Evening Star Newspaper, February 2, 1930, Page 39

(Continued From First Page.) gotten the oath he had sworn on the night afte: Cheroke Almost to day, three centuries had el-rsed between the white men to the country kees and the latter's farewell to it. Hernanda De Soto wandered into_ the Valley of the Noonday Sun—Nantahala in the Cherokee tongue—in t of gold, coming up from the of Georgia to find a curiously urbane peo- Rl: living lihere. Legend recounts that was sta.ving and hard pressed and that he reste! for six weeks among the Cherokees betire resuming his march toward the Mississippl. He was hos- pitably entertained and left among them some curicus vestiges of the Spanish languages. Sorrow Comes to Nation, These three centuries ripened the ac- quaintance of the Cherokees with white people and brought them to sorrow. In that century their dominions extended from the Great Smoky Mountains east- ward to the Atlantic Ocean and south- ward into Georgia. There are of record 27 treaties negotiated between the whites and the Indians—none of which was kept by the whites, none of which was broken by the Indians. Their wars Wwith the encroaching newcomers were invariably defensive wars. Warriors of :Ixuu:l!lon took Rp‘lrtl in mnay battles American Revolution, on the side of the Colonies. At the end of the Revolution the Cherokees had receded into the moun- tains, and in one of the earliest treaties | negotiated by the Washington Govern- | ment the Cherokees were recognized as an independent people, with territorial rights embracing approximately the | lands of the burgeoning park and their present territory of 35000 acres, to- gether with some developed lands in Swain, Jackson, Graham and Cherokee Counties. Under the terms of the treaty the Cherokee Nation obligated to fu nish armed troops in neighboring emer- gencies. Government among them was in the formative stages when the Cherokees first made the acquaintance of Andrew Jackson. The encounter was not friendly. It was at the time of the great migration from North Carolina into Tennessee, and hundreds of pi- oneers were passing through Cherokee territory. The whites were not mindful of property rights, and it chanced that the Cherokees, desirous of repossessing stolen horses, attacked an encampment. Jackson happened to be attached to the party and led the resistance, which was effective. The whites retained their stolen horses. Junaluska Keeps Pact. Twenty years later this acquaintance | was resumed when Jackson set out against the Indians in the South. In conformity with his agreement with the Washington Government, Junaluska went to the aid of Jackson with 800 well armed and well trained warriors. With severe losses among his own men, Junaluska crossed the river behind the Creeks and routed them, but that was not the end of his service. In the thick of the fighting Old Hickory was about | to be run through by a Creek bayonet. With his own hands Junaluska struck down the Creek, saving Jackson's life. That night, in the presence of both armies, Jackson swore an everlasting friendship to Junaluska and between the whites and the Cherokees. It must have been a very solemn occasion. Junaluska returned to his mountain capital serene in the consciousness of a duty well done and addressed himself to perfecting the government of his pecple. With modifications that made it adaptable to the needs of his people, the Constitution of the United States was adopted and put into operation. Life moved ingly among them. Constitution Is Adopted. And then happened a thing that must be rated among the most colossal in- tellectual feats in the history of Amer- ica. After 12 years of solitary medita- tion in his hut, Sequoyah promulgated his Syllabus and overnight the Chero- kees became a literate nation, with a written language. The thing is incred- ibly -simple. This Cherokee, unable to write or speak any language except his own, reduced the Cherokee: tongue to 83 goflnury sounds and contrived a symbol for each of them. Simply by learning this Cherokee alphabet the na- tive was able to read and writé his own language. Quick to comprehend the value of the Syllabus, Chief Junaluska immedi- ately adopted it. A printing press was brought into the mountains and several books of the New Testament translated into Cherokee and printed. Such schools as existed among them were manned by the Quakers, but their labors were pain- fully hampered by the absence of a common language. Plans were made to translate other books into the Cherokee language, and Sequoyah set about founding & Cherokee literature by