Evening Star Newspaper, June 15, 1930, Page 42

CHAMBERS SPEEDING : BUSINESS OF NATION Secretary Lamont Discusses Factors Which Have Played Part in Com- mercial Development. = (Continued From First Page.) of commerce are exerting in Amer- life today. general viewpoint rather than with the paritcular trade emphasis expressed by earlier bodies of their type. If they do not arbitrate mercantile disputes Between individuals, they do encourage the adoption of general principles and practices that 1 make such disputes unlikely to arite. They recognize that industrial growth and commercial sta- are parts of a very complex de- d without losing sight of the they work rather upon the de- as a whole. retallers complain that business poor, the modern chamber is not sat- with administering a pill in the of a special sales event. It studies town’s trade territory to determine it can be extended and better cul- In cities with an agricultural ind the modern chamber is not tent with devising schemes to lure farmer trade to town. It recognizes that trade is a two-way proposition and it now works for permanent trade re- lationships between town and country by establishing markets in which far- mers may sell thier produce. Work for Adjusted Rates. On s wider scale, chambers in the larger citles look to the basic factors of commerce and industry. It may be that an adverse rate structure is handicap- local enterprise. Through its traf- department the chamber will seek duction, or expand through the intro- duction of new lines of merchandise. ‘The chamber may help that industry to analyze its market possibilittes. Both through specific studies and general re- search the modern chamber serves as nce. ‘Trade and industry complement each other. The modern chamber of com- merce seeks the extension of trade in all its phases through the development of industry. This work is carried on in some instances through volunteer com- mittee work, in others through more or less elaborate staffs of specialists. An entirely proper fleld of chamber activ- in itself, it is, nevertheless, one fraught with considerable danger. the taciory-grabwing, bomus-iving, Tau: -grabbing, bonus- , tax- remitting phase of industrial effort that from that experience, chambers today are approaching their industrial work along sounder lines. is, however, an unfortunate tend- on’ the part of many people still %o look upon the chamber u«;t commerce primarily an agency to secure so- “new” industries. Too often its in terms of ‘“‘more smoke- ” T think this is a would not minimize the ly directed lustrial the general civic and development pro- gram which now characterizes their efforts. True, the new order of things was beginning to make itself felt. Ten- tative excursions into the fleld of eivic development were being made. But basically the chamber of commerce was a trade body with a rather limited :lrll.ld special interest type of member- ip. Number Now Close to 3,000. That was 60 years ago, and today there are close to 3,000 chambers of commerce or similar commercial organ- izations in the United States Of these, more than 50 per cent are active and well financed, with full-time men in charge and with regularly functioning committees. In this spread of the chamber of commerce movement we have a graphic index of the extent to which American men have applied the co-operative principle in their dealings with one another and in their com- munity relations. One is impressed by the great influ- ence which chambers of commerce have exerted almost from the beginning, not only upon the iess interests of individual communities, but upon publie affairs and policies well. Even in the economic battles that preceded our struggle for political independence the chamber of commerce principle, as em- bodied in the then existing organizations of commercial character, played an emphatic part. For althdugh, as I have indicated, the popular spread of the ‘chamber of commerce movement did | not start until about 1870, chambers of commerce had been flourishing in the larger cities long prior to that time— one, indeed, for as much as a century. The distinction of being the first chamber of commerce in America is held by the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York, which was founded in 1768 in New York City. It came into being at a time when resent- into being in America. It vkmmufi: opposed the stamp act, the tax on tea and other taxes regarded as burdensome and iniquitous by the colonists, and al- though it was later to remain loyal to the crown during the Revolutionary War, by its early opposition to the repressive trade measures of the home ggvemm‘;lzl Lt‘ dlz“l‘nwh to strengthen e spi resistance Due ts loyalty to the crown the New York Chamber fared better than similar organizations attempted in Bos- ton. So outspoken had been the Boston merchants in their opposition to the British laws of trade and navigation that the British government a radical measures, quartered troops in the vety rooms where the Boston mer- chants been meeting and summoned many merchants before the Admiralty Court and pelled them to pay ruin- ous fines. the early chamber of corNmerce was making its uence felt! Merchants Organise Again. After the turn of the new century the Boston merchants again organized, and following the of 1815, the