Evening Star Newspaper, November 24, 1929, Page 20

THE SUNDAY STA WASHINGTON, D. C, NOVEMBER 24, 1929—PART ONE. W !PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE OF MAGNETIC STUDY : SEOGRIPHICBOOSTS GVEN BYRD 5,000 Mare Awarded Ant- arctic Explorer by Society e in'Washington. %< The National Geographio Society yes- announced an_additional grant $25,000 to Comdr. Richard E. Byrd's tarctic expedition. This amount is in tion to $25,000 previously contribut- by the society toward the scientific rk of the expedition. . Gilbert Grosvenor, president of sociéty, sent the following radio essage to Comdr. Byrd, Little Amer- ., Antarctica: splendid development of r Antarctic project from which you ‘g‘f the gallant men of your command . contributing so much to world 6 owledge of geography. Our trustees i “The National Geographic Soclety has| ' Jpliowed the 4 research committee have voted to ilable when desired. La Gorce joins best wishes for safety and continued /success to you and your men.” - Holds Society's Medal. £ Comdr. Byrd is the holder of the Hub- gold medai, highest award of the Wiety to explorers. It has been award- ‘ed only to seven other men. The medal was bestowed upon Comdr. Byrd in 1926 *for his epochal achievement in first reaching the North Pole by airplane.” “The presentation was made on behall ol the society by Calvin Coolidge, then President of the United States, now a trustee of the society, before a notable gathering in Washington. “ Upon an expedition sponsored by the }, National Geographic Society, in 1925, to Greenland and Ellesmere Island, Comdr, "Byrd commanded an aviation detail and "llltd three U. 8. Navy airplanes in first flights over this area of the Far North. | Physicist of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition IS OUTLINED BY PHYSICIST WITH BYRD PARTY, WHO CITES LACK OF INFORMATION ON PHENOMENA Scientist Tells of Value to World By JOHN A. FLEMING, Complex Problems Are In- volved in Seeking Explanation. Little America Is Called Ideal| Place for Work, Which He Describes. . BY FRANK T. DAVIES, By Radio to The Star and the New York Times. LITTLE AMERICA, Antarctic.—The practical importance of the study of magnetic phenomena may not occur to those who have little direct interest in their effects. About the only time that magnetic disturbances affect the ordi- nary man is when a fearful upset in the | great magned earth ties up telegraph lines or kills all sounds in radio loud speakers, so that the evening's enter- tainment is spolled. Magnetic storms— as they are called—of such severity are rare. ‘The correlated scientific whole which makes up our knowledge of the universe is incompiete so lang as any group of phenomena is not understood. The™~ 13 much to learn about terrestrial m netism, the lines of force which make | this earth of ours one huge magnet and | affect the compasses of every vessel which sails the seas, and therefore mag- netic observations form an important part of the scientific work of expedi- tions into the polar regions. Magnetic observatories in many countries keep continuous records of the variation of Leetures Tell Adventure. He lectured before the National Geo- phic Soclety upon his return to this country from his historic North Pole d transatlantic flights. Upon his North flight Comdr. utilized a sun compass, designed yby Albert H. Bumstead, head of the Na- ’ tional Oeo.lnphlc Soclety’s cartographic rtment. “Without that compass,” the explorer "wrote, “we could not have reached the g Pole; it is even doubtful if we could | have 'hit Spitzbergen on our return baught.” 13 'KING PINS DEFEAT © " BALTIMORE QUINT "Frye High Scorer With 646 as ‘Washington Bowlers Win by Four Pins. In a hotly contested battle at the Lucky Strike last night the King Pin }bowling team vanguished the Tivoll ,quint of Baltimore by & margin of 4 nu in five 2,867 against ‘E‘ i es, the ltimore anchor man, ‘rolled the high'game of 150 in a brily ; liant lflem%fi to put his team in front ‘at_the finish. ¥ Bernie Frye led the Washington team L With a set of 646. A return match will be rolled in Baltimore next Saturday 4 ¥ ¥ ORE. 122 i 1 it Al b Weidman \ ‘Wol'holm: & Sl 'ood } Campbeil " Y President Sen~ds " Flowers to Il Virginia Friend oy Fairfax County G.0. P.