Evening Star Newspaper, June 7, 1929, Page 8

8 THE EVENING STAR | commander in chief's advice and revised With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY.. THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th 8t. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Buil ing. European Office; 14 Regent St.. London. 7 Ensiand. he City. ier Within Rate by Carrier 52 rer month e Evening Star_... e Evening and Sunday Star t « pi (when 4 Rundeys) ..........80c per month The Evening end Sunday Bar (when 5 Bundays)...........65¢ per month The Sunday Sc per c Collec: i Orders m; ain 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Sunday only 1 yr. $400; 1 mo. 40c All Other States and Canada. Da 2000 1 mo’, $1.00 a7 anil Sundey: 3 35 *ha00; Mol " 78 Runlly only $5.00; 1 wo. B0c Member of the Assoclated Press. The Associated Press i8 ex ively entitled to the vse for repuolication o ‘atches credited to it or 1ot ted In this paper, and siso the atches he Ten Years After. Almost exactly ten years after the allied and associated powers required Germany to sign on the dotted line at Versailles—on June 28, 1919—the same | Thigh contracting parties have concluded another treaty of peace. In Paris this afternoon the reparations agreement, | patched up after four months of patient negotiation, is formally to be perfected by signature of the creditor and debtol experts. It is a momentous event. The world at large will take only passing interest in its financial details, gigantic as these are. So far has modern mankind marched in the presence of huge figures, thanks to the cost of the Great War in life and treasure, that the average snnuities of $500,000.000 imposed upon the Germans for thirty-seven years, with twenty-one succeeding years of annuities tapering down from $240,000,- 000, arouse only casual attention. .On two points the nations are not likely to be nonchalant as they con- template the reparations settlement. First, they will soliloquize what it meant to the German people to be catspaws in the hands of their militarists. Gen- erations yet unborn will be paying for the war which the Hohenzollerns and their spurred and helmeted abettors spawned. To Bismarck, who in 1871 required France to pay what was in those days held to be a crushing indemnity of $200,000,000—the famous “milliard” of gold francs—in addition to restoring Alsace and Lorraine, is attributed the | aphorism that a conquered foe “should be left naught but eves to weep with.” For fifty-eight yec:c from this day,, Germany is now pledged to pay and pay | and pay for the grand folly of 1914. | Financially, to adopt the reputed Bismarckian idiom, her eyes should be blood red with tears before the fabulous burden is discharged. Secondly, the world will see in the final | adoption of the Young plan an augury | of genuine peace and fresh hope for all Europe. Germany stands, despite the heavy task she must shoulder, to profit most of all. The fantastic repnmt(ons\ total of $132,000,000,000 originally assessed against her has been cut to something more than $32,000,000,000. German demands for definite fixation of her obligations have been met. Ger- man requirements for radical reduction of the gross amount have been gener- | ously acceded to. German insistence on limitation of her payments, in bulk ..June 7, 1929 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, FRIDAY, JUNE 7, 1929. the tariff unlimitedly. Not long ago Senator Blease, Demo- crat, of South Carolina, announced that, whatever his own views on prohi- bition may be, he consistently votes dry in the Senate because his State is politically dry and he regards himself bound to respect its sentiments. Sen- ator Blease's views of a congressional representative’s obligations coincide with those of Mrs. Owen. Senator Borah, Republican Progres- sive of Idaho, than whom the United States boasts no more astute expert in constitutional government, is the political maverick par excellance. Mr. Borah refuses to recognize the inviola- | bility either of party dicta or State| prejudices. When he last stood for re- clection to the Senate, he told Idahoans that if they wanted a Senator who would obey orders—those of the Re-| publican party or of the people of Idaho —on given occasions, they would better vote for somebody else. If they pre- ferred a Senator who would yleld al- legiance exclusively to his own con- | sclence and judgment, from case to case, Mr. Berah said he thought he might. measure up to such specifications He was triumphantly re-elected. After all, does it not get down to this? Do constituencies send messenger i boys or leaders to Congress? Do they want the mass mind to prevail, or do they, theoretically at.least, choose to represent them at Washington. states- en and stateswomen qualified to point the way? | Probably the country will eontinue for some time to pause for a reply. e For Better Law Enforcement. President Hoover has asked for & Joint congressional committee to plan a recrganization of the Government' administration of the dry laws. His primary purpose is to bring about more effective enforcement of the law. In his special message sent to Congress vesterday recommending creation of this joint committee, the President call- ed attention to the fact that transters of parts of various bureaus and agen- | cles from certain dcpartments of the | Government to others are needed. He pointed out also that plans must be| made for strengthening the border con- | trols patrols in connection with prohi- bition and illegal entry of aliens. It has been clear for some time that the Government machinery for carrying out the dry laws has needed overhaul- ing. It creaks and loses motion fre- quently. In his inaugural address the President said, discussing prohibition, “It is essentfal that a large part of the enforcement activities be ~ transferred from the Treasury Department to the Department of Justice as a beginning of more effective organization.” His | special message to Congress yesterday does not go into detals of the proposed | reorganization. Apparently the Presi- dent has preferred to leave this matter | to the joint committee and to Congress. What he is interested in is a plan for more effective administration. Action by Congress is necessary to grant the President power to make the needed transfers from one department to an- other. | 1t is obvious that a concentration of prohibition activities as far as possi- ble into one department of the Gov- ernment must work for efficiency and for the elimination of the duplication of work. The President stands ready to appoint a committee