New England Society for the Promotion of Manufactures and Mechanic Arts was formed. This organization continued for many years—in fact, it retained its corporate existence as late as 1859. How- Vite | €ver, in 1836 the merchants and traders perf the American city to have 88 influence Jeopardized by placing on only one phase of its of industrial growth, | d | vised, to infuse more vigor cham- on one phase of development, it on a well rounded con- the serving interests of the city over years. History of Movement. What is the hist of this move- ment that plays such an important in the everyday business life of erica? Design: ly in that field rather strictly, ehambrs of commerce in the American evolution came finally to assume a broader ?fl After a hundred years, during which they were known only in & few of our larger cities, about two generations ago they suddenly & remarkable growth. this expansion started they n to be looked upon as agencies not of trade promotion alone but of general com- munity development, embracing in their TOgrams activities designed to promote growth of the ehtire community along lines that may be summarized | for convenience under three heads: Commercial. industrial and civie—with m gradually being placed upon In effecting this transition, chambers ©of commerce, like most growing insti- tutions, made some mistakes. Enthu- m:ruc m ~ hmntl u?on civic perfect , nof requently lost sight of the fact that the chamber of c‘o‘m— merce, in spite of its v other fieids, is first of all a medium through which the practical judgment of business men is brought bear upon community affairs. Or again, the other extreme was approachied, and under the delusion that they were doing big business, chambers commerce were now and then converted into mere boosting and promotive organizations, whose primary objec t seemed to be the achievement of spectacular growth, re- n‘rd“l:- of economic principles. h ‘were unavold- able, and probably occur with no greater frequency in the history of the cham- bers of commerce movement than do comparable blunders in other fields of evolution. The chamber of commerce, after all, is merely a part of our experi- ment in democracy. The weaknesses to which it has occasionally fallen vic- tim, and which are frequently quoted w 1t, are a result of the very prin- upon which the real growth of the movement is based. I refer to the voluntary nature of its support and membership, and the voluntary char- acter of the work which it accomplishes. ‘The chamber of commerce movement has not been the product of special creation or anybody’s flat. It has been an evolution, a growth—a response to changing civic and economic demands. It has been tempered and molded by changing concepts as regards civic affairs and the part of business men in them. Wise men did not sit down 180 years ago and, foreseeing the needs of the present day, lay out a charter and fix a standard for the sym- metrical development of commercial organizations. 1f that had been done, the history of the chamber of com- merce movement might be more uni- form—but who will say that it would have bulked so large? The nymerical growth of the move- ment 1s %mum. In 1870 there were 40 chambers of commerce in the Uni States. They were located in our major cities. Not infrequently they were called boards of trade, and while were not all commodity ex- changes, they were concerned prima- rily with the promotion and regulation 6f trade. Rarely had they undertaken of Boston met for the purpose llgx a chamber of commerce. lo'l‘ form- se Tiia to establish uniformity in mer- cantile usages. Like many modern cl of commerce, however, after 8 few years it found interest wa and one cannot help smiling at tn.':‘hgmordofnvmnxenu:lm‘ ‘That & meeting of the presidents and directors be called for the purpose of measures, if any can be de- into the operations of this association, that it may be more useful to the mercantile community, and if in the opinion of the R EnErIe en e e: of dis- solving the association.” i many years' e; ce ¥ of " commerce. afaire 1 of commerce and who have fought the battles of those organiza- tions through many a despondent com- mittee meeting, will read those words with a reminiscent smile. In scanning the yellowed records of those early cl of commerce it is interesting to find how similar were their problems to _ours. It develops a feeling of ¥inship with th-!rctmdheoverinlhemuor fad minutes that they not only T::"ehd violently over policies, but that members frequently resigned in |large numbers because they did not ap- prove of some action of the board of directors! Committees, too, had a habit of neglecting to function, then as now; and other members were disposed to complain bitterly of the idlers—even as they do today. The attitude of the critic on the street, too, was no whit different from that of the spiritual de- scendant of the present time. Let me quote some lines that are timeless: “The criticism is sometimes made upon the proceedings of a board or chamber that its members do nothin but talk; that they do not act; that everything is referred by them to com- mittees for investigation, and when these have reported that they content themselves with passing resolutions. do they not do something? it is sall Attitude of Many Citizens. But oor a slightly old-fashioned phrasing, those words might have been written ‘last week about the attitude of many cltizens toward their chambers of commerce. As a matter of fact, they were written in 1869 by Hamilton A.