| Leader Is Cheered | by Gift. House automobile loaded |5 from Washington to Alexan- | dria yesterday aftérnoon and m‘;ped '-ln_‘%ont of the Alexandria Hospital. e flowers, a token of regard from *President Hoover, were taken to the iroom of Dr. S. M. Brooks, veteran Re- vzubm:ln leader of Fairfax County, who 18 recovering from a serious operation. | With the flowers was a personal note Pof good wishes from the President to sth> 7l-year-old physician. | . Dr. Brooks has been the Republican $leader of Fairfax County for 40 years. | Under his vigorous leadership in the presidential campaign last year the jcounty gave a _majority of its votes for \ Mr. Hoover. ‘was the first time a Re- publican presidential candidate had ,dflrrled the county since reconstruction ays. ‘There was grave doubt early last i Week about the recovery of Dr. Brooks, but last night he was reported to be ‘well on the way to restoration of health. | Hospital authorities sald the flowers fand note from President Hoover went yfar toward improving his condition. Dr. Brooks' host of friends have kept $the hospital authorities busy answer- ing Inquiries about his condition since Phe entered the intitution. Inquiries yhave come from persons in every walk {of life. “Old Waltes Pored man over six feet tall, whose 20 into the world during the 46 years he practiced medicine, has called at the hospital twice daily. "SLAYER GETS LIFE TERM. ealthy Mississippi Planter Con- victed of Shooting Woman. ¥ HERNANDO, Miss., November 23 (P). ‘~Lloyd Morgan, 30, wealthy planter eonvicted of murdering Mrs. Mattie well, a former tenant on one of his ;;rm was sentenced to life in prison re today by Circult Judge Greek ice. Sentence was .pronounced after the Jurist had overruled a motion for a new trial. Defense attorneys announced 1::‘;:; a sul ‘would bem"ken to the ppi Supreme Cpu: . Morgan claimed thf the shooting of Ars. Sowell was accidental. The State's Jmain witness, an 8-year-old daughter the woman, mummm u‘u anter r n debt of $1.53, and she lay on the I —— ocked 'h-r gument_over a n _shot her as und. ) R E G 3« Canada Immigration Figures. i, OTTAWA, Ontario, November 23 (). ~Immigration to Canada during the st six months of the current fscal 1to le‘g,fll:lber 30—totaled ud‘h the magnetic elements. The fact that the great amount of data thus collected has not enabled us to give a complete explanation of magnetic phenomena shows how complex are the problems involved. Since the development: of radio broadcasting, with its problems of re- ception under varying conditions, the exact relationship between magnetic storms and the electrical condition of the atmosphere has become a problem of the greatest importance. Important Radio Questions. Closely allled with these fields of research is the explanation of auroral displays. What causes the regular ap- pearance of certain types of surora and | eir direction of movement? Why do hey occur more frequently at some on the earth than at others? ‘What connection exists between aurora and magnetic disturbances? Questions are asked by radio engineers about dif- ferences of conditions between day and night, one season and another, and the effects of magnetic and electric storms on radio conditions. The best way to answer these ques- tions of the radio e T, the mag- netician and the physicist is to investi gate these interrelated problems to- gether. This is being doné at many stations on the globe. It is being. done by the Carnegie Institution of Wash- ington at stations in West Australia, in the Andes, and elsewhere, and the non-magnetic ship Carnegle is carrying on the work over the seas. But the places where such co-opera- tive research can give most informa- | tion are the polar reglons. Because of the inaccessibility of these regions, observations in the Arctic and still more so0 in the Antarctic are few and are conducted at wide intervals. Mag- netic storms - are, much more intense and frequent in the Antarctic than elsewhere. Hence the underlying causes e lar, or storm, disturbances as distinct from the regular seasonal changes can best be studied.in the Antarctic. Xdeal Location for Study. To understand magnetic problems one imust think of the earth as a great magnet, the poles of which are not at the north and south geographical poles, but at points some distance re- moved from them. The north mag- netic pole is far inland on the edge of the pol an and the south mag- netic pole is Tar inland on a great ice- covered plateau, 1,000 miles north of the phical pole. From and be- tween magnetic poles flow lines of magnetic force, varying somewhat according to. their position, shifting from time to time according to laws not thoroughly understood, and thereby affecting the compasses of ships. Near the magnetic pole variations occur so rapidly that it is often impos- sible for them to be recorded. Little Ameriea is an ideal location for such work, It is 850 miles from the south ?eo;r‘phtcnl le and a little further rom the south magnetic pole, which is in South Victoria Land latitude 72 degrees 25 minutes south. Little Amer- ica is 78 degrees 34 minutes, 6 degrees further south. This makes our com- pass needles point west-northwest in- stead of to the south. Little America is far enough from the south magnetic pole to allow accurate measurement of the magnetic elements to be continu- ously recorded. It is well situated with regard to the belt of greatest auroral frequency in the Southern Hemisphere From previous observations in the Arctic and the Antarctic it has been found that maximum frequency docs