Evening Star Newspaper, September 12, 1929, Page 8

8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY. .September 12, 1920 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Building. European Office; 14 Regent St. Londons Englan Rate b) l__ tl ity. e e T e month ing a1 (w! 65¢ per month The Sunday Star Sc per copy Collection made at the end of erch rionth. Orders mav be sent in by mall or telephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. B-uy and Sunday....1 yr., $1000: 1 mo., 8¢ aily only . 1 yr., "$6.00; 1 mo.. 50¢ Sunday only 1 yr, $4.00; 1 mo., 40c All Other States and Canada. ally and Sunday..l yr., $12.00; 1 mo,, $! ally only 1yr., $8.00: 1 mo., Sunday on $5.00: 1 mo., Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Assoclated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news ois- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. = . The Right of Way. The Senate yesterday gave the right of way to the tariff bill when Senator Norris® resolution to declare William 8. Vare's seat in the Senate vacant was amended by the Watson resolution to take the matter up December 3. The decision of the Senate, which was at- tacked by Senator Norris as a victory for Mr. Vare, was in reality a reversal for those members of the Senate who are seeking to prevent or delay action on the tariff bill. When the vote is taken finally in the Senate on Mr. Vare's right to hold his seat, Mr. Vare in all probability will be denied that right, Some of the Senators who voted yesterday to postpone action in the case until December will eventually be found voting against the Pennsylvanian. The tariff bill is entitled to the right of way, even though the Vare case has been hanging fire for many months. No one will deny the significance of the ‘Vare case. Involved in it are questions of great importance, including clean elections and the right of a State to send to the Senate any man it may see fit. No one doubts, however, that the Vare case would have been settled by the Senate long ago had it not been for the fact that Mr. Vare was stricken with paralysis last year. He had been promised the right to appear in his de- fense in the Senate. It was obvious that he could not do so because of the state of his health, and the matter was allowed to drag along largely because his opponents in the Senate did not wish to assume the attitude of perse- cuting a sick man. Recent reports that Mr. Vare has in large measure recovered his health have led to demands, like that of Senator Norris, that his case be settled. The country, however, has waited for the disposition of the Vare case for more than two years, he hav- ing been elected to the Senate in No- vember, 1926. It is likely that it can walt for a few more months without harm to any public interest. ‘The present sesslon of Congress was called by the President to deal with two major problems—farm relief and tariff revision—a limited tariff revision. ‘The first has been dealt with in a legis- lative way through the passage of the farm relief act, setting up the Federal Farm Board which is now operating for the benefit of the farmers. That law was not in accordance with the views of Senator Norris and other Progressives and Democrats in the Senate. They held it up for weels by insisting upon putting into the bill the so-called de- benture clause, which was strongly op- posed by the administration. It became a law without that clause, and the ad- minis#ration scored one. ‘The line-up on the tariff bill in the Benate is not entirely dissimilar to the coalition which was formed on the farm bill. President Hoover, however, may be expected to be the gainer in the tariff bill fight in the Senate because the coalition has already forced a re- vision of the House bill. But the tariff is & problem which in the course of orderly government must be disposed of, and the sooner the better for business and for the people generally. The farmers need further protection through the assistance of the tariff and certain manufacturers are entitled to further ald from it, too, if the principle of the protective tariff is to be continued in this country. The signs are for a protracted debate in the Senate. To throw the Vare case into the Senate for consideration at this time would have made impossible final action on the tariff bill before the opening of the regular session in December. It may even now be impos- sible to get final action on the measure and send it to the President before December 3. But, on the other hand, it may be possible to have the Senate act on the bill and send it to conference before that date. And once the Senate has passed the bill a big hurdle will have been leaped. ——r——————— Japan is making a gallant and ef- fectual effort to contradict any unin- formed impression that it is the hu- morous country that Gilbert and Sulli- wvan once assumed to depict. R Mussolini’s Resignations. Benito Mussolini has resigned. If that statement stood alone it would startle the world and would mean a veritable revolution for Italy. But it is to be qualified. Mussolini has re- signed seven of his eight cabinet port- 1,00 T8¢ 50 ernment. He must have the detalls of administration at his fingertips. When i THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1999, THIS AND THAT that the Jews account for only 3.58 per cent of the Union's population, he took over the eight cabinet offices | their cultural and economic importance he was merely extending his energles | in the country, as all the world knows, specifically to & broader field of detail. He was not merely & “rubber stamp” minister of the departments over which he presided. He actually served as minister in each of them, doing in fact eight men's work at once. Of course, he had capable assistance. He kept changing his aides in the subordi- nate positions until he finally found the combination he was seeking. Now he applies that combination in the most sweeping reorganization ever effected in any government short of an absolute change of political control. ‘There is nothing in this move to sug- gest that Mussolini is failing in either power or confidence- Nor is there any- thing to guarantee that if