| Hill, who at that time was secretary of the Boston Board of Trade! & Those of us who have toiled in the |vineyard of our own local chambers |can look back across the years and salute those earlier members with a feeling of kinship and sympathy. In spite of vast economic shifts, our basic |problems and our natures, after all, | change little from century to century! | 'The chronology of our early chambers |1s & bit difficult to fix. Old records not | infrequently indicate that two organiza- {tions, a chamber of commerce and a |board of trade, for instance, were in | existance at the same time. Sometimes |they were merged, sometimes one of | them seems to have suffered a lingering | death. Lines of cleavage are not always l:ltlfly defined. In 1833, however, | Philadelphia organized the board of |trade of that city, and in 1834 the | Chamber of Commerce of New Orleans |was chartered. Five years later saw |the launching of the Cincinnati| | chamber. In 1844 the Board of Trade | | of Buffalo was organized. Meantime, a | board of trade d been formed in| Baltimore in 1821. It ceased to exist in 1830, however, and was reorganized in 11836. Dissolved again in 1843, it was again reorganized in 1849. | tion of purposes of ths Philadelphia | Chamber of Commerce is fairly indic: | tive .of the attitude of all our early chambers toward trade. Its purpose was to T the commercial interests of that city “by carrying into effect such rules and regulations as may from time to time be established with respect to commerce.” One of its early func- tions was the adjustment of mercantile | disputes between members and in an The language contained in the decla- | P& THE SUNDAY RECIPE FOR MAKING A MILLION FRIEND of mine who is under 35 has made a fortune, and I asked him how he did #t. “I've been to your office sev- eral times.” I sald, “but you seem seldom to be there.” “No, I don't go to the office - every day,” he answered. good deal of the time I just sit and look out the window and think. “When I make a decision go out and put it into effect, and a little more than half the time I have had the good luck to be right. When I find I have made a mistake, I sit down and ‘Now what did I do say: wrong? Were my facts inac curate, or did I draw bad con- portant function in nearly all our early commercial bodies. It is impossible within the limits of this article to discuss in detail the organizations I have mentioned and of others like them that came into being during our Colonial history. It is & story common to all voluntary human effort—periods of intense activity suc- ceeded times when the organization seemed to lie dormant, followed again by periods of revival. Even modern chambers of commerce are not strangers to such cycles. ‘What has the chamber of commerce movement done for America? In answer there is the undeniable evidence of American progress as evinced by the growth where chambers of commerce have played their part in the scheme of de- velopment. When we think of the life of European cities of 50,000 inhabitants upward .we think in terms of centuries, but there are in the United States scores of splendid cities whose populations now range better than 100,000 which only 25 or 30 years ago were nondescript small towns lying at the edge of things. ‘These cities have been made by business men working together in their common interest. In some instances they have called their organization a commercial club, in some a board of trade; most frequently they have called it a cham- ber of commerce. The name does not :ucm particularly; the principle en- lues. With some 3,000 organizations and a basic membership of perhaps 1,000, 000 people, the Chamber of Commerce may be classed as an American in-| stitution—an institution based on business, to serve business, but with a field that reaches a little beyond me; fringes of ordinary business erterprise. Under a guise of some austerity, the | American business man is often a crea- ture of deep sentiment, easily touched | by those elements of humanity that are | not quite measurable by strictly com- mercial yare . There is a spirit, a sense of kinship and solidarity. that is an imponderable but priceless part of the Chamber of Commeree movement. 1 think I can best express it by quoting again from the words of H. A. Hill, | who said of it years ago what is equally true today: “The merchant needs constantly to | be reminded that he is not only a man | but a citizen: not only one, but one of many. He needs to be drawn away from his isolation, to be diverted from the earnestness of his pursuits. He needs to be taught the advantage which Hes in mutual confidence, and in con- current action. In a word, he needs to be attracted to a sphere the center of which shall be something outside of and separate from himself. ““This is precisely what the Chamber of Commerce is calculated to do. Its whole effect is to soclalize. It connects warehouse with warehouse, and trade with trade. It serves as a bond of union in & community; as the conductor for a | current of sympathy which, without it, would not flow. It softens the asperities of eon:fitmon. it