not occur at the magnetic poles, but over regions situated several degrees away from them. The year 1929 is a particularly apt time for magnetic-electric observations for the following reasons: It is known that the values of magnetic elemenfs have, besides the seasonal and storm variations, a cycle of changes recurring at periods of approximately 11 years. ‘These are connected with the number of sun spots or electrical storms on the sun which follow the same period of change, 11 years. These electrical storms on the surface of the suh are also believed to be the direct cause of auroral displays. The Time Favorable. Our knowledge of magnetism and electricity in the Antarctic is based upon the observations of the German expedition of 1901-1903, the British ex- peditions of 1901-1904 and 1910-1913 and the Australian expedition of 1911- 1914. . These happened to be periods with & minimum number of sun spots. We are now near & time of maximum sun-spot frequency, and therefore ob- servations at this period will be of en- hanced value in forming & comparison | which the magnetic needle varies from Assistant Director, Department of Reseatch in Terrestrial Magnetism, Carmesle Institution. There exists about the éarth a origin is still unknown. The distributions and variations of this fleld present characteristics which are related not enly to the magnetic and electric phenomyaa of the earth and cosmie phenoména. In the polar regions the transk and storms are extremely emphasized because of the proximity of the earth’s magnetic poles and the changes in the magnetic force of, the earth are great in comparatively small distances. Thus the accumula- tion of additional reliable data in these regions is of quite exceptional im- portance to the definite solution of unsolved problems, of the physics of the earth and of its action as a magnet. At present the charts showing of the magnetic field for the polar regions are based largely upon theory, and the values indicated may be far the Maud Expedition of Amundsen of the compass-necdle to be 2 degrees west of north near the New Siberian Islands, whereas the valie given on the latest chart is 10 degrees east of north. Rapid contemporaneous advances in science have made increasingly important the securing of furtheér data from the polar regions, particularly because of correlations between atmospheric electricity, magnetism, polar lights, radio-reception conditions, natural earth currents, and solar ac- tivity—correlations of intriguing interest scientifically and which must be ultimately, as the laws governing ti econoraic value in the practical col magnetic storms influence greatly the propagation of wireless messages; with time will aid materiaily to improve transportation, commerce and communication by air, the wide possibilities of which have only recently been so strikingly indicated in the cruises of the Graf Zeppelin. While existing data in the polar regions are scant in comparison to those in the torrid temperate zones, much fewer than in the Arctic. The psysical features of the two polar caps differ greatly, there being a preponderance of water in the Arctic and of land in the Antarctic. This analysis of existing data shows that the earth’s megnetism and {ts progres- sive (secular) changes are related apparently to the distribution of land and water. ‘The Byrd Antarctic Expedition is thus making most valuable scientific as well as practical contributions in continuously the variations in the phenomena of the earth's magnetism and in the attendant electric and other observations being made by the It appears certain this phase of the work will yield exceptional and unique results which may be most profitably physicist of the expendition. studied. ences observed between Arctic and Antarctic magnetic phenomena are due to the different distribution of land and water in the two regions. The Arctic is an ocean surrounded by the great 1and masses of the globe; the Antarctic is a continent surrounded by great stretches of ocean in all directions. How far this fact influences magnetic and auroral phenomena is not known. It is one of the problems that cannot be solved until more data are obtained from the Antarctic. The Variometer Hut. Two hundred yards from the radio towers of Little America and 70 yards south of the main tunnel is the non- magnetic hut. Here iron is taboo. Chips Gould, when he built the frame, removed all iron from the timbers and used only brass and copper nails. Iron affects the needles used in magnetic work, so the greatest care has to be taken that no iron is left near the hut. Martin Ronne made a brown canvas tent to fit the frame. A hole was dug deep enough to swallow the hut and snow was packed round. it to & depth of a foot above the roof. The hut has to be dark, as the recording apparatus is photographic. Also it is important to keep the tem- perature as constant as possible and the