds of tea, a few shoe- strings, some face powder and rifles— but no food. I asked the chief what his people had been eating. “Some na- tives eat dried raw salmon and drink tea; other natives starve,” he replied. How long has this condition existed? ‘The chief casually waved his hand. “Oh, three or four months.” I noticed a mother with a 6-month-old baby in her arms and ssked what the baby ate. “Baby eat raw salmon and drink tea.” After we had taken aboard their furs for shipment to Seattle, we left for Ni- kolski, Unimak Island. There the same procedure was followed. The chief was natives had gotten along during the inter. ‘“‘Natives nearly starve,” he re- plied. “No fc Our schooner drift ashore six months ago and we wait for Coast Guard to pull it off.” There in this harbor was their ljttle 55-foot trad- ing schooner high and dry on the rocks. Instead of getting the vessel afloat again themselves they were starving for lack of proper food until the cutter came to their aid. Preserve Year after year this famous old | heroine has preserved law and order | above the Arctic Circle. | h Spring all of the Eskimos living | Island, in the Bering Sea, mi- 1o Nome in large skin boats, Where they spend the Summer months. In the Fall the Bear takes these several hundred people home. King Island is located just south of the Bering Straits and is a rock not unlike Gibraltar. One often wonders why these people con- | tinue to live on this little isolated island 1 The answer is simple: The Arctic ice | comes down to them in the late Pall | bringing the walrus, seal, duck and polar bears to their very doors. When the Bear arrives at Cape Prince ©f Wales each year, it is the custom of | the United States Bureau of Education teacher there to hoist the American fla One year no flag was flying; trouble was in the offing. The chief came out to the ship and explained that for some time bad feeling had existed between the school teacher and three young Es- kimos. One day they shot him. The captain instructed the chief to bring these three men on board. Two days later the chief came alongside in a skin boat and delivered the three offenders’ bodies. Yes, the Bear stands for law and order in the Far North. Few of us know anything at all about the Alaskan native, and still fewer realize the great love he has for his deceased parents; so I must tell you of the eruption a few vears ago of Mount Katmai, on the Alaskan Penin- sula. Its ashes completely covered an Indian village at its base. A cutter from Unalaska wes rushed to the scene. Ea on Xj gra |and red foxes. | parkies or moccasins were in evidence. Disease Makes Inroads on Village. It was distressing to see how tuber- culosis andiother diseases had made in- roads on these once healthy people. In one generation alone the population had dropped 50 per cent. Much of this de- plorable condition I credit to the white man. Before his arrival they lived on whale blubber: seal livers were consid- ered a great delicacy. Now just take a glance at the life they live in a thriving village. Such a village was Atka, a town of about 70 natives, which is located 200 miles farther west. They had had a good kill the last year and had received & good price for their blue, silver gray I was surprised at their dress. No As I stepped out of the boat the chief shook hands, and his first remark near- Iy floored me. “Captain,” he said, “na- tives ask if you bring their parcel post mail from Mr. Sears Roebuck?” I found {?fll they had been flooded with mail or- et catalogues and been ordering h sh-heeled shoes in which to climb the mountains. silk_stockings for walking through the brush, expensive canned goods, candies and what not. The natives were sick and discon- tented. They could not stand prosper- ity .and had no place to go in their fancy clothes. This mode of living had been going on for several years, and the doctor's report showed that the women and girls were the worst offenders. Our dentist returned late that afternoon looking like he had been “pulled through 2 keyhole backwards.” The natives' teeth were deteriorating rapidly. He had pulled 79 in one imn session. Moscow’s Hidden Hand Terror Of Soviet Enemies Over World | (Continued From Third Page.) pathizers in Russia (during the last two years quite a few persons have been executed as “Koutiepov's agents”): it was known, too, that from time to time his men socretly have gone to Russia snd brought back reports to him. Finally, it became known that he was . going to receive a large sum of money which supposedly he would spend on anti-Soviet propaganda in PFrance. As the investigation of his kidnaping has established, in January of th's year attempts were made to lure him to Rus- sia as Prince Dolgorukov was lured He was summoned to Berlin. There Red army officers on leave, pretending to be his secret sympathizers, tried to per- suade him to go on a secret trip to Russia. But the general was cautious, . susplicious; he refused. After his return 1o Paris he was kidnaped. Such, then, are some of the facts zbout