reconciles apparently conflicting interests, and it - demon- strates that the common welfare is the best basis for individual prosperity.” Campaign Probes May Bring New Set of Rules | | (Continued Prom Pirst Page.) justified in a State the size of Mich- igan and the amount that might be | justified in the much smaller State, for example, of Nevada, or the much larger State, for example, of Pennsylvania. The Senate never laid down a rule. It has never put the permitted it on & per capita basis. It has never sald that a candidate might spend a fixed sum—10 cents, or 50 cents, or a dollar, for each registered voter. The Senate has not said that—one one feels | it hesitates to say so because it would | look a little ridiculous. Among other considerations, provoc- ative of reflection, consider the dif- ference beween & Senator already in office, who can use his franking priv- ilege, who can insert his campaign lit- erature in the Congressional Record and have reprints made at little or no cost, who can put his campaign man- ager on the Government pay roll as his secretary and have his glen&:’l ‘work lntd correspondence done by vernment- id clerks—and, on the other hand, a candidate outside the Senate and try- ing to get in, who must have his cam- paign literature printed at his own ex- pense in a private plant, who must put & 2-cent stamp on every letter he writes. To print, mail and stamp one letter to each voter in the State is red voter would cost at 5 cents early document of the organization «it was enjoined upon members that they should in no case refuse to submit any matter account in dispute. This settling disputes between members seems to have been regarded as an im- each something like $156,000. Pennsylvania in the 1928 presidential election 3,122,063 votes were cast.) And who can say that 10 letters during a ters, in.the shape | vide, the report showed that the big STAR clusions? How am I going to avoid making that same mis- take again?'” I knew another man who owned a small but profitable business. He was methodical in his habits. On a certain day of each month he stayed away from the office, and everybody in his employ knew that the old man was “thinking.” From breakfast time until sundown on such a day he would sit be- fore an open fire or on an open porch, without pen or pencil or paper, or records or reports, and quietly think. He attributed his modest success to this unvarying habit. Henry Ford remarked to me once that “thinking is the hardest job there is,” and added that he could get plenty of do- ers, but not enough thinkers. I _By Most of us know from our own limited experience tnat thinking is hard, and we have insulated ourselves against it by a restless and noisy environ- ment. We have telephones to ring and interrupt us. We have stenographers to whom we can repeat, “yours received and contents noted,” and the other routine formula of business life. We have visitors, and luncheon engagements, and everything. We are afraid to be found in a small audience, terribly afrald to be alone. Our unwillingness to take trips, or to retire, is not dictated so much by loyalty to the job as it is by the haunt- ing fear that, removed from the protecting clatter of daily activity, we shall have “too much time to think.” (Copyright, 1930.) Capital Center (Continued Prom Pirst Page.) variations of such laws which are detrimental to human health. The bill authorizes the use of the | Laboratory and adjacent Jands owned | te buildings for the use of the institute as well as the acquisition of additional sites in or near the District of Columbia. Public _health investigations by the Federal Government were first author- ized in 1901. . “Since then,” states the committee heport. “commendable prog- ress has been made and many new facts discovered which have had an important bearing on' the control of disease. The necessity' for this work far outstripped the facilities for its conduct.” Reid Hunt of the Harvard University Medical School told the committee that “never in the whole history of the world have the efforts to improve health conditions been so far behind the advance in other sciences. The applications to public health are cer- tainly lagging, simply because there are no good places to study them as they should be studied.” Pointing to the fact that the United States has lagged behind in medico- scientific advances because of its lack of adequate research facilities, such as the National Institute of Health will pro- advances made in medicine in the past 60 or 70 years, with a few outstanding exceptions, have been of foreign origin, and the roots of many of them have been in the German laboratories, sup- ported by the German government. “The first duty of the state is the care of the health of its citizens,” said Dr. W. J. Mayo in a letter read before the committee. “By means of public health measures in the last 60 years the average life of man has been pro- longed 12 years. This extraordinary result has been brought about through researches by medical men and has been possible only through the co- operative labor of many investigators. The physician in his ministrations ap- plies for the benefit of his patients the best which science offers.” “The public health movement has demonstrated with complete assurance that, at the present time, with