Evening Star Newspaper, July 14, 1929, Page 31

{ REPUBLICAN COMMITTEE ' TO UNDERGO OVERHAULING Hoover, About to Reorganize Executive _ Machinery, Gets First Intimate Con- / BY JOHN MARRINAN. RESIDENT HOOVER is ut to overhaul the executive hil ery of the Republican nation: committee. Problems of organi- zation, of function and of effec- tiveness confront him. It is the Presi- dent’s first. intimate contact with the Po“ueu agpect of his job. How will he likely go about it? In these days of power, speed, eco- nomic preoccupation, what is becoming of our prlitical parties and of our polit- ical dership. In business, industry, finance, transportation, amusements, sporis and home life we have new yard- stigks. Are we approaching a new myasuring rod in politics? We read of- extraordinary coalitions ©of unnatural allies in State politics. ‘We observe strange bedfellows occupy- ing the same mattress in the halls of Congress. Democrats and men whose party afliation is obscure appear in a Republican cabinet. Politics Off Front Page. ‘Trained political observers dish up our politics in as appetizing newspaper fashion as ever. All the elements that ordinarily claim attention are there— struggle, strategy, stubbed political toes, intrigue, new political idealism, re- formed bosses, mysterious departures, unexpected arrivals, insurgents, dire predictions and hopeful promises—ali the winning and losing tricks in the conventional political hand. tact With Political Aspect. ends and makes the success of political organizations more to be desired than the success of government itself. in, Hoover organizations generally beer. decentralized structures. There have been few weak links. Lesser units have been able to stand on their own legs in times of stress. Per- sonal responsibility has reached down to the individual. Throughout, up and down the line, the job to be done was the thing. And when the job was done, the Hoover organization melted away without commotion and without effort, to b:aupt and perpetuate itself for other o Parties Are Instrumentalities, President Hoover regards political parties as instrumentalities devoted to the mechanics of government, means by which the po?ullr will may find ex- pression in public affairs, the cohesive agency which binds together men and women of like minds and purposes, the human device by which that competi- tion of ideas and ideals so esscntial to the republican form of government is preserved and vitalized. ‘With some politiclans this is an ut- terly impracticable concept of what a political party should be. It does not Jibe with the notions entertained by those who interpret party success in terms of jobs, favors, privilege. It puts the premium on public performance— not on private promise or persol de- livery. In sections of the country which have become inured to grafting political But somehow the stuff is unimpres- | machines it will be revolutionary doc- sive, have to get themselves re-elected, the average good political yarn today does not penetrate nor circulate in the way that once it did. It cannot eompete ‘with sports. With the average reader & good business story, a new application of science, radio, aviation, a score of general news classifications will relegate the latest political “sensation” to the unfamiliar obscurity of inside pages. Such apathy during the first few months of a new administration is ex- traordinary. What, does it mean? The Democrats and Harmony. Some few weeks ago a group of prom- inent Democrats staged a ‘“harmony” dinner here in Washington. Such har mony as was realized proceeded in the Russian motif with heavy minor effects. Gov. Al Smith, titular head of the Democratic party, did not attend. Mr. Raskob made a speech, with certain vicarious implications. But when it ‘was all over there remained a lingeruig suspicion that Gov. Smith, even within * Mis own circle, has not yet achieved the status of acclamation and that the Democratic party is without accredited leadership, On the other side of the political fence President Hoover finds it difficult to retain the unreserved allegiance of several Republicans who were outstand- ing figures in the last campaign. The President, unusually well informed about the latest thing in backbiting— and by no means imperturbable where eonflicts are involved—does not appear %0 be giving much heed to the political eonsequences of the seeming rifts which have developed in Republican ranks. Nor is there any manifest public clamor that he conform to the traditional con- ventions of party politics. “Regularity” Is Becoming Legend. ‘The tradition of party regularity, for example, seems passing to legendary status. Party discipline, too, is not what it used to be. Insurgents are not “read out” of association with the faithful, as once was the rule. . The two dominant parties are really not what they used to be. American life is rapidly becoming more complex and its reflection in ine conduct of government is becoming equally complicated. More work, larger authorities are being delegated, and there is more vital need for their intel- ligent delegation. Geography is losing its significance in party politics, It is becoming in- creasingly more difficult to reconcile within any one political fold elements which heretofore have been measurably constant in their affiliation and in their allegiance. The manufacturer no longer is an unreserved protectionist. The banking community is no longer content with assurances of ‘‘common-sense” ad- ministrations, The creditor position of the country in international finance has breathed vitality into hitherto largely academic questions of foreign policy. Farmer Is More of a Skeptic. “The farmer becomes & more confirmed political skeptic. Organized labor de- mands more than