Evening Star Newspaper, June 15, 1930, Page 40

2 THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON. D. C. JUNE 15, 1930—PART TWO. _—“—_—_fi—‘*——‘——‘——hfi—_—“——m An American Every 23 Seconds THE EVENI i With Sunddy M 2% WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY..........June 15, 1930 STAR Eaitién. THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office. 1th 20 - and Pennsylvania Ave. Ne e rope: Ave. Your Ofice: TH0EASt dagd oy, ¥ y'lésllglchl‘lfi l‘emdu'- ce. . London, ‘Engiand. Rate by Cartier Within the City. m Frenjns 8t 45c cer month eming n 4 60c per month f 65¢c per month 1hi énd 8 cach momn, foc be sent in by mail or trlephone Rate g Mail—Payable in Advance. ryland ily and Siunday E"J only .. nday only HA.ll dotgu'flshtlcc and Canada. y an unday. .1 yr., $17.00: 1 mo., $1.00 13 X A el Member of the Associated Press. “The Assocjated Press Sxclysively entitled use for repul "Cl‘t‘O Al - En‘c%u credited (o it or Rot Othersiss cre: Sitshed Derot AT Sistt of AL E Al T Toeclal Gicbatenen Mardlanas " publication of Unprincipled Lump-Sum Principle. It 80 happens that neither the prin- elple of fixed ratio in District appro- priations nor the principle of the lump #um stands as the barrier separating the House and Senate on the 1931 Dis- trict bill. The issue that divides them is the amount of the Federal contribu- tion to the Federal Capital, set six years #g0 by the House at $9,000,000. This year the Senate asked $12,000,000, later offering to compromise on some other figure between nine and twelve millions. The House refuses to budge. But as Representative Simmons made & number of allusions to both prin- eiples in addressing the Housé Thurs- day on the District bill, it is proper to renew that discussion in connection Wwith the deadlock between the con- ferees. This is done elsewhere in to- day’s Star. ‘Thoee who defend the existence of the lump sum as & regular annual ap- propriative practice are immediately confronted with the necessity of ex- plaining away its illegitimate birth, for it has come into befng in deflance of substantive law that still remains on the bookd. One of the troublesome facts that stands to condemn the legitimacy of the lump sum is that there have been at least two carefully planned efforts to wipe the fixed ratio system of appropriation off the books called uj to eonduct & long pro- ted, mme, wedrisome leadership such as the Senator from Utah was drafted to carry on. He has been a good soldier. _This tribute was seconded by Senator Simmons, the ranking Democrat on the finance committee, for whom also Mr. ‘Walsh said a warm word of congratula- tions for his part in the work. The North Carolina Senator added his tribute to the remarkable patience and the absolute fairness of his Utah col- league. Then came Senator Swanson of Virginia, concurring in the deserved encomiums that had been delivered upon the Senator from Utah and ex- pressing appreciation of the ability and courage and consistency with which Mr. Simmons had led the Democrats in their opposition to the bill. This column in the Record might well be printed as & document and cir- c | culated—might, indeed, better be so distributed than much of the material that is “lifted” from the Record forms at the Government Printing Office and put forth as pamphlets and leaflets and tracts in this, that or the other inter- est. The old game of depicting the enemy as having “hoofs and horns” is played out, and the country should know that in the hally of Congress, where bitter fights are waged in partisan campaigns, the merits and the high qualities of leaders are mutually recognized and publicly appraised. ———— 01d Landmarks to Go. Shortly after the passing of the pres- ent fiscal year, which is to say early in July, work will start on the removal of & group of landmarks from the heart of Washington. These are the structures occupying the truncated square bounded by Pennsylvania avenue, Fourteenth, E and Fifteenth streets. This block, bought by the Government a good many years ago as part of the site proposed then for the location of three Govern- ment department buildings, is to be turned into a park or plaza to give a proper setting to the new Commerce Department, which is now rising im- mediately to the south. Some efforts have been made by lesseés of buildings in the square to have their life pro- Ionged, but they have been unavailing and unless & change of ruling is made at the last moment all the properties, now occupled by private interests or public offices, will be vacated by the first of July and soon thereafter the wreckers will be at work. In this block are some notable souvenirs of the old Washington. There is, mogt conspicuously, the theater building, originally constructed nearly fifty years ago as an armory for the ‘Washington Light Infantry, long since merged in the District National Guard. For many years it was the home of drama. Operas and plays and later vaudeville programs were presented upon its stage, and it has béen an in- timate part of the life of the Capital. .| Slightly older is the structure known as the Hall of the Grand Army of the Republic, bullt as a grocery store with rooms available in the upper stories for the meetings of this and other or- ganizations. Still older s the hotel building at thé northwest corner which was construeted shortly after the Civil ‘War and has borne at least four suc- cessive names. Some of the other buildings on the block are as old as or applied to the peculiar rela- national and local partners in National Capital partnership. It destroys all relations between the na- tional and local contributions and, leaving all taxing power in the hands of the ted States, deprives the unrepre- sented Capital of its safeguard against excessive taxation by a taxing body in which it is not represented. It teaches & false theory concerning the relations of Nation to Capital, obtruding annual- ly upon the attention of Congress the suggestion of a large cash donation to the Capital, as if the primary obliga- tion of National City upbullding