from the Gov- ernment departments affected to co- operate with the proposed congressional committee. He does not ask that the reorganization plan be submitted to Congress at its present special session, but that it shall be ready for consid- as well as by installments, to demon- strated capacity to pay, has been Te- | spected. German minor conditions were sgreed to in a spirit of compromise. Dr. Schacht, the Reichsbank head and chief German negotiator at Paris, when asked if he were not happy at the | conference’s final success, lamented that no German, in the face of the huge lia- bility the Fatherland now accepts, coul be “happy.” Yet the hour is bound to dawn—and Germany's well wishers hope | 1t may be soon—when today’s events in Paris will be looked upon as having | ushered in not only for Germany, but for Europe and the world at large, a| rennaissance of economic tranquillity and political harmony. All concerned have paid a terrible price for the experiences which drenched the earth in blood and agony between 1914 and 1918. If the world, reminded in Germany's case, of the high cost of war, resolves never again to indulge in its sanguinary extravagance, the Peace of Paris, 1929, will live to be of even greater significance than the Peace of Versailles, 1919 i SR Preedom of the seas is a question of significance. Yet a certain amount o policing is recognized as necessary even in maintaining freedom of the air. s —— What Is a “Representative”? Representative Ruth Bryan Owen, Democrat, of Florida, in an alibl for her vote on the Hawley tariff bill, says she supported that Republican high protection measure because the people | of her Btate favor it. The accom- plished daughter of a celebrated father declines to admit that she was recreant elther to ancestral political traditions or to the Democratic faith. The gentlewoman from Miami con- Jures up vividly the question as to what Yeally is the duty of a member of & national legislature under a popular form of government. The question is as old as the hills. Some authorities hold to the hide-bound view that the party label is a party yoke which can and should, in no circumstances, be thrown off. Others declare that when the interests of a congressional district or a State demand disloyalty to the party platform a member of the House or the Senate has no choice. He (or ghe), 8s in Mrs. Owen's case, must plump for a high tariff on citrus prod- uce, no matter whether the Democrate Wappen to favor the free and unlimited | importation of grapefruit, lemons and oranges at the ratio of 16 to 1, or on any other basis. . The pending session of Congress pro- | vides William Jennings Bryan's daugh- ter with plenty of precedent. Officially the Republican party is opposed to the farm debenture plan. Thirteen Repub- liean Senators were for it and secured its passage. Herbert Hoover, titular t | | tion legislation, no matter in what {another one of the many picturesque eration when the regular session of Con- gress begins in December. In this he is wise, for the interjection of prohibi- form, probably would lead to long de- | bate and throw out of gear the admin- istration’s program for the speclal session, limited to farm relief, tariff revision, reapportionment and suspen- sion of the natfonal origins clause of the immigration law. Reorganization of prohibition en- | motion. They find it difficult to believe that crime is organized, in the same sense that honorable business is organized. They believe that crime is misled in- dividualism, and that the co-operation of all the better elements of society to put down the sporadic manifestations of rampant ego gone off on the wrong tangent, the crooked path to cruelty, harm and dezth, will not be in vain, but will result surefy in a better America with the true type of controlled freedom which this country was founded to manifest to the world. — e A Traffic Bottleneck. One of the important recommenda- tions of the joint committee of the! street and traffic committees of the | Washington Board of Trade concerns | the removal of the street-car loading platform in front of the Mayflower Hotel. This recommendation was made following a tour of the city yesterday by members of the committee, Capt. H. C. Whitehurst, co-ordinator and chief engineer of the District, and W. C. Har- land, director of traffic. Immediately following the tour a meeting was held and suggestions were made to rid the city, as far as possible, of traffic bottle- necks on main arteries. ‘There is no question but that the sit- uation in front of the Mayflower pre- sents a problem that should be solved at the earliest possible moment. Con- necticut avenue at this point is especial- ly wide, but the width of the thorough- fare merely complicates conditions, in- asmuch as the loading platform, in con- junction with the heavy traffic at the entrance, throws what were formerly two or three lines of traffic into a single lane, and sometimes causes a complete stop. Taxicabs do a rushing business at the entrance to this hotel, not only the taxicabs with special parking privi- eges, but the cabs which cruise con- tinuously around the block in search of business. Private cars are also users of the Connecticut avenue entrance. 8o with vehicles of all types either slow- ing down or stopping and the street car platform narrowing the thorough- fare, one of the worst bottlenecks in Washington is to be seen. It may be an expensive procedure to remove the platform. It is constructed of concrete. However expensive it may be, no delay should be brooked in remedying this bad situation. It will be far cheap- er in the long run to move Washing- ton's traffic expeditiously than to put up with a condition that has no place in a progressive community. ————— Mussolini is said to have succeeded in abolishing tips in hotels. His genius for taking small details into account has been a strong factor in Mussolini’s extraordinary career. s A joint debate which results in a draw follows well known precedent in leaving much credit for the success of the occasion with the box office pro- — e When the present Prince of Wales becomes King, he will be expected, as a matter of public policy, to promise never to go horseback riding any more. poEI Vine growers on the slopes of Vesu- vius are in necd of “farm rellef” more dertaken to consider. —_— “Reapportionment” is a subject that does nct arouse great ardor among citi- zens who feel that they already have Congressmen enough. o A tremendous advance would be made | in aviation if Lindbergh could under- take to teach & large class of flying men to become as expert