Evening Star Newspaper, November 24, 1929, Page 2

2 ¥ y THE SUNDAY STAR. WA CLEMENCEAU DIES AFTER HARD SIEGE figer of France, 88, Had Asked That No Women Be Present at Death. (Continued From First Page) 6f Clemenceau falls before his great- | ness. The great service he rendered the fatherland “Bister last utterances. He said to her don’t wish to prevent you from praying | for me, Sister.’ There was no sarcasm in this brief phrase, but profound re- #pect for the mission of the sister who #0_devotedly attended him.” ! Like his father, Clemenceau will | probablv be burfed in an upright posi- | tion. The elder Clemenceau Ww of | stern stuff, authorative and dominating. He was a doctor by profession and drove through the village of Vendee, healing | and commanding. | Life Shortened By Work. Clemenceau’s doctors said that over- work on his book refuting criticisms attributed to the late Marchal Foch shortened his life by many months. The wartime premier had been spend. ing six and seven hours daily at his desk through the Summer and Fall, and for | a man nearly 90 years old the labor | proved too much. Mutinous to the end, Clemenceau refused to obey the en- treaties of his doctors that he take a eoneste told me one of his rest. “Doctors are a lot of donkeys” he growled. “I must finish my work.” The first part of his memoire had already appeared, and two volumes, “‘Au Soir de la Pensee” (“In the Evening of Thought”), have been published in English. Dr. Laubry, & heart specialist, who | was one of the closest personal friends | of the dead statesman, shook his head over his patient. “That book will play him a trick yet.” i ‘The public first learned ‘that there was & controversy when Raymond Re- couly, A& Paris journalist and author, issued A book accepted as having been inspired by Foch himself. Parts of it were even dictated by the marshal and the entire work was reviewed and cor- rected by him in proof before it was| published. The book came out a few | days after Foch's death last Spring. It | contained many criticisms of the Tiger's | activities as war-time premier. One deal with his alleged efforts to secure the removal of Gen. John J. Pershing as commander-in-chief of the A. E. F., and another with attempts to have the American troops incorporated with the | French armies.” Answer to Attack. Clemenceau, with characteristic vigor, | .announced when Recouly's book ap- peared: “I hate to start a controversy over & coffin, but I am being attacked. { shall defend myself and write & book | of my own.” ( { The body of Marshal Foch was lying In state at that time. 8ince April the Tiger has worked | diligently and daily with his old quill | m\e‘lhflh" living in his modest Paris in the Rue Pranklin or in the | solitary villa in Vendee where he spends | his Summers. His doctors felt all along that he was working too strenuously. Meanwhile the book was progressing. “My book will be ready about the end of October,” Clemenceau told an Associated Press correspondent who ,Yisited him last Summer in Vendee. ‘But on returning to Paris, the Tiger suffered a Neart attack aggravated by :‘Boim of congestion in the lungs. He ied and appeared to have fought off xepaired his health. insisted on taking up his work immediately, . disrega: his doctors' advice to take a rest. During his convalescence the. doctors were | amazed to come in one day and find that -he had gone to the it in his efforts to speed up the writing of his book. He had summoned the athletic director who counselled him for 30 years and begun a program of gymnas- tic exercises. These exercises weak- ened the Tiger's heart, and he was ptly rebuked by the doctors, who impediately issued an order barring thif physical instructor from Clemen- cef’s house. But the Tiger himself peormed his exercises from time to tile, to the eve of his death. His book was one of his final cares, the doctors said that his “War,” the controversy that he hated to start “over a cofin” had much to do with prematurely opening the “Tiger's own coffin, Georges Eugene Benjamin Clemen- ceau was born on September 28, 1841, at Moullleron-en-Parads, near the littic country town of Fontenay-le-Comte, in the most picturesque district of the| Vendee. His father, Dr. Benjamin Clemenceau, practiced his profession of medicine in the interests of the poor only, accepting no fees. His father be- forée him had been an active Repub- lican and had maintained a correspond- ence with several members of the con- vention and, among others, with Lara- velliere, the chief of the theophilan- thropists. Dr. Clemenceau kept up the traditions of the family, but after the coug d'etat of Louis Napoleoa in 1851 he held entirely aloof from politics and devoted himself to his profession at Nantes, to which town the family moved when Georges was about 8 years old. The boy received his early tutoring from his mother and afterward attend- ed the Lycee at Nantes, Qeorges Clemenceau was in his eighteenth year and, having completed his course at the Lycee, was about to bbgin the study of medicine under his father's direction, when one morning the gendarmes appeared at the Clemen- céau home and asked for the doctor. ‘Vhen he appeared they arrested him and took him in a prison van to Ma; seille. Ten days later the same gen- ‘darmes deposited the doctor on his own doorstep without any more explanation than they had volunteered when