the combi- nation that he has now worked out in the new personnel of administration proves unsatisfactory he will not himself resume command of the departments he has just relinquished. The fact is that Mussolini is not to be gauged by any ordinary standards. He has proved to be a law unto himself. He is a unique figure in world history. ) The High Cost of Asiatic War. A factor of importance in the Russo- Chinese situation in Manchuria, re- garding the likelihood of war between the two countries, is the financial con- dition of China, which at present is unfavorable to any extensive military operation. The Nationalist government, headquartered at Nanking, is “in the market” for loans for the maintenance of administrative work, in execution of elaborate plans of improvement and de- velopment. Nobody precisely knows how much money is required for educa- tional and engineering works, but the total sum involved in the projects that have been adopted in principle and somewhat in detail by the Nanking government runs into scores of millions. A commission of experts, headed by an American, is now at work on a general fiscal system, the completion of which is & matter of several months and the adoption and execution of which must be considered as relating to 1931 or 1932, at the earliest. In the absence of a definitely respon- sible government system, with a repre- sentative assembly or congress, the Nanking administration of China car- ries on with little publicity regarding details and especially in the matter of finance. Nobody precisely knows the state of the treasury. But from time to time the Chinese national authorities propose foreign loans to eke out the variable revenues of the state. The most recent pyoposal of this kind was for $70,000,000, with no offers, it would seem, from any source. A Chinese bond issue is not eagerly sought by investors, being regarded as a highly speculative proposition. ‘War with Russia over the Manchurian affair would cost enormously. It would have to be on a large scale, involving the employment of several hundred thousand troops. A considerable frac- tion of the forces would probably come from Manchuria itself, the army of Marshal Chang Hsieuh-Liang, son of Chang Tso-Lin, who was assassinated about eighteen months ago. The “Young General,” as he is called, has under his command theoretically about 250,000 men, but whether he would finance this force is a question—perhaps one of the most important questions now being considered by the Nanking gov- ernment in its contemplation of the possibility of war. The “Young Gen- eral” may thus hold the balance of power regarding the war situation. He has not the energy and enterprise of his father, who held sway at Peking for a considerable period and was a veritable “war lord” as well as a highly capable statesman. If Nanking should by dalliance with folios in the Italian government. He retains one. Therein lies the difference between a sensation and a common- place. Mussolini remains premier of Italy, yemains minister of the interior, re- mains the government, in fact, although he relinquishes seven of the thirtecn positions constituting the ministry. He is still in effect dictator of Italy. He has named his successors at the head ‘o(mdmnmmuofmlmmm ‘colonies, war, marine, aviation, public works and corporations. It was, i§ is ‘muphlnad,lnotdumnndmfllhl men for those positions that he under- took the administration of the seven , additional departments. He wanted to sequaint himself with the duties so that he might know precisely the qual- ities required for their most effective discharge. That was a characteristic gesture on / the part of Il Duce. He must know at .first hand evegything pertaining.to gov- the Russian proposals for settlement of the Manchurian trouble let the situa- tion drift into a state of actual war, funds would probably be provided by extraordinary levies upon the provinces, which have been squeezed repeatedly in the past and which, despite the general poverty of the country, will always yield a considerable total of emergency funds. But such impositions are weakening and the prestige of the Nationalist govern- ment is likely to be impaired, whatever the outcome of the conflict, by any such measure. The Chinese people have no taste for war with a foreign country, having had their complete fill of strife in the course of civil wars for many years. —_———— Citizens along the Rockville Pike fear that one of the world's most beautiful boulevards may be hindered by com- mercial development. Commercial de- velopment operates in its own peculiar way. It has compelled recognition of the New York skyline as a thing of original and peculiar beauty. The mod- ernistic ax, dote on it. It has been asserted by Dr. Eckener that Washington, D. C., should be one of the world’s greatest airports. The idea is not new. If Dr. Eckener can put it across he will be entitled to & banquet, with every citizens’ associa- tion as a liberal subscriber. ————— A Great Jewish Leader. In the death at Zurich of Louis Mar- shall, American Jewry and the Nation at large lose a distinguished leader, and the bar of the United States one of its genuine adornments. At seventy-two, this venerable but unquenchably virile native of New York State was at the zenith of his mental power, and, until suddenly stricken in Switzerland, seemed destined for many more years of fruit- ful activity. Mr. Marshall v. 1t, as he must always have longed to do, in harness; for on the eve of his fatal fiiness he played a conspicuous role in one of the most ambitious tasks ever undertaken by the Jews of the world, far outstrips that slender numerical aspect. Louis Marshall stood for the best in American life, as he conspicuously typified the best in Jewish character. He was a tireless and brilliant expo- nent of the United States Constitution. He was a fearless defender of his faith and a relentless foe of its aspersers. Uncompromisingly Jewish in his loyalty to his creed and his ancestry, Louls Marshall was no less unflagging in his high-spirited Americanism, and the Republic is the poorer for his passing. Hold-ups With Deadly Weapons. ‘Three young men last evening