re- ducing tribal legend and history into the written text. £ It is doubtful that such an intellectual Tenaissance has ever transpired any- where. It was the golden age of the Cherokees. Sequoyah and Junaluska were heroic figures among them. The one had brought them intellectual light and the other had established among them a stable and intelligent civic struc- ture. The possibilities of such a civili- zation, had it been allowed to con- | tinue, are imponderable. “Gold” Is Discovered. And then one morning an Indian boy, Ehymg in the Nantahala River, found & right pebble and took it home. | Gold! This discovery was observed with in- terested equanimity by the Cherokees, but word of it was widely diffused. Ex- | ploring parties came up the valley from Georgia and discovered in the ranges zy, slovenly looking " = g newspaper | family when | him if h children. Standing on top of the peak that bears his name, Junaluska looked backward across the Valley of the Noon- day Sun. His heart was broke. He cursed Jackson and died and was buried there. About 300 people of the scattered nation were never ferreted out. They hid like wild animals in the forests. The pitiful caravan took its way westward, through Nashville and the house of their friend, who did not bother about them. Three out of every five who started the march died of star- vation or exposure on the way. The residue became the Cherokee tribe in Oklahoma, but the glory of the nation died on top of the peak where Juna- luska lies entombed and in the ashes of Sequoyah's little printing press. Nothing of its work remains except one thin volume. The Georgian's gold is Mr. Mellon’s copper. Remnant Hangs On. For 40 years the remnant that clung to the Great Smokies lived with no more legal claim to their lands than the bears that prowled the valleys. Concerned with wars and civil strife, the United States had not time to bother with them. Let alone, they established them- selves in quiet coves, put together little houses, trapped and hunted and raised small flelds of corn, traded with their white neighbors, who were now coming into their deserted valleys in increasing numbers. Fifty years ago their presence and their natural rights to the lands were grudgingly recognized by the Fed- eral Government and the usual routine of paternal supervision instituted. Their lands were laid out, covering about 35, 000 acres. The rest of their territory passed into private hands and is now being bought to form the park. Gone is the last vestige of their brief civilization, with its modernized repub- n government, its written language. Remaining only is the primitive, phle; matic and unresponsive to the civil Zzation the whites have brought them at the reservation school. It is a broken, bitter race, this descendant of the rem- nant that would not give up its mopn- tains. It takes, with silent resentment, the Government school, the Government dole. It is a shabby recompense for what was taken from them. Put in Six Townships. Something of tribal homogenity is maintained in the Indian mmctll':lnit:;'. It is divided into six sownships, with a sort of commissioner from each township. A chief is elected each year. Once in re- cent years it was a graduate of Harvard University, returned to his people and his ancestral ox, who was made chief; at another time it was a member of a great Carlisle Indian foot ball team. The business of government is nominal. For Judicial purposes they are residents of | the counties in which their lands lie. They are not allowed to vote. Individual and family life among hem is lived as far removed from the mistrusted eyes of white men as it can here are no “settiements.” Each house is set apart, aloof, alone, and there they live, not touched and not much troubled by the ebbing and the flowing of the tides of civilization. They hunt, they trap, they farm a little, gather tanbark to sell to the great tan- neries in the western end of the State—. calm, silent, nuglck:\u of whites who have ever despoiled them and nursing the flame of undimmed hate against man who, as the 5 o ey think, betrayed Modernizing the Last. Their school is quite modern. children are herded in from the reser- vation and taught as most American children are taught. They are en- They are taught to weave baskets and to do strange things with beads on the | pattern of show-piece Indians who wait beside the tracks of the trancontinental railroads. You have to go far back into the hills to get anything intrinsically Chl;nl)kee. nless, perchance, you happen to be ‘Will Rogers, for this cowboy?g:medhn- Philosopher is a descendant of a family that survived the Jjourney to Oklahoma. %'-la'l:lg Ch:mYl;Tk‘xmhgan to visit his in, an ambiti has nourished all his life chanen e. that the day of his ingress into the Cherokee country was the day in which vast headlines in all the regional papers announced that Mr. Rockefeller had fssured the establ'shment of the park ga tle. dgndatg:n of $5,000,000. The two A 'en strugglin to_raise half that l‘r:cugt.