they took him away. In the meantime his daughter had become mentally de- ranged as a result of grieving for he: father. What did this arbitrary act mean? Young Clemenceau set himselt to find out. It meant, he discovered, that following the attempt on the life of the Emperor by Orsini a Jaw had been passed giving the monarch the power to arrest, banish or exile to Al- geria any lunKecud person without trial or any formality whatever. Dr. Clemen- to Algeria when, at the instance of the prefect of Nantes, the order of banisi- ‘ment had been revoked and he had been -ordered back to his home. A Student in Paris. TIn 1861 Clemenceau went to Paris to eomplete his medical studies, becoming 4 house pupil in the Hotel Dieu and, later, house surgeon in the Salpetriere Hospital and the favorite pupil of the famous Dr. Edouard Robin, whose the- ‘ories Clemenceau condensed, organized and expounded in a clear body of doc- trine in a thesis entitled: “De la Gene- ration des Elements Anatomiques” a volume which remains an important contribution to medical science. On the strength of this work Clemenceau ‘was, in 1865, accorded the degree of -doctor of medicine. Paris, in the early '60s, was in e of seething political fermentation and 1t was impossible for young Clemenceau ‘to avoid participation in the discussion :and formulation, general among the :students of the time, of anti-imperial ‘plots and plans. Through friends of ;the family in Nantes he became ac- ‘quainted with a soldler of fortune ‘named Oluseret, who had served in ‘the United States with Grant and had ‘veturned to France to enlist aid for Ithe Northern cause. Cluseret had an > American following which hated the S Emperior because he had mmunfi:d | ‘tha—secessionists. - Speaking English 4 Clemenceau was able to converse with American & friends, and while the rdons many things. | ‘g |10 the other young agitators were dis- cussing Jacobin phrases he learned of the achievements of Washington, Jef- ferson and Franklin. Pursuing his medical studies, he aired his politieal and religious views by writing in various journals of the Latin | quarter, which were alternately toler- |ated and suppressed by imperial ca- price, In 1862 he conceived the idea of # celebration in the Place de la Bastille in commemoration of the anniversary of February 24, 1848. He organized & | students’ parade to the site of the old prison, where he led cheers for the revolution and cries of “Vive la Repub- lique!” He was arrested, im ned in the Conclergerie and sentenced to two months’ hard labor in the prison at Mazas. Little Hope in Profession. Following his attainment of his med- ical .degree, Clemenceau felt that, un- | der the imperial regime. little in the way of a professional careeg was open to him. He realized that to remain either tame sub- cession of prison terms. He preferred to withdraw from his native land until things mended, as he was firmly con- vinced they soon would do. and T solved to travel in the United States, England and Germany, studying these | countries and their institutions. He elected to visit America first. The rest of his project never was carried out. He arrived in New York in the Spring of 1865, bringing letters of introduc- tion to Horace Greeley and to a sub- editor of the Tribune. He studied with in America and the political and social institutions of the country so that for New York Letter” to Le Temps with- newspaper. Upon his arrival in New York Clem- enceau took up his residence in West ‘Twelfth street and cast about for means of entering the ranks of the practicing medical profession. Patients did not caome, however, and he was forced to | turn to his writings to make ends meet. He contributed articles to several New York newspapers and contributed ma- terial on American subjects to the Paris papers. lation of John Stuart Mill's book on Auguste Comte. In the Fall of 1865 he was offered a place as an instructor in the French language and literature in & young woman's academy at Green- wich, Conn., which he accepted. One of his students was a Miss Mary Plum- mer, with whom he fell in love. Their engagement was announced, but was nearly broken when Miss Plummer learned that her intended husband would consent orly to & civil marriage. Clemencoau obdurate and finally gained his point, the civil marriage be- ing performed the vear following his| arrival at Greenwich. The daughter who | was born of this marriage, Mme. | Clemenceau-Jacquemaire, lectured wide- | 1y in this country on ‘“The 1 of France” in the Winter of 1919-20. In Revolution of 1870. Late in 1869 Clemenceau returned to France with his wife and child and set up as a doctor in Montmartre. He had hardly established himself when the news of Benedetti’s interview with Willi'm I at Ems and the consequent rupture between France and Prussia | reached Paris July 13, 1870. A week later came the 'formal declaration of | war. Clemenceau at once entered into | relations with Gambetta and on the night of September 3, preceding the proclamation of the. French Republic, he went around Belleville for him to tell | the members of the National Guard there to meet next day in the Place de 1a Concorde and make & clean sweep of the empire. Then he went to his old friend Etienne Arago, the self-elected mayor of Paris, and was intrusted by him with the administration of the 18th Arrondissergent, the most difficult