the movements of “Moscow’s hid- denhand.” It may be asked, How is it that after 12 years of failures to light the world revolution, the Soviet leaders #till cherish this dream and still sac- | rifice the lives of their friends and enemies to it? We ought not to for- ret that Communism is not the scien- tific philosophy which it pretends to be, but a religion. And the pivotal dogma of this religion is the world revolution. A mad dogma, an impossibility? Well, who knows? Of course, there s a &-tct deal of fanaticism in Russian Communists, yet at thy same time this | fenaticism Pirs y be more practical than it seems. of all, what is the world revolution? A simultaneous configra- tion of the entire world? Not quite. N. Bukharin, one of the leaders of the Third International, said at one of its congresses | “Tre world revolution not only will | come, but it has already come, it is a living fact. Is the Chinese revolution |not a part of this enormous process? The world ievolution will be ended when it %’umphs in all the countries. Then the cycle will be completed. | Meanwhile, we are standing in the very center of the world’s revolutionary , and it is only fools, only blind fcols, who fail to recognize it.” ‘The furtherance of the revolution through conspiracy, murder, crime? Yes. Communists do use such weapons. | But this fact ought not to be misin- | terpreted. Let us not forget that Com- munists do not accept the “old mor- | als™; they abide by a “new moral code.” | Read “The A B C’s of Communism,” | by the just-quoted N. Bukharin, Find in this book, which is the moral guide f every Communist, the definition of g00q” "and “evil” or ‘“virtue” and " All that is good, Mr. Bukharin says, which contributes to the success moved as rapidly as possible from all trains. Some are still there, but the ‘verboten’ spirit is no longer in evi- dence among the employes. The rail- ways devote a great deal of thought and atteniion to the efficlency and morale of these employes. Not only is each applicant given a psycho-technical examination before entering the serv- ice, but the rallways have provided schools, officered by practical railway men, where prospective employes are given a characteristically thorough training before being put to work. “Their pay, from the lowliest work- men to the superintendents, averages from one-fourth to one-fifth of that nmélun capacities in the t the responsibility of is lighter in every case. For example, territory of a superin- tendent sel exceeds 56 miles, as compared with from 170 miles in the East and as high as 1,000 miles on our Western roads. “Once one becomes accustomed to eating what is set before one, and to the rather dismaying military precision with which the meal is served, the din- ing cars are attractive enough and the | food m‘d Prices average 30 to 40 per cent . but, of course, ours serve # much wider range of food. “The vast difference in equipment on | different trains is most noticeable, there being about as much difference between frst-class compartments on different trains as there is between first and third on the same train. In the Rhine- gold Express, for the first time on the continent, they have adopted the Amer- ican idea of club cars, and have suc- | ceeded in making the train about as | comfortable—more than that, luxuri- | ous—as anything we have. “Our own time-tables are complicated enough, Heaven knows, but the German ones, as a result of the network of lines with junctions every few miles, require a slide rule and a knowledge of calculus. Prof. Einstein probably got that way | traveling about in Germany. However, if one retains one's reason after the | time-table session, the surprising hct; comes forth that unusually close con- nections are made at all junction points. It takes time and a consultation with eight conductors, but you do not have to go 100 miles out of your way, nor cool your heels at some forsaken junction. This applies not only to the main lines but to the branches as well In 'c\ns to Rothenburg we had to change frains four times in about 80 miles, but at each junction the con- necting train was waiting when we got there and pulled out shortly afterward. “The Germans have not yet solved all their freight operation problems, but they inherited a mess after the war| that made the Augean stables a house- | maid's chore by comparison. The prin- | cipal delay to freight cars in Germany, | as everywhere else in the world, takes place in the terminals. They realize this and with what money is available they are tackling the terminals. “At Hamm, the east end of the Ruhr, | and at Dinsburg, the west end of the | earned in United Stat the individi Father Forgets Son, | So Title Is Lost | Takao Kuroda, 31 years old, has been cheated out of a peerage in Japan sim- | ply because his father suffered too long from an attack of forgetfulness. Mr. Kuroda the elder, who used to be Baron Kuroda, decided that because of failing | health he would give up his title. Re- | cently he notified the imperial house- hold_ department, which