the comradeship of pedantic liberalism. It wants employ- ment, wages, savings and leisure. Or- ganized business has outgrown its con-| tent at merely being protected and otherwise left alone. It demands con- structive and promotive services from the Government. The independent voter is no longer a heretic or one lacking in conviction. He has become a respected member of the community. | It is difficult to_ integrate the con. | wventional party politics of other days into these modern specifications for government which have been crystalliz- ing with some definiteness in the last decade. Right now they make for a period of confusion in both Republican and Democratic ranks. Eventually and inevitably they must lead to new politi- cal line-ups created through the merger of harmonious elements drawn from the older parties. Meantime we are lkely to have both Republican and Democratic parties reconciled to the mere sponsorship of dominant person- alities who give promise of accomplish- ment—and without much regard to the partisan book of rules, Hoover's “Violation” of System. had an introduction to henomenon in the last now we have it pro- g further. No Republican candi- date before Mr. Hoover dared to disre- grfl the dictates of Ve Rquse. And o Republican President —~not even velt — be- fore has daréX to go shopping for pub- lic service talent without the Republi- can “Woh's Who" at hsi elbow and a select group of senatorial counselors do- ing a good deal of the picking. It might be adduced that President partisanship so tly as did the incumbent o? the | Save only with the fellows Who | trine. With the few surviving political bosses it will be fantastic. Notwit standing, the country is likely to wi ness an_experiment on these specific: tions—if such it must be called. Direction to Be Interesting. Just as soon as the Federal Farm | Board is functioning the President is likely to devote some considerable at- tention to_a reorganization of the Re- publican National Committee and its associated party agencies. It will be interesting to observe the direction in which this reorganization moves. If the President’s abilities were di- rected toward perfection of the Repub- lican organization along conventional lines, there would be much more joy among job .hunters, the flag would be given fresh political assignments and we should probably have the most vociferous and pentrating Republican ballyhoo in history. However, it ap- pears more likely that we shall have an organization devoted primarily t6 recon- clling party necessity with the Presi- dent’s established pelicv of drafting real talent for public office—one which will not so much narrate the glorious past of the Republican party as it will undertake to tell the country what is being attempted and what is being ac- complished; an organization which, without subserviency, will ascertain cur- rent public reactions to the administra- tion program, and one which will de- velop inconspicuously, though none the less effectively, those sinews so essen- tial to success in forthcoming State and national contests. Opportunity for Leadership. In the existing condition of flux and of movement in our politics there is an extraordinary opportunitv for leader- ship. No existing political institution adequately gives expression to the strong liberal tendencies manifestly striving for emergence and recognition. Many exponents of liberal thought in public life are being driven into dis- tasteful coalitions; others in rebellion drift toward radicalism: still others in surrender to numbers unhappily sacri- fice principle to expediency. No present political institution has consolidated the counter-forces of con- servatism. Visitors to our legislatures find it increasingly more difficult to differentiate between old-line publi- cans and Democrats of c nding seniority and lineage. Existing politi- cal parties comprise curiously hetero- geneous and seemingly unmiscible con. glomerations of liberalism and con- servatism. Without intended reflection on the President, it seems fair to observe that in neither party has leadership been fully accredited. In the Democratic party there remains wide open schism. In the Republican party some of the e-convention intrigues still are being ept alive, and sullenness rules certain ‘White House approval and prestige for their personal projects. Hoover Dislikes Conflicts. For President Hoover, leadership must come through accomplishment. He has set that standard for himself. In a democracy accomplishment is largely a matter of skill in compromise —results which, while falling far short of the. ide: nevertheless constantly move in that general direction. ‘The President is as nearly idealistic in many of his views and convictions regarding public affairs as it is possible for a practical engineer to be. He is impatient of compromise. He dislikes personal conflicts, He holds petty politics in contempt. He strives with almost flerce intensity to get the par- ticular job done promptly and right. ‘The demands upon a President of the United States during these times are many—some trivial, others of tran- scendent importance to the country. However, if President Hoover can fore- stall an economic pause, if he can help the farmer to help himself, if he can keep wheels turning hgiskly and men generally working, if he can persuade the country to replace a few rotting timbers here and there in our domestic structure arid promote good will abroad without sacrifice of principle, he need not concern himself greatly it the immediate future of the Republican party. And the Republican party, for the time being at least, need not worry much about its leadersiip. Hillsides in France Are Ravaged by Fire Eyesores on the Mediterranean Coast of France are the ravaged