went into a grocery store in Anacostia and one of them, with & pistol in his hand, commanded the proprietor to hand over his cash. The latter hesitated, and told the pistol bearer to put down his gun, whereupon the young bandit fired with fatal effect. Prompt and effective police work resulted in the immediate arrest of two of the trio and soon thereafter the arrest of the third. Confessions are said to have been obtained from them. Here is a typical case of hold-up by amateurs. Scores of these tragedies are being enacted constantly throughout the country. The gangsters probably in most cases do not actually intend to take life. They arm themselves with deadly weapons because that is the mode. Yet they are potential slayers in every case, whether they fire or not. Some years ago a veritable epidemic of burglary prevailed in this country, robberies by night in dwelling houses becoming so common as to cause almost. a state of panic on the part of house- holders. In some instances the burglars, disturbed at their work, fired and took life, So common were these tragedies that a demand was made for the re- vision of the laws to the effect of constituting burglarious entry with a deadly weapon a capital offense, whether life was taken or not. Laws to. that effect were enacted in several of the States. ' In others the penalties for burglary were made much more severe than in the past. It was argued in support of the pro- posal to make burglary with a deadly weapon punishable by death regardless of happenings that the armed house- breaker by night was a potential mur- derer, ready and disposed to kill if dis- turbed in his operations. Just so the hold-up man with a gun is a potential murderer. Whether he fires or not, his possession of a deadly weapon puts him into the class with the burglar prowling about the premises with & gun in his hand or within reach ready for use. After a period of leniency in the making and application of the criminal laws, with the result of an increase of crime in this country, a movement is under way for the stiffening of penalties, In New York State, par- ticularly, this reform in the interest of public security has been carried far. In some States the presentation of a pistol with a demand for the delivery of goods under a direct or implied threat of death in case of refusal has been rated as tantamount to assault with intent to kill if not to murder itself. This latest crime, punishment for which should be swiftly imposed, sug- gests that the District law should be amended to make a hold-up demand for goods with a deadly weapon sub- ject upon conviction to the death penalty, even though the weapon is not discharged. e All the circuses worth having are un- der the control of the Ringlings. It will require considerably more than a three-ringer to enable all the available circus talent to “strut its stuff.” ———r——————— Time flles. Another presidential campaign, as usual, threatens to arrive before all the ideals of the current administration have been thoroughly tested out. —— e The outspoken naval man is still pre- pared to assert himself as a militant power in time of peace as well as in time of war. e it A large family entitles Mussolini to the hope that when his power lapses there will be another Mussolini to take his place. ‘Theaters in Washington, D. C., wait while, in some instances, realtors decide whether there shall be any theater. —— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Dilemma. If you publicity attempt, Your fate is insecure, Because you'll not be deemed exempt From censure swift and sure. For, if you praise in earnest pride ©Or blame in language free, You must on one or tother side A “propagandist” be. Political Talkles. «You have made some talks that must e long remembered.” “Those are the talks that embarrass me,” sald Senator Sorghum. “The best talks are those which may be easily forgotten and leave you free to change your mind.” Jud Tunkins says a gunman who is satisfled to work all day to hit a squirrel is to be congratulated. His shooting may not amount to much. At least it enables him to keep out of the penitentiary. Interruption to Gayety. The same old grind of life goes by, ‘While we endeavor to relax, We figure carefully and try Once more to meet the Income Tax. Please Call at Police Station. “What did the traffic cop say to you?” “Nothing,” answered Mr. Chuggins. “He was very formal and merely handed me a card of invitation to call at the police station.” “A dollar gits smaller,” sald Uncle sons. Though that estimate by the Eben. “An’ dat's harmonious. So does BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ‘Another interesting seaside bookstore was hidden away along a side street some blocks back from the busy ocean front and boardwalk. It was, as we recall it, hidden in a figurative sense only. As a matter of fact, its tiny show window breasted the sidewalk. The size of the place, however, made it inconspicuous, and the smallness of the show window attracted little, if any, attention, except from dyed-in-the- world booklovers who chanced to go that way. 3 These were drawn to the store by a certain air of modesty which every proper bookshop should possess, It does not do for a bookstore to be boastful. Other kinds of stores may put on bold fronts, flaunt their wares from gaudy colors, clamor for attention with buz- zers and tissue-paper ribbons waved by electric fans or enforce the eyes of the purchasers by cardboard pretty girls al- most as big as life. A bookstore, one would insist, has neither need nor right to use such de- vices. Knowledge is modest; it is never puffed up with itself; it keeps its own place. And all books, no matter how frivolous, display some sort of knowl- edge. There is not a book extant that one cannot learn something from, if no more than how silly or how indecent or_how moody mankind can be. The “go-getter” attitude is not seemly in a bookshop. The booklover likes rather the demure store, the bashful 1 bookshop, the quiet, gentle place where a garden of books grows beneath a warm culture of friendly appreciation from seller and purchaser. ‘Thus the right kind of bookstore is al- ways something