regulates the | creating and inheritance of titles, that he wished to become a com- moner. However, he neglected to tell the authorities that he wanted the title to be passed on to his eldest son. A few weeks ago Mr. Kuroda hap- pened to realize that the family nad | been without a title for more than a year and wondered what he could do about it. Inquiriés at the imperial bousehold department revealed the fact that the title had rone by default be- cause he had not :pecified his son as his legal heir within the required period | of a year. ,,,,,, % One-Way Highway Is Urged for Paris| Traffic is getting to be such a problem on Sundays between Parls and nearby| Versallles that a radical solution has| been proffered. It is to outline two| routes—one to go, one to return. In other words, divert all trafic into a two-direction system. One-way streets exist, of course, in Paris, but not in the country. In fact, the suggestion is lurpmed to be orig- inal, for in the whole world any other of the proietarian cause; if you deceive or kill not for your pleasure, but for the cause, you are a hero, not a erimi- nal. TPrem' this viewpoint. a thing like Koutipov's kidnaping is not a crime. such long stretch of regulated traffic is unknown. More than 30,000 cars, it is estimated, between Paris and X‘emlllal in each direction each Sun- h | flat. but apparently nobody recog- nized him. He jostled his way across the great floor, down a pair of steps to the platform of the subway. And there the crowd crushed him into the minimum number of cubic inches and flung him into an express train. My last view of him was as he stood with his face pressed against the glass of the door, a completely squeezed and ha- rassed looking man, in no way different from the sweltering others in the car. Not one of those others knew that he had been a cabi- net minister, helping to shape the destinies of a nation dur- ing the greatest war. Nor would they have cared, prob- ably, if they had known. It has been remarked. fre- quently that the really big man is almost always modest. The reasons for this are two-fold. In the first place, he knows how much of his success has been due to causes béyond his own control—his birth, his education, his business oppor- tunities. And he knows, too, what a thin and evanescent tHing is fame. He has walked through places like Central Park and looked at the statues. These are great men who lived only yes- terday—Afifty or a- hundred or & hundred and fifty years ago. Yet how few of them one can (Copyrieht, 1930.) “Yerboten” Signs Removed by German Railroads Aiding Spirit of Workers Ruhr, and at Bremen they have lgm in mechanical switching yards are as modern and well equipped any in the world. The yard at Hamm has a cepacity of 1,500 cars switched nd sorted out in 24 hours, and they have actually put 6,134 cars over the ‘hump’ in a day. They averaged nine cars & minute for over half an hour, an almost unbeatable record. yards are now, and will be even more 80 in the future, clearing up much of the terminal mess. The officials know where the trouble lies, and they are plugging away at correcting it as fast as they can. “A surprising thing is the similarity of railroaders the world over. Take the uniform off the yardmaster at Hamm and he would look the part of the yardmaster at Clearing, just outside Chicago, and they speak the same lan- (u;xe. Translated into English, the yardmaster at Hamm made the same reply to my questions and had the same reaction as the Clearing agent. I saw dozens of interlocking tower operators who looked exactly like dozens of inter- locking tower operators I know in the United States—they even spat the same way. “One could, however, hardly imagine the station agent st Osctus Corners, Ariz, for instance, standing stiffly at attention, in resplendent uniform as the train went However—let it (Copyright, 1930.) BY VICTOR KEEN SHANGHAL — Soviet activities in Mongolia and the recent threatened armed invasion of Tibet by Nepalese forces have focused the attention of the Nanking government upon China's outer dependencies. Fearing that Inner Mongolia will fol- low in the footsteps of Outer Mongolia by deelaring its independence, only to fall into the arms of Soviet Russia, the Nanking government has called a con- ference in Nanking of Mongolian rep. resentatives to consider means of fos- tering closer political and commercial relations between Mongolta and China proper. A Tibetan conference will be held in conjunction with the Mongolian parley. 