of all to manage, as was soon to appear from the events which gave Montmartre its tragic notorlety. After the failure of the ular movement in Paris on October 31 municipal elections took place in the Paris constituencies and Montmartre confirmed by a large ma- Jority the provisional powers its young mayor. As a result of his'efficlent. admins stration under the trying circumstances, Clemenceau, @ strap-hanger few months before, gained such popularity that when the slege was over Paris elected him as one of its representatives to the National Assembly. He resigned when the body refused to deal with the Commune, returning to his municipal duties after opposing the preliminaries of peace. He was present in the Mont- martre Town Hall when the Communist revolution broke out on March 18. Clemenceau was severely condemned for falling to prevent the murder of Gen. Lecomte and Gon. Thomas and other Communist crimes, and when he apeared before the consell de guerre at Versallles as & witness it seemed “as if he were going to be transferred to the prisoner’s dock.” He was able, how- ever, to prove that he had done his duév &8 mayor. lemenceau’s position in the months immediately preceding the Montmartre tragedy had been difficult. He had be- come suspect to the Versailles govern- ment because of his advocacy of the extension of municipal rights. He was distrusted by the Communists for the reason that he disapproved of revolu- tionary means. This latter became evi- dent when the new government in Paris expelled him from Montmartre and or- dered his arrest. He would not, de- spite this, cast his lot with Conservative France and M. Thiers, but sought to bring about & compromise. He became, with Floguet and Lockroy, the founder and apostle of the Paris League for Rights, and he started on a lecturing tour of the provinces in order to pro- mote the league’s object. The national government at once stopped his prog- ress. He was in Paris when the gov- ernment troops entered the city on May 23, 1871, but he kept out of the way. He did all he could for the im- prisoned Communists, who numbered more than 50,000, His Pistol Always Ready. Montmartre, in 1872, returned to its allegiance and sent Clemenceau to the Paris municipal council. He became, in turn, secretary, vice chairman and chairman of the body. In 1876 he was elected to the Assembly and thereupon began a new period in his life. Although a supporter of Gambetta in the early days of his political life, Clemenceau, following his entrance to the chamber, became the deadly foe of the Opportunist doctrine held by Gambetta and his followers. He fought with all his strength against the Oppor- tunists, using his masterly scholarship and forensic skill against Gambetta's fiery oratory. ‘The foreign expeditions in which Jules Ferry, in 1882-1885, involved the French policy were for Clemencesu an opportunity for new oratorical triumphs. e condemned all wars of conquest and upheld the right of the natives of Tonking, Tunis, Egypt and Madagascar to control their own destinies without interference from European nations. Colonial expansion, the Opportunists held, alone could revive France after her crushing defeat by opening new markets to her declining industries. This Clemenceau would not admit; ag- | gression aboard, he held, would imperil the peace France had so dearly gained. One of his speeches drove Jules Ferry from power with the nickname “Le Tonair.” Out of Politics at 52. At 52 vears of age then Clemenceau found himself excluded from political life at the time when his party was at last gaining the ascendency. He plunged into literature and journalism. ~For 10 years his pen was wonderfully active. He contributed articles on literary, ar- tistic and social subjects to a large number of Parisian and provincial peri- odicals. He became the chief contribu- tor of La Justice, the radical policy of which he had, up to that time, merely inspired. The Dreyfus affair, beginning in 1894, brought Clemenceau back to the front. The case against the accused officer eaused a political, religious, racial and soclal struggle which shook the n tional life of France. Clemenceau lieved firmly in the innocence of Drey~ fug and, ng financial backing, he launc] the newspaper L'Aurore, chief in the campaign for care the condition of the working classes | two years after his return to Paris, in | 1869, he was able to write an excelient | out moving out of the office of that He also made a French trans- | | tween the pros and cons of the tussie | Sarrien resigned a few months later on D,IEMORIES OF THE PAST IN CLEMENCEAU’S LIFE revision of the trial. The paper was the first to publish Emile Zola's famous ar- ticle “J'Accuse!” and Clemenceau, it has been sald, supplied the stirring title. At the conclusion of the Dreyfus crisis Clemenceau had become again & potent factor in national politics. In 1902, after nearly 10 years of politi- cal seclusion, the senatorial constituents of the Var sent the editor back to Par- liament. There he lent his force to the | maintenance of & rational balance be- | concerning the separation of church and state, As Prime Minister. Clemenceau's position in regard to the church was more emphatically stated when as prime minister his gov- ernment had to struggle hard with dif- ficulties arising from the application of | the law. Clemenceau, upon the acces sion to the