as he is himself. e R Literature would receive some valu- able contributions if learned censors would write their precise reasonings in objecting to long-established classics. B e R Some lives might be saved by an ar- rangement to supervise the Summer canoe as well as the battleship. bttty SHOOTING STARS. forcement is considered by the Presi- dent a first and essential step for | bringing ahout greater observance of | the dry laws. The subject of prohibi- | ion enforcement is involved closely in | a program advanced by the President | When Riley wrote “Knee Deep in June.” | for the better enforcing of all laws in | Through every Winter, long and drear, this country. Already his so-called | crime commission is at work. The | recommendations of that commission, | when they are submitted, may be ex- | pected to deal With the question of pro- | hibition in a broad way. The joint | congressional committee which the President has requested will deal with ! a single aspect of the issue—reorganiza- tion of Government agencies in the ¢ interest of compelling observance of the | goif law. | - A rigid observance of prohibition in all diplomatic circles might call for a| number of medical prescriptions to cure | nostalgia—commonly known as “home- | sickness.” | .- The Two Elements. The work of the President’s National Commission on Law Observance and! Enforcement begins with the good will of the better citizens of the entire coun-| | try, but one wonders what the less well inclined citizens think about it. Is there such a thing as “organized crime” in this country, or is that only phrases which assall the American mind? Perhaps this will be gone into by the commission. | If there is such a criminal organiza- ! tion, it is not likely that it is permit- | ting the National Commission on Law | Enforcement to get to work without | making its own plans. Stranger things might happen than a secret convention of the crooked ele- | ments of the country, in order to select |a counter-commission to oppose what | the President’s commission shall do. what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander, too. Great business men have shown the practicability of men who think the same way getting together annually to “talk things over.” Such meetings are held in the day- light, but it is to be feared that a | similar convention of eriminal elements | would be simply a gathering in a back | esting that it is taking my mind off of | This is an age of co-operation, and| BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. When Summer comes, T think again Upon & gentle old refrain; A song was made that needs no tune The thought of clover bloom gave cheer, ‘Though Time in speeding on his way Brought disappointment and dismay, Mingling the poet's name will rise "Mongst meadow perfumes to the skies. The birds and bees, just as of yore, Carol “Knee Deep in June” once more. Selective Sport. “I hear you have decided to give up | “Yes" answered Senator Sorghum. “I have decided to concentrate on one ( game at & time. I find golf o inter- politics.” Jud Tunkins says a man who wants to be a “boss” has to learn to take orders from all kinds of people. Publicity Test. | It is & most loguacious age! As great men speak aloud and guess, | Grabbing the center of the stage Becomes the measure of success. Storing Wisdom. “Do you understand exactly what a debenture 152" “Not yet,” answered Farmer Corn- tossel. “One of my reasons for pushing our boy Josh through college is the | hope that he'll get smart enough to ex- | plain it to the family.” “One who assumes to be & teacher | for a year,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “should require himselt to spend twenty years previously in an ef- fort to learn.” Washing Postage Stamps. He washed his stamps; and all confess He leaves the Treasury vexed. So, who shall say that Cleanliness To Godliness is next. “Dar ain’' so much danger of over- | work,” eald Uncle Eben, “as dar is of overplay. We stops de day's labor when de whistle blows: but quittin’ time foh a card game kin be anything up to 4 o'clock in de mornin'.” v chief of the G. O. P. recommended “limited” revision of the tariff. The; cumbersome administration majority in’ stir of faith to, millions of hearts and congressional sttempts iads xRS bgers 1 Jay a0d ende the Howe Juads Jalacoimeal S8 dis room somewhere. The President’s commission brings a Oblivious to Aid.’ From the South Bend Tribune. The wheat market seems obhvlipous to urgent than any this country has un-| | that | discerning the shadéws that sometimes | reprisals might go. [ the pre-election Hoover old guard is stead- §i Yamishing Troms i pleiurs, *Ony THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. “The discrimination between slang and idiom s one of the nicest points in literary usage.” So says Prof. Logan Pearsall Smith in his “Words and Idioms.” and those who love their mother tongue may well ponder his statement. It is mostly a matter of usage, he tells the reader, and of a dclicate sense of what is accepted and what is not. In “The King's English,” by H. W. and F. G. Fowler, issued by the Oxford Press some_years ago, the thing is put this way: “The idiomatic writer differs chiefly from the slangy in using what was slang and is now idiom.” Webster's defines the word as “the | language proper or peculiar to a pe ple; the genius or cast of a language; an expression the meaning of which as a Whole cannot be derived from the | conjoined meaning of its elements.” The word is derived from Greek forms meaning “to make a person's own, one’s own, peculiar.” Idiosyncra only one word which will define * but it s too broad. The use of prepositions in almost all languages is & pure study in the idio- syncrasy of that tongue. There are no rules, or practically none; one either knows how to use them or he does not. The only way he can learn is by read- ing good books and by hearing educated people talk. One of the mistakes in the use of prepositions is e sentence, “I am sick to my The tyrannical characier of preposi- tional use is well illustrated in one paragraph from Prof. Smith's book: “We tamper with, but we tinker at: we find a fault in a person, but find fault with him: we act on the spur of the moment, but at a moment's notic we are insensible to, but are uncon- sclous of: we say for long, but at length—not at long, although ‘at long' was once an English idiom. So we now say on earth, when in earth was the older usage, as we sec in the Lord'’s prayer, “Thy will be done in earth, as it 1s“in Heaven.'” * ok ok ok It is plain to be seen that grammar is the natural