hillsides with black skeletons of trees burned in forest fires. Wooded land devastated Hoover is skillfully taking advantage of { by fire each year averages 100,000 acres. the inherent weaknesses and disaffec- tions in Republican and Democratic or- ganizaticns to create a political struc- ture of his own. Plausible whispers of this already are heard in circles given to political eynicism. Moreover, it is «quite possible that the Republican party will in time become somewhat Hoover- ized. But if this transpires, it will not in consequence of mfiul manipu- be real not through tions of pa- enme | I} 1 Now the authorities have issued or- ders fot the protection of the remainin trees which will have some effect unt! more scientific measures are used to prevent and check forest fires. During thé months of June, July, August and September it is forbidden to light fires no land clearing by means of fire is al- lowed within 400 yards. Still, very hot Summers offer little hope for the preservation of trees, as pine needles warmed by the sun flame ved not through | Up like matches Impressions of President. It may be illuminating to give some impressions of the mn{l upon his attitude toward the bilities of political leadership. No man has had broader experience with the power of organized effort than has Mr. Hoover, As an organizer and adminis- trator he beyond question. Mr. Hoover has never permitted the organization to become more important than the project it was created to execute. With him organ- fective means to end. He Mourn! bearing | by a black hat and responsi- | postwar Poles Strictly Observe Mourning Traditions Polish tradition is very strict as re- gards mourning, at'least in the case of ‘women. is ified above all gentlemen who have failed to obtain| Ol within 200 yards of forested areas, and | Un! Better Half of Britain Unprecedented Number of Women Elected to Parliament—One of Them Discusses Present Conditions BY MARY AGNES HAMILTON, M. P. TATEMENTS about women, multi- farious and various as they are, have this in common: there are 50 many women that none of the things ~said about them can really be tested scientifically or checked. The little fact that women are half— in Britain at the moment rather more than half—the human race, means that, at worst, some woman can always be produced to justify any sweeping gen- eralization made about “the sex.” Nevertheless, after an election which was described in advance, very freely, both in the press and on the platform, as the “women’s election,” few among those so fluent in prophecy before the event are ready to analyze it now from that point of view. True, here and there, one meets naive journalist who commits himself to the view that “women did not vote for candidates of their own sex"—although any member of Parllament elected was bound to have been chosen by the votes of both sexes, unless the women voted en bloc for him or her. No serious person be- lieves now that they did anything of the kind. Of course, it passes the wit of man to dissect the votes, once they are cast. There is no machinery in the hands of returning officer, counter or scruti- nize which enables any human being to tell us how, in fact, the’ woman in nnf given constituency did vote. Of well over 1,700 candidates 615 have been returned; of under 70 woman can- didates, 14. On the face of it, that suggests that, while the chance of a candidate of unspecified sex was one | in three, the chance for a woman can- | didate was only one in five. Parties Guard Rights. But before that arithmetic can be allowed to pass, & much more careful analysis of constituencies is required. In Britain the control of the national fnrty organizations over the local se- lection of nominees is, except when a bye election is being fought, very slight. Local parties have matters well in their own hands, and guard their rights jeal- ously. There is effective democracy on this point—they can choose whom they like; the candidate is not required to be a resident of the place he or she seeks to represent, and, even before 1929, she—if she is a_she—could, as the case of Miss Jennie Lee proves, be be- low the age 2t which she would be qualified to vote. All that can be said is that. broadly speaking, constituencies in which suc- cess is thought to be possible still de- mand rather higher qualifications of one sort or another—it may be intel- lectual, it may be financial—of a wom- an they do of a man, Further, a relatively large proportion of woman candidates, of all three partles, was to be found in constituencies in which the local executive was glad to get hold of some one prepared to win spurs by tak- ing on what is called a “propaganda fight.” Seven Women Come Back. For these reasons it is not possible to infer much about the mentality of the electorate, whether male or female, from the fact that in 1929 there are 14 women M. P.’s as against 10 at the dissolution. Of the eight sitting woman members who contested in May, seven have come back. Mrs. Philipson (Tdfy) and Mrs. Dalton (Labor) did not run; Mrs. Runciman (Liberal) lost her seat. The veteran seven have been joined by seven recruits, five of whom belong to the Labor party. One is an Independ- ent and one is a Liberal. Thus, out of the 14 women, nine now belong to the | ;THEY DON'T EXPECT MUCH FOR THEMSELV ES, BUT WANT SOME- THING BETTER FOR THEIR CHILDREN. (Drawn for The Sunday Btar by Harve Stein.) first general election in our country in as men. Astonishing, now, to look back on the years of the struggle for emanci- pation and recall the disasters that were predicted as coming on a benighted land if women ever . . . and com- pare that with the eager fluttering about the woman voter that went on for months before the election actually took place. Most