best way to do this in Little Amer- ica is to dig down into the snow. In view of the experience of othe: expeditions M hlizzards, it was de cided to make a tunnel from the mag- netic_observatory to the main tunnel. The labor battalion under Capt. Mac | (McKinley) turned out and dug this tunnel, although the meén had already shoveled more snow than any of us had dreamed existed. It has proved a godsend to this poor magnetician and has meade it possible to continue the | magnetic work through the Winter, The Instruments Used. ‘The magnetic and electrical instru- ments and laboratory equipment wers provided by tle department of terres- trial magnetism of the Carnegie Insti- tution of Washington. To prevent jar- ring, the instruments were mounted on tables which rest on wooden piers frozen | two feet into the floor. cil stove was used to heat the hut, but it brought more trouble than benefit. Prost forming on the mirrors and lenses has to be removed continually, but this became much worse when the stove was used. Since the first trial of heating the };ut work has been carried on with- out it. . In this hut the three’elements are measured—declination, the horizontal intensity and the vertical intensity. All three vary according to the season of the year and also have dally variations, some of which are: periodic and others of a storm nature. X One instrument records the direction of a magnetic needle allowed to swing freely. It is called a declination vari- ometer. The declination is the degree in true north. To make this jnstrument more sensitive the needle is suspended from a very fine quartz fiber, which looks like a thread in a spider’s web. It is strong enough to surport the needle and also a small mirror that moves with the needle, though it is a difficult matter to adjust the needle and mé;rol’ in the cold without breaking the T. Light from a small electric bulb is refiected in the mirror end falls 6n a photographic sheet. When the ncedle moves the mirror moves also, and the spot of light on the sheet travels a con- siderable distance. Thus an angular motion of the needle is retorded as a straight line motion on the sheet and angles too small to be measured aceu- rately can be measured by means of the exaggerated movement of the re- flected light. The sheet is wound on a drum, which Tevolves once a day and 15 driven by elockwork. Photographing “Wiggles. ‘The horizontal intensity variometer works in a similar way, throwing a spot of light on the photographic sheet. This spot moves as changes occur in the| component of the earth's magnetic field, parallel to the ground. In Little Amer-; ica this is much weaker than the ver-| tical intensity, which is recorded by a » third instrument. The vertical intensity variometer op- erates in a different way. Its needle ia; pivoted to swing vertically. If it were| allowed to swing freely it would point | almost straight down, as the angle of | dip here is 83 1-3 degrees. A weight 15 hung on the needle to bring it to a hori- zontal position. It also carries a mirror | has and reflects a light on to the sam: photographic sheet. An extra mirror used in this case to produce a horizontal | with the earlier data. It is believed that certain differ- motion in place of the vertical, thus! faclas of ' AniaBities Wiuier | At first a small |* fleld of magnetic forces of Which the its atmospherg but 2lso to solar and . lent magnetic and electric variations compass-directions and the strength from the actual ones. For example, during 1918-1925 found the pointing hem become better known, of large nsiderations of everyday life. Thus improved knowledgs of magnetic variation and of its progressive changes the data in the Antaretic are even fact is of added interest because the maintaining an observatory recording making all three instruments record In & horizontal direction. A temperature indicator, which carries a small mirror, produces another trace on the record and finally an electric lamp lights up for one minute every hour and thus marks the time on the record. The lamps—Afiashlight bulbs—are lighted by means of a storage battery, which is kept 15 yards away in the tunnel. This has to be changed twice a week and, owing to the constancy of the tempera- ture in the snow five feet from the sur- face, there has been no trouble with the batteries. McKinley develops all the records, each cf which gives the magnetic ele- ments and also the time and tempera- ture during the day. He calls them “wiggles,” and that pretty well deseribes | the curves that have been obtained. The | changes are much more violent and fre- quent than is the case in lower latitudes. Most Disturbances at Night. 