presidency of M. Fallieres, had been named minister of the in- terior in the Sarrien cabinet. When account of 111 health Clemenceau be- came prime minister. Religlous ques- tions were paralysing the republic on its onward course toward social refofms. Every one trembled at the thought of the possible outcome, Clemenceau was expected to throw down the gauntiet to Catholicism. But he avoided trouble. Clemenceau's foreign policy was sim- ple also. It was to keep Germany in | her place in Europe by maintaining those guaranties of French security which, he believed, were based on the | complete defensive understanding of | , England and Spain. Clemenceau was de- in which bitter words were exchanged between him and M. Delcasse. He at once resigned and was succeeded as| premier by M. Briand, with a recon- structed cabinet. He returned to his | writing, serving the nation with his pen until he was called to serve it again in | the role of statesman. With the beginning of the World War in 1914 Clemenceau dedicated his pen anew to the national interest and be- came s0 unsparing in his denunciation of administrative negligence and mili- tary incompetence that his paper, L'Homme Libre, published in Paris, was suppressed by the government. Within & few days it reappeared in Bordeaux, &s uncompromising as ever, under the name L'Homme Euchdine. Clemenceau’s pen spared neither friend nor foe. So it was with the popular approval of all France that “The Tiger,” as he had come to be known because of his editorial “savagery,” was on November 11, 1917, summoned by President Poin- care to direct again the Prench ship of state and the nation's war activities. Clemenceau, quickly responding, dedi cated himseif {o the most vigorous pros- | ecution of the war. He made frequent and, for many weeks dally, trips to the | French front to confer with the mili- | tary leaders to gain first-hand infor- mation necessary to the government, to cheer the troops and to bring back to the civil population encouragement and new hope. In these journeys along the firing line he was heediess of the great- est danger, and on one occasion nar- rowly missed being killed by an ex- | ploding shell. Plea for Roosevelt. In 1917, six months before he be- came premler for the second time, he caused considerable comment in Amer- ica by reason of a letter which he, as editor of L'Homme Euchaine, address- ed to President Wilson, in which he urged the Executive to permit Theodore Roosevelt to lead an Army division to France. “There is one name in France now,” he wrote, “which sums up the beauty of American intervention. It is the name of Rcosevelt, your predecessor, even your rival, but with whom there can now be no other rivalry than heartening success. * * * It is pos- sible that your own mind, inclosed in its austere legal frontiers, wiich has been the sor of so many noble ac- tions, has failed to be impressed by the vital hold which personalities like Roosevelt have on popular imagination. * * * I claim for Roosevelt only what he claims for himself—the right to appear on the battlefield surrounded by his comrades. During his term as war premier Clemenceau found opposition to his government just as bitter as that which he directed ainst his predecessors, and he was June, 1918, broken through at the Chemin des Dames, crossed the Marne and were at Chateau Thierry, 40 miles from Paris. His &l one have the courage o say it, and, having said it, courage enough to do it. I'll| see this war through to a finish.” After Clemenceau refused the Aus- trian peace overtures the irate.Social- ists demanded, “What are your aims?” Pacing the speake: tribune like a weather-beaten old skipper on the bridge of his ship in a gale, the premier waited for the noise to abate, “Victory!” he thundered at his tor- mentors. Disagrees With Wil Early in the discussion of the terms of peace Clemenceau clashed sharply with President Wilson, the latter de- claring that the United States would not interest itself in any arrangement based upon alliances of balances of power, and the French statesman de- claring that France would not abandon the good old principles which had his- torically proved of so great value. Thereafter the two were frequently in opposition. Concerning President Wils | son's “first commandment,” for “open covenants openly arrived at,” Clemen- | ceau mordantly remarked. “But we| cannot negotiate in the middle of the| street!” For four months he contend- ed against Messrs. Wilson and Lloyd George to secure for France the pro- tection afforded by allied occupation of the left bank of the Rhine, the end winning that essential point. At the end it was Clemenceau's ap- Eroyl’hu privilege to preside at the istoric session at which the German | ‘parently have failed to arrive at a SHINGTON, D. C. NOVEMBER 24, 1929—PART ONE. Orlande of Italy, L Placing a wreath on able speech in that city of Strasbourg which he had done so much to restore to France, the wise keynote of which was: “Work! Work! Work!” The | result of the elections was a sweeping vietory for the French republicanism of | which he was the foremost representa- tive, and therefore an impressive vindi- | cation and commendation of his ad-| ministration. Then there arose a widespread de-| mand for his election as president of the republic, to succeed M. Poincare. This he at first strongly and sincerely deprecated, feeling