‘or ot ‘hThIA incident has nothing to do with mote country, but it is worth recount- ing. Not unnaturally, the entire regioz Was agog over the announcement ofchl',. Rockefeller's unparalleled generos ty and’ persons along the way were in a receptive state of mind toward any fur- :R:rp:‘m? tdhlt might happen, even advent Mistaken in Identity. Mr. Rogers was making th the automobile of a . :on’;:lzh:nt man whom known for several years. car happened to be of a foreign and considerably spruced up for the oc- casion. It looked like it m ght contain several members of the ol magnate’s it drew up before the one | drug store iIn a remote mountain vil- lage, where the comedian wanied to buy aspirin. The car and its contents ex- cited wide and profound interest and invited speculation and deduection. In the drug store two mountain citi- zens approached Mr. Rogers and asked € were not John D. Rockefeller, the younger. ‘Before he could restrair make | west of the Valley of the Noonday Sun— his surprise he had admitted vaguely where Andrew W. Mellon’s Aluminum | (At he was Mr. Rockefeller. They wery Co. of America is now tunneling nine | miles through the mountain to divert & | river—a bright metal that looked like | gold. Their discovery finds its modern | development in the Ducktown copper | mines, on the western slope of the Great | Smokies and just outside the proposed | park territory. { After that there was no peace in the | Cherokee Nation. Objection was made, | of course, to the invasion of the pros- | pectors and the Georgians countered | with 2 demand to Wash. ntgnn that the | Cherokees be included in the | ‘Teriitory. Junaluska leoked with confi- | dence upon the controversy. | Jackson was in the White House, and Andrew Jackson was a friend of Cherokees. | with them. Jackson temporized, while the politicians of Georgia importuned and threatened. Nobody has ever been quite sane about a gold rush. Successor Acts Quickly. Until his term ended Jackson tempo- rized and then went home. His suc- cessor had not been in the White House | A month before the removal order was issued and Col. Winfield Scott was dis- | patched to round up the nation and | crive it to Oklahoma. With hm came | & regiment of Regulars. In vain did | Junaluska appeal to Jackson, at Nash- | Ville, to stay the disaster. The bloody round-up began, and nowhere in the annals of the Republic's shame is there | 2 biacker e than in this record of | senseless cruelty. | into the fastnesses of these inaccessi- ble lands that néw are to become & park c’mt the Cherokees, leaving behind hem their villages, ther homes, their little printing press, to be destroyed ut- | terly. Por two years the Regulars hunt- ed them out like foxes, collecting them into corrals to await the time of re- inoval when of them had caught. There are living among Temnant that survived one or two an- cient men who can remember back be- yond 90 years. They have handed down their memories and their hate. Dies Uttering Curse. At the t'me of the removal there were 14,542 native Cherokees and 1,250 col- ored slaves. They had lifted themselves to such a measure of prosperity that ‘slavebolding was common among them. whout him, giad to see him and tha behalf of the mountain nked him on section for the And is your pa with you, Mr. - feller?” they wanted to knm\M gl Further taken aback, the comed an pointing to the lazily stooped figure of his companion, dressad in knickers and a 8olf cap. wearing the customary sun ol glasses d e 1 4 the car, saja; 8 Indolently against Says It's His Father, “Yes, that's pa over there by Go over and speak to him. "H:h:-:;fi’ Stricken dumb with astoni, When he was addressed as AL:PB;‘O':E:E feller and even dumber when he diacee. that he w father of a g i g himself, " the newspaper blankly. It o e gnt chanced that e’y ing with w ged in & habit of h.fl&:fi hatever siiver money He gave each of Wishers a dime and the party Way egain amid the riotous undeeconlike gice of the com: Amazing contrast to thi Yeloped two hou.s later an because of it, got a view that few persons have evi leged to see. He put on for them, throwing the roj he had | his well 8ot under | and qute | edian, ! s hilarity de- | d Will Rogers, of his kinfolk er been privi- a Litle show ;lnduru( listened stolidly, hing seemed to come over him. He tossed away the rope and walke, deringly down to the edge of (1 little stage. He was silent a then e began ‘halt ngly: "' °F * and : :enolnm 0ld Hickory. “I might have been a North Ca; lin- ¢an." he said, and paused while mr!n‘:w auded wildly. “I am o might have been born here had not been for An- The name lashed il 8 whip, and then, with more PIEFI:I’.