more than a commer- cial institution, just as its commodities must remain something more than things sold merely for the sake of the return. The hopes and dreams of hu- manity are in books,, which are symbols of advancing clvilization. In saying this no disparagement is meant, either ex- plicit ar fmpliad, of any other business. Every bmsiness has its good point; this is the good Ong of ll;e book business. * ok * ‘The seaside city in which our pleas- antly remembered shop stood was no ephemeral town, growing suddenly every Summer, to go back to a mere handful of citizens during the Winter. No, this place was (and still is) a fine town, a real town, or small city, if one prefers, with its own problems as a permanent place of residence. It extended for blocks behind the board- walk, and over the entire city the great sea breeze blew cool and fresh. It never blew as strong on the back streets as up on the beach. Ocean breezes lose much of their vigor from plowing through congested districts. Yet there was enough of it left by the time it got back to the railroad -station and the post office to freshen life. Back there the people were tanned, too, as much as any of the visitors, who scarcely ever left the beach front. There were flower girls, newsgirls, bear- ing bright blossoms in baskets, and men and women going about the nor- mal tasks of everyday life. It was from these people, not from the vacationists, that the small book- shop derived its revenues. Yet no doubt many a visitor found the place, be- cause there seems to be a magnetic quality in such things. Sometimes it seems that the genuine book “fan” loves his dearly beloved volumes the most when others might expect him to forget them. Thus word comes that Comdr. Byrd and his men ‘There are so many ways by which the “doctors” of humanity would cure the evils that flesh—or rather mind—is heir to! Theories and announcements of new “discoveries” are abroad in the I 1and, now that school has reopened for [ the training of youth in the way it should go. I do not recall who was the author of the famous prescription sent to a bride on how to train a husband, but it has never been gainsaid in its wisdom. When she wrote for directions the an- swer came back promptly, “Feed the brute.” Dapper Dan, “King of the Hoboes,” introduced and successfully passed the following resolution at last week’s con- vention of hoboes in New York City: “Empty stomachs make full jails; fill up });flpls'l stomachs and you'll empty the 8.” In the same line, now, comes the an- nouncement from the Salvation Army that malnutrition, rather than drink, is what causes crime. Yet the modern craze of women to “rpduce” by semi- starvation suggests ti possible con- spiracy of femininity to go upon a ram- page of wild crime, and the best way to counteract it would be to corral them all and dose them between meals with cream and beefsteak. “Feed the brutesses!” That will reduce avoirdu- pois, induce suavity and allay ferocity. Wasn'’t Caesar the first dietitian to pre- scribe this menu: “Et tu, Brute?” What had he “et”? P ‘While in the United States the growth of crime is alarming, in England it is claimed that crime has decreased 76 per cent in the last 20 years. Why? British tea and marmalade? Mr. E. Roy Calvert, a British penol- ogist, modifies that statement by saying that actual crime has not decreased, but the number of persons sent to prison has lessened from 100,000 a year in 1913 to 45,000 now. He attributes this result ly to the probation act of 1908, which enables judges to put first offenders, under 21 years of age, on probation, with a sus- pended sentence not to be enforced un- less there is a second offense. He denies that British justice wins its success by severity; it is.due to promptness in ex- ecution, rather than to harshness. “It is the certainty of punishment, and not the type of punishment, which makes British justice ‘severe,’” he declares. For young offenders there are, in place of “prisons,” what are known as Borstal Institutions, and youths are sent there for any crimes except murder, and must remain there three years—not for punishment _alone, but rather for the influences of reform. It is not reported whether the reforming influences in- clude first-class ration. ‘The modern anced and adequate ration will offset the evil influences of inf ts may be sound doctrine; so many things are being “discovered” nowadays that it oo, fo dlspute thein, bt 1 react! m, esent writer there re- year-old boy murderer upon a scaf- fold. He had been only 18 years old when he quarreled with a fellow dancer at a saloon ball, lay in wait for him out- side, intoxicated, and stabbed him to | inal. to be selfish and cold. enjoy many hours of reading at the South polar regions. Roaming away from the beach, the booklover strolled along the back streets, in search of that local color which is always of supreme interest to those who love life. And, as he walked, he passed the shop, with its tiny window, and he saw the-single row of books on display there. There was no attempt in that window to some one late “best seller.” Books were books, with this owner; he put them on display, and left the rest with God. . * %k X * The single row of books in the win- dow were part of an excellent series of cheap books put out by & publisher some years ago. They antedated the present vogue for moderate priced books. They were, if we recall rightly, among the first books to be bound in a kind of artificial leather. The one drawback to this type of binding was its adhesive qualities. If placed in a bookcase the covers were inclined stick to the books on either side. Aside from this slight physical blem- ish, the books were nicely put up, with good paper, type and spacing. The titles of the authors represented many of the best classics, as they are usually and rightly called. Darwin, Spencer, Dickens. Thackeray were a few of the authors, ‘The English philosopher’s work on “Education” was the book chosen. It gave a definite sense of being true to one's self—that is, a booklover must have a book, even at the seashore. The sea was greener, the sky bluer, the sun brighter, all because of that little book