that he was no. temperamentally fitted to fill an office which, with all its distinction, is po- | litically neuter. The popular insistence continuing, however, he reluctantly per- | mitted himself to be regarded as a| candidate, on the understanding that he would brook no contest, but would accept the presidency only if elected | without opposition. A political cabal was formed inst him, and when the parliamentary January 16 he didacy by M. Paul Deschanel. diately he declared his withdrawal from the contest, and the next day M. De- | schanel was elected president. The day after that Clemenceau resigned his | rllu as prime minister and thus ended | n flawless dignity and honor a career | of public service unrivaled by that of any other statesman of the republic and | approximated only by the careers of Leon Gambetta and Adolphe Thiers. A little later he set out on a long holiday tour of Egypt and the Levant in quest of well earned recreation. | He chose tp spend the closing year: of his life very near the spot of hi birth. He lived in a little farmhouse, surrounded by garden and woodland. RED TROOPS SACK CHINESE CITIES IN MANCHURIAN DRIVE (Continued From First Page) heavy damage on the enemy positions | and Fancheng and Laohokow.” Outcome of Rail Quarrel. The condition approaching active warfare between China and Russia in churia is an outcome of desultory fighting along the border of Siberia and Manchuria begun in July a8 a result of the struggle of the two governments | to_control l‘le Chinese Eastern Railway. Months of negotiations between the Nanking and Moscow governments ap- aceable settlement, guerllla warfare gan at border towns, becoming creasingly violent until today it has sumed major importance. The Chinese Eastern Railway, serving one of the richest districts in all Ching, is & profitable enterprise. It was begun in 1897, Russians providing the finances. Completed in 1903, it has served Russia as a short cut from Chita, on the Transsiberian _ Railroad, across Man- churia to Visdivostok on the Japan Sea. Other branches and connections run southward through Manchuria (Chinese and Japanese controlled) and through Korea (Japanese controlled). The trouble over the railway was pre- “Tiger” Fe | Dreamless Sleep, Not Very By the Associated Press. BOSTON, November 23.—Georges | Clemenceau, veteran French statesman, | who died in Paris, held toward death | the same fearless attitude that he did | toward life, and advised others to to accept it “as we find it. st chapter of his autoblography, “In the Evening of My Thought,” “completed ust prior to his death and published ere by the Houghton Miffiin Co., re- d the aged Tiger's opinion of death reamless sleep.” He watched its l‘wronch complacently and with com- plete imperturbation. ‘The chapter entitled “And Hereafter” mn‘ued with orthodox views regard- ing life after death and criticised as lacking in_“balanced judgment” those who found such views necessary to helr happiness on earth, envoys were led in to recelve the di of the treaty, and to sign . ‘With the conclusion of peace his work was logically ended. He continued ir office as primé minister for some moénths, howéver, and thus. conducted Prance through the !)eflflfimpllg\‘.lufely indicates & g which gave her & new p.rlflrcnt. oumdnmc campaign with & memor- “A dreamless sleep that is a purely negative state of unconsciousness, is that we can anticipate of death, he wrote. “That is not very terrify: ing. An absence of pleasure: an ab- sence of pain. To dread such a state latk “of balanced judgment, since we enter it, by no means without satisfaction, at the end | after arless Toward Death Pain Nor Pleasure, Is What He Expects, Clemenceau Reveals in Last Chapter of His Autobiography. Clemenceau at Mount Vernon. | cipitated by China’s action in dismiss- ing and arresting Russian operating of- ficlals on the charge that they were disseminating propagands against the | Chinese government. Diplomatic negotiations having proved abortive and Russians having fred the first shots, President Chiang Kai-Shek of China July 21 called upon the armies of which he was commander-in-chief to defend the soverign rights of China, saying: “Unless we unite in the fight against | red imperialism our country and our people will peris 1 DEAD, 2 HURT IN WRECK, Special. “'spatch to The Star. UPPLRVILLE, Va., November 23— One man was instantly killed and two other persons critically injured when their automobile crashed into a bridge | and overturned today on the Winches- ter pike a mile above here. ‘The dead man is Thomas Buchanan, 25 years old, of Chilhowi, Tenn. The injured are Mr. and Mrs. Henry Du ney of Yonkers, N. Y. Buchanan's body is in the C. W. Wiltshire under- taking establishment herc. The in« jured were taken to the Winchester Memorial Hospital, where their condi- tion is sald to be serious. Both are unconsclous. They are thought to have been proceeding to Buchanan's home from Yonkers. errifying and With Neither of every day. When we have com- pleted our daily tasks, do we not seek 1o recuperate in sleep? Death is no more and no less than sleep. In the evenings everyone looks forward to the approaching hours of unconsciousness Insomnia is considered an unsurpassed evil. How senseless it is, then, to in- velgh sgainst a state the rythmic re- turn of which we value so highly!” Clemenceau would not be