5 ‘Tibet periodically has been a bone of contention between Great Britain and China ever since the days of Wairen Hastings, who dispatched various trade missions into the Lama kingdom, all of which failed on account of the opposi- tion of the Chinese resident commis- sioner in Lasa. The Tibetan kingdom has been tributary to China for many centuries before the Christian era, ree- ords of tribute going as far back as the Shang dynasty, 1766 to 1154 B. C. Lamaism Curse of Tibet. ‘The ruling force in Tibet and at the same time the curse of the country is Lamajsm, a degraded form of Buddhism which was intreduced from India in New Leader Strong in Brazil (Continued From PFirst Page.) companions, and there fought his bat- tles and won his vietories. Though an only $on, and his father one of the most prominent men of his time, Julio Prestes was the master of his own fate. His father was a wise man and there was no attempt to in- fluence the son as to any particular profession. The boy chose the law, and the low is close to public affairs. Perhaps politics was in the blood. But the man who more than any other has influenced his public career is the man whom he succeeds in the highest office in the land. Dr. Wash- ington Luis and Julio Prestes were politically father and son, the son en- joying the complete confidence and profiting by the sage advice of the father, As the case with Dr. Prestes, Dr. Washington Luis went from the presidency of Sao Paulo to the presi- dency of Brazil While Dr. Luis was President of Sao Paulo his political son was a valuable and reliant lleutenant. When he became President of the na- tion Julio Prestes was a member of the National Congress. Then, following in the footsteps of his own father, he became leader of the majority party in the Chamber of Deputies. It was he who directed the Washington Luis program of legislation, the most im- portant feature of which was the plan for monetary reform and stabilization of exchange. It was in the midst of this legis- lative campaign that the President of Sao Paulo, Dr. Carlos de Campos, died, and Prestes was called back to become the President of his state. In this new responsibility he had the full support of President Luis, who was happy to see his old pupll and friend chosen. “Crown Prince” Issue Raised. In the campaign Dr. Prestes’ oppo- nents raised the issue of “crowg prince charging that Dr. Luis sought to per- petuate his own power and ideas and that Dr. Prestes would be a figurehead. This was the chief issue. And it fell The people approve of Dr. Wash- ington Luis and of his successor. This was attested by the fact that for the first time in 20 years the opposition party failed to elect a federal Deputy or Senator from the State of Sao Paulo, and for the first time in many years a candidate friendly to the government has carried the federal district of Rio de_Janeiro. It was shortly after his nomination that Dr. Prestes received me at the presidential palace in Sao Paulo. It was a cordial, kindly and yet business- like reception. He had not yet received the official notification of his nomina- tion, and I was a Ititle surprised that he would talk to a foreign writer. But it is t{plcll of the man. He is sure of himself, knows what he wants to say and is keenly interested in other coun- tries. Dr. Prestes is a_comparatively young man. Still under 50, he looks less than 40. Like most Brazilion public men, in | a country which still may be.said to have a ruling class, he is of distinguish- ed appearance. Well over 6 feet, he is stately of bearing, presenting a military erectness. His broad shoulders, large head, direct eves and a mouth shad- owed by a meticulously trained mus- tache, make him readily outstanding | in any crowd. He is an impressive per- sonality and he is distinctly Latin. Speaking in the warmest and most emphatic terms, he expressed the atti- tude of himself and his state govern- ment toward our country. “Our attitude toward the United States, said, “speaks for itself. See our skyscrapers in Sao Paulo, Observe our streets crowded with American au- tomobiles. Look in our P 3 We emulate your architecture and buy Outside of the city you your lucts. Lo g vt rosth gine. et o] be similar to yours. I tists, doctors and engineers to your country to travel and study, to learn the methods by which you have built your great systems of transportation and industries. Upon their return they have been given the respansibility of directing these various activities in our state. That is what we think of the great republic of North America.” And one is not long in observing elo- quent evidence of this statement. From Rio to Sao Paulo one may go by palatial trains built in the United States. In Sao Paulo an American automobile will whisk you from train to hotel. Shops and stores offer for sale all vour fa- | miliar products and if home-like diver- sion is sought, it is only necessary to cross the street and attend a “talkie that may be at the moment playing on Broadway as well. Expressions of Friendship. “Be good enough,” Dr. Prestes re- | quested, “to carry this message back home with you: I wish to see the two great republics of the Western Hemis- here travel the same highway of endship and co-operation, devoted to the cause of good will and the welfare of their peoples. And I hope your young | men, your leaders and all your people may be pleased to visit our country where they will be most welcome and receive our sincerest hospitality.” History assures us of the genuineness of this statement. Brazil's friendship toward the United