enemy of idiom. Life is a battle, it is said, and language is also | a conflict Grammar is a logical attempt to make a language standard, whereas idiom ather concentrates on what it wants to say. Dr. Johnson spoke of refining the | language to “grammatical purity. i Perhaps it was a noble ideal, but a impossible one. ‘The idiom, or genius, of the language is forever creating new words and phrases which are so filled with fresh life and humor that every one adopts them. The history of these phrases is one | of ups and downs. One century they are slang, the next good idiomatic | English, the next they may be frowned upon agein. Prof. Smith points out the expression “these kind” and “these sort” of things was found up to the nineteenth century in many good authors, and that “by this means,” an analagous form, is stiil considered good English. Commonly we tend to accept idio- matic phrases without thought, just as the proper use of prepositions comes natural to those who love books, or who have had the advantage of well bred conversation We seldom stop to consider that such words as “today” and “tomorrow"” are in reality phrases. Nor until we see such long lists as Prof. Smith and other specialists give in their books do we commonly stop to consider the ror of our idioms. | | mance | Views vary as to why Sir Esme| Howard, without waiting for a hint from any responsible official authority, has put John Bull on the water wagon in Washington. To begin with, the | British_embassy’s _example i5 by no means likely to prove contagious among | other embassies and legations. Not for publication and with corresponding | vehemence, many of Sir Esme's col-| leagues in the diplomatic corps express | frank disagreement 4vith his scheme. They say it embarrasscs them and that he had no right to raise the question | without_consuitation in his capacity as | dean. Howard is an uncommonly astute diplomat but he knows his America, after more | than five years of continuous service here, The guess is safc that he looked carefully before he leaped—as is the | British _ diplomatic way—and decided Britain’s stock could only be advanced by his dramatic action. Men like Senator Borah, chairman of the Senate foreign relations committee, long | have held that the foreigners officially in our midst could make no more gracious gesture than the one the British Ambassador has_just ventured. | But_the several hundred oases in Washington—the various premises in- habited by the diplomatic corps—are not going to be dried up right away. * ok K K Perhaps Sir Esme Howard, shrewdly betoken coming events, took time by the forelock, with all the glory that will accrue to him therefrom. In other words, many members of Congress hold 1t will only be a question of time before ive action to withdraw _diplo- liquor immunity will be proposed and bitterly demanded. The issue has bobbed up before. Extreme drys insist that it be settled their way. They don't see beyond their prohibition noses. It never occurs to them that in a score of ways countries which don’t happen to share our drink theories can retali- ate uncomfortably against our repre- sentatives abroad. Nor is it a matter of any concern to 100 per cent Vol steadites that extraterritoriality is an ancient institution in the comity of na- tions. Once abrogated with regard to liquor, there’s no telling to what lengths * ok K M. Robert Serot, a distinguished | member of the French Chamber of Deputies, sitting for the Metz district | of Lorraine, is a visitor to Washington. | He came to the United States to ac- quaint himself with American public | opinion_regarding_the still unratified | Mellon-Berenger French debt settle- | ment. M. Serot, & conservative poli-| tican, gave M. Claudel, the French Am- bassador in Washington, the impressior that he arrived here an opponent of | ratification, but Americans who talked with the deputy are convinced he will go back to France less hostile to the| settlement than he once may have been. | Probably M. Claudel had something to | do with his compatriot’s conversion. | The Young reparations revision 18| bound, in M. Serot’s opinion, to modify | the attitude of the French Parliament | toward the Mellon-Berenger pact, but! he fears that the reduced payments France is to recelve from Germany may complicate the whole situation. ok A | A year ago this week—the eve of bat-| tle at Kansas City—no group of men and women_sat nearer the Hoover throne than Dr. Hubert Work, Col. Wil- liam J. Donovan, Mabel Walker Wille brandt, C. Bascom Slemp, Willlam M. Jardine, Harry S. New, Curtis D. Wil- bur, David H. Blair, et al. Prediction was general that practically each and every one of them “could have anything he (or she) wanted” when “the chief” was President. Work, New, Jardine and Wilbur constituted the cabinet group that dared openly to be for Hoover at a time when nobody knew with cer-. tainty whether Coolidge was a_candi- date or not. Yet they did not turn up in the Hoover cabinet, while Mellon and “Jim” Davis, who failed to come out for Hoover before Kansas City, did. It's a merry mlx-uF, and no G. O. P. politician in Washington can account for the way the pre-convention and commonest | | “to eat one's head off, WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. He not only knows his job, | ! valueless unl | Sincerity is questionable if nations in- ., Archaic and poetic words, for instance, | which no one would use by themselves | readily occur in everyday speech | such idiomatic phrases as: Hither and | thither, to and fro, might and main, | rack and ruin, kith and kin, on one's mettle, at one fell swoop, to set at nought. Prof. Smith gives the following list of common idioms in which survive obso- lete words, never used except in some special phrase. In the phrase, “hue and cry,” the first is obsolete; in “hem- ming and hawing,” the last; in “to take t bay,” the the second: ‘a pig in a in “at beck and cal ore.” the last; in the last. * ok ok * “To go the whole hog” is an expres- sion which means nothing, grammati- cally, or logically, but idiomatically is rich ‘with meaning. It is doubtful if there is an English-speaking person who has not heard that phrase, but probably there is no one who could explain its derivation. The idiom “to give the cold shoulder a person probably meant, Prof. Smith says, not to turn the human shoulder toward some one, but to put | the cold shoulder of mutton before an | unhonored guest. % As might be expected of a seafaring people. the English have drawn many of their idioms from fish. One of the | most_ popular of these is the expression “to drink like