were upon the local taxpayers and the Na- tion were only an incidental contribu- tor, & voluntary and benevolent donor. It places & limit upon the amount of money to be spent by the omnipotent national partner, with exclusive power of legislation and sppropriation in his hands, and removes all limit from the amount which the national partner may exact for Capital upbuilding from the impotent loeal partner, the District taxpayers. e Investigation of campaign upendl-; ture does not always imply assurance that leaders in public life are willing to prac- tice the personal economies usually | eommended to the plain people. | —————— Friendly Enemies. When the Benate on Friday voted, 44 to 42, to adopt the final conference reports on the tariff bill and thereby | sent that measure to the House for its eoncluding action, it developed a genial mood. The long, hard grind was over. The asperities of partisan debate were exhausted. In a generous spirit of ap- preciation praise was bestowed from the Democratic side upon BSenator Smoot, leader of the Republican pro-tariff forces. The scene enacted in the Upper HMouse is worthy of note as showing that, after all, the personal relations of antagonisis are excellent and that earnestness and fidelity and ability are recognized without regard for partisan- ship. Benator Walsh of Massachusetis took the initiative in saying the “word of public commendation and approval of the patience and industry” manifested by the Senator from Utah, who had charge of the bill. He sald: Very naturally a good many hard blows have been struck. The Senator from Utah has manfully fought his party’s battle. Sometimes I have felt that some of the blows were of such a character that the Vice President might well have declared & foul, but through all the long months of debate the Sen- ator from Utah has been patient, kind and courteous. These qualities have won the commendation and approval of all his colieagues. I do not think that in the long history of the Senate debates there has ever before been a Senator perhaps even older than the hotel, relies of the Washington of the fifties and the sixties of the past century. Since the Government has been the owner of this block little has been done to maintain the structures in good or- der. When, in 1922, following the Knickerbocker Theater disaster, it was determined to strengthen certain of the places of public assemblage in Wash- ington, the old theater was materially changéd in the interfor. Otherwise, these structures have stood during all the time of the Government’s owner- ship as they had been standing for long before the transfer of title. So there will be little regret at fheir passing. Some sentiment may be evoked by the destruction of the landmarks, but their disappearance will be far more than compensated by the scene of beauty that will be created on their site. ‘The prospective closing and destruc- tion of these buildings illustrates the very eondition of Government housing equipment in Washington that the great work now in progress is to correct. In these buildings have been placed numer- ous bureaus and divisions and offices and agencies of the Federal and Dis- trict Governments, making shift in in- adequate quarters at considerable risk to safety of personnel and of records, for practically the entire block is non- fireproof. Now these various groups must move out to find other quarters, most of them temporary, awaiting the completion of the Federal buildings of the great construction program and the municipal eenter. Some will go into bulldings now standing on the site of the municipal center only to move again when the time comes for that ground to be cleared. 8o they have gone from pillar to post, these odds and ends of public offices 0 10 speak, housed now here, now there, never properly or wholesomely, or in fact, safely. But now the dawn is breaking and the day will soon arrive when all will find places in clean, new, well designed, well bullt structures, forming a great harmonious plan of Capital making. R Election irregularities are more easily checked up than Volstead violations. In the case of a ballot there is no doubt about the purchaser being equally guilty with the vendor. ——————— Unemployment. The resources of the social sciences are beginning to be concentrated to- ward the solution of one of the major problems of American civilization—un- employment. It is by no means a new problem. The condition is as old as the specialization of labor. But it constjtutes a dangerous flaw in the architecture of the present economic and social structure in the United States. The trend is toward finer and finer specialization of labor—toward the ab- solute dependence of the individual on one narrow craft for livelihood. The population is concentrating in industrial centers. Families have cut loose entirely from the land which in the past has afforded & means of bridging periods of industrial depression. A retracing of this path does not seem to offer a so- lution. The individual is more and more standardized as a part of a ma- chine, entirely dependent on the func- tioning of the machine as a whole. This has grought about many advan- tages. It Talsed the standard of living. It has increased industrial éf- ficlency. But it has inereased véstly the significance of unemployment. It has placed the assurance of a livelihood in return for labor far beyond the cofitrol of the individual. 