of that fluttering was, in point of fact, singularly ignorant of the ob- Ject fluttered around. For example, it was the so-called “flapper” element | tributed, free, which was got up to look | SPent a good deal of time’in the town, among women to which attention was mainly addressed—by the Conservative and Liberal press, at any rate. And— a fact often forgotten, but important to remember—this Conservative-Liberal press is, to all intents and purposes, the | lected for their youth and their looks | but I doubt whether it gained me press of Great Britain. Labor with its | (two of the originals have been de- | manv. 8,000,000 voters has, even now that it -feated at the polls); the editorial mat- | is the government, but one daily (the |ter was about silk stockings, love and | . London Daily Herald), one friendly | matrimony, the beautiful houses built | haps give me a vote—but the middle Sunday paper (Reynolds), and a couple | by the government and the follies of | of weeklies (one of them in Glasgow) out of the long list of newspaper organs, London and provincial, which attempt to mold opinion, and from Labor party and will sit behind the which persons outside Great Britain government front bench. are bound to draw their impression of ‘The May election was, of course, the | public opinion here. The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended July 13: * % % * BRITISH COMMONWEALTH NATIONS—On July 9, with the aid of the Liberals, the new Labor govern- ment won, 340 to 220, its first division in the House of Commons. It isn't clear from the dispatches just what form the resolution took, but apparently it, in effect, proposed approval of what is known as “the new imperialism,” espoused by the Conservatives and con- templating full realization of the prin- ciple of imperial preference and erec- tion of common protective barriers for the British Commonwealth of Nations against the rest. of the world. Obviously, the resolution was only a feeler, We are going to hear a great deal of that issue in the coming years. If the Conservative rty has planted itself on the new rl;perh.!mn and proposes a finish fight on that issue, 'tis a development of first importance. In the course of the debate Philip Snowden, chancellor of the exchequer, declared that in the pre-election cam- paign the Labor party had come out unmistakably . against protection, that the election results clearly indicated majority sentiment against protection, and that in consequence the government proposed dof away with the ‘“safe- tood Tany people. Gnink that Well, a many_ people the Labor party sidestepped the issue of free trads versus protection in the pre-election campaign and that in the election the lieges gave no sure indi- cation of sentiment on that issue. Some will be Mr, Snowe is still fe time,” if not coinciding with Greek kalends, may be some considerable time ahead. It is well known that a good many Laborites lean toward a sub- stantial measure of “saf g At pri T can’t rid 'em. The British government has refused | Trotsky's request for asylum in Britain, As a result of collision with an- other submarine on July 9 a British submarine, her hull rent, sank to the bottom in the Irish Channel in 300 feet of water, crew numbering 21. Vigorous rescue operations were at once , but with scarcely ‘hope. It is rumored that the creation of 20 new peers of Laborite complexion is contemplated. m!nlmtk;n support of instance and 3 old peer: y Labor. With the recent elevation of Sidney Webb and Sir John Sankey to the peerage, there now, - stand, several Laborite peers. g:l;um, Laborite during (ll)én -rdv-otaudano(zoi,uu mflumdgkmm ‘has compelled | render opinion to accept any dark-colored dress | land’ !and coa has - established himself | all ages from 10 upward. t, even at the funeral itself. But the hat and veil are still worn, not only by women but also zy :kql:' l‘g common to see & schoolgirl running about :'m.h a veil mflln:flhehlnd such as only an old-fashioned widow would wear in Western Europe or Amer- E::n has been an economica! and | ica. an suffered that kind of fraternal exhilaration which confuses means With oy shawls &:mh. By | But portant charge -n! expression as follows in‘ an official to German ory den | but we i 1 | i comm has| “Soviet move vigorously for changes in the electoral law. In the recent elections, increasing their popular vote over the 1924 showing by 2,200,000, the Liberals won only 11 additional seats in the Commons, whereas the Laborites, in- creasing their popular vote by 2,800,000, won 130 additional seats. But what changes? Proportional rep- | resentation or the alternative vote method would definitely end the two- party system. The home of Charles Darwin for the last 40 years of his life, namely, Down House, near Orpington, in Kent, has been converted into a public memorial. It has been very exactly restored, in- cluding, in particu which “The Origin written. The idea finds favor in Canada of an imperial economic conference “to study means of diverting to the empire £400,000,000 annual trade with the United States.’ * ok ok ¥ FRANCE.—Louis Loucheur, French minister of labor, renews the plea which he made several years ago at the in- ternational economic conference in Geneva for an economic united states of Europe. Ever more multitudinous grows the chorus chanting a song with that refrain. Where art thou, Count Coudenhove-Kalergi, who in thy bodk “Pan-Euro] didst argue so powerfully for that idea? M. Loucheur did not put the case badly in an after-dinner speech the other day, as follows: “We have before us the United States, a young, active and energetic Nation, with a vast homogeneous territory, and we can only meet it by collaboration. By that I do not mean that we should ‘ganize to combat the United States, should organize a European economic unit to treat with America for reciprocity, which will enable all to co- operate in world production.” * kR ok ITALY.