States is traditional. Dom Pedro II the last monarch, was an enthusiastic and welcome visitor here. Our actions in the Caribbean have never had the same repercussions in Brazil as in the other republics of South America. Brazil, like our own | theirs; her history and traditions are | different. Then, we are Brazil's best customer, and the bonds of trade are strong. And we should remember that Brazil was our sincre ally in the war. Dr. Prestes will assume responsibility as head of this populous and growing country at a time when social and eco- nomis conditions are in transition. The younger men are taking politics more seriously. They are alive to the new age. Since the World War Brazil has attained a new position in world rela- tions. Its population has increased enormously by the influx of immigrants from the Old World. They have brought new enthusiasms and ideas. The older population has been aroused and quick- ened by these new contacts. Economic conditions have undergone radical changes. Vast investments from outside sources add new responsibilities. The national government must not only | deal with changing conditions at home, but must be ever sensitive to interna- nal affairs. ""Brl relations with the United States take on new significance. Three- fourths of its exports are sold in North American markets, The Brazilian mar- ket for United States manufacturers is vastly important. There are forty mil- lion people in Brazil. Our investments in that country are increasing at a tre- mendous rate.” American industries are pouring millions into Brazil. Henry Ford is spending an enormous amount developing a rubber plantation on the Amazon. The United States Steel Co. has announced its plans for investing a Geraes, oxploiting the world's largest and finest deposit of iron ore. Auto- mobile makers are establishing large | branch factories in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, and meat packing compan- ies are expanding their already formi- dable plants. Brazilian-United States relations must receive first considera- tion. ‘Therefore it is not surprising that the President-elect visited the United States before his inauguration. His trip had a two-fold pu e. Pirst, he returned the courtesy of President-elect Hoover's visit to Brazil. But Dr. Prestes also learned at first hand wmetht:g of the ificance of the country and people he is destined to have increasing rela- tions with, \ | country, speaks another language than | colossal sum in the State of Minas | recognize without looking at the names. And if their fame is already so faded, what will it be in a thousand years, or two thousand, or ten? Abraham Lincoln’s favorite song was a mournful hymn entitled “Why Should the Spirit of Mortal Be Proud?” He knew that the river of life races on, and that even the most important of us is soon washed out into the big sea of oblivion, He knew it because he was really big. It is only the littler men who act as if they were permanent rocks in the river, towering high above the level, and destined never to be moved. Nanking Parley Called to Block Soviet Efforts to Arouse Tibet 622. The temporal head of the Lama kingdom is the Dalai Lama, who at the | same time is the spiritual head of the | devotees of Lamaism throughout the | world. ‘The country is overrun by a | parasitic horde of Lama priests whose | mendicancy is thinly cloaked under the guise of religion. | To the south Tibet has three ener- getic neighbors in the three states of Negal, Sikkim and Bhutan, which are | separated from the Lama kingdom by the lofty Himalaya Mountain range, | which forms Tibet's natural southern | boundary. Negal, which i5 700 miles | long and 130 miles wide, is peopled by | two races quite opposite in characteris- | ties. The native Negalese are peaceable | and industrious and carry on the na- \uon's commerce, which is largely with | Tibet. The Kholgans, a warlike tribe which has gained a foothold in Nepal by right of conquest, control the coun- | try's military councils. Most of these | warriors have embraced the militant | Mohammedan faith, while the Nepalese are predominantly Buddhist in their religion. | _The tause of the present strain in | relations between Tibet and Nepal is | economic. Napalese merchants have carried on an.active trade with Tibet, furnishing more than half of | that country’s imports of rice, piece |8oods and foreign ecommodities. | Economic Relations Strained. | ©On account of the close commercial relations botween the two countries Nepalese merchants doing business in Tibet have been exempted from pay- | ment of customs duties or taxes. But | last year, owing to the eritical condition | of Tibetan finances, the Dalal Lama |issued a mandate requiring Nepalese | to pay taxes and duties the same as the citizens of other countries. The Nepalese, resenting the order, staged a demonstration, and one of the demonstrators was arrested. Later he escaped and sought asylum in the Ne- palese consulate, An armed guard was | sent to capture the offender. He was executed by