all or our health advances, hundreds of thou- sands of lives are sacrificed to ignorance and neglect and that the total eco- nomic money value of these lives is close to $6,000,000,000,” Louis I. Dublin, statistician of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. stated in a letter to Senator Ransdell. “Preventable dis- ease, likewise, costs us well over $2,000,- 000,000 a year. These are the stakes for which the public health program is playing.” ‘The of work coming under the National Institute of Health is very great. An idea as to some of the prob- lems awaiting solution is clearly set out in a recent study made by the Public Health Service of the cases of | sickness in a typical small town, and | reported to the committee. Translated into terms of the population of the United States it is shown that the number of persons suffering from minor sicknesses in 1927 were as follows: | Colds and bronchitis ..50,232,000 | Influenza and grippe 17,184,000 | Diseases of the digestive system - ‘Tonsilitis and sore throa Diseases of the.nervous, sy ' tem, including headaches. 11,589,000 | 7,884,000 5,202,000 4,104,000 2,712,000 | 2,616,000 | 2,196,000 | 600,000 Major Diseases Excluded. “It must be remembered that these figures do not touch on the more | dreaded diseases, such as cancer, tuber- | culosis, etc.” says report. “Fur- thermore, it should give rise to serious thought when we read from the report of Dr. George T. White, secretary and manager of the Association of Life In- | surance Presidents, that while the | death rate among policyholders of the 52 legal reserve life insurance com- g:nlu, was 828 per 100,000 policy- lders in 1921, nevertheless the cor- responding figures for 1927 were 823.5, & decrease of only 4.5 deaths per 100,000, which is equivalent to a de- crease of only 0.045 of 1 per cent, and | this in sp:te of all the wonderful de- | velopments in science during that | period of six ; The system of fellowships for re- searches of demonstrated proficiency, as provided in the bill, s regarded as & most im it one. These fellow- campaign, or the :‘qulamc ol. ;:' - ample, is an. by the Government for suitable and |t of hundreds of communities | ad | ottty o offer inducement and op- those specially qualified of Biggest Fight Waged on Disease in this line of research to serve their fellow men in the most useful of all site now occupied by the Hygienic | Wi part of this or other countries, wherever it would be most advantageous for the problem to be worked upon. The existence of such f¢ will direct the attention of the young men and women of our universities, and those in our high schools, to the de- sirability of equipping themselves for lifetime work in this most important | of all flelds of applied science. In discussing these fellowships, Sur- geon Kerr of the United States Tublic Health Service declared: “The most valu- able asset of the people of the country is brains, and, from my experience in college and university life, I know there are men, have been young men, and I know there must be now, who, by reason of lack of finances, lack of encouragement, and the inaccessi- | bility of a scientific environment in which to develop, have fallen by the wayside. Now, the purpose of a meas- ure of this kind should be to have po- tentially available a provision whereby a young man could be aided, not for a few days or a few weeks, to finish his | education, as the universities have some funds of that character, but to aid him, } after he has graduated, providing he is an extraordinary student.” Concerning the matter of gifts and donations to the Natlonal Institute of Health, Senator Ransdell said “In the field of public health no precedent can be recalled of donations from thropists to enable the Federal Govern- ment to maintain laboratories and in- stitutions for the promottion of re- search with possibly one exception. The Smithsonian Instiution was founded as the result of the gift of one man. It stands as & monument to his name and its achievements are known throughout the world. With the highest respect for Smithson and full appreciation of the great work accomplished by the Smithsonian Institution and the bu- reaus directed by it, I believe that the citizens of America would have derived infinitely more practical benefit had he left his endowment for an establishment to study the diseases of man, to relieve human suffering and prolong human life * * * I cannot suggest anything to the millionaires of America, many of whom are earnestly seeking some wise use for their weaith, that will do as much good to humanity as to con- tribute generously to their Federal Gov- ernment for public health purposes in combating disease. “A great chemico-medical laboratory, fully equipped to cope with all disease that ict mankind, where he can carry. on his im| nt work fruitfully and in an unlimited way is the need of the American scientist. Our lagging in the matter of medical research has not been the result of the inefficient mentality of our scientists, but, on the contrary, the lack of facilities and the discouraging insufficiency of funds to stimulate re- cruits in science.” ‘What results will be accomplished by the National Institute of Health, which will be perhaps the greatest single agency ever formed for the combating of disease, can