in hand. What if advancing pedagogy had made much of Spencer’s book trite? The truisms enunciated there are eternal. Every one interested in education has to start somewhere, and he cannot do it with Dewey. Spencer’s “Education” i¥ much better, for it furnishes a firm bass for further research. Its primary emphasis on physical education is seconded in every home in the United States where there are children. It must be remembered that in the author's gemgration he struck & new note. Every reader will get a saner view of life through the reading or rereading of this small work, easily read because it is not too weighty. Its reading in a few days of one Summer at the sea- shore proved one of the most enjoyable features of one vacation. ‘What was true of that book at that time might prove true of any book at any time. This is one of the great points of books, that they wait patient- 1y for their readers. They'wait in vast libraries, in little seaside bookstores, in rows in general stores in country towns, in “swell” shops of sophisticated cities. On their shelves they wait until the reader for them comes along. And then 1t makes no difference in the world that the latest “best seller” clamors for his attention. He passes it by blandly, and puts down his money for the old neg- lected work. He takes it away with him, to read while sitting on the end of a great pier, if he is so fortunate as to be at the seashore at the time. Women hurry by him with boxes of saltwater tafly, but he would not trade with them. He has something better than quick- ly vanishing taffy, something more lasting than the huge glyly striped rubber balls which the children toss on the beach. He has a fresh specimen of the human mind and heart, neatly gathered in covers for his inspection at leisure. He got it from a small book- shop hidden away down a side street in a seaside town. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. pressions, to the “drink and bad com- pany” which h:fl brought them there. * ko President Hoover is seeking to find some method for stimulating sentiment for law enforcement. He does not ap- pear to be working along the lines advocated some years ago by a distin- guished mayor of Toledo, Mr. Brand Whitlock—later Minister to Belgium— for Mr. Whitlock outlined his policy as one that did not undertake to en- force all statutes, but to seek to find the causes of evils and try to remedy them —which is not generally thought to be the peculiar duty of an executive sworn to enforce laws adopted by the legis- lative branch o: q‘ov:rn:nent. Today we murder nearly 1,000 Amer- jcans a month. It is not believed to rest upon the President nor a gov- ernor to investigate the provocations of those tragedies, but rather for the officers of the police to apprehend the criminals and for the courts to exe- cute the statutes made and provided against their offenses; there are other influences better adapted to carrying on uplift and reform—mostly private citizens, such as teachers, parents, church workers and neighbors, Private citizens cannot shirk their individual responsibility in that sort of influences, nor assume that police and executive officials will undertake, or can under- take, the inculcation of good citizen- 1deals. sy * X % % The shame of America is its erime record—the most shameful of any race in the world. In proportion to popu- lation, we murder twice as many as does Italy, yet we taunt Italy with its Mafla. We kill eight times as many as are murdered in “turbulent Ireland,™ and nine times as many as are slain in England and Wales. We murdered 50 per cent more in 1924 than we did in 1921, so that the folly of excusing our lawlessness by attributing it to the effect of the World War is demonstrably false, since the same dges u:mctseem to npg{ to our allles, and, the farther we the bloody war, the bloodier in peace. There was no such orgy of violence following our Civil War, nor during the World ‘War. * % * % Prance has a tion, roughly compared, about & of ours. In 1912 France counted 674 murders, and in 1919—immediately on the heels of her war tragedy—she had only 399 mur- ders, while we scored some 11,000. A statisticlan has pointed out that in 1885 there was 1 execution to each 16.7 murders in the United States, while in 1904 there was 1 out of 72 murders, and in 1918 1 execution out of each 90 murders. In 1920 the district attorn of New York City investigated 679 homi-~ cides and found that, of the total, there ‘was only one con of murder in first degree. Another writer found that 10 murders in Londop there were 160 in New York City; Lendon hanged 7 of her 10, while in New York only 1 of nt;he 160 was executed. Chicago six_pol dbndlnl.lmo(dlft‘;w for each len are mur- one murderer Americans have to lack ideals and len'.hnmm'lutm On '.:e contrary, are the slightly more than 4,500,000. British Responsible For Jewish Hom. 'roym Editor of The Btar: e our able editorial in issue September 5 on the "Muc'e‘rmnt.h ‘l’n’ lestine” appeals to the writer as a most iflluminating summary of that clx:;u::;mn:} mt:les" and as a con- erica’s """;,hflfi ol 's interest in that le 1o one doubts Great Britain’s present intention to Yulfill its plain duty with regard to the mandate and the Balfour declaration, in spite of Baron Beaverbrook’s blatant cry, “Let's get out of Palestine!” it is “equally clear that the atrocious acts of the blood- thirsty savages in Palestine were the re- sult of the vacillating and muddling policies of the British administration there and that the blood of the inno- f‘ms vt:nttmsd of ‘zh-t orgy is on_the conscience s Ah;;stmmmen‘ es of Great Brit othing can dim the gl and the achievements of the nobls ?r{d perilous enterprise that is being enacted in Pal- estine by the Jews, but to make undemking the success it deserves to be, in the face of the Arab's murderous character, his religlous frenzy and sav- agery, the Jews need, and are entitled to, the vigilant protection and assured to | security of the nation at whose invi- tation and sacred pledge they are there. The British mandate over Palestine enabled the Balfour declaration to be- come a concrete reality some six years ago. Under the