3 A large group of leading sociologists, economists and statistictans have put themselves on record in favor of the three bills introduced by Senator Rob- ert F. Wagner of New York providing for more efficient employment offices, better planned public works and better labor statistics. These three avenues of attack are, at present, the most obvious. Few would maintain that they will pro- vide a complete solutfon of this vexing | question. The more it is analyzed sci- entifically the more complicated it is likely to become. The final answer will not be obvious and simple. But civilization hardly can continue indefinitely in the way it is going while this defect remains unremedied. The germs of unemployment have been long in the bloodstream of the social body, but their effect has been magnified into a major malady by the conditions of the machine age. The problem deserves the best intellectual éfforts of this gen- | eration. Its solution will be one of the greatest possible achievements to which the co-operating social sclences can look forward. The machine cannot live independent of the man. ———— Death Penalty for Speed Records. Maj. Sir Henry O. D. Segrave, holder of extraordinary records for speed on land and sea, has paid the final and apparently inescapable penalty for en- terprise in the mastering of time and space. He reached his supreme climax ashore in March, 1929, when at Day- tona Beach he drove his Golden Ar- row motor car, a remarkable contriv- ance for developing the highest speed, at the rate of 231 miles an hour, plus a four-figure decimal fraction. In rec- ognition of this feat King George knighted him upon his return from America. Then his wife persuaded him to abandon the motor racing game, which has exacted so many death pen- alties from its devotees. He did not, however, desert the contest for speed, but transferred his attention to marine racing, and brought to bear upon the problem of developing the highest effi- ciency in motor boats his peculiar skill and inventive ability. He had evolved a craft that was undoubtedly one of the swiftest machines in ex- istence, perhaps the highest ‘evolution of the marine motor. Trying it out on Lake Windermere, in England, Se- grave met his fate Friday. He died triumphant, however, for in the course of the runs over the measured distance that ended in his fatal injuries he had averaged 98.76 miles an hour, which is a world record. His last words were a query on this score, and it may be that he died happy in the knowledge that he had achieved his object. It is not for mere glory, at the price of their lves, that these daring men like Segrave continue to build and drive motor cars, boats and airplanes for new records. They are pioneering in the development of the machines. It does not follow that because they travel in their trial and contest runs and flights at phenomenal speeds or rise to amazing heights all the world will soon move as rapidly or as far or as high. They are, in fact, making pos- sible performances in the future that will far exceed those of today, and for their services and their sacrifices they are thanked and honored, and when they pay the penalty of Naturé's ex- action for daring too greatly they are mourned as herolc contributors to progress. ——eee A popular radio announcer is sure of being heard and of finding his remarks in universal favor. He may easily be envied by many a public orator of more serious responsibility. i Any one who doubts natiomal pros- perity has only to consider the spare change always available for ringside seats at a prize fight. . o Soviet Russia may at least claim credit for industrializing Siberia instead of reserving it as a place of terror for political exiles. — e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Facial Measurement. A great philanthropist will claim Of pictured glory scarce a trace. The pugllist steps into fame And everybody sees his face. His features may be grim and hard As they appear in printed space To the extent of one square yard Along with type we view your face. Unto a great athlete we show ‘The deference of artistic grace. As in sum total we bestow Bo vast an acreage of space. Diffuse Comment. “You claim your antagonist does not stick to his subject.” “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum. “He is against prohibition, yet he keeps talking about the full dinner pall. As & consistent wet he ought to limit his remarks to the full hip flask.” Jud Tunkins says they are going to call the new baby Einstein. They don't quite understand what he is trying to say, but everybody listens with interest, just the same. More Game Laws Needed. In places wild the game we see Abundantly protected. In cities humans have to flee. ‘Their safety is neglected. . Relief. “Is there any true farm relief?” “Some,” answered Farmer Corntossel. “The subject is enabling our Congress- man to get & lot off his mind.” “Aristocracy,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “arose from the natural \Qnd('ncy of men to divide themselves into two classes—those who pay taxes and those who spend them.” Biological Problems. (The way men lived in prehistoric time | Excites attention both in prose and rhyme And helps us to forget that we must pay To meet the cost of living here today. “De wicked used to be s'posed to love darkness,” sald Uncle n, “but dem gang folks 18 doin' deir ighest work in broad daylight.” DIVIDED BY THE RIGHT REV. Text: St. Mark #i, 9—“They that went before and they that followed.” It is frequently difficult to discover by what processes public opinion is made. In many instances its Aeelsions lack | CTYing both reason and logic. To follow the crowd is always easier than to reach our own decisions and to pursue our own way. It is not given to many men to be able to “give a reason for the that is in them.” Al dewn through the ages conditions have arisen that have called for quick decision and ready aetion. Very frequently these de- cisions have not been characterized by reflection or a recognition of the irresistible logic of events. No matter how ¢ emingly indepéndent we may be in our thinking, we are all more or less the victims of that subtle thing we clldll ”{ubhc:&m!on." u‘;v: km'w?