misunder- stood, however, in creating the impres- slon that he prized unduly the state oll unconsciousness called death. He sald: “It would be paradoxical for me to maintain that life is a temporary woe | and death the supreme state of hap- rlntu. I do not in the least believe it. I fully appreciate the great achieve- ments of consciousness. with either a tendant and inevitable sequence of jo: and sorrow——." = But these great achievements h described, in another portion, as “wisp: of smoke which they call glory” anJ said that the reason men lay such a! :‘vlnn by th&T ause “they find in em something smacks of survival ' death.” GRIEF EXPRESSED BY ARMY LEADERS Stimson, Pershing and Sum- merall Pay High Tribute . to “Tiger.” By the Associated Press. Mourning the death of his friend, Gen. John J. Pershing said last night he regarded Georges Clemenceau as the | “outstanding World War figure” among the French people. The commander of Amerfean forces in France during the war said? “The death of M. Georges Clemenceau fills me with grief. Those of us who knew him as prime minister the last year of the war recognized in him the very personification of the fine courage and patriotism of the French people. | He inevitably inspired his friends witn admiration and respect for his superb qualities of mind and spirit. I regard him as the outstanding World War figure among his people. My last visit with him was on Armistice day two weeks ago. I deeply mourn his passing.” Stimson Expresses Regret. Secretary Stimson expressed his re- gret. He sald: “I am deeply grieved to hear of the death of M. Clemenceau, former prime minister of France and & most courage= ous leader at the time of the greatest crisis of our age.” Gen. Charles P. Summerall, chief of staff, sald: “With the death of M. Georges Clemenceau, ex-premier of France, is recorded the passing of another of that small group of men who from 1917 to 1920 dominated the history of the world. Army Army Mourns Death. “Fhe Army of the United States mourns in him the memory of a valiant comrade, one who inspired the arms of his own country toward that victory which was the object of us all.” Patrick J. Hurley, Acting Secretary of War, said: “Those who crossed the seas to p: ticipate in the great wag know that |' in 1917 and 1918 the spirit of M. Gecrges Olemenceau was the spirit of victory. I voice the deep garrow of the War Department at the passing of a great French patriot and of a cour- ageous leader.” Automobiles and trucks now furnjsh lm;, t){;'ly mn':; ul‘)l quick lr::;pm‘ul!.km ini e Aintab, Diarbekie Malauia districts of Turkeg, o REGULAR SESSION | FAGES BIG TASKS House to Tackle Tax Cut and Senate Vare Case and Tariff. BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. ‘The Seventy-first Congress, which meets in its first regulgr session & week | from tomorrow, will have big tasks im- | mediately on its hands. ‘The House will tackle tax reduction, | in accordance with the recommendation | of President Hoover and Secretary Mellon. The Senate has first on its list dis- position of the case of Willlam 8. Vare, Senator-elect from Pennsylvania, which has been hanging fire for more than two years. It has also to complete consideration of the tariff bill. What further legislative tasks the Congress will undertake awaits the ! message of President Hoover and his recommendations to that body. It will the President's first message to nagds of the country. His message to | e Congress at the opening of the spe- cial session was limited almost entirely to farm relief and tax revision. It is i expected that the transfer of the pro- hibition enforcement unit from the Treasury to the Department of Justice will be one of the measures undertaken. The President’s Crime Commission, so called, which has been working for sev- 1 months on the problems of better law enforcement, may have some recommendations also for the Congress to deal with. Tax Reduction Approved. ‘The President’s proj 1 for tax re- duction, lopping ll!&?“m.m oft the Federal income tax bill which the tax- payers must pay during the comin year, has already received the approval of Democratic as well as Republican leaders in Congress. The proposal is to reduce the normal tax rate by 1 per cent both on the in- comes of individual taxpayers and on the incomes of corporations. Chair- man Hawley of the House ways and means committee expects to report a joint resolution covering the tax re- duction soon after the session opens and to pass it through the House quickly. Senator Smoot, chairman of the Senate finance committee, said last night that he believed the Senate also the tax reduction plan. He said that his committee might hear represent- atives of the Treasury, but that no ex- tensive hearings on the matter were contemplated. ‘The Vare case is a special order of business for the Senate under an unan- imous consent agreement.