a fish," a humorous al- | lusion to the fact that a fish lives in weter and therefore ought to be drink- tng_constantly. “To get a rise out of” a person harks |back to the fisherman and his line. When we speak of being “in the swim.” no one is at a loss to know what we | mean. A man who is not used to going | into society much says he “feels like |a fish out of water” at a reception | Jilted lovers declare that “there are as good fish in the sea as ever came out | of it.” | Who would suspect, for Instance, un- less he saw it in some such book as | Prof. Smith’s, that when we speak of a “forlorn hope” we really are using | an adaption of the Dutch phrase ‘“ver- | loren hoop.” a lost troop. Tdioms from horses are even more numerous than those from dogs and cats; they include “to take the bit in one's teeth” “to prick up one's ears,” “to look & gift | horse in the mouth,” “to swap horses | while crossing the stream.” etc. Prof. Smith gives more than 50 of these, | with some 30 or 40 more from the race | track and the farm. A phrase in very common use, to | “curry favor,” was originally “to curry Favel.” a fallow-colored horse. a pro- rbial type of fraud and cunning. Except one_make a special study of such things, he must accept idioms as thoy are, without bothering about them. The distinction to be made is whether they are outright slang or English | 1diom. | There will always be bold users of | English, who like certain mew words. | which seem picturesque to them and | who will use them. and thus help to | ingratiate them with more timid writ- | ers who are rather in awe of grammar. Grammar and idiom help make En; lish what it is. Each in its place plays its part. What would be the use of grammarians disputing about “to curry favor” if they didn't know that “favor” was really “Favel’ i An idiom is like an outstanding man who forces the world to accept him at his own valuation. He stands for some- in poke, | ve | thing. and he isn't “the Chief” knows why, telling. PR Representative James L. Whitley, Republican, of New York, is the author of a brochure entitled “Evolution of a Knocker.” For several years Mr. Whit- ley, who is a Rochester man and lawyer by ‘profession, says he's “taken a stan in spreading the gospel of ‘boosting’ vs. ‘knocking.' " The preface to his brochure, which is filled with epigram- matic philosophy, says: “Join the army of boosters and continue your member- p until the hardware stores beat ir hammers into trumpets and their rip-saws into bass drums. Lend your aid, so that the monotonous rappings of the knockers of old will be replaced | with the joyous melody of sound pro- duced by a vast army of boosters.” * x x Andrew Furuseth of Washington and San Francisco, veteran president of the International Seamen's Union, is at- tending the twelfth conference of the League of Nations' Labor Bureau at Geneva this month. The other day he startled the conference by stating that between 60,000 and 75,000 undesirable aliens are bootlegged into the United States annually as “seamen” shipping out of Bremen, Antwerp, Amsterdam and Hamburg. Furuseth, a_youngster of 70 or thereabouts, spent five or six days in each of the ports just men- tioned, spying out the land for himself before going to Geneva. Senator Henrik Shipstead of Minnesots once was asked whom he considered “the smartest man in the United States.” The Farmer- Labor statesman replied unhesitatingly, “Andy Furuseth.” He's been fighting the seamen's battles for nearly half a century and is still going strong. = aiww William G. McAdoo has & double on Capitol Hill—Senor Felix Cordova Davila, resident commissioner of Porto Rico and its accomplished spokesman on the floor of the House of Representa= tives. He's not as tall as “W. G.” but enough like him in the face to be taken for the Californian’s brother. Senor Davila was re-elected last November to serve another four years in the Amer- ican Congress, having been elected first to the Sixty-ifth and came back suc- cessively. He is a lawyer, 51 years old, and was a judge of several Porto Rican Good Points in Hoover Address Are Cited From the El Paso Herald. President Hoover made several good points in his Memorial day address at Arlington National Cemetery, and the best were these: “That (the Kellogg-Briand peace reaty) is a declaration that springs from the aspirations and hearts of men and women throughout the world. “If we are honest, we must consider our own naval armament and the arma- ments of the world in the light of their defensive and not their aggressive use.” The latter is a normal conclusion from the former. Peace pacts are less actuated by sincerity. sist on armaments for offensive and not merely defensive warfare. It nations are earnest in their desire to maintain peace, they will not have thought of carrying war to their neigh- bors, but merely of defending them- elves. This thought carries with it a marked {limitation of armament. This does not, | however, mean disarmament. That na- ition would be foolish which would dis- arm completely while others retained their arms. We have not yet reached that millennium in which a nation can confidently count upon respectful treat- ment unless it has the means to compel it. To disarm in the present state of mind of the world would be to invite ! disaster. To speak softly but keep one's { powder dry is still the role of prudence. ey . At Least One Virtue. From the Louisville Times. To give bootleggers their due, they ' i | Flatworm’s Ability To Learn Is Shown BY E. E. FREE, Ph. D. The lowly flatworm, popularly famous for supposed immortality because of its ability to consume its own body in time of famine and reduce itself to a tiny living globule able to regenerate a whole new worm when food is plentiful, is not too lowly to get an education. By ex- periments carried out on a marine spe- cles of these worms living in Monterey Bay, in California, and reported through the Wistar Institute of Philadelphia, H. Virnet Hovey of the University of Ore- gon has proved not only that the tiny brain of the flatworm can learn but that it learns in a way which seems fundamentally like the way in which things are learned by higher animals and man. Flatworms show, Mr. Hovey discovers, ability %0 acquire what psy- chologists call “conditioned reflexes,” like the famous dogs of Prof. Ivan Pavlov, whose mouths learned to water at the sound of a .bell, because that bell had been sounded just before sev- eral previous meals. His flatworms are habits. They tend to move when light falls on them. They tend to stop mov- ing, on the other hand, whenever they are touched. By