—Here is good news for tour- ists. An expenditure of the equivalent of about $36,000,000 for improvement of old and construction of new roads in Italy has been authorized. The most striking item of the new construction planned is a fine automobile highway to start at Veptimiglia ‘and run eastward to where the Ligurian coast turns south (taking in San Remo and Genoa), and thence to follow the western coast south along the entire length of the peninsula to the “Toe of the Boot.” at the Strait of Messina (taking in Pisa, Clivita, Vecchia, Rome, Naples and Salerno). S~k ok ¥ K t Specles” was CHINA —On July 11 the Chinese -~ | Irish - Free In his, previous ad- | ernment severed diplomatic relations Mr. MacDonald had the|with the Soviet Russian government, 6 peers, 3 created at his and the Manchurian authorities took s converted to ' com; possession plete of the Chinese Eastern Railway (by treaty previcusly under joint Sinc-Russian control), over yisomuny llrSlutDon trade Tormer . premicrsiip, has since | deported to usurping a still more im) finds Communist propaganda all agencies connected with the documentary evi- the study in | | . _Actually, a considerable proportion— | which women voted on the same terms | in London and Lancashire, for instance, | more than half—of the new woman lvours were over 30. Here is one rea- son why the appeals addressed by the | two older parties to an assumed woman | voter of under 30, whose mentality was conceived on the lines familiar to the | chatty paragraph writer of the pic- ture press, largely missed their mark. The Tories were more ambitious. They early launched special drives for woman voters; and in the first week of | the campaign a periodical was dis- like an inferior Ladies’ Home Journal. It was colored; it was full of pictures; its style was thoroughly “‘intimate.” The pictures were of good looking cabinet | ministers and undersecretaries, se- | dressmaking in a& hurry. Moral: The | Soclalists are in a hurry, and if you imitate them, your frock will hang all wrong. Unfortunately for the moral. the illus- tration depicting the two frocks showed |one made on “hurried” principles that, measures, China is prepared to deal ef- fectively with them.” ek iy UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.— In the trials for the Thames Cup in the Royal Henley regatta on the Thames, England, the 150-pound crew of Columbia University was beaten by four lengths by the crew of Trinity College, Cambridge, England, but the next day the crew of the Browne and | Nichols " School of Cambridge, Mass., won the cup, nosing out the Trinity crew in a semi-final and then beating the Thames eight in the final by a length and a quarter. The time of the | final was 7 minutes and 28 seconds for the course of a mile and five-sixteenths. The victory was a pcpular one, and truly, as Horace would say, those lads | “hit the stars with head uplift.” The | Grand Challenge Cup for senior elghts | was won, as usual, by the Leander Rowing Club of London. ‘The American aviators Roger Q. Wil= liams and Lewis A. Yancey were de- | feated in their effort to make Rome in one hop from Old Orchard Beach. Fuel shortage compelled them to de- scend at Santander on the Spanish coast at the end of 311, hours. Lucky for them that they barely managed to make land, for their craft, the Path- finder, is a land-plane, a single-mo- tored ~ Bellanca, like the Columbia, which carried Chamberlin from Roose- velt Field to Germany. The engine i a Wright Whirlwind. * This is the sixth non-stop supervolation of the North Atlantic by Americans, the previous ones being the flights of Lindbergh, Chamberlin, Byrd, Brock and Schiee, and Stultz and Amelia Earhart, national origins provision of the immigration act became effective on July 1 by presidential proclamation, as provided for in the act (passed in . The total of immigrants an- nually admitted thitherto under the ?gg ;vax 164,667, henceforth it is to be “The annual quota of any nation- ll‘;liy " reads the newly effective pro- vision, the same ratio to 150,000 as the num- ber of inhabitants in continental United States in 1920 having that na- tional origin bears to the number of in 1920, but the minimum any nationality shall be 100. President Hoover had recommended repeal of the provision referred to, but | the "Congress ‘didn't see it that 'way. 11t is, however, expected that efforts for repeal 1 soon be renewed. Under | sal provision the quota of Great Britain and Northern Ireland rises from 34,000 to 65,720; th falls from 51,230 to 25,950; State fall from 28,570 to 17,850, Other countries whose quotas are increased include Austria, Belgium, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Po- land and Spain. Other countries whose quotas are decreased include Czecho- slovakia, Denmark, France, Norway, Portugal, Rumania, Sweden and Swit- Ehiry-elght ts have f y-e governmen ve for- mally protested to Washington this or that bill. fears it will have modus vivendi which now governs -American _trade relations if features of the bill are not ted. The government, the results from the ‘good-will” mission are to be Hoover nullified, that “constructive Pan-Amer~ wm--ummunnn;amm sends & 'I!me u-uu.:é arguing quota of recent raid of the|the Harbin.” ‘shall be a number which bears | , inhabitants in continental United States | with its correctly uneven hem line, etc., was much smarter than that carried out on “sound” lines! This by the way. As to the general effect of this particular propaganda effort, I am convinced now, as I was when I first met, it in my own constitu- ency, that it did the Conservative