1t is too early as vet to generalize the results obtained. Storm periods are not confined to any one part of the day. ‘The greatest consistent disturbances oc- cur in the night, while the late after- noon is generally the quietest time. The lowest temperature recorded in the hut during the Winter is 35 d below zero Fahrenheit, while outside thc temperature has fallen below minus 70, The inside temperature has never been | as high as zero Fahrenheit. = The total nn&e of temperature has been just over 30_degrees Fahrenheit, compared with a range of 90 degrees Fahrenheit outside. Continual care has been necessary to keep the clcckwork running and instru- ments from frosting up, and that this | has been successful is due largely to Arnold Clark, who, in this as in other parts of the work, has been of great as- sistance. » The Absolute Hut. A second magnetic observatory is used for making measurements of the abso- lute values of the magnetic elements at regular intervals. This work is supple- mentary to the photographic racord, as it enables absolute values of declination of the needle and intensity of magnetic force at cextain times and provides a control by which the photographic rec- ord may be checked. "It has been car- ried on through the Winter, thanks to Larry Gould's assistance. r 1t is a snow house with a canvas roof, and as astronomic measurements form part of the work, the hut has to be above ground. A series of observations | takes four to five hours. Heating brought the same difficulties as in the variometer house, and it was not con- tinued. . Two of the instruments used have; quite a history. The magnetometer was | used by Amundsen and Sverdrup on | the Maud expedition. It had been car- rled on the reindeer sledges of North Siberian tribes. Here in Little America it meets an old friend in Martin Ronne, who was & member of the Maud expedi- tion. The theodolite also has seen Arc- tic service. It belongs to W. J. Peters, scientific leader of the Ziegler Polar ex- pedition and was used by him in Franz Josef Land. The work with Larry Gould has been great fun. We take turns about as ob- server; while one ohserves the other records and keeps the puppies from in- vading us. The roof is fortunately strong enough to Support & number of the young rascals. e last time Comdr. Byrd paid us a visit he almost received a whack on the nose before we discov- ered that he was not another of Joseph- ine’s numerous progeny. We had to shoo him away, however, for fear he had | some iron on him that would affect the instruments. Comdr. Byrd is keenly in- terested in the magnetic observations, as In every other phase of the scientific work, He has given away & large part of his own stock of warm clothing to those who have to work outside. The hands and feet suffer most in absolute work, so the gifts of gloves and foot- gear is a form of practical encourage= ment which contributes a great deal to the success of the work, Electrical Experiments. This describes briefly the magnetic work of the expedition. The program of research includes electrical experi- ments, continuous observations of the temperature at different levels in the Ross Barrier and finding the conductiv- ity of the snow. - Part of the apparatus for this work was lent by McGill Uni- versity, Montreal. In conjunction with Dr. F. D. Coman, determinations have been made of the loss of heat from the skin under blizzard conditions and in calm, cold weather. A very important feature of Winter been the aurora australis. This deserves a separate chapter in ac- count of the Winter activities. The most beautiful phenomenon of the skies, the aurora has intrigued the imagination of mankind throughout his- tory. It has featured much in the myths and legends of the peoples of the North_since the days of the Vikings, and Norwegian scientists, more than any others, have observed the play of the ‘morthern lights and studied their origin. When people ceased to believe that the waving curtains and darting stream- ers were but reflections of the humors of the gods, they saig that the sun was responsible. So many beautiful features of the centers on which these streams shoot out, ‘They are sun spots. When these electrons the earth’s atmosphere, their im the gas particles produces light. great number of scintillations are pro- dueed in this way from the aurora. Aurora’s Mysteries. It is possible to demonstrate this in a laboratory. Streams of electrons can be made to pass through a tube con- taining gas if Ms pressure is reduced by creating a partial vacuum. By increas- ing the s of the electrons in the gas, light is produced. If a mixture of gases is used and the pressure and speed of the electrons vary, the light changes in position and color. This how auroral light may be caused, but why should aurora ap- {)e-r at certain of the earth more han others? are seen more fre- quently in the far'north and south. By repeating the experiment above de- scribed with a magnetic sphere in one end of the tube, the glows produced when a stream of electrons is directed toward it are to be seen near the points on Jche sphere corresponding to its mag- ne are visi- called