simultancously touch- ing the worms and exposing them to light Mr. Hovey succeeded in mixing up these two impulses in the worm's tiny 'brain, so that the light-created impulse to move was overridden or “conditioned” by the touch-created impulse to stand still. Like a naturally skittish horse carefully trained not to be afraid of blowing newspapers, these “educated” flatworms learned to stand still under a light ray instead of Tunning away in what for them is the natural manner. ——— Hats Ofl'?o the Horse And Lovers of Horses From the Detrolt News. We are glad to note that the horse show still continues to be one of the most popular and brilltant soctal events of the season in many sections of the country. ‘There always has been and always will be a very great love for the horse among all classes of people, and nowhere is there any such chance of expressing the feeling as at an event like the annual show which was given at the Michigan State College recently. There the animal can be scen at his best; there comes the highest and most perfect product of careful breeding, and there more than anywhere else can be seen his almost human knowledge of | his surroundings and his quick response | to the admiration that he feels is being lavished upon him on all sides. It has been truly said that in no other way could the ancient Greeks have so perfectly symbolized poetry, the highest form of human expression, as by the winged horse, Pegasus. Combin- ing symmetry of form with fleetness, strength and endurance, the horse ap- peals at once to the universal sense of beauty and utility. In both painting and literature the horse imparts an added charm and nobility wherever it makes its appear- ance. ‘The picture of Washington which is.indelibly impressed upon the memory is the one in which Stuart painted him in company of his snow- white steed. The reader of “Sheridan’s Ride” is thrilled by the imaginary hoof- beats of the black war horse, Rienzi, rather than by the figure of “Little Phil,” in the race to Cedar Creek. Since man first subjugated the horse they have been inseparable in every field of effort, in the triumphs of war and in the arts of peace—until the automobile came. If their development has not been co-equal, at least it may be sald that the intellectual develop- ment of man has not been more marvel- ous than the physical development of the horse. Writing of a winner of the Derby, an eminent English admirer of the thoroughbred once said: “Clean of limb, deep-chested, round barreled, broad-faced, intelligent, with a dispo- sition reflecting that of his master and the spirit of Mercury mirrored in his eyes, he is the poetry of animal motion, a thing of beauty worthy of the admira- tion and homage of the thousands who make in his honor a festival of beauty and fashion.” It i8 peculiarly appropriate that the tribute paid to the horse on such an occasion as that which drew so many visitors to East Lansing should be in the nature of a society function, “for man (to quote the English panegyrist of the horse again) has always associ- ated the noblility of the horse with his own aspirations of gentility. In the Spanish word ‘cabellero, a horseman, which is synonymous with ‘gentleman,’ is to be found an etymology which for many generations has been recognized as accurate and appropriate.” We raise our hat not only to the thoroughbred horse, but to those who annually celebfate in such high and chivalric fashion the inestimable con- tribution which he has made to the lfil;erlll and esthetic progress of man- | kind. — o Federal Reserve Board Scores Credit Victory From the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. ‘The proof of the pudding is in the eating thereof. The Federal Reserve Board set out on February 7 last to curb excessive use of credit for specu- lative purposes in order to keep the cost of commercial credit within bounds. The volume of brokers' loans consti- | tutes the handiest measure—though not an absolutely accurate one—of its suc- cess in this policy. Such loans de- creased last week by $232,000,000, bring- ing them down $381,000,000 since the beginning of February to the lowest point since December last. Security values have naturally shrunk under the pressure of credit restriction. But the decline has not been accom- panied by any disastrous results, such as surely would have followed the sud- den bursting of a speculative bubble that was in progress of inflation with- out rhyme or reason. Granting the argument that the pricas of many stocks at the top of the rise were justi- | fled by earning power and outlook, it is unquestipnable that sound investments were caftying along in their upward flight issues of questionable standing, the ultimate collapse of which would have had unfortunate consequences. ‘Thus far the Federal Reserve Board has gained its objective without resort measures which might have ad- versely affected business and disturbed international credit relationships. The market has felt a power at which it was at first inclined to scoff. Its confidence in the stability of underlying conditions remains unshaken, but it is in no mood to resume the interrupted orgy. Despite widespread eriticism, the credit system gl (l’l;e country seems to be in firm ands. How About the “8's"? From the Beattle Daily News. ‘The Cuban Ambassador, Orestes Ferrara, says the countries of the West- tern Hemisphere should strive to elimi- nate snobbishness. Well, he might start by getting the owners of six- cylinder cars to stop high-hatting the four-cylinder contingent. pemie e e Labor Sorely Needed. From the Charlotte (8. C.) News. England is to have a Labor govern- ment, and if Teports as to unemploy- ment’ over there are not exaggerated, that is the sort it sorely needs. S Husbhand Only Thing Left. From the Portland (Oreg.) Daily Journal. Two women who were neighbors talked over the back-yard fence. “Did she leave her husband?” asked one. “Yes, but she took everything else,” sald the other. S Germany “Please Remit.” From the Indianapolis Star. Germany now has nothing more to do with the urnuonl problem than to ohaarve the “plasee remit” slauss, characterized, Mr. Hovey reports, by two | K. K. ANSWERS TO ‘This is a § solely to the ial department devoted | andling of queries. This | paper puts at your disposal the services | of an extensive organization in Wash- | ington to serve you in any capacity that !f'ellws to information. This service is Failure to make use of it deprives you of benefits to which you are entitled. Your obligation is only 2 cents, in coin or stamps, inclosed with your inquiry for direct reply. Address The Evening | Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Q. What part of the Constitution bears upon the question of quizzing Congressmen concerning _ statements made upon the floor?