cause | little but harm. average woman | voter with whom I came in contact took her new responsibilities very seriously. ‘The relatively few who declared they | took mo interest in politics also stated that they were not going to vote at all. Any effect on them was wasted; the effect on the others was that they felt slightly insulted. Working Women Vote. ‘The whole thing was really a miscal- culation of what was and is, after all, the most obvious fact about the new electorate. The new women on the regis- ters vary widely in age, but the great , majority of them belong to the working class. They are affected, therefore, by y the issues that affect the men whose homes they share; and, like those same men, they are moving increasingly into the Labor party. Candidates, whether successful or not, are notoriously apt to be more interested in their own fights than in anybody else’s, and to derive their opinions of the general result from their own experiences. So at this point I may be excused if I turn for a moment to my own case. Blackburn—the constituency I now rep- resent, after contesting it vainly in 1924, when T had a 7.000 majority against me —is In its way a very good specimen exhibit of the new electorate, as found in the big industrial centers. It is one of that dense agglomerate of tex- tile towns that live under the perpetual smoke pall of East Lancashire. It | lives in the main by weaving. Of its | 86,000 voters, just under 47,000 are women and just over’ 38,000 are men. Must Work to Live. But the sex division is quite unreal, for in thess Lancashire towns the in- | terests of the man and of the woman voter are very much the same. They both work in the mills. The young| women work in the mills before they marry, and they tend to go back to the mills after they marry, while their chil- dren are young. There is not enough | | for the family to live on if they don't. | No less than 56 per cent of married women under 44 and 229 per cent of married women over 44 are in em- ployment there. In industry, so far| | as wage rates go, men and women are | on equal terms. On the other hand, it is not to be forgotten that, socially, Lancashire is a very conservative county. I found in 1924 that being a woman candidate was a real difficulty; then even my own chairman would describe me as “a pity —but” . . . and then some well meant compliments at the expense of women in general. If that difficulty apparently has ceased to operate, I attribute that partly to the fact that in the inter- vening four and a half years I have ] “nursing” it, but mainly to the fact that my being a Labor candidate meant | more to the voters than my being a | woman. I don't think my being s | woman lost me many votes this time— A handful of middle class women of other affiliations than Labor did per- class vote in these industrial areas | | doesn’t really affect the result, one way or the other. This, I think, is broadly true; but a false picture of the election campaign would be suggested were I not | to mention the marvelous loyalty and | & demonstrative affection showered |~ (Continued on Fourth Page) extinction of the American market for Persian rugs, in which case there would be no money available for Persian pur- chases of American automobiles. The Netherlands government is unhappy about bulbs, etc. We are not, it seems, conciliating the affection of the rest of the glnne'.. ‘The fiscal year 1928-1929 ended on June 30 with a surplus, according to Secretary Mellon's calculations, of about $185,000,000, as against the budget es- timation of $37.000,000. The strong possibility presents itself of another substantial reduction in taxation before next March. In the fiscal year just ended the national debt was reduced by $673,000.- 000 to a total of $16.931,000,000. Re- ceipts totaled $4,033,000,000 and ex- penditures, $3,848,000,000. Income tax | receipts totaled $2.330,000,000, more by $156,000,000°than for the previous fiscal year. “Generally speaking,” Secretary Mellon ascribes the rise of the revenue | beyond the budget. estimations to “wide- spread prosperity, the cumulative re- sults of the reduction of surtax rates to & more reasonable point, and more specifically to increased income realized on the sale of capital assets, due, in the main, to an exceedingly active and constantly rising security market.” * ok k *x NOTES.—The incomparable Henri Cochet again won the men’s singles, and the scarcely less incomparable Helen Wills again won the woman's singles in the tennis tournament at Wimbledon, England. The American team of John Van Ryn and Wilmer Allison came through gloriously in the men’s doubles, buun: the English pair, of J. Gregory and I. G. Collins in’| t'rl:e fl.nl:ll after a terrific five-set strug- le, t glory, the young Americans _eliminated the redoubtable defenders, Cochet and Brugnon of France. The woman's dou- bles was won by two Englishwomen, We hear that Ibm Saud, Sultan of fi;‘x‘.flu;ns:é% "mmt GRS urrecti ‘movemen on a considerable lcll:n‘r' ¥ The international conference for dis- cussion of the Young plan will open on August 6.. Agreement as to the place | | of meeting has not yet been reached. U. S. Teacher Does Well With Sulu Islanders Harry W. Coonradt of Woodstock, 1., went out to the Philippines 14 years ago and made a fine record in the pub- lic schools service, especially during the last seven years as superintendent of IBOLIVIA. AND PARAGUAY 3 EXCHANGE WAR PRISONERS South Americah_ Countries, With Aid of Friendly Delegates, Trying to Settle Differences Over Chaco Boreal. BY GASTON NERVAL, Authority on Latin American Affairs. N THE midst of absolute peace two neighboring nations are exchanging prisoners of war in South America, however strange it may seem to talk of prisoners of war in