\ than anybody who has ever seen him elsewhere could imagine coming from him, he lashed into Old Hickory. It was a frightful denunciation. The stolid audience rose up in the blood. curdling battle-call of the race. “E-e-e-e-yoah.” They took him themselves. That night he said that he couldn’t understand why thlud. done gcouraged to forget their own tongue, | " | went stale and became sick of civiliza- ta' were like THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTO «(Continued From Pirst Page) ___ sented by the few miles of salt water between Dover and Calaic, can be quite as effective as thousands of miles of ocean. open L But, in order to make this narrow belt of protective water between her- self and the continent effective for ma ntaining insularity and the power which comes from detachment. it is necessary that Britain exercise undis- puted maritime control therein. Hol- land, Denmark, France and Germany have each, in turn, been forcibly taught that Britain intends to exerc'se just that kind of control. Sea Control Gives Security. The North Sea and the English { Channel are the salt water ramparts of Britain and ones which, for her secur- ity, she must and is determined to keep for herself at all costs. From the noint lering on these waters, this is un- fortunate and perhaps unjust, but na- ture has so decreed and the British navy has been able to sustain that decree. When we consider the empire we ob- serve that there is a sea axis along Which and at the extremities of which the greater portion of its interests lie. axis, beginning with the British Isles, runs through the Med'terranean to Suez, thence to India and Singa- pore, ending in the antipodes. (Precisely speaking, the Occidental terminus of the axis les in Canada. For practical purposes, however. the transatlantic segment may be disre- garded, since it has no effective mean- ing. because of the position of the United States vis-a-vis Canada). The axis is flanked by many foreign countries and it narrows to a bottle- neck at the Channel, Gibraltar, Malta, Suez, Aden and Singapore. Control of Axis Vital. ‘The control of this axis is as im- portant to the security of the empire as the control of the North Sea and Channel is to the security of the British Isles. If Britain is capable of con- trolling this axis she can bind together the major portion and the most exposed elements of her empire; the Mediter- ranean becomes to her mare nostrum; she can isolate the continent of Europe and the essentially military powers thereof; she nullifies the extensive African manpower of France and Italy; she can prevent or render futile Rus- sian egress from the Dardanelles; she can protect Egypt and the prized oil fields of Iraq and Persia; she encircles India with a protective ring; she enters into the Pacific, not by an open sea, but through a narrow strait, which she dominates, and from Singapore she interposes herself between Japan and the South Pacific dominions. ‘To insure the integrity of this geo- graphical world girdle, Britain has es- tablished along it a chain of naval bases and cable and other communication systems which are the admiration of the maritime world. The links of this chain include Gibraitar, Malta, Suez, Aden, Colombo, Rangoon, Singapore and thence north to Hongkong or south to Sydney and Auckland. Longest Gap Protected. The greatest length of any link, lying between the Atlantic to the Pacific, is 2,400 miles, between Aden and Colombo. | And this is the least exposed portion of the chain, for between Suez and Sin- gapore it is well under the control of Britain, as it is flanked by territory either British or susceptible to British influence. The weak section of the chain lies between Gibraltar and Suez, in the nar- row Mediterranean, where it is flanked by eight foreign countries. This geo- hical axis of the empire is the gre: fact of British imperial naval strategy. it, that it must have been some sort of inherited, forgotten hate. And then they showed him them-| selves. They got out the ancient blow-| guns that have been in the nation