order of the Dalal Lama, | _The execution greatly incensed the Nepalese, who begen preparations for war. A dispatch from Tibet reported | that a Nepalese army of 60,000 had in- | vaded Tibet and aid from Nanking was | requested. It was learned, however, that Tibet had not been invaded, but both sides were mobilized for war. Nanking =authorities have announced | that steps are being taken by the Na- | tionalist government to adjust the dif- | ferences between the two countries and | that fear of armed conflict is no longer | entertained. | The present Tibetan conference will consider the proposal of converting | Tibet, which at'present is only nomi- |nally under Chinese control, into a | province of China proper. ‘ BLIC LIBRARY | Recent accessions to the Public Li- brary and lists of recommended read- | ing ‘will appear in this column every i Sunday. i Travel. Budge, Sir E. A. W. The Nile; Notes for Travelers in Egypt. 1907. G71- B856n. Dillon, E. J. Russia Today and Yester- | day. G54-D386r. G39P- Edwards, G. W. Paris. 1924, Off the Beaten Track in | Southern France. Slocombe, George. 1928. G39-El 78. Paris in Profile. G39P-S1 53, Wilhelm, Richard. A Short History of | Chinese Civilization. G66-W646sh.E. | Summer Food. Brage, P. C. Live Food Cook Book and | .. Menus. RZR-B73. | M‘s'lzdler. M. S. Date Recipes. RZL- 569 Stecle, Lucile. The Health Cook Book. QN-St33. X Woman's World. The Salad Book of the American Housew.fe. RZK-W84 Gliders. How to Build and Fly Gliders. SZP- | H83 Schroeter, J. P. Manual on Gliders and Soarers. SZP-Sch76m. Schroeter, J. P. Starting and Landing with Gliders and Soarers. SZP- Sch6s. | Tennis. Burrow, P. R. The “Last Eights” at | W.mbledon. 1928. VKT-B946. | Martin, H. B. What's Wrong with Your Game? VKG-M364w. Tilden, W, T. Match Play and the Spin of the Ball. 1925, T454m. | Motor Boats. Burnham, Bradford. Outboard | ., Boats and Engines. SOG-B930. Chapman, C. F, and Horenburger, C.E, eds. How to Bu'ld 35 Modern Motor Boats. SOG-C366h. | Schnurmacher, E. C. _Practical Out- go:‘l;! Motor Boat Building. SOC- chs. Motor Rugs. Edwards, G. H. Your Rugs and Their Proper Care. RQQ-Ed92. Rug Weaving. Gurdji, V. Oriental 1901, WUV-G96. Leitch, ‘G. B. Chinese Rugs. 1928. ‘WUV-L53. Walker, Mrs. L. L. WUV-w: | Homecraft Rugs. long | VKT- | l | mental High Pla (Continued From Mirst Page.) | countries has, accordh to A E Blanco, former League offictal, lived | to its promises to enact laws whic would adequately limit manufacture, Second Sensational Factor, ‘The second sensational factor in the dope traffic is the part that German | reparations in kind play. Buried away down In little read pages of the Ver- sailles peace treaty is the following, taken from paragraph 2. annex 4 of sec- tion 9, of that document: "The government of Germany under- takes to deliver to the Reparations Commission all chemical, pharmaceuti- cal and synthetic products and salts of 3ulnlne manufactured in Germany from uly 1, 1920, up to and including 25 per cent of the quantities produced. * * * Nevertheless the production of cocaine and codeine will only be delivered up to 12'; per cent of the total production of each substance.” Payments In kind have been turned over by Germany, prh’lclgllly to Franoe, for the past 10 years and are still being delivered. After patient and insistent efforts the League's opium section ob- tained fragmentary figures on some of the deliveries of narcotic drugs by Ge many. These ‘“confirmed suspicon: & League official admitted. The docu- ment, now locked securely in the League's vaults, was, according to Dame Rachel Crowd, soclal section, “marked so confidential that I hardly dared look at it myself.” It has not been impossible, however, to obtain from the League's records the fact that Germany has produced some- thing like 10,544 kilograms of cocaine and cocaine salts (23,196 pounds), 66,- 790 kilograms of morphine (146,561 pounds) and 4.950 kilograms of heroin (10,890 unds) during the past four y’enr hese figures are given as offi- clal. Germany's Total Exports Cited. Taking them as a basis and making the very logical assumption that Ger- many has carried out the article of the Versailles treaty quoted above, sh in the past four years 38,840 pounds of morphine and morphine salts, 2,720 pounds of heroin and 2,636 pounds of cocaine. Since the countries which would receive these “payments in kind"” are themselves heavy producers of nar- cotic drugs—certainly enough for their own needs—it would be interesting if France, for example, would reveal what. has become of the narcotics received. Only a short time ago a consignment of “dope” valued at $3000,000 was re- ported “stolen.” In another instance a gr:mlnem foreign dlrlamn stationed at ris was involved in a “dope traffic” scandal. While the evides traffic and its victims parent, the traders still manage to con- ceal their sources of supply, even though every factory in the world which manufactures the drug is known. For a problem so simple the failure of authorities intrusted with its solu- are all too