times of peace. Without there having existed for a moment a state of belligerence between them, Bolivia and Paraguay . have held captive for six months the prisoners taken in the two armed clashes between Bolivian and Paraguayan forces, which took place last December in the Chaco. Today, thanks to the friendly offices of the delegates of five neutral countries, an to the amicable spirit in which Bolivia and Pln(uliy‘ are trying to settle their differences, the prisoners have now been set free and are returning to their respective countries, Step Toward Settlement. In this way, one more step has been taken toward the settlement of the in- cident which clouded relations betweer Bolivia and Paraguay, and which threatened, not long since, to about & conflict which aroused the in- terest and fears of the whole world. At daybreak of the 5th of last De- cember, forces of the regular army of Paraguay attacked and set fire to the Bolivian Fort Vanguardia; some Boliv- ian soldiers were killed and some taken prisoners. This act, occurring while Bolivia and Paraguay were maintaining friendly relations, and just when they were engaged in discussing some wa! of solving their ancient boundary con- troversy, caused the greatest surprise | and disquiet not only in Latin America, I but throughout the world, which feared | to find itself once more on the verge of another international conflagration, which might later involve other South | American nations. Bolivia immediateiy | broke diplomatic relations with the | Asuncion government, and Bolivian pub- lic opinion rose to extreme heights of indignation, demanding the avenging of the armed attack and the settling. once for all. by arms, of the pending territorial dispute with Paraguay. Real Test for Conference. Fortunately, just at this time there convened in Washington the Pan- American Conference on Arbitration and Conciliation, convoked to establish systems of conciliation and_arbitration | among nations of our hemisphere. Hence this high assemblage found a wonderful opportunity to test the efii- cacy of the new procedures now advo- cated for the peaceful settlements of international differences. At its first lenary session, when the conference had hardly been organized, a special committee was appointed to study the conflict which had arisen between the two countries represented in the assem- bly, and the governments of La Paz and Asuncion were approached, asking that hostilities be suspended and that they agree to submit the matter to peaceful, conciliatory settlement. Thariks to this intervention, and to the moral influence of the League of Nations and of many governments of America and which interceded to induce Bolivia and Paraguay to lay down their arms. im- mediate armed conflict was avoided and both countries promised to follow methods for peaceful s2tlement. Demands Moral Reparations. Bolivia, however, first demanded moral reparations. an explanation of the act of aj on on the part of Paragua! Without this she could not agree, in the opinion of the leaders in La Paz, to any steps whatever toward negotiations for conciliation. This ob- stacle, which threatened an “impasse,” disappeared soon after, when Bolivian forces engaged a Paraguayan detach- ment in battle and captured the Para- guayan fort, Boqueron, which is lo- cated on the territory in dispute. The outrage on Vanguardia was hence considered avenged, and popular feeling in Bolivia was satisfied. It then became easy for the government of La Paz to consent to the signing of the protocol of conciliation which was drawn up by the arbitration conference in Washing- ton. During the first days of this ye representatives of Bolivia and Paraguay signed a protocol by which there w: created a special commissi gation and conciliation, for the purpose of investigating the incident of Fort Vanguardia and establishing responsi- bility for it. By this same agreement Bolivia and Paraguay solemnly prom- ised to cease the mobilization of their troops and to prevent any movement of a belligerent character which might precipitate armed conflict. So, for the first time, the conciliatory efforts and | the moral pressure of the other nations of the world stopped a war in South America. Commission Functions. Since March the commission created under this protocol has been functioning in Washington. It is composed. of two Bolivian delegates, two Paraguayan delegates and five neutral delegates named by five American nations. The Bolivians are David Alvestegui, former minister of state, ex-chairman of the House of Deputies, and former minister of Bolivia Paraguay and Enrique Pinot, member of the House of Depu- ties and at present Minister of Bollvia in Chile, The Paraguayans are Enrique Bordenave, former minister of foreign relations, and Manuel Chavez. The five neutral delegates are Brig. Gen. McCoy for the United States, Dr. Ma quez Sterling for Cuba, Dr. Gonzalez Roa for Mexico, Mr. Manuel Rivas for Colombia and Gen. Ruprecht for Uru- for more than four months investi- gating the antecedents and the facts mfla 'ol';eluhlflu Chaco. Its worl T 3 until now been kept secret, although it is known that the Bolivian and Para- yan delegates have presented the! lefs and the corres] replies thereto for tll: ch{.lvs.:le;hfnu;l:; mission. The prot Pan-American Union in December set a period of six months for the comple- tion of the labors of the commission. At the end of that period the com- mission is to give its decision, indi- cating who is to blame “for having in December, and fixing responsibilities and indemnities. Decision in September. there will have been the first and most interesting experi- ments in the peaceful settlement of schools in Sulu, famous Moro (Mo- arl; for girls, and the public schools in thei ir international