(hm cident recorded upon o8 that so ill tes the v-rls;fmeu of men as that which rélates to the tragic last days of the Master. His extraordi- nary utterances and incomparablé life, He had won the confidence of a considerable group of men. No matter how they may have misin eted the deep significance of His teaching, they had come to regard Him as one who possessed extraordinary gifts. The day had come that, to the minds of many, was to mark His rise to wmmmalq ] ul 1t the the They hailed ror and deliveréer. They sa w in im the one who was to break the yoke | Opi imposed upon them by the Roman Em- pire. For a brief moment He was I on the wave of popular favor. that went before and they that fol- lowed" cried, saying: “Hosanna! Blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord! Blessed be the kingdom of our father David!” What the mind of Jesus was concerning this acclaim is not dis- closed. It seems incredible that the favor, This ly affected CROWDS JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, Bishop of Washington. crowd which was 86 vociferous in ite morning acknowledgment of His great- neéss should before the close of day, as the result of a sinister conspiracy, be out, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!” As we see this morning crowd, it di- vides itself into two distinct parts. “They that went before” were the en- thusiasts, the quickly persuaded, the fickle, superficial devotees of that which was novel and momentarily popular. In- trigued by what they interpreted as the recognition of a popular hero, they be- came the willing victims of an ephem- eral public opinion. The second ele- ment that followed behind the hero rep- resenited the more cautious and con- servative, those who were unwilling to yield to a hasty judgment or to ratify at once their napmvnl of His new-found latter group was mote large- by the shifting opinion of the crowd. They were more ready to abandon the idol of the hour if personal convenience dictated it, or the tide of popularity shifted. At the centér of this motley group we behold the lonely unmoved and unperturbed, with fxed m“nlnmnhn going on to His appointed y. Human nature does not greatly change. We still live in a world of di- vided erowds. Between the spontaneous, eager, superficial group and a hesitant, easily discouraged one, the Master of men still moves down the broad high- ways of human e lence. Jesus is still the victim of shifting, changeable pub- lic opinion. Every new generation ap- praises His worth by its own standards. inions vary concerning Him, but He holds on His fixed way in spite of all that mén may say and men may do. To ey | the end of time He will be the observed of all observers, superficially studied by those who acclaim Him only to e Him; recognized by those whose judg- ment concerning Him shifts with popu- lar favor or changed public opinion. Sooner or later we are compelled to appraise Him. Pressure on the Pre sident to Sign And to Veto the Tariff Bill Is Heavy * BY WILLIAM HARD. ‘The forces besetting the President to induce him to veto the tariff bill are of vast political and economic mass and momentum; but there is a possi- bility that they may not prevail. In- deed, the best informéd: guess heré ir that the chances are at least 51 to 40 that the President, unless some wholly new thoughts aré thrown into the bal- ances of his judgment, will givé to the bill a somewhat unsatisfied signature. Against the bill there are arrayed the importers, the exporters, the surviving free traders, the economists of the uni- versities, the economists of the bulk of the largest financial and industrial cor- porations, most of the traditional farm- ers of the South, all the agricultural “progressives” of the Northwest, vir- tually all the “international bankers” of Manhattan Island, most publicists, most newspapers and at least 85 per cent of | the citizens who are earnest enough to write letters to the White House. R Tt is a safe caleulation that the Presi- dent has heard four or five times as much against the bill as in its favor. The forces against the bill have pretty well driven the supporting forces clear off the voluble argumentative field. They advance now upon the President and say: “Show some courage, and agree with us, and veto the bill.” Their assumption continuously fc that in order to veto the bill the Presi- dent will have to be the possessor of courage. TN truth here in the interior of the whole mnc!‘rr lu the n'recl';lhe op- ite. The principal money gatherers l'p);-th! Republican national committee and of the Republican campaign com- mittees for this Fall are among the bill's severest critics. The sentiment against the bill has penetrated the very vitals of the Republican national or- ganization. All that the President needs in order to veto the bill is a willingness to spread his sails to the existing winds and lie on the deck and let himself be wafted to immediate popularity. * kKA The erux of the problem is in the word “immediate.” ‘The President is| known to perceive clearly that the in- stant effect of a vetoing of the bill would be highly advantageous to him It might be also highly advantageous, it is argued, to his party. This conten- tion has been pressed upon the Presi- dent even by some legislators who for local reasons have aligned themselvs on the side of the bill. They say that we face the prospect of several months more of economic dcpression. They say that if the bill becomes & law it will be blamed for the continuance of the depression. They say that the thing to do is to eliminate the bill and to let the depres- sion get blamed upon the stock market gamblers and their recent self-made crash. ‘The contrary contentions brought to the President’s presence by the mi- nority, which advises him to sign the bill, are contentions not immediate but ultimate. They fall into two classes. ‘The first class is economic and the sec- ond is political. * k% From the economic point of view some people tell the President that the new duties in the bill cannot possibly hurt the country as much as it would be hurt by permitting the tariff con- troversy to go unsolved and thereupon to be revived in the next Oongress. ‘They say that the most deplorable set- tlement now is preferable to a continued unsettlement all through next Winter. ‘They also maintain that the bill's deplorableness has been much exag- gerated by the genius of Mr. Charles Michelson, the Democratic national committee's press agent extraordinary and propagandist publicist Y‘lenlpounu- ary. They séverely accuse