ap- head of the League's| would have delivered to her ex-enemies | nces of illict | UNSEEN HAND SELLS “DOPE” TO WHOLE WORLD Power of Drug Dispensers in Govern- ces Is Evidenced at Geneva. tion is nothing short of incredible A. E. Blanco, long associated with the League and the fight againat nareetics,' o?enly charges that “between meetings |of the League's oplum advisory ecom- mittee some of Tepresentatives | availed themselves of the opportunity to enter into negotiations for the pur- chase of oplum originating in one of the countries they had denounced in public sessions because of its oplum | being so often found in the illicit mar- kets.” He also characterizes Geneva's so-called fight against the narcotic evil | as “the most striking failure the League has scored in its 10 years of existence." League Rated as Blameless. Yet the League is not to blame; the governments' representatives who come its commissions and attend its anti-oplum conferences are to blame, The fact that the League's oplum adJ visory commission, which is supposed to stamp out the evil, is composed of representatives of 14 countr 13 ot which are bound to protect ‘“vested in- terests,” explains much. Thus only one “victim country” has managed to get on the “opium bloc” and its volce has been almost futile. Several other | countries who are ‘“consumers” have now applied for membership, and if |they are admitted the entire face of the commission may be changed, More- over, in the future all its meetings are | expected to be publie. While several narcotic factories are reported to have been bullt recently, and others are either being erected or ‘are planned in Turkey, Hungary, Jugo- slavia and Manchuria, the old estabe lished houses in Germany and Switzer- land dominate the market. Hamburg and Basel, two “free cities” are sup-, posedly beyond the pale of control. Neither Berlin nor Bern can touch the big factories which flourish in thess two spots, because of constitutional ; rights involved. From Basel and Ham. burg flows most of the dope which gets into illiclt channels, Spread of Dope Fiends Noted. Although the narcotic habit is a secret vice” and addicts seek to con- ceal their misfortune, reports received by Geneva indicate a great spread in dope flends in many countries. Activie | tes of peddiers seeking to create new |markets are blamed. The tragedy of | Egypt is pointed to as a warning of | what might happen to other coun- |tries. ~ Since penalties for peddling | drugs illicitly are heavy in most elv- |llized countries, the traffickers have ! |thus far confined their enthusiasm to |such backward states as China, India, | Egypt, Arabla. Two Swiss, convicted |of wholesale trafficking with peddlers |in Egypt, e.‘ugea with negligible sen- |tences, It is the Egyptian addicts who are paying the price. Like bootlegging in the the United States, the dope peddiers form a closed | corporation . Their profits are immense, :;“‘;,:‘;"fi: is ux;l.lnmed ‘Their power places has often - denced in Geneva. Gk (Copyright, 1990, Discovery of the most distant astro- nomical bodies from the earth, the finding of what appear to be “suver- universes” so far away that it has been calculated that the light which brings their images requires more than 1,690,- 000 light years to get here, an- nounced by astronomers of Harvard Observatory. They were observed some time ago, in that part of the tky marked by the constellation Virgo, four groups of bright objects that seemed at first to be very faint stars. When enormously objects turned out to be groups of gigantic !Plrll nebulae, each of them millions of times the size of our solar system. They appeared to be huge clouds of myriads of stars and each of them, similar to other groups found in other parts of the sky, believed by astronomers to be a separate universe of many smaller spiral nebulae grouped ther into a super-universe as mole- les are groups of atoms. enlarged photographs were made, :hese | Four “Super-Universes” Discovered 1,690,000 Light ‘Years From Here. The earth itself and our solar system | is believed to be inside of a spiral :’nb\p lar which, in turn, belongs to a local super-universe, one of the many such astral “continents” of the sky. Astron- omers have a number of m:thods of | determining the extent anc distances of these super-universes from the earth, Some of these methods have been IE plied by Prof. H. Shapely and Adelaide Ames, of Harvard to the four new groups represented by the faint luminous dots in the constellation Virgo, The result, announced by the | observatory, is that the nearest of these four clouds is approximately 10,500,000 | light years away. The light year is the astronomical term for m vast intersteller distances. Light V- els at the rate of 186,384 -mMes-a - ond and the light is the distance that a beam of light would travel in a year. The most distant group has been calcu- lated to be about 17 times as far away as the nearest one, constituting astron- | omy’s record distance of about 16,900, 1000 light years. American, Lone M There are some 