generous fostering of leading Jews in America and Europe farm and orchard settlements now dot the maritime plain along the Mediter- ranean and in the hills around the Sea of Galilee. The great city of Tel Aviv was built, adding greatly to the Jewish homes and industries of Jerusalem and Haifa. Large areas of swampland were purchased and drained by Jews, and, as a result, Jewish farm colonies in Pal- estine are as modern as those in Con- necticut, while alongside are the farms of the Fellaheen, who live in window- less mud or stone huts and who still plow with a crooked stick and thresh grain with the tramping feet of camels | fia; or donkeys. A great Hebrew university was erected on Mount Scopus. Hospi- tals and clinics were built and equip- ped by the generosity of an American Jew for the benefit of Jew and Arab alike. Another American is now en- gaged in developing electrical power and constructing the harbor in Jaffa. All this has been accomplished in the last five or six years and has earned for the Jew’s aspiration the good will of every civilized nation, and they will not permit a pack of mad dogs to de- stroy the foundations of this magnifi- cent structure. ‘The United States Government has been most favorable to the establish. ment of the Jewish homeland in Pales- tine, and the climax was reached in 1922, when both houses of Congress unanimously passed the Lodge-Fish resolution approving the terms of the mandate under which Palestine was awarded to Great Britain. President Wilson gave tremendous impetus to the Balfour declaration, and both Presi- dents Harding and Coolidge expressed their sympathy with the rebuilding of Palestine by the jews, in state papers. President Hoover in a recent declara- tion not only expressed his deep inter- est in the future of Palestine, but his belief that the Jewish homeland offers remarkable opportunities for the de- velopment of Jewish creative power. A number of harmless American boys were ruthlessly slain by Arabian cut-throats a few days ago. There are some 2,000 American citizens resident in Palestine. A considerable amount of American money is invested there. The United States Government is clearly entitled to know what led up to the taking of American life and to the jeopardy of many American citizens. The Jew is entitled to build anew on the ruins of his temple and the wreck- age that was once the home of his fathers, and it is the obligation of Great Britain as the mandatory power to safeguard him in his rights. CHARLES W. PAFFLOW. Air Terminal Held Need in Washington To_the Editor of The Star: Your editorial on the need of a suit- able airport for Washington is timely. ‘The writer spent last month in Cleve- land, designing the administration building for the national air races and assisting in the preparation of the air- as a member of the air race staff, and can bear testimony to the necessity for and the advantages of an air ter- winal for the District. Cleveland is essentially a commercial and an industrial center, which the National Capital is not. Whatever else may be written about the Cleveland Airport and the national air races, both the airport and the aviation classic are brought into being by a commercial and an industrial demand—that is to say, when the Chamber of Commerce of Cleveland, urged on by the various interests of that city, determines that an airport is needed, that politically en- franchised municipality proceeds vigor- ously to gather together the ways and means and builds an air terminal that ranks with the model airports of the N"%“k‘\,n technical kn e cal owledge necessary for the building of a desirable airport m Washington is not lacking. The local District ineer's office has had at least one suitable plan drawn up that would give the Capital an airport commensurate with the importance and the dignity of the whole area. ‘Whenever the legislative or com- mercial powers-that-be, which, in Washington, must correspond to the aggressive industrial spirit of a city like Cleveland, decide among themselves that the Capital should acquire an air- port worthy of itself, then the dirt will fly at Gravelly Point or some other suitable locality and a fleld, hangars, shops and ns will rear themselves along with the parkways, boulevards, ornate bridges and other projects that, from time to time, greet the eyes of the returning traveler who makes Wash- ington his home. STEWART BLACKMAN. Chicago Acts to Untie - 1950 Traffic Knots From the Columbus Ohio State Journal. With an eye to traffic conditions in 1‘9535 t.h:tchl Ilp!:n tem of > ) g out a municipal sys! of super- highways. One item in this scheme is the city’s outer drive. another is the system of lake front Loulevards, and still another is a project for an elevated express motor way. The last named is to_cost $20,000,000. In 1910 Chicago had fewer than 13- 000 automobiles. Last year it had ap- proximately 430,000. By 1950 it is pre- dicted that the city will have 900,000 sutomobiles, as against a population of ‘The con- struction program contemplated will require 20 years to complete snd the be needed as rapidly as they can be completed, in the estimation of engineers. What is taking place in Chicago is largely true of every other city in the country. Any municipality which faces @ traffic problem today cannot shut its eyes to the fact that that problem will be multiplied as time goes on. this | consists of nearly 125 acres. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ‘This newspaper its at your dis- posal a corps of tral researchers in Washington who will answer questions for you. They have access to the Gov- ernment departments, the libraries, mu- seums, galleries and public buildings and to the numerous associations which maintain headquarters in the Nation’s Capital. If they can be of assistance to you, write your question plainly and send, with 2 cents in coin or stamps, to ‘The Evening Star, Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washing- ton, D. C. Q. How much ground is needed for a golf course?