the President of a hu& political error in tethe the Republican national committee to a soft pedal and a gag while Mr. Michelson was permitted by the Demo- cratic national committee to proclaim the faults of the bill with all stops out and in his most unimpeded and highest tenor notes. They openly declare that the President has brought the party close to immediate ruin by allowing the public tariff debate between the two parties to consist almost entirely of a virtuoso solo by Mr. Michelson. * x ok % ‘They insist that a wholly different attitude on the part of the general public toward the bill can be -Yo!dfly created if the President will only au- thorize the Republican national com- mittee to do publicity for this bill as vigorously as the Republican national committee under Chairman John T. Adams did publicity for the tariff bill of 1922, Approxlmn'klg the same ele- ments which oppose this bill opposed that one. Approximately the same arguments about an increased cost of living and a decreased volume of ex-|tor ports were used. Approximately the same prophecies of hardship at home and of ill will abroad were uttered. The difference only was that then the Republican national committee con- tinuously, day by day, fought back, whereas this time—until the last few weeks—it has spent its time principally pulling the bedclothes over its head. friends of the bill thereupon ad- | .o vise the President to show some cour- age and sign the bill and terminate the tariff storm and then again show some courage and let Mr. James West, the Republican national committee's pub- licity paladin, gird on his gleaming sword and really do battle for the bill, no matter whose skulls he eracks. They g:lnb out that the difference in iniquity tween the present operating tariff law and the new proposed tariff bill is to be measured by an advance from along about 33 per cent of tariff poison in our dutiable imports to along about 39 per cent. feel* confident that it can ‘medically proved that & country which has acquired a claimed immu- nity to 33 per cent of the poison can readily stand & mere 6 per cent more of it. To get this done and to relieve business of the tariff dispute by trans- ferring it from the Congress into the statute books, the President needs— these people say—simply courage. * ok Kk Having thus presented their eco- nomic argument, these people further present a political argument as follows: is the President’s friends in_ the House of Representatives who have made the framéwork of this bill. It is the President’s friends in both houses of the Congress who have voted for this bill. ‘The President, by vetoing the bill, cannot conciliate his enemies. He would only give them fresh rein- forcements through desertions to them from among his abandoned friends. Therefore the President should not take & short-time view of this matter, but should take a long-time view and should call upon himself for a little courage and sign the bill. Such are the pressures upon the President. The gentlemen opposing the bill assert that the President will be a coward if he signs it. The gentlemen favoring the bill assert he will be a coward if he vetoes it. The President can thank both elements for at least one agreement. They agree that he should exhibit courage. (Copyrisht, 1930, r——— Benefits and Losses Incident to Mergers BY HARDEN COLFAX. Government officials and legal author- ities throughout the country are giving deep consideration today to the relative advantages of business consolidations. There is no question that the trend of the times is toward consolidation of industry. Mergers which 20 years ago would probably have been regarded as monopolies or moves toward monopolies now are df as immediate possi- bilities. Business men who are eonsidering such mergers, however, are by no means certain as to the extent of their advan- tages. Legal authorities are uncertain Just how far such amalgamations may %o under the statutes. Consequently, there is much interest expressed in the measure just introduced in the House of Representatives directing an investiga- tion by the Federal Trade Commission of the relative gains and losses resulting from big business mergers, chain busi- ness operationg and other business con- solidations. The commission will report to Congress next December. SR ‘The resolution says that inasmuch as there have been many mergers and consolidations involving milllons of capital in the last 10 years and as it is presumed great gains have resulted to those whose interests have been con- solidated, it is natur8 to infer that there may have been corresponding losses to other interests in such con- solidations. The resolution suggests an exhaustive nud&c of the effects of mergers on the stockholders and officers of subsidiary corporations and holding companies. Raliroad executives, many of whom are anxious to see various carriers merged, admit frankly that there Is a point beyond which consolidations are not ible or economically advisable, On the othér hand, they insist that up to a certain point consolidations are rofitable to the interests concerned. ey say, however, that merely because the United States Steel Corporation was 8 successful merger, it does not follow that other mergers would be equally successful. * ok ox One pui in consolidation is to make avallable a quality of manage- ment which cannot be afforded by a small company. Thomas R. Jones, vice president of the Harris-Seybold-Potter Co., declares that the real object of mergers is to effect internal economies in manufacture, distribution and ad- ministration, to eliminate bad mer- chandising conditions and to smooth sales and production variations, espe- cially in businesses of highly seasonal ‘acter. Thus a company might be able to choose its production so that the seasonal peaks of one commodity produced would offset the valleys of the others. According to Mr. Jones, & consolida- tion to justify its existence should ac- complish things which it is impossible to acecomplish in independent business. A consolidation must produce a better product at the same price or the same product at a lower price, he believes, and must produce more stability in the industry and more profit fof the inves- TS, The main object, naturally, of most consolidations is the reduction of over- head, management and distribution charges. If one sales force and one sales manager can do the work of the com- bined forces of three or four companies, it obviously 18 of economic advantage. PR On the other side of the picture, me ess _executives, even those closely allied with consolidations, de- clare that mergers do not necessarily bring economies. 