>—H. B. A. According to the Constitution of | the United States, Senators and Repre- | sentatives “shall not be questioned in | any other Kln:e for any subject of de- | bate in either House. Q. Why does a gasoline wagon carry a chain which drags upon the ground?— A. The Bureau of Standards says | that gasoline trucks are equipped with chains to prevent the accumulation of static electricity on the truck. Q. Has Mount Everest ever been climbed to the very top?—A. C A. Mount Everest has not been suc- | cessfully climbed. Three attempts were | made to climb it—in 1921 an elevation of 23,000 fect was reached, in 1922 27,300 feet and in 1924 28,000 feet. | Q. How many business failures were there in 1928?—F. M. B. A. Commercial failures in the United States for the year 1928 numbered 23,- 2. Q. When was the amnesty proclama- !‘!flri Eade during the Cf ‘War?— A. The original amnesty proclamation at the close of the Civil War was made by President Lincoln on December 8, 1863. Another proclamation bearing on | this was made March 26, 1864. Q. How 1is Sir Arthur Quiller- Couch'’s last name pronounced?—J. S. A. A. It is pronounced as if spelled “Kootch.” Q. Are there more licensed pilots than there are licensed planes?—R. R. L. A. There are approximately 5,671 licensed pilots and 7,000 licensed air- planes at the present time. Q. What country invented ctua- tion?—B, C. Y vt A. As early as the fourth century B.C. Greeks were beginning to punctu- ate slightly, but it was in Alexandria | that an organized system of punctua- | tion was being developed. Q. Are any of the veterans of the Mexican War still living?—F. J. W. A. There are two veterans surviving— | BY FREDERIC J. HASKI! QUESTIONS “all out.” is said to attain 26 miles an hour. At such times it is generafly be- lieved to derive no small help from its wings, used as salls. Q. Does Ringling Bros. and Barni &Rm&"'! Circus give street parat A. It has given no street wlg since 1920. The size of the show & weight of the equipment are such that i? takes the entire time to get ready for the afternoon performance. Q. Is Knoxville the only city that has matl boxes on its street cars? Why is it done?—C. R. A. The editor of the Electric Rallway Journal says that it is his belief that mail boxes on street cars are used in Des Moines, Iowa, and St. Petersburg. Fli Knoxville, Your question as to why they are used in Knoxville probably can be best answered by saying that their use is a heritage from bygone days. At one time the practice was followed in a considerable number of American cities, although it was never really widespread. Presum- ably the idea was that most cars would pass some central point where collec~ tion could be made and that mail put on board the car in outlying sections of the city would be conveyed rapidly to the central collection point. As a sub- stitute for pillar boxes, however, the street car box is open to the objection that the sender of the letter must wait for a car to come along, whereas he can deposit his letter in a pillar box at any time. As a facility in addition to the pillar box, a street car mail box simply adds to the problem of mail col- lection. Moreover, in recent years the heavy automobile traffic in the city streets has complicated the problem of collecting from car mail boxes. At the same time the development of the auto- mobile has stmplified the problem of collecting from pillar boxes. Hence, the discontinuance of the use of mail boxes on street cars appears to have been & natural development. Q. What kind of potatoes make the best potato chips?—M. A. A. Green Mountain potatoes and Rural New Yorkers are considered amrmg the best varieties for potato chips. Q. How should a white boy make-up = take & negro part in a play?>—K. 13 A. The Art of Make-up says: “For a negro make-up do not use black grease paint or burnt cork; they are for the minstrel. Use a dark or medium brown. Do not leave ake-up off the lips in the attempt to make thick lips. You will have the minstrel effect again. Cover the lips with the brown and use fals2 teeth to make them appear heavy. | Do not make the eyebrows heavy.” Q. Please give the realnames of John Gfilbert, Nancy Carroll, Billle Dove, Marion Davies, Richard Dix, Owen Thomas Edgar, Was n, D. C. aged 97, and Willilam F. Buckner, Paris, Mo., aged 102. | posrie | Q. How many children of school age | are there in China?—F. 8. A. It is estimated that there are ap- proximately 87,000,000 children of school years in China. The new school sys- tem, although developing rapid) reaches only 8,000,000. | Q. What is the average weight of an | getrich, and how fast can it travelz— A. A full grown male bird stands some 8 feet high, from the crown of its head to the ground, and weighs about 300 pound:. Its speed, when running | yfl? Page and Joan Crawford—M. A. We submit the following list motion picture stars, together with. their names: John Gilbert, John ™ Pringle; Nancy Carroll, Nancy Lahiff: Billie Dove, Lillian Bohny; Marion Davies, Marion Douras; Richard Dix, Ernest Brimmer; Anita Page, Anita ;cmm’?; Joan Crawford, Lucille Le ueur. Q. Are snakes poisonous to them- selves’—E. C. G. A. The Biological Survey says that snakes have resistance to their own poison, like all poisonous animals. How~ ever, they can be killed by a great amount of their own poison. Is Milestone Greater confidence in the commercial possibilities of the airplane has been created by the world record in sus- tained flight established at Fort Worth, Tex., by Robbins and Kelly. By stay- ing in the air more than a‘week, they further demonstrated the practicability of refueling, thus bringing near the globe-circling that has been in the minds of aviators. It is observed also that, using a plane which was not built for the purpose, they gave an illuminat- ing motor test. “The thing that Robbins and Kelly did that is of lasting significance,” in the opinion of the Fort Worth Star- Telegram, “is that they demonstrated | in a very effective way that the modern airplane is definitely and completely subject to human control,” and that paper also lauds “its psychological ef- fect on the public, the building up of public confidence in aviation.” “Jules Verne, Nelly Bly, the Army world flyers, Linton Wells, Ed Evans and the Question Mark must take a back seat,” says the Syracuse Herald, as it views the possibilities of world flight with arrangements for refueling at stated intervals, and adds: “It won't be long before this is being done. With superplanes, capable of much greater speed, the time will be cut. Of course, there is no point in dashing around the world just for the trip, but the prin- ciple of long, sustained flight, by refuel- ing, will be used to get men and money and invaluable materials across great distance in the briefest time.” * K kX “The achievement may be taken to indicate that the limit of human and mechanical endurance has not yet been reached,” avers the Chattanooga Times, with a look forward to “the non-stop flight around the world, and the Muncie Star argues that “if a plane can remain aloft a week, it is certain that a craft will be constructed capable of adding to the mere element of time the ability to overcome different tempera- tures. air currents and general weather conditions which would be encountered on a world flight.