hardly be visualized. Measure Offered in 1926. “Encouraged this Government,” Dr. Anhu:' M(‘Cbgrmlck. State health | officer of Kentucky, declared, “it ab- solutely startles one's imagination to | contemplate the resulting benefits to humanity that can be accomplished.” The passage of this bill is the realiza- tion of a dream come true for Senator Ransdell, and is the third great hu- manitarian measure he has put throug! being the author of the bill to estal lish the National Leprosarfum at Car- ville, La., where lepers are today being cured, and hnvln{l fathered the bill to eradicate Texas fever. rgn r Ransdell first mt;ognczd ll;e measure on July 1, 1926, and for nearly four years he has applied himself un- ceasingly and untiringly and with un- diminished enthusiasm toward the realization of his ideal. The suffering of humanity throughout the centuries has impelled him in his efforts, the great need of his country's physicians and scientists for such a measure to aid them in their battle against suffer- ing, and his mtflnflt desire to make the United States a leader in this move- ment of such vast benefit to_countless millions in the ages to come has urged him on. Many men of vision and love for their fellows have ted him the educatisnal work ry for the g% “Blwhnfl hilan- | in doing | various Bruce Barton IPSYCHOLOGY’S VALUE STIRS UP DIFFERENCES Application as to Children Brings Out Two Viewpoints of Widespread Interest. (Continued From Third Page.) human abdomen and also some of the physiology of the organs volved. Psychoanalysis is very like an oper- ation and depends upon a knowledge of the structure and functions Mother Looks at Child Psychology Emerson tells the story of “a man who on his death bed called to him his profiigate son and left him large possessicns, only exacting of him the prom- ise to spend an hour every day alone. The son kept his word and became a wise and good man.” In another passage Emer- son remarks that “the gods and the wild beasts are both fond of solitude; thought makes the difference between the solitude of the god and that of the lon.” Solitude and thought are re- sponsible for the comsiderable fortune of the young friend whom I quoted at the begin- ning. I pass on his recipe free to all. I have not been able to apply it to myself —having been too busy. them all.” he says, “but I cannot re- tioning frain from ment t has paved the way for this ition’ g the National Institute o(mmn in , & George But to Senator Ransdell | will go first honors for this great hu- manitarian measure and the institute morial to his name. |Cuban Envoy Clarifies | Pan-American Movement (Continued From Third Page.) importance to them. Outside of Cuba, | the supposedly coveted Caribbean zone has received small amounts of money, when compared with the large Ameri- can investments in Chile, Peru, Argen- tina, ete. If the terms ‘“economic domination” and “financial imperialism” have been used to arouse suspicion and distrust among the Latin Americans, the Mon- roe Doctrine has been utilized to upset Latin American pride. However, in the inion of Ferra; M Del to ndence, has been at assistance and benefit to the American countries. He shows that among the parties concerned, Europe, Latin America and the United States, the latter has been the least interested in having recourse to the Monroe Doctrine, or profiting by it. IStrange as it may seem,” he says, “this is historically true.” Latin America has invoked the Mon- roe Doctrine and sought its protecting influence on numerous occasions during the past century. Several European ers have also used it, demanding the United States the protection of their interests which they considered endangered by certaln Latin American republics. On the other hand, the United States has only taken recourse to the principles of the Monroe Doc- trine in very few instances, and then with an unselfishness which the author considers deserving of praise. Once the way has been cleared of all these misunderstandings, the Cuban Ambassador belleves the success of the far-reaching -American ideals will follow. Pan-Americanism, he is a regional organization of human society in a continent where history has not left hatreds, bitterness and old ani- mosities among its components. Thus it is an organization for peace and co- operation, not of political interests or economic convenience, and in this lies the basis of its success. Moreover, we must add that pan- Americanism exists for the propagation of good will not only in this part of the earth, but in the world at large. It is for world peace and world fraternity, for universal good, not for the creation of combatant groups or selfish hege- monies. The international community should recognize in it the first success- ful step toward a hngflm‘ world bullt on peace, justice and right. Science Finds Wealth In Waste From Crops (Continued From Third Page.) discovery of ways of recovering waste and cashing in on its utilization, but also ways of making more advantageous use of familiar farm products heretofore regarded as of food value only. Dr Robert Stewart, dean of the College of Agriculture of Nevada University pointed out in an important paper in ?