- Members of all Senate groups sald yesterday that | they expected the case to be disposed of | promptly. The opinion was expressed, | too, that Mr. Vare would be denied the ight to take his seat. The Senate, it { was said, is not likely to wait further for a report on the contest brought by | William B. Wlison, former Secretary of ]Labor. who was the Democratic candi- date for the Senate against Vare, which ! has been before a subcommittee of the privileges and elections committee. Senators take contest can be settled later, when the committee is ready to report. The Senate in the meantimeé will act finally on the recommendation of the old Reed slush fund committee that Mr. Vare be (not seated, because of alleged cor- ruption. and the excessive expenditure of money in his primary campaign and in the election' itself. Tarift Bill Status. Senator Smoot said yesterday thet the tariff bill remains the unfinished business of the Senate and would come up for consideration immediately after the Vare case was out of the way. He indicated that the tariff bill would be | 1aid aside, however, in order to permit | prompt action on the tax reduction resolution after the House shall have | sent the resolution over to the Senate. ‘The chairman of the finance committee was not optimistic, however, when he was asked if he believed the tariff bill would be passed promptly. He saw lit« tle chance of its being acted upon be- fore Christmas. He said, however, that it was his purpose to seek action on the bill as speedily as it could be had. and | that there was no disposition, so far as fhe knew, to lay the bill aside to let it die. | Senator Borah of Idaho, a leader of | | the Republican progressive bloc, which has formed a coalition with the Demo- crats to deal with the tariff bill. said also that he believed the tariff b would be taken up and passed. He ex- pressed confidence that the bill would be rewritten to meet the ideas of the coalitionists. In some Democratic quarters a doubt was expressed, however, that the tariff bill when completed and presented to the Senate for final action could com- mand a majority of the Senate. 'Un- less the Democrats vote practically solidly for the bill, it was suj ted, it could scarcely be passed. was on the supposition th;% only xlr:le mpulfi lican progressive bloc would suppo: it in l& l'rrrleended form on the Reppub- lican side of the chamber. The Demo- crats, it was pointed out, have been in the habit of voting almost solidly against Republican = tariff measutes. However, it was admitted that if Presi- dent Hoover threw his influence into the balance, urging passage of the bill so that it could go to conference with to conference by the great majority of Republican Senators, pivs sgome of the Democrats. View of Senator Borah. Furthermore, the suggestion that the Democrats would vote Against the tariff bill on its final passage in the Senate was discounted by Senator Borah, who belleves that the Democratic members of the coalition, having once helped to perfect the bill, will stand by it. In! his opinion only two or three Demo- crats at the most will vote against such a bill. Senator Robinson of Arkansas, the Democratic leader of the Senate, who has just returned to Washington after a visit to his home, id last night that he expected to vote for the tariff bill, if it was in a form that suited him when it came to the final vote in the Senate. “If X write the bill or help write it in & form that is satisfactory,” said Senator Robinson, “I shall certainly vote for it.” What will happen to the bill when it goes to conference between the two houses is, of course, a matter of cons jecture, But the coalitionists in the Senate are likely to let the debenture plan of farm aid go by the board if they can preserve in the bill the coali- tion's plan for flexible tariff '.hrouf.h congressional Instead of presidential action. They will insist. however, that the great majority of the changes in rates made by the Senate stand. in- creasing duties on agricultural products and reducing them on manufactured products. After the bill has passed through the conference stage and the conference report shall have been adopted by both houses, it must still run the gantlet of presidential ape proval. Should it contain the deben- ture plan and the Senate amendment taking away the President’s power to deal with tariff through the flexible rrovlslon of the existing law, it is be- lleved the President would veto the measure. Some of the Congressmen ex- press the belief, however, that if the de- benture were out of the bill and the Senate amendment relating to the flexible provision were retained, the President would approve the bill, even though he. has strongly rocnmmenflodi that the flexible Provukmn be retained. | ‘The | < litionists are . good deal on & change of sentiment re- mfim_" A Oongress dealing generally with the | would act speedily and favorably on | the view that that| the House it would be passed and sent | Drastic Cut in Expenditures Desired by Chief Executive. By the Associated Press. Recommendations of the Army Gen- eral Staff, which President Hoover hopes will point the way to a drastic cut in expenditures for the country’s military forces and materially aid tax reduction, have been placed before the Chlef Ex- ecutive. The President is expected to transmit his conclusions early mext month to Congress, where differences on the sub- ject already have been voiced, Chatr- man Reed of the Senate military affairs committee has expressed the opinion {that further economies might injure the efficiency of the Army. Exceeds All Nations. In ordering the survey by the General Staff early in the Summer, President Hoover sald the purely military ex- penses of the United States constitute a military budget greater than that of any other nation and at a time when he considers there is less danger of war than