1In some instances, they say, it means a let-down in the morale of the executives of the con- stituent companies, and it deadens the initiative of executives when final de- cision is taken from their hands and vested in a board of directors. Many executives, it is claimed, think that a merger ends their txx‘l;len and they can sit back and let body else as- sume their b ns. In many c it 1s necessary, in order -to secure approval of the mer; Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. There is 76 more human document printed in this eountry than the Con- gressional Record, which reflects the human might as well as frailties of the individual members of Congress, into which goes many & story of local achievement; pathos as well as romance and political conaivance run through its pages; current Mstory and biography and the co-operation as well as rival- rous friction between States and sec- tions. One of the best features of the Con- gressional Record is that it not in- frequently carries tributes to men and women who have performed some out- standing service for the Nation and for their fellow men. An illustration of this is when Representative Cramton, Republican, of Michigan, emphasized the labor of love performed by the late Stephen T. Mather, founder and director of the Natlonal Park Service, in preserving nature itself in its might- iest and most beautiful phases for fu- ture generations, saying, “There will never comé an end to the good that he _has done.” Representative Cramton, who has himself performed nobly in preserving the gorge and other scenic features of the Potomac River and assured de- velopment of riverside park and recrea- tion areas that will give the National Capital attractions unequaled anywhere else in the world, put into the Record an enthralling story of the building up of the National Park System in the past 60 ‘vee-n so that today this bureau administers 21 national parks and 33 national monuments, which were visited by more than 3,000,000 tourists last year and on which the Féderal Govern- ment will spend more than $10,200,000 next year. In 1870 there were no national &nn in the world. In the Territory of Mon- tana there lived a coterie of pioneers who had heard amazing tales of Jlml Bridger and other trappers of marvels of the headwaters of the Yellowstone River—a mystic region, uncharted, and infested by wild beasts and marauding ‘war parties of Indians. It was our last frontier, Custer had not been killed on the Little Big Horn; Gen. Nelson A. Miles had not captured Chief Je but ford, mfl“- and the ‘Washburn, Lang , rest, 15 in all, hduflnlm military escort—set out from Helena in August, 1870, and spent more than four weeks on one of the greatest adventures in West- ern hhun;. ‘They authenticated the existence of the geysers, the hot 3 the Yellow Canyon, the great water- falls, the vast lake and all the other marvels. Finally the time came to leave for home. On the night of September 19, 1870, the party held a farewell camp fire meal near thé Firehole River, only a few miles from Old Faithful Geyser, which Gen. Washburn had named that very afternoon. Here in the glow of the camp fire were all the elements of a successful Lyons meeting—splendid environment, hearty appetites, good food, vigor, the song of the rushing river and & live subject for discussion and de- cision. The imminence of the return to civilization tempered excited minds with practical thoughts. One of the band suggested that immeédiately upon the return to Helena each member pre-empt parcels of land around the geysers and other phenomena, thereby converting the wilderness abode of these natural wonders into a privately owned area—a quite natural, sudden mental descent from the sublime to the selfish, 1t was a critical period in Western history. Judge Cornellus Hedges, a ploneer Montana lawyer, stood up in the glow of that memorable camp fire and said he did not ove of any of thé ideas expressed—that there ought not to be any private ownership in that region; but that the whole of it ought to be set apart as a great na- tional natural park for the benefit and enjoyment of all the people, and that each one ought to make an effort to have this accomplished, Langford, historian of the e ition, whose diary is more romantic than fic- tion, records that this suggestion met with an instantaneous and favorable response. Thus at this camp fire was created the national park idea, as we now know it; that camp fire mesting holds an important historic place in the beginnings of our modern concept of the conservation of all natural re- sources, *xox Just as the “Minute Men” at Con- cord and Lexington little dreamed of BY FREDERIC Down at the office of Willlam M. Steuart, director of the hi peedometer, which every 23 sec. onds punctuates that official's :lorktn" hours with a distinctly audible “clunk. [ meter registering the el e States just as an At le's 8| o eter ticks off the miles traversed by the motor car. Each 23-second “clunl means another unit, another person, presumably another soul Aand pro- spective taxpayer added to the total of Americans. Th.enflocouon now stands At more than 122,421,000, t bably 18 the largest speédom- eter 1 the world. Tt must be'3 yards long and thé numbers, arranged on squares, precisely as they aré on An automobile speedometer, stand at least 6 inches high. Every 23 seconds A hew figure drops into_place at the extreme right and when 230 seconds or 3 min- utes and 50 seconds