strike ct on When the electrons from. the sun | fio shoot toward the earth they are influ- enced by the magnetic field of the earth, and are attracted toward the north and south in the same manner. Exactly what produces the different forms of aurora, curtains, arcs, streamers, etc., we do not know, but -there is no doubt that they are influenced by changes in the magnetic force and electrical con- ditions of the atmosphere. An aurora watch_has been kept all through the period df darkness. Russell Owen has des: the routine of the watch and the appearance of the dis- plays. Each man has taken his part in this work. E. J. Demas has done most valuable work in auroral observa- tions. At the beginning of Winter he decided to use the quiet hours of the night to study, and volunteered to take the night watch for the whole Winter. This he has done admirably. He is an accurate observer, and is keenly inter- ested in the auroral phenomena. Dur- ing the remainder of the time the rest of us take turns as observers. The Aurora Colors. ‘The displays seen this Winter have rarely reac] the brilliancy of the aurora borealls. We have seen aurora australis on 70 per cent of the days since April 1, and most of the rem: ing days were overcast. The displays have shown very constant forms, and most frequently oceurred in the evening. The arches and curtains generally run in a north-south direction, coming up from the east. We have not seen many displays in the west, and these have been, advance guards of the processions rising from the east. ‘The greatest activity and variety of colors has occurred when the curtains are overhead. -Very frequently it hap- pens that a greenish glow in the east heralds an approaching band of green- ish-yellow color which rises in the sky, followed by other bands. The move- ment is not uniform but pulsating. The The Briarcliffe—a ladies’ wrist watch ‘by HAMILTON— 14-kt. solid white gold case; 17-jewel move- ment—an ex- ceptionally ‘75 small watch... the surface of the sun, from | curtain forms o ‘become more as displa; and pink m; e shimmers along their edges. overhead the movement is most rapid and the colors A | most vivid. Then the intensity lessens and the cu recede to' the east growing more diffused. It nearly always h‘fi' pens that the southern ends of the waves recede faster and the display fills the northeast sky for a time, huge sometimes formed center into the northwest. The pre- vailing directions of the curtains and arches is north-south. westward toward thé agnt pole as the display increases in activity, and recede to the east as they bscome fainter, . The correlation of magnetic auroral and radio data will come later. This article attempts to describe the rou- tine of one branch of the program of research that has occupied the expedi- tion during the Winter. It has been & great pleasure to the writer to have served with the expedition under che Ametican flag. Comdr. Byrd on_ the first day of syflnf honored the Nor- weglan members of the expedition and myself by asking us unfurl our gs toget! Stripes, Sverre Strom’s comment on sion: “Never have I lived with a group of men in such good fellowship.” (Copyright, 1t y the New York Times Co. and the -Dispateh. All rights pubtie reserved throughout the world.) $359,890 SAVING MADE BY ARMY’S CASH BASIS Finance Chief Carmichael Reports Benefits Derived from Prompt Payments. .According to Maj. Gen. R. L. Car- michael, chief of finance, War De- partment, the prompt payment of bills for military supplies and services dur- ing the it fiscal year resulted in the saving of $359,880 from copumercial dis- counts and placed the business opera- tions on a practical cash basis. He stated also that accounts involv- ing property of an estimated value of $2,369,106,765 were audited by his office during the past year. accounts were 113,968 War Department contracts entered into during the period from April 6, 1917, to November 12, 1918, amounting to $70,119,747. Britain Phones to South Africa. CAPE TOWN, South Africa, Novem- ber 23 (#)—During the last 10 days, it is understood, experiments in wire- less telephony have been carried out between the British and South African it office de ts. isfactory results, but South Afriea has not y‘;c been able to speak to Great SORORITY . an Elgin wrist ‘watch for the young lady at school or business « . . rectangular in shape —an excellent timepiece. The ‘25 feature price is 'A STORE FOR ALL THE The GRUEN wrist watch for ladies—a worthy member of the Gruen - family—135-jewel movement—14-kt. white gold filled. Choice of a nul|nber }?( styles at the teatore price $29.73 This ELGIN strap watch for men is noted for its dependability and service. _The dial is raised gold lettered. The ! . ise.“‘”e ?nc.? sls THE CHR HAMILTON . . . a pocket watch for the man that needs a really reliable time- piece. 