800,000 American Legionnaires who never saw a commis- sioned officer called a cornet of cav- and without the confines of France, Italy, Germany and a few cantonments in the United States. That there is such a being, the only one of his kind in the world, and that his dress uniform is gorgeous to the extent that it has a full admiral or a general officer of the Army backed off the map of both Europe and America, will be of interest. It is an offici fact, under the national defense ac which Legionnaires recall was spon sored by this organization. Ranks As Third Lieutenant. This commissioned officer is some- | thing like a third lieutenant in rank. The only one in existence is provided for in the military machinery of Amer- ica. The cornet is John C. Groome, jr., Headquarters Troop, 52d Cavalry Bri- gade, Pennsylvania National Guard (1st | Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry). He is listed whenever the chief of the Mili- tia Bureau makes a report to the War | Department and is called upon to in- dulge in tabulating the number of lieu- tenants, captains and the others. Such report simply include: Cornet, 1. And thereby hangs a tale: When the cornet was discovered re- cently in one of the War Department reports, Richard A. Boyd, commander of the James J. Barry Post, 83, of Phil delphia. in company with David Gold- berg, the senior vice commander of the post, called upon him. The members of the post who at- alry, despite all their ramblings within | an in All World, Holds Unusual Rank of Cavalry Cornet tended the next meeting to receive the news taxed the capacity of the hall, and plans were laid for the proper in- duction of Cornet Groome into mem- | bership in the post April 29. The glory in which Legion Post 83 | of Philadelphia now shines goes back | to November 17, 1774, when the birth }of a nation was. rudely being forced |onto the British by the First Continen- tal Congress. It was then, when men | could no longer shut their eyes to what was happening, that the 1st Troop, Philidalphia City Cavalry, was first organized. The officers of this troop | consisted of a captain, a frst lleuten- |ant, a second lieutenant an@ a cornet, | The cornet was a junior officer, And the office of cornet has continued with- out a break in the 1st Troop, Ihila- delphia City Cavalry, since that date. | Office Obsolete in British Army, “It is my understanding,” said Clem- |ent B. Wood, captain, quarters Troop, 52d Cavalry Brigade (1st Troop. Philadelphia Cavalry), “that the office of cornet has become obsolete in the British Army, and consequently the cornet of the troop is the only officer | of that rank now in being.” | Sllver bands have been authorized for | the troop guldon denoting service in | war as follows: |, Revolutiénary War: Trenton, Prince- ton. Brandywine, Germantown. War of 1812: (No Inscription for bat- | tles participated in.) Civil War: Gettysburg. | Spanish-American War: Porto Rico | World War: Champagne, Oise-Aisne, Lorraine, Meuse-Argonne, Ypres-Lys Poison Used to Kill Scientists who wage war on insect pests face the problems of after effects, when they have controlled a pest or eliminated it, that somstimes give them as much trouble as the original prob- lem. Often when they have got rid of one pest they find they have pro- duced conditions which are favorable to the development and growth of an- other pest that may be almost as both- ersome as the first. This is what hap- pened when entomologists discovered that calcium arsenate was an effective polson for the cotton bell weevil. They were astonished 1o find that this con- trol of the weevil apparently brought on an infestation in the “saved” areas by another though less important pest, the cotton aphid, which is known in some localities as the cotton louse. The States Department of ure has B conducting ex- ‘e experiments in Yguisiana to de- mmnine the facts in this . 1t has fowind that dusting cottoy repeatedly calcium arsenate forSelimination of the boll weevil actually on we‘u of the numbey of apiids. Boll Weevil Revives Other Cotton Field Pest There are two main reasons for this, One is that the calcium arsenate spells | death not only to the weevils but also | to certain enemies of the aphids, thus | ridding the race of aphids of a detri- {mental condition that prevents iheir multiplying to a great extent. When these enemies are removed the aphids reproduce &t a faster rate, Another reason is that aphids are af | tracted by any white powder, such as flour. cornstarch or calcium’ arsenate tself. Thus many more aphids were |drawn to the plants treated for the special benefit of the weevils. Cotton growers are still ush arsenate, however, Ppo controls both the aphids and the wee~ s; the arsenate for killing the weevils -ngmme sulphate for destroying . the aphids. 1t is interesting to note that the lady | beetle, commonly known as the “lady bug,” is not aflecied by eitoer of the compounds, so that these benefi | sects will stll su on doing their s a trusted ald of man in ke down other types of harmiul