have passed, two new figures drop down; when another 100 of population has been added, theén figures move into place, and #o It is an event when the thing rolls off anothér million. Of course, the 23-second interval represents an estimate, but it is as close a8 the very expert statisticians of the Bureau of the Census can caloulaté. lv;;u llih. mthod o&l%llc\fl:nflonbh cally wn. w the Spes ter there is a billboard sl map of the United States and on it a series of electric light bulbg, The lights are of different colors. Ty 13 sec- onds one of these bulbs lights up. That t & baby has been born. on. or gl that de ican. Another light burns every 1% mllnum .n: ua:fi zed;n‘ that ‘h new imigrant has lan on our shores, possibly a Russian Red. Every 5l minutes there is a glow from another llrr:x meaning that some American has tired of prohibition or for some other rnnflt:\khu become an emigrant and left us The Growth of & Nation. With additions and subtractions all mental | even their year period marks some fufidamental Census, is & |lation. J. HASKIN. of living of this ever-increasin, u- o 58 o 5 munities sp dwindle, eveh "fl This decade of 1920-1930, the of which the fifteenth census will te has Beén one of special activity, fiot éxpected that there will be an very ided shift in the center lation from the about two west of Whitehall, Ind, where it was fixed secording to the fourteenth census in 1920. Tt is possible it may shift very slightly to the south and a little back east.” The southern shift would be due to the industrialisation of Southern communities which has taken place with Imlnnt Tapidity in the last deeade. The city of Chat- tanooga, Tenn., for example, has prac- tieally doubléed its population since 1920. New towns have sprung up which did not exist before. The_location is wholly conjectural now, however. Not_enous in hand to form a basis calculation, made according fully studied formula, which fixés the précise geographical center, It will announced as soon as possible, Viecissitudes of Towns. ‘The one very definite thing which the early returns show is that the trend lation continues un- he cities the eh it 18 adjacent 1t is likely to grow. [ r-r\ of the larger city, the people living in the town and being counted there, having their gainful occupations in the nearby city. munities in the suburbs of large eities show steady #Ains. Somé of thée Western towns which started with high hopes and e; - tions of contini boom have a:mn sadly. In some cases stich an expeti- ence has been dué to the working out of some miné or the diss, & forest which gave the a In an entire lation changed by a single mmv"i’d‘: ual. Theoretically, haps actually, i et R s :nn""fflhngfm nd before mide markal view of the tér humbers mvolvad'h the lw':y“a & In 1920 its populse course, change in the whereabouts and manner |and leave town Simon Report Gets British Approval BY A. G. GARDINER, Bngland's Greatést Liberal Bditor. LONDON, June 14—India has been the ovi subjéct in the Nation, the réception of volume of the Simon o commission re- port has been most cordial in the Wiedom of presenting Boe eharaces wisdom of e of the blem before stating thé nature proposéd is gene of the solution The fact that the report is unani- :\m has created great mmjm and as a for Sir John Simen, ‘commissic the world-wide significance of their day's work on April 19, 1775, so did the band of Montana pioneers around the Yellowstone camp fire on Septem- ber 19, 1870, little dream that they, too, had “fired & t heard around the world.” “In the United States of tomorrow, emphasized Howard Hayes, who pre: pared the statement inserted by Repre- sentative Cramton in the Record, “n: tional parks and State parks will s across the length and breadth of our country, like bright stars in the firma- ment, natural sanctuaries for our phys- fcal and mental recreation, memorial halls for quickening our patriotism, and cathedrals for our spiritual betterment.” ———— Travel Abroad Drops By 13,000 Passengers Prom the Dayton Dally News. Transatlantic steamship companies, agents estimate, have lost approxi- mately $4,000,000 since the first of the year, caused by a decrease in first-class bookings of almost 13,000 passengers under the number which were accom- modated during the same period last year. Winter crulses declined consid- erably in popularity. In previous years the Summer tourist rush has filled every vessel to the guard rails, but this year only one liner, the Ile de France, gives indication of doing a good busi- ness in first-class bookings. Minimum first cabin rates range from $265 to $300. The so-called tourist third-class accommodation may be had, on the other hand, at a minimum of slightly more than $100. Not a few large liners, the Leviathan and the Homerie, for instance, have recently converted their sécond-class quarters into these cheaper and co: uently more popular accommodations. ubt- less this policy s partly responsible for the fall of first-class revenues. But even these classes, the agents declare, will not be fully occupled except on certain rush dates. They conclude that there is too much tonnage afloat, and suggest curtailment of passenger liner sailings next year, There may be other reasons beyond the control of the steamship companies, however, for this condition. The frantic bids for tourist patronage amomg Euro- pean nations, which once had more than they could handle, may lend a clue. After the war the tourist goose lald many golden eggs for countries across the Atlantic, France particularly. Now éven France has need of its newly created ministry of tourism. Canada, Cuba and Mexico are in competition for American business this side of the pond, and thousands, With Assistant Commerce Secretary Kiein's suggestion, are using “American tourist dollars to aid American busi- Dess.” All this helps make it tough for the transatlantic lines. in accordance to provide jobs for men already executives of the eonstituent corporations or heavy stockholders. They may not fit into the personnel of the consolidated con- cerns, and many a merger has wrecked on this rock. Then ain, when two companies me it does not follow that the total sales of the consolidation will equal the combined sales of the constituent com- panies. The question of personal con- tacts is tmportant. This was shown in one of the laundry mergers, where it been | erned the reception of Indi uch the As lon included the most authori. tative of all parties. LR an ‘This assutes o e R B n’fl" gives LA ! in 10 of a favorable m&vm round table conference meet utumn for considération of thé A agreed policy, of that s - "ind Commmasion The mlalpumlm as [ t within the A O the wa; éarly and full af it of goal are W in vastness lnd] complexity. the report analyses. 