™ “Continuous flight makes for shorter | time. It could be made a factor in speedier commercial flying,” according | to the Kensas City Star. “It might| be of much use in warfare, especially at sea. On the land, refueling in the alr now is feasible at points where it would be impossible or hazardous to land.” This development is given high rank also by the Bangor Daily Com- mercial, with the further comment: “Feasibility of refueling had been pre- viously demonstrated, but each recur- rence indicates that the action is be- coming almost of a routine nature.” “If the Fort Worth had averaged 150 miles an hour,” it is pointed out by the Memphis Commercial Appeal, “it could have more than flown around the world. And 150 miles an hour is rather slow | for fast airplanes.” The Grand Raplds | Press emphasizes the fact that “an im- mediate possibility is the use of refuel- ing to prove westward trips practicable across the North Atlantic to New York and Chicago, either by a refueling serv- ice from planes carried by ships on the trade routes or by stationing of planes for this purpose in Sweden, Greenland | and Northern Canada on the Hassell| route.” | * % “New York to Los Angeles without | changing planes or coming down to earth for refueling not only can be but will be the next step.” thinks the Tucson Arizona Star, and the Dubuque Ameri- can Tribune finds value in the Fort Worth flight as “testing the endurance of engines and pilots for the round- the-world air trips which will soon come.” “With rather monotonous regularity American airmen are demonstrating their mastery of the ether as well as their own personal bravery and their powers of endurance,” asserts the Rock Island Argus, while the Toledo Blade is impressed by the fact that “the men who design these sturdy and smooth- running pieces of machinery and the men who build them and put them together have a big place in the spec- tacle and business of Aviation.” e \Fort Worth’s Record Flight in Air Advance now set, but without exciting the pro- found interest which has been mani- fested in this case.” “The most pleasing thing about ths whole affair,” as observed by the Houston_Chronicle, “is the fact that neither R. L. Robbins nor James Kelly had any important financial backing when they set out to wing their way into aerial immortality. They smashed the record on a shoestring in & rebuilt monoplane.” The Dallas Journal also sees the event as “made all the more remarkable by the fact that the two could in no sense be termed seasoned pilots.” The Texarkana Gazette de- scribes the achievement as “a demon- stration of what individual perserver- ance and grit can accomplish.” * X K “When the American ‘people fully un- derstand that there is no more danger in fiying under proper conditions in a well serviced plane than there is in mo- toring under proper conditions in a well serviced automobile,” says the Great Falls Tribune, “a new era of trans- portation will have been opened, the ultimate possibilities of which it is dif- flcult for us at present to conceive.” The San Antonio Express also states that “this feat promises further impor- tant developments for commercial avia- tion, which everywhere will benefit by the Texas pilots’ achievement,” and the Shreveport Journal feels that “there is no end of the possibilities growing out of the records established.” ‘The Manchester Union presents the summary: “They have triumphed over weather conditions. They have shown the abllity of aviators to stand up un- der the strain of several days’ flight. In all this they have done ir part to convince such doubters as may have been left to question the possibilities of covering great distances in heavier- than-air machines.” Newton at White House Known as Liaison Officer From the Loulsville Courier-Journal. ‘Walter H. Newton, the Chief Exec- utive’s third secretary, will be a liaison officer, a go-between, a contact man for the President and executive depart- ments. In this capacity he is certain to become the private information bureau for the White House on what has been done, what is being done and what & is planned to do in each cabinet member’s particular branch of the Government. Naturally, & man in such a position as that created for Mr. Newton should be able to relieve the President of a great deal of personal attention to de- tail. In a measure he should become the President's alter ego. Heads of cer- tain independent agencies like the Ship ping Board and Veterans' Bureau have in the past made their reports person- ally to the President, rather than to Congress. The job of keeping a finger on the pulse of these departments would be that of the liaison secretary. ‘The executive departments make thelr reports annually to Congress and nominally are responsible to no one else. However, the President, who ap- points them, is held responsible, or theoretically held responsible, by the third secretary’s task probably would be to keep in touch with what the de- artments are doing and what they tend to do, rather than to digest re- ports of past performances. Newton's services may be made most useful to the President in the work of reorganizing and realigning the ad- ministrative machinery of the Govern- ment—work which Mr. Hoover has promised to perform and which he is highly capable of performing. ——or—s. Something to Talk About. From the Evansville Courier and Journal. People seem to enjoy going to the talkles 80 they can tell their friends how they don't like ‘em. Ficxrc Tt for Youreelf. From the Muncie Btar. Dayton Daily News takes this look into the future: “The endurance flight of the future will beyond the recerd S So far nobody has figured that the Zeppelin's monkeyshines = may e gorilla