for nobody knows how long, handed down from century to century. They are not unlike the blowguns of savage peoples in the East Indies, and in so far as is known they are the only blowguns ever used in North America. There now are only four of them remaining in the res- ervation. They are very effective against small game. From among the youth at hand the Cherokees contrived two “Indian ball” | teams and showed Mr. Rogers the na-| tional sport of the Cherokee, preserved in its aboriginal simplicity. This is| played by a dozen perspns to the side, all of them magnificent physical speci- mens, naked except for loin cloths, Goal-Line Gain. ‘The idea of the game is to carry a little ball the size of a golf ball across | the enemy goal line. The referee is armed with a 12-foot withe. His office is to see that the game is played to the limit of a player's endurance. One lag- ging is struck smartly across the naked back. There is no time out for rest or injury. The annual national cham- pionship, with each of the six town- ships represented by a team, is quite ‘without paraliel as a primitive specta- cle in America. ‘The coming in this area of the great- est national park in Eastern America, making a hitherto inaccessible and in- credibly wild region accessible to the prowling tourist, will not mean a dis- fel‘lll or a removal of the slowly mul- iplied remnant of the most interesting family of Indlans in America, but the enfolding boundaries of the park may do something just as deadly to them. It may convert them into showcase In-| dians, paraded for the amusement of the visitor. Could Restore Tribe. It would be possible, of course, to bring about a sort of restoration, but that is_at variance 'with the theories of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. It has| been the dream, however, of the ablest white friend the Cherokees have had in the modern generation and, curiously perhaps, in whose brain the idea of the park was conceived and who, more than | any other. has contributed ‘to its frui- | tion. This man is Horace Kephart, by no means unknown to readers of oute | door magazinés and works on camp- | craft. Horace Kephart knows the Cherokees better than any man living, | and perhaps too well to write lbouw them. | Kephart was a trained librarian. He once was an assistant librarlan at Cor- nell University. Later he catalogued a huge library bought in Europe by an! American millionaire, and then became head of the Mercantile Library in St.| Louls. He had never in his life been out of sight of a town or a raflroad. Nearly a quarter of a century ago he| | | | tion. He wanted to get out. He had to get out. By a map, he picked the top of the Great Smoky Mountains as the wildest spot in Norih America. He had never been in 8 mountain, but with a one-volume edition of Shakespeare, a Bible and simple camping equipment he dropped out of the world. Lives Life of Indians. Up there he found scattered families of Cherokees and became one with them. He became well again and stayed with them. He roamed the woods. At times he was dentist, midwife and nurse to stricken Indians. He lived there 10 years without seeing a dozen white men a year. The war broke out and he went, with his four sons and two daughters, at the age of 60, passing | for & man of 4). After that he moved down inte Bryson City, with his nntlon‘ of & park in his head. He started writ- | ing extensively, became mayor of the | town and launched the idea of a great national park. Then he induced the two States to provide machinery for acquiring the lands to be presented to the Government. And with the help of Mr. Rockefeller | and the United States Supreme Court | the idea becomes tangible reality, an enduring vast samplé of what the| mountains and forests of America once e and within sight of the place of view of those continental nations [N | all countries of the world, thus binding | stay in. Sea Power Main Defense of Both Japan | And Great Britain in Peace and War| It has been mentioned how Japan &nd the United States are each fortu- Date in being able to confine their naval &r;blgm to consideration of only two of powers, But because of the Mediterranean segment of her axis of empire Britain cannot so limit her con- slderations, for she must, in addition, take into account the naval powers of the Mediterranean Sea. France and Italy Factors. This has a vital bearing upon her naval policles and upon the problems Which she faces in the limitation naval armament, as will be more ap- parent within a short while at London. And lt. is because of this segment of Britain's