17-jewel move- ment. 14-kt. white or green gold §50 fille: atmosphere, the rlin'xow. sunrise and sunset, were undoubtédly due to the sunbeams. hen ‘they came from the seiting they made the horizon orange red and the higher skies blue and gray. The sunbeams, when they shone through rain, pla; yed another { (‘c‘me and painted rainbows. So it was thought tha it when the sun | set, its rays, striking the snow fields of the Aretic, the clou ids and so We do not believe this now.. Seience explains the aurora in terms of elec- trons, magnetic fields and sun ts, but_still the sun plays a most were reflected to : formed the aurora borealis. ith Comdr. force. The ying Bryhs party part. Besides its rays of I throws out streams of smal charges called electrons, the sun ] electrical Included in those | in progress. = MRS. BERNADINE K. LEAMAN. ;flJNTER FIRES GUN INTO FUNERAL PARTY Rev. P. B. Claggett Among Those Peppered With Shot Near Shepherdstown, W. Va. Special Dispatch to The Star. SHEPHERDSTOWN, W. Va., Novem- ber 23.—Several persons alighting from their cars to attend a funeral at Uvilla, near here, yesterday were peppered with shot. from the gup of a Marland hunter nearby. No serious injuries resulted, none of the shot penetrating deeply. ‘Among those Safired was Rev. P B, Clagget, in charge of the rites. The hunter denied he had pointed his gun in the direction of the crowd and re- | prese: sented, apparently, criticism of his act. He disappeared while the funeral was . State officers are attempt- ing to identify him and arraign him on charges of having violated West Vir- ginla hunting regulations. Liquor on Sale by Government. MONTREAL, November 23 ().— Premier E. N. Rhodes of Nova Scotia announced terday that Nova Scotia would not inaugurate government sale of liquor before June 1, 1930, at the earliest. The premier has been ;,klng an inspection of liquor-control systems in the various provinces with a view to establishing s system to suit his own province, :Mch recently voted in favor of liguor control GRUEN CAR- TOUCHE.FOR LADIES —14-kt. solid gold case whose distinctly new de- sign immediately stamps it as a remarkable vaiue at the standard . price. 15-jewel move- '50 ment Among the Scores of Suggestions for Christmas Giving is found . an almost endless variety of - Gift - Watches ...also GIFTS of fine SILVER, DIAMONDS, CLOCKS, objects d’art, and so forth &) An imported French Clock Set of bronse and marble. ‘The statuary clock depicts “Queen of the Seas” (reine des mers) , . , with two ornamental vases plete azd:nll-;:fln ‘The clor.: is set vlt.l: a el ly movement. SET OF PIECES $125 Members of the Amsterdam Diamond Ezchange NRS. LEAMANTOPS - POPULARITY YOTE General Accounting Office Auditor Leads “Miss Fed- eral Employe” Race. Mrs. Bernadine K. .Leaman, 1509 Crittenden street, an_auditor of the General Accounting Office, led the fleld in the “Miss Federal Employe” - larity contest when votes for val contestants were counted last night. ‘The contest is being held in connec- tion with the circus-revue the District federation will hold at Masonic Audi- torium, Thirteenth and H streets, De- cember 5, 6 and 7. Balloting will close the last night of the circus and an- ent of the winner will be made form- Fed- eral Employe,” the winner will be awarded an automobile. Mrs. Leaman.took the lead in the contest from Miss Ruby B. Martin, 3211 Newark street, secretary and executive clerk to the chief of personnel, Veter- mlu' Bureau, who dropped to second ace. " Miss Mary E. Laughlin, 2148 O street, secretary to the Commissioner of Pen- ury Department Annex, No. 1 from ninth to fifth place, and Arline Craig, employe of the Ge: Accounting Office, was in a position to tronger bid for the title from Oscas en! ho heads No. 24 '3 e ;’ Rock Creek Church m« Georgla avenue. The firefighters are re] supporting her campaign to & m%'gflmmmmmc.mmnf Miss ent; ury : Roach, Navy Yard, and Miss Nettie R. .| Israel, Treasury Department. Quakes Are Felt in Mexico. MEXICO CITY, November 33 (#).— Dispatches last night to El Universal from Pinotepa, Oaxaca, told of two huv{ue:ru: shocks which threw the popul a panic, but caused no damage. it 1 0 o'clock Thursday nigl minutes later. was felt early yesterday. This CORONADO HAMILTO! watch for 'men . .5 is typical of . the manner in which this famous ‘make secks a preference . .. 19- jewel movement—14- kt. white or yellow gold—figures ‘125 : set in_enamiel, o SOLID PLAT- INUM diamond watch...ladies solid platinum wrist watch, set. with 20 beautiful ¢ u t dia- monds; - with. high- grade 17-jewel guar- anteed movement. Very Spe- ‘165 cial A solid gold GRUEN! An_ exceptional value in a 15-jewel, 14-kt. solid gold strap watch at a price which ordinarily will buy. nothing “better than a gold filled ‘50 ISTMAS SELECTION IS AT ITS BEST NOW _We shall be pleased to reserve any article you choose ELGIN . . . men’s thin model pocket watches of white or green cases; 15-jewel .......$22.50 1Tjewel ..., 825