4 The commission was évidently shocked h( the persistént and even increasing rivalry of the Hindus and Moslems, which has been vated by political reforms and sti; by reforms Efmm & d e l,,c The analysis of the working of these reforms is not wholly favorable, especially in regard to the provineial governments, 'hé commis- sion's review those governments amounts to a_compléte condemnation of the dyarchical system, which in certain g_mvmcu has entirely broken down. ‘He :gvrt in this respect is taken to foreshadow the removal of the dual e}ament and the practical con« version of the provincial legislatures into entirely responsible Indian institu- tions, subject not to the veto of the governors of the province, but only to the veto of the central executive. * X % % ‘The commission’s survey of the dif- ficulties disposes of the expectation of nnyt.hln; in the nature & directly elected Parliament and points rather to itution based on the federatio) This solution seems implici disgaity o ‘langusge.” regious, , el 3 podtk:-l uongl‘:hm Por'::; he Indian states mamndmm governed under British suzerainty con- stitute one-third of the territory of the country points to the necessity of the adoption of the federal idea as the only method of achieving a com- prehensive all-India _ settlement, in which the claims of the Indian states and of the British Indian provinces can be duly co-ordinated. That dominion status in the case of 50 heterogeneous & continent as India can be achieved in one stride is of course, impracticable, but the tenor of the report leaves no doubt as to the commission’s conviction that risk must be taken in the interests of a decisive adyance toward the ideal. The success of the movement in- augurated by the commission depends on force difficult to estimate. 8o far as England is concerned, opinion is ripe for the most liberal action. The die-hard element is still rampant in “"}‘r:n qunrml:-a,c 3 the lun&-h worthy press, bu uence of P&uy hemln s qum‘ o ble and practical agreement o - sible statesmen is assured. e L A The real issue rests with India. Ra- cial and party influences have gov- but, except in e: zremmm Ly 3 X organs, the value of r!u 's .;ro- By the Fifty Years fi; In The Star The Ohieago iblica: ’M yeArs ago rl%n:clfnam nominae Republican feld tof ‘&"JA.‘M on Fivei) e thirty-sixth bale Nomination, [ fpctveatn bal- em;c'cholenml.‘r’:‘ e?'- cumstanees to lessen factional frictl t Juné 9, 1880, says: 4 in Chicago, which or which “A national convention eonstituted of mmel instructed delegates is prac- lly limited to the few men—and they not always the best and strongest —whose may have beeén able to control & few district or State conven= tlons, instead of being at liberty to se- lect the best and strongest candidate within their party lines after a full in- terchange of opinion and a careful ean- vass of the whole situation. “Manifestly the true way is for each district or State convents to select discreet, honest and sagacious men for delegates and leave the rest to their judgment and patriotism, in the full confidence that the whole body in con- ven Assembled will make the best and strongest nomination and adopt the wisest and soundest platform of prine ciples possible, all things considered. “A national convention stands in pre- cisely the same relation to its party that Congress does to the whole coun- try. It would theréfore be no more foolish o}' hurtful for the several cons gressional districts to direct their rep- Tesentatives which laws to pass and which not to pass when assembled tos gether than for a district or Staté cone vention to limit the action of its dele- ,nu by ironbound instructions to vote | for this or that man ‘first, last and all inu time. . L “Protracted and tedious as that ses« slon seemed,” - .'R’lo !t.‘-’: of é:;xe 9, , “the cal Charleston convention did not -fi jon, 88 long as the Demos Convention. eryiii'® c2d feion " of 1860, held at Charleston, The lattet body sat 10 days, most of the time bes ntwnmmtd in skirmishing and shi E ts between the Douglas and antis e Charieston 1 fig! Douglas Demoerats. convention decided to enforce the tway thirds rule, and after taking 57 ballow lem community, on express approval in em Wwas discovered that some drivers of the merger companies had contacts which énabled them to take customers along with them to other companies, (Copyriht, 1930.) and _their views are sha Ali Brothers, once the most supporters of ‘The ver its was agreed thas the eonvention ad« journ to meet in Baltimore on Jung 18 following. It reassembled in timore accordingly, and there the sp in the party was finally made. The rege ular convention was in session six da; but took only three ballots, After second ballot Douglas was declared m nominee by acclamation, The convention was after withdrawing from body, lng’ 1t mhmn:'nmm_fi! 5} enr! acclamation. rest out readers know and will remember.” Draw Up Golf Treaty. From the Charleston News and Courier. What is Great Britain going to de about parity with Bobby Jones? e ——————————— section of Indian states is also entirely favorable. The doubtful section of In. dian opinion is that of the Liberals and Moderates, who have wisely left them- ted to no opinion untfl publication of the commission’s On the whole the outlook here -for the round table conference ls not »- garded unfavorably. X (Copyright, 1930.)