axis, this particular link of her chain, that the United States and Japan will find at London that they are In the paradoxical size of their fleets largely determined by the fleets of France anq Italy, although they have direct interest whatever in the sea forces of the Mediterranean powers. Essential as is this axis and admirable @s are the steps which Britain has taken to insure its integrity, it is still possible that the chain might snap at some one point, and thus destroy the effectiveness of ‘the whole. To provide against such g contingency, Britain has created a Secondary chain of naval bases of considerably greater length, but one, on the other hand, which is not exposed to the perils of the Medi- Rl eha 'S chain runs from England to Gibraltar, Sierra Leone, St. Helena, Southwest Africa, the Cape, Durban and thence to Mauritius, Colombo and Singapore. Furthermore, Britain's base at Hongkong enables her to reach north in Asia; those at Halifax, Bermuda and | Jamaica to reach the Western Atlantic and the Caribbean and that at the Felklands to reach the South Atlantic and the Pacific by way of Cape Horn. Protected From Europe. Geographically, then, we find that the British Isies have been given an in- sularity which means a close contact with but protection from Europe, pro- vided that Britain controls the Channel and the North Sea. We find that the nature of the axis of the British Empire makes the Mediterranean the geo- graphical and strategical center of gravity of that empire. We find that this axis would be most susceptible to pressure from the nations of the Mediterranean and least suscep- tible (and this is one of the streng of the empire) to pressure from the United States and Japan—the second and third strongest naval powers bf the world. And, finally, we observe that the geographical remoteness of the integral parts of the empire has been overcome by an admirable system of naval bases located upon the strategic corners and the important ser. lanes of the world. But the tendons of Great Britain, whether to the continent or the empire of the world, are salt-water tendons— Which ordains that, aside from the alr, H Britain be a sea power as long as the empire or even the British Isles exist. Empire Depends on Trade. ‘When Napoleon said that the English were a nation of shopkeepers he ex- pressed the continuous economic basis of the British Empire, for trade is the life blood of that body. This basis of the empire is reflected in the two im- | perial conference slogans, “Ships, col- onies and commerce” and “Men, money and markets.” The seafaring instinct of her people stood Britain in good stead when the industrial revolution converted her into | the workshop of the world. But this revolution accentuated the deperdence of Great Britain upon the sea, for it further weakened her scanty agricul- tural basis and forced her to look to the sea for her imports of practically all foodstuffs, as well as for the new materials required by her industries. She became the ocean carrier for the world and independent of any foreign country in the bringing of her food and raw materials and the carrying away of her manufactured products as long as: her navy supported her mercantile marine. Invested in All Countries. ‘With cheap coal, an abundance ot labor, superior industrial development, extensive foreign markets and vast quantities of shipping, Britain became wealthy and she invested her surplus in | herself still more closely to her only! medium of communication with the world, the sea. More recently another factor has in- troduced itself into the complex eco- nomic life of the British Ernplre——. namely, the struggle for the control and explottation of the “backward” regions | of the world in the interest of insuring | continuous supplies of certain raw ma- terials of increasing importance. In this struggle, which contains the germs of serious conflict, Britain S0 far been pre-eminently successfully. But this, like her shipping and her trade, is to Great Britain an overseas venture requiring not only mercantile sea power for its prosecution, but naval sea power for its protection. Such facts as these form the basis of British eco- nomic interest in the sea. Policies Reflect Trade Needs. As in the case of Japan the political policies of the British Empire are, to a great extent, merely reflections of com- mercial and economic exigencies, which in turn have been largely dictated by nature’s allocations. The support and security of British trade is the motivating power in British foreign polic; The pport _and { Hair that sparkles ! . B No one can deny the lmpor-‘ tance of having the hair arranged in the style best suited to the individual type. Much of the effect is lost, however, unless the | hair is kept soft, abundant. lustrous, i A millicn busy women and girls | know the ecsiest way to keep the | hair in perfect condition is \vith! Danderine. The first application will show you how marvelously it removes excess oil from the hair; cleanses it; makes it sparkle with new life and lustre. It’s so simple to use Danderine. All you do is put a little on your brush each ime you arrange your hair! The consistent use of Danderine will dissolve the worst crust of den- druff; soothe, heal the scalp; stimulate the growth of long, silky, abundant hair, Danderine isn't sticky or oily; doesn’t show. It makes the hair easy to manage; holds it in place Jor hcurs. “Set” your waves with it and see how much longer they Danderine The One Minute Hair Beoutifier of desolate tragedy and death of a civil- ization that ht have been. At All Drug Stores « Thirty Five Conte A D. t!tral or Eastern European boundaries FEBRUARY curity ot{n this trade, 'l;lch n“lr?tl,rfl ::; cludes support and sec empire, demand first of all that the British Isles be secure. To_the British mind, this requires that Britain must take an active inter- est in the affairs of the European con- tinent so as to prevent one power of group of powers from gaining supremacy thereon, but that she must not, if pos- sible, make extensive European commit- ments, nor bind herself too closely or permanently to any one nation. Treaty With Belgium Cited. Furthermore, she must not permit any strong maritime state to extend its power to or in the North Sea or the Channel. Britain's refusal to adopt the Geneva protocol and to guarantee Cen- of for under the Locarno pact are recent ex- amples of the first policy. While phases | of her wars with Denmark, Holland and France and her pre-war treaty with Belgium (which brought her into the World War) are examples of the sec- ond. Then Britain believes that empire security requires that British strength in the Mediterranean should be such that no power or likely grouping of powers would be able to dispute with her the maritime control of that sea. For the Mediterranean, which leads to the East, is the political m a.sauinpf.lonfl:hlt te nomic security are interdependent and that both are intimately Drelnlend :2(’ predicated upon not security, but actual maritj geographical center of interest of the Britain has vast inter- ez and the security of India and of her Pacific dominions ‘and possessions, as well as her Asiatic mar- kets and her trade routes in the East- ern seas, suggests to her vent, as far as possible, a; gaining unquestioned Asia or in the Western Pacific. empire. ests east of Su ‘This, _incidentally, detre of Singapore. Britain's overlooking the Pacific. Mg mercial and economic mand, in re, be said to be f acy. Policy Summarized, | British eyes, political t Such sea-reacher areas as e ‘Logon Arabia, Iraq and the mandated terri- | ounded upon the | Tritorial l!‘lxd, eco- 1930—PART Two British trade and British trade routes throughout the wold, largely by sus- taining & historic maritime supremacy. | And from this national policy and the factors underlying it we derive British naval policy, which might be | stated as follows: To maintain a bat- tle fleet whose minimum strength shall be at least equal in every respect to that of any country and at least equal | to that of France and Italy combined; | and, in addition, to provide for such | strength in auxiliary naval craft as is| required for the effective protection of essential trade routes. that she pre- Ny power from supremacy in and Southern is the raison Finally, com- exigencies de- - -— ‘The Irish Free State government has | offered land on the banks of the River Liffey, Dublin, for a war memorial, a | | tories. | fund, which was subscribed 10 years ago I British political policy might, there- | now amounting to nearly $300,000. } | DANDRUFF only maritime | me supre- | | From this necessarily brief examina- ‘To maintain, security of SAVE 15% 10 Special Prices on Quality Bed Room Suites tion of the geographic, economic and | political factors underl: i tional policy we might lowing ‘as & general statement of that | policy: sure the ying British na- | evolve the fol- | develop and ln-j British territory, IN OUR FEBRUARY SALE You do not need to be a judge of furniture to know that these are outstanding values, for every price has been slashed as never before! 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