at-any period within the last 50 years The possibility of tax reduction, he added, was dependent to a large ex- | tent upon an ability to curtail military {and naval expenditures. | Estimates place the purely military |outlay for 1933 at $803,000,000, an in- | crease of $120,000,000 as compared with |last year. The increase is half of the estimated total increase in Government expenditures in 1933 as compared with the 1929 fiscal year, ‘The pre-war av- erage expenditure for the Army and Navy was $266,000,000. Trouble Seen in' Congress. Trouble is foreseen in Congress when cuts are attempted, with the prospect of sharp division within the Army ftself over the question, although the General Staff's findings have been guarded, sug- gestions for pruning already have been | directed at some of the many garrisons scattered through the Western States. With these States represented in Con- | gress in some instances by vetcran ad- ministration leaders, a vigorous protest is seen as likely. Senator Bingham, Republicen of Connecticut, one of the most active pre- paredness men in Congress, believes, however, that elimination of these posts ofters one of the best methods for | economy, if there must be economy. 1 Relics of Indian Days. He has contended that the lessons of the World War show that training units should be in larger groups and thinks three main division points for the Army in the East, in the South and in the Far West are enough. Many of the 70 | or 80 garrison posts in the country, he re relics of Indian nthnL days. the House side, Chairman Britien | of the naval committee has said he re- fused to “think of national defense in dollars and cents” and that he believes that while tax reduction is important, ! national defense is more so. During the past décade, the late Sec- retary Good said in putting into effect the Pm;ldam'l redque;t (vrht aur.::z‘ m‘i Army has passed through a o considerable evolution As a result of the new military tacties utilized in.the ‘World Wa This has produced the question, he in new activities in service. SOPPAS PR RISING TEMPERATURES FORECAST FOR DISTRICT Thermometer Gains Are Expected Today and Tomorrow With Clouds and Light Rain. Rising temperatures are promised for Washington for today and tomorrow. Coupled with this forecast, however, was the pronouncement by the Weather Bureau last night, following a study of | meteorological conditions, ~that skies would be “mostly cloudy” and that light rains might be expected locally tomorfow. 5 ‘The temperature reading at 9:30 last degrees. il | night was 31 THREE DIE IN FIRE. ALPENA, Mich,, November 23 (#).— ‘Three persons were burned to death and two of eight others who suffered severe burns are expected to die as the re- sult of a fire which destroyed the farm home of James Bondette, jr., 12 miles south of Atlanta in Montgomery Coun= ty. last night. The dead are Peter Hube, Detroit, & deer hunter; Jack, 14, and Bob, 10, sons of Bondette. James Bondette, st., father of Bondette, and R. R. Wick- ersham of Detroit, a son-in-law, were burned probably fatally. The owner of the house, his wife and four other children were burned severely. of the House who hail from Western States. ‘Work Ahead for Mouse. While the Senate completed its or- ganization of standing committees at | the outset of the special session, the House has yet to make up its commit- tees, except the ways and means com- mittee and one or two others. However, the approj tions committee of thd House is already at work getting ready the big supply bills, which must be passed during the coming session. ‘When the Senate reconvenes, Senator Walter Edge, who now has become Am- bassador to France, will no longer be in the Senate, but will be succeeded by David Baird, jr., recently appointed by the governor of New Jersey, ‘The rv- tirement from the Senate of Mr. Edge leaves a vacancy in the im| 3 finance committee, which handles tariff and revenue legisiation. The progres- sive Republicans are insisting tKa place shall go to Benator La Follette of Wis- consin, one of their group, and are pre- pared to fight for it How long the coming regular session of Congres will continue depends upon future developments. There will be a demand for as early an adjournment as possible, because the entire member- ship of the House comes up for election in 1930 and more than one-third of the Senate membership. Much pends upon the legislative %rqnm laid down by the President, the scope of which has not yet been revealed. There is serious talk of some effort to deal with stock gambiing, in view of the recent fluctuations in stocks on the New York Exchange. Senator Oarter Glass of Virginia, former Secretary of the Treasury and chairman of ' the House committee when the Federal Re- serve act was put through, is giving consideration to & plan. to prevent Do levied mv\.archm g ::mm: vied on of stocks w] the purchaser the stock. only & few days and clearly for a speculs gain rather than for investment pur: foses. Another suggestion is that law be passed to Ibit “short selling” on the market; prevent the sale of stock which is not owned by the seller. The Senate lobby committee, headed by Senator Caraway, has nded 1ts hearings until after the lar session begins. It is ted, however, that the committee will submit a report, or se , to the Senate and may advocate flh&m“« fl#m 4 HOOVER GETS ARMY BUDGET FINDINGS