conflicts. A fine example took place last | acts which P Al is great natural ith on and beneath its soil. Aside from its material value, which is equally attractive to both claimants, the terri tory has a ial importance for Bo- livia, since by means of the rivers bounding it she may develop means of direct communication with the sea, of which she has been deprived since 1878, when Chile took all her ports on the Pacific Ocean. Both Claim Rights. The allegations made by Bolivia and Paraguay in_support of their claims to the Chaco Boreal are diverse. Bolivia presents numerous documents, such as royal cedulas and deeds to support her right to this territory, based upon grants from Spanish colonial times. Paraguay, on the other hand, claims de facto pos- session, since for many years she has established possession of a large part of the Chaco, founding small settle- ments, and establishing means of com- munication. Although without holding legal title, the Paraguayans have gone on in posssesion of the southern part of the Chaco for a century and on this they found their right to continue to hold this territory. Bolivia, on the contrary, due to the great distances which ‘separate its populated region from the Chaco and to the absence of means of communication with it, paid little attention, until comparatively recent years, to maintaining her sov- ereignty over the Chaco. |~ While the Paraguayans, nearer to the Chaco than the Bolivians, easily pene- | trated, little by little, the territory and went on establishing themselves more and more firmly, Bolivia gave all her attention to the other side of her ter- ritory, on the west, where her coast had bedh taken from her, cutting her off fremn communication with the rest of the world. Today. when she realizes the gravity of the situation and desires to regain the entire Chaco, it would seem too late. Paraguay already has made a part of it her own territory, and without doubt it is useless and illogical to think it possible that she would withdraw now. when part of her citizens are living there, when she is developing its Yesources and when, it may be said, she has become accustomed to regard this territory as part of her own property. What seems today most just and rea- sonable is that both nations should try to reach an amicable and definite agree= ment dividing the Chaco in the way that seems advisable, taking into considera- tion their claims, the titles and the nat- ural necessities of both. Fortunately, announcement has just been made that the governments of La Paz and Asun- clon have authorized the neutral dele- gates of the investigating commission now at work in Washington to under- take, apart from their task of investi- gating the incident at Fort Vanguardia, to suggest plans for formulas looking toward a direct and complete settle- ment of all the territorial question of e Chaco. may be of immense importance, for it is believed that there Horse-Drawil Carriage Vanishing From Rome ‘That delight of tourists in Rome, the horse-drawn carriage, is appar- | ently doomed to disappear. Two years |ago a modern-minded governor de- | creed the abolition of the “botticella*™ | or horse carriage, but there was such | a strong protest that the governor found it expedient to permit a limited number of carriages to remain in pub~ | lic_service. Only young and well fed looking horses were permitted. The cabmen were compelled to get new vehicles and o wear a reasonably presentable uni- form. Now a new governor imposes fresh restrictions which Roman news- papers interpret as the death knell of the horse carriage. The cabbies may transform themselves into chauffeurs if they have the cash and the skill—or, rather, one of every three cabbies may metamorphose into a chauffeur. The governor rules that for every three cab licenses surrendered one auto license will be issued, but that 60 horse carriages must disappear from the streets every month. The drivers who fail to get licenses as chauffeurs doubtless follow their comrades, whose nags were too ancient or whose Cos- tumes too seedy to qualify for service in Rome under the previous order, to some provincial city where horse car- riages are still viewed with favor. Traffic will be further speeded on Rome's narrow streets, but sight-seeing will lose some of its charm for many American and English visitors 40 Rome | who delighted in the leisurely open ! carriage. “ Among the mourners will be | the family of an eminent Chicago at- }mmey. which this month participated |in a Roman version of Holmes’ “One- | Horse Shay.” The Chicagoans were | driving in the Vatican precincts when suddenly the vehicle came apart. Father and mother found themselves perched above two wheels. On the street below them was their daughter, dropped unceremoniously from the center seat, while some yards on was the cabbie, seated on the two front wheels and holding on to his unper- turbed horse. The Chicagoans re- assembled, bid adieu to their shattered vehicle and boarded another horse carriage! Volcanology E;;nu Apart From Geology, Volcanology is & “new science”—no longer a part of geology, says the man who 1is regarded as the greatest living authority on the volcano of Kilauea, Island of Hawali, bly the greatest in the world. Dr. Thomas A. Jaggar, head of the Hawailan Volcano Observatory, says that vocanology is the forerunner of other sciences based on humaneness and conservation. He himself was devoted nearly 20 years to the study of the volcano of Kilauea ard other craters in the islands, and &u vlmullg uvun;p his ure:‘:thl.s terest. suggests, as a possible new sclence on the line indicated, “fluvi- ology"—the study of river flows, in- ississippi River disas~ Powe flows. Prof. Wentworth is ticuls 700,000 Slavs Grouped On Italian Frontiers