‘h: Scientific American sume; the 1 products abroad is limited by economic factors, and conse- quently the existence of a large surplus ‘Tesponsib) le for our vital according to the Cuban Ambassador, | O declares, | 7 year ago that § And Finds It to BY EATHARINE SEDLEY. H] and have but little effect, if any, upon the child before its birth. Recently he has founded will be a lasting me-| As the away immediate! If that physician’s been followed for long, the “introspection,” com) e eration with great ease and unconcealed pride. |hn mother and said, “Mother, it is not that I do not think of you, or love you less, all this it month, but I seem to be in a men vents me from sitting m; thoughts sufficlently to write to you." Of course, her mother knew that it was no mental complex at all. It was sheer old-fashioned ess, but it was true that the child could not write while she herself felt that her mind was grip- ped in a complex, or vise, which re- strained her. She was proud of her dis- covery of a mental complex, and f‘lm'led in her powers of self-analysis, whereas hrmer); she would have been ashamed of the fault of laziness and would have tried to conquer it. That alone is one of the dangers of fon. A child often regards a complex as an inherent quality his brain and an ultimate condition. If we could persuade him that it is only an old-time, stupid fault or & prosaic virtue, he might realize that his will power could eradicate the one or de- velop and st hen the other. With- out this knowledge self-analysis fre- quent produces stagnation of the will power. Of course, these unfortunate results are not at all what the professors of psychol intend to bring about in the minds of their pupils, but they are the very direct consequences that I see repeaf in my many contacts with boys and girls. ~ Tests that gre applied in the school room under the ce of & professor are later tried by the children on each other and on themselves until the i re- imaginative importance. The; for hidden motives for even insignificant reactions; they lyze every emotion and sensation; search inward to find, or create, depths One pallid youth told me in ‘all seriousness that he was ‘seeking for truth in his subconsciousness.’ I Test Opposed for Youths. I am convinced that a young mind should be discouraged from n upon any su that involves ough for an adult ta and young boys and gir] Subjected to it. It 1 Reurotic sort of developmigat Bcute sensitiveness. One lant (bril but Be Often a Menace an of one of our largest uni- r-l mistake in my love for my children. She , she said, that I had intense love for them, but she was sure t | under orders; today and are used and mis- | enthood a well trained used frequently by all the younger gen- | conscientious s One girl wrote home from college to Finally s e |40 oo | 2isiis for 28 5 23 i ] i 5.5; 5 H i 8 and long has uppress the his heart and body every e w28 day le is dis- ciplined. If he would soon be thrown out of the army as of no pos- sible value to his country in a mfi“ One instance of a very exhausting, wearisome and unhappy tussle between a hl.h-a’trlwd child and sincere and consclentious parents comes near home to me. The mother is a college grad- uate, who has drunk deeply of many sclences, among them that of psychol- ogy, during her col days, and has brought to her Iife and par- brain and a desire to use her edu- cation, self-development, time and h to ml.keh success of her fam- n her want to return to school that year; that he preferred to stay in the country. The mother pondered in her mind on the advantages of self-e: fon. Per- haps her boy was destined to be n great naturalist. Idleness and Boredom Should she thwart and lm de- velopment in_that line by sending him back to be shut up in a school room, where strict discipline and school books would starve out any budding origi- lity? Where he might become standardized? No, she decided; she would profit by her study of the famous Freud and other psychologists; she would put her faith in them to the test, and perhaps during the long Winter months her boy would study animal life or geology and develop all sorts of hitherto un- suspected characteristics. 80 he was not sent away at all that Winter, and the mother watched with expectant eyes to see some unusual mentality flower in this atmosphere of freedom. But all she could discover in his character were habits of idle- ness and boredom. m:'dhe;r.ore, the"next ‘Pnll she tactfully e suggestion of school again, as she was almost, though not quite, con- vinced that perhaps originality and genius could develop at school as well as at home, and she hoped he would want to return to school with his friends. But again he refused and again she f‘“ in. The same thing happened he third Winter. The boy was actu- ally allowed to stay away from school for three years. He had tasted though, when he was 12 old, he announced that he thol would return to school in the went off willingly and graciously. Less than a week later he burst in at the door of his home, His mother looked up to see a face black with rage, to hear her son in a wild shrieking voice and with mad passion sena forth A volley of curses and words of hatredy ly understood what he was didn't you make me go those years! You are Wn_ up, you are oid, you ought to ve known better! Why couldn’t you have taken care of me and made me ses I would be behind all the other boys if I didn't go? You A:;ut have Ipjown lass.