—J. R. M. A. The size of a golf course is gov- erned by the number of holes. For instance, a 9-hole course usually con- sists of 70 acres, while an 18-hole course However, this depends a great deal on the con- tour of the ground. If the ground is very rolling, wooded and has many bushes on it, it will be necessary for it to be larger. Q. How large is the Sinclair Consoli- dated Oil Corporation?—L. 8. T. A. The capital stock of the Sinclair Consolidated Oil Corporation is $115,- 500,000. The net working capital in 1928 was $82,248,552. Q. What is the duty on a pedigreed dog?—H. J. B. A. There is no duty on pure-bred dogs or on dogs brought into this coun- try for breeding purposes. Q. When camping we boil water and find that it has a flat_taste. Is there any remedy for this?—E. N. A. This may be remedied by pouring the water from one vessel into another a number of times, which procedure permits the water to aerate itself. How- ever, even if the water has a slightly t taste, you will be assured that it is safe to drink. Q How much electricity is there in a single flash of lightning?—K. S. R. A, The Weather Bureau says that the electricity in a single flash of light- ning varies greatly. The largest amount of which the bureau has any approxi- mate measurement was the equivalent, roughly, of 100,000 amperes for 0.01 sec- ond, or 1,000 amperes for 1 second. Probably the average discharge is of the order of one-fiftieth of this amount. Q. Were Elinor Wylie and Nancy Hoyt related?—O. L. V. A. Nancy Hoyt and the late Elinor ‘Wylie were sisters. Q. How does the United States com- pare with Argentina in the production of corn?—L. P. A. The estimated crop of corn in the United States last year was 2,900,000,000 bushels, while Argentina, our greatest competitor in the corn market, raised 306,000,000 bushels. Q. What countries use narrow-gauge equipment for railways?—cC. McN. A. Narrow-gauge railroads are oper- ated in the followin localities: Saxony, Germany; New South Wales, Queens- land, West Australia, New Zealand, India, South Africa, Egypt and Japan. Q. What is the value of the poultry business of the United States?—P. N. A. The Poultry Item says that the raising of poultry and poultry products may well be considersd a billion-dollar industry. Q. Who wrote the melodrama, “After Dark,” which is having such a success- ful revival?—A. G. F. A. Dion Boucicault was the author of “After Dark,” which was revived by Christopher Morley. A tablet com- memorating the career of this play- wright was dedicated recently at the Rialto Theater in Hoboken. The in- scription bears these words: “In mem- ory of Dion Boucicault, Dublin, 1822; New York, 1890. His melodrama ‘After Dark’ revived here December 10, 1928, brought an old theatre back to life and restored a fine tradition of the j stage.” Q. What is the name of the gam- ll):llng ggme played at Monte Carlo?— "A. Other games are played at Monte Carlo, but the most popular gambling gnr'nu are roulette and trente et quar- ante, Q. What is the principal use of Chi- nese tung oil>—F. R. A. This oll is used in shellac and other fast-drying varnishes; also in the manufacture of porcelain. For centu- L ries China has had a monopoly on this product, as well as the secret knowleuge of using it, bu. this country has not only learned how to use the oil but also how to grow the tree which produces the nuts from which the ol is obtained. Q. In what city is there a monument to school children?—R. D. A. Such a monument is in Baltimore, The sculptor is Ernest Wise Keyes. Q. Why are new soldiers called rook- les?—C. V. A. Two explanations are suggested— one, that they are so named from the term “rookery,” which, in English mili- tary slang, refers to the quarters in the barracks occupied by subalterns; the other, that it is the shortening of the word “recruits,” to which the term is applied. Q. How far is it from Battery Park, New York City, to St. George, Staten Island?—F. S. A. The nearest points are those touched by the ferries, and the dis- tance is 4% miles. Q. How did ancient cities of Pales- tine become buried?—A. J. Y. A. Palestine is adjacent to the great desert and is subject to violent wind- storms. The desert sand is driven over Palestine and through the centuries many of the cities have become covered. Q. Please give the length and width of London Bridge.—L. D, A. Old London Bridge, begun in 1170, was completed in 1209. It car- ried a row of timber houses, which were frequently burned down, but the main structure existed until the beginning of the nineteenth century. The old bridge was the center for booksellers and other tradesmen. On it stood the Chapel of St. Thomas of Canterbury and a tower on which the heads of traitors were ex- posed to view. The present London Bridge was begun in 1824 and com- pleted in 1831. Tt is borne on five gran- ite arches, is 928 feet long, 65 feet wide and 56 feet above the river. Q. Is air mail used to any extent b; bankers?>—L. B. Y 4 A. According to the United States Banker it is estimated that $24,000,000 a day in checks, drafts, interest-bearing securities and banking papers is trans- ported daily over the air network to and from New York’s financial district, and that the total amount of interest-bear- ing paper which will be handled by air majl and express this year will run be- tween eight and nine million dollars. Q. Is there an_organization of hay fever sufferers?—P. S. A. Hay fever sufferers of the United States and Canada have an organization which convened recently at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. 1t is called the “Ka-Choo Club” and Joseph Neil of Port Deposit, Md., is president. Q. Is the grave of Buffalo Bill deeper than the average?—E. D. D. » A. Fearing that Buffalo Bill might be moved, citizens of Denver made the grave of the great scout and his wife 16 feet deep, put over it a mat of gal- vanized wire, 10 inches thick, and cov- ered that with concrete. Q. 1Is the author of “The Face on the Barroom Floor” living?—D. D. A. John Henry Titus, who wrote “The Face on the Barroom Floor” in 1872, is still living and recently spoke over the radio. He is now 83 years old. Q. Why is Helen Wills referred to as "L““’i'hil;akelr) Face”?—K. J. A. sobriquet is applied to Miss Wills because of the serene austerity of her features. Q. Please give a brief resume Lowell Thomas’ activities—W. R. H. A. Lowell Thomas, world traveler, author and lecturer, was born in Ohio, April 6, 1892. Recelving degrees from several universities, he became a re- porter and subsequently a college pro- fessor. Recently he has undertaken the Burt Massee-Lowell Thomas Carib- bean Expedition, the object of which is to obtain specimens of rare land and sea birds, to explore the Caribbean and to acquire specimens for the American Museum of Natural History. A few of the outstanding achievements of Mr, Lowell are: His appointment by former President Wilson to prepare the hise torical record of the World War, his ap- pointment as historian of the Palestine Campaign and Arabian Revolution, and his work as historian of the first world of flight. While the suggestion from Aristide Briand, French statesman, that Euro- nations should form a federation believed to be visionary, many Americans look upon the move as a suggestion of needed measures to meet American economic rivalry. It is even conceded that necessity may force a rcllng of interests, although national- tic obstacles of a serious nature are found. “We may none of us be alive to see 1t,” says the St. Louis Times, “but the day will come when there will be a United States of Europe. France has statesmen with vision enough to sug- gest and perhaps create such a pro- gram. Germany and other European countries may not take kindly to it at first, fearing the ambitions of French statesmen, but some day a leader or leaders, will arise strong enough to magnetize and attract the scattered na- tions of Europe, to appeal to the imag- ination of great statesmen, and in the end to join the powers of the European continent in a league which shall for all time foster a more perfect govern=- ment and international ony.” “There is little in the history of Europe,” according to the Ottawa Jour- nal, “to suggest that such a confeder- ation would work. The story of the Austrian Empire, the record of the Ger- man me long, somber annals of the hese surely discourage the idea. * > Mr. Briand's pro- Yufl embodies a great ideal. Some day t will be realized; but not yet. Not until civilization has progressed far be- yond the present, not until the fires of nationalism have burned low and the old hates and fears and jealousies have perished out of Europe.” The New Orleans Times-Picayune believes “its realization probably is yet a great way off,” but points out that “the interest displayed by the European delegates to the Assembly of the League of Nations and their readiness to enter upon its_discussion indicate that the spirit of harmony and conciliation may have made greater progress among the Old Werld w:-i’e‘d thmh most beholders supposed or ope.” “Under the proposed Economic Union,” as interpreted by the Atlanta Journal, “multifold European tariffs would be, if not discontinued, so modi- fled that those countries would trade with one another far more easily than now, and thus would greatly widen their common field of commercial operations and accordingly increase their capacity both to sell and to buy. The results probably would be a broader scale of , @ larger return upon indus- vestment, & more liberal wage to labor, a rising standard of living among the masses of the peo);l‘e, 8 richer meas- w"‘l’i’a‘mpemfm’ é{'z lhmn"rltl-hn e “america, Wi unity over nearly an en- the St. Paul European Union Is Accepted As Possible, but Still Remote tion which, except in matters of trade and commerce, has no designs upon or against any one of them, and despite their fear of American supremacy in world trade, all of them know that America is wholly devoid of any ag- gressive tendency.” “With America planning new tariff discriminations against Europe, naval expansion and trade competition in every one of Europe’s cherished mar- kets,” thinks the Baltimore Sun, “the Federation of Europe becomes, for Eu: ropeans, sound practical politics. * * ¢ Certain it is that we Americans who ve the world the conception of a ederation of sovereign States, can take no theoretical exception to M. Briand's remarks.” In emphasizing the force of economic necessity, the Hartford Cour- ant holds to the view that “not the least consideration which led France not merely to acquiesce in, but to champion the new reparations settlement, was its realization of the importance of main- taining amicable commercial relations with Germany.” “We believe that economic unity of Europe will go farther toward restoring and keeping world peace than any navies or diplomatic alliances could poss sibly do,” avers the Santa Barbara Daily News, while the Racine Journal-News comments: “It is a most pleasant pic- ture, with Prime Minister Briand of France preparing to arrange the can- vas and apply the brush.” The Worces« ter Telegram offers the opinion: “If national jealousies which have impeded good business and friendly relations can be eliminated, the smaller post-war European States in particular will be greatly benefited. But if the aims of the extremists who m&reil&d want to re- judgment of the Houston Chronicle, “that not only Europe itself but the United States as well would benefit greatly from a close federation of the economic activities of the teeming coun- tries of Europe. There are more than 450,000,000 persons in the countries con- cerned, all of a varying level of pros- perity. Their trade and general welfare are greatly handicapped by high tariff walls thrown around nations no larger than many American counties. If these walls were replaced by a sensible meth- od of international exchange, such as is contemplated, it is hard to ne other tltx:lm lnmlncru.u in . 'This increase It) mnmne for a mmgndouswlm in markets, w] Americans are seeking. The U: States can look with calm & federated Europe, “A powerful European allian be ln%o-Amrlun in spirit,” nylu the Cleveland News, “but an effective United States of Europe is an impos- T T and there is neither any power o nllp,nn-nymsmlzmwh” ! broken . ‘The sol of Europe is not ved, and it will be difficult to duce grea gmlpefltyo | the nations. But it will never, forward by any general Euro- concurrence intended break down the -dependent eco- ¢