Evening Star Newspaper, April 20, 1929, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With lll‘l! Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C./ SATURDAY.......April 20, 1920 .THEODORF W. NOYES....Editor The Evening sur.‘P'Jmupet Company Busl Oqu 11th 8t. lndnhnmy ivania Ave. Office: 14 hetwb 8t l‘n“n. Englane f New e per t'the end of each month. Orders may be sent in by mail of telephons Main 8000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. nd and Virginia, 0.00; 1 mo., oo,:m_m day only All Other States and fly and Sunday..l yr.,$12.00: 1 mo., $1.00 only .. “1yr., $8.00; 1 mo, ise ay. only 1 yr, $5.00; 1 mo. 60c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is cxclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- R-tehn credited to it or not otherwise cred- ed in this paper an the local news published herein. C al e ‘Al rights of publication of pecial dispatches herein are also reserved. The New Judgeship. By training, experience and natural aptitude Alfred A, Wheat of New York is undoubtedly qualified for the mem- bership on the District Supreme Court, for which he has been chosen by Presi- dent Hoover. He will take his place as judge on a distinguished bench with the good will and the good wishes 6f the Washington community he now must serve. He is congratulated upon the honor and distinction that come to him as a reward for meritorious service. But at the same time, fortunately able in this case to dismiss personalities and confine discussion to the issue involved, ‘Washington regards with regret and a keen disappointment application of the prineiple of filling local offices by the selection of men whose residence and affiliations have marked them as being strangers, crediting such appointments to the States and overlooking entirely the field of qualified and able candi- dates presented by our own community. If there was no such field, this ques- tion, of course, could not be ralsed. The President’s duty requires him to choose the best of available material, without regard to the business of satis- fying local pride. But Washington's bar has always numbered in its mem- bership men who possess the qualifica- tions and who hold the respect, the esteem and the indorsement of the community. This was true in the pres- ent instance. That the President failed to take the opportunity of filling a local office by the selection of a Washington man, and appointed, instead, one who previously had been recommended for a Federal judgeship in New York, is the source of keen regret. This is accentuated by study of the list of nineteen distinguished citizens of New ‘York who sponsored the selection of Mr. Wheat. Among them one falls to find the name of a single Washing- tonian. No such condition conceivably could exist in the States, blessed with the privilege of actively participating in the construction of the Nation’s political machinery, expectant of and demanding the rewards of good citizenship. But here in politically impotent Washingtor: there is the ever-present threat which lies in the bestowal of rewards in the name of political expediency, with the local community holding the bag and taking the consequences. In the case of Mr. Wheat there is nothing of the sort to be feared. The President has selected a man who came to Washington in his youth, who re- ceived his legal education here, who served the community as & teacher in the public schools, and who, after transferring his residence and his in- terests to Brooklyn, came back to Wash- ington as a public servant. He is not, therefore, an unknown stranger. His #bility has been tested in the exacting office of assistant solicitor and acting solicitor general of the United States. ‘The President could have gone farther afleld than he did, and Washington is glad that he did not. ——— e It is evident that Col. Lindbergh is quite reconciled to the possibility that he will not receive wedding presents from all the people who were 50 eager to shower him with gifts just after his wonderful aviation achievement. —_—e—————— Publication of the backers of men for high official position falls back on the 1926 by 5,362. /But last November, the Hoover tide running strong, won from Moore with Republicans & few months ago. Both the Democrats and the Republicans may be expected to conduct intensive campaigns in the coming battle, the former to re- gain lost ground and the latter to hold the advantage which they obtained as a result of the November election. The President’s Plea. President Hoover's statement on farm legislation, deploring the fact that “some farm organizations are again divided on measures of agricultural relief,” served yesterday to call attention to the most serious obstacle which has in the past prevented the passage of farm legisla- tion. As the President has very properly said, it should not be permitted to in- terfere now with the prompt passage of the proposed farm bill. The farmers are entitled to a measure of relief. The bill which has been reported to the House, providing for the creatfon of a strong Federal farm board and stabilization corporations, is a measure upon which all have been able to agree. When it comes, however, to the interjection of the so-called export debenture . plan, contained now in the Senate bill, an- other situation arises. ‘The debenture plan, which is a Gov- ernment subsidy slightly disguised, has been sponsored by the National Grange. The American Farm Bureau Federation in the past was the particular sponsor of the old equalization fee principle, which was not a Government subsidy, but was & tax upon the farmers them- selves to meet losses due to the mar- keting of exportable surplus crops abroad. The two plans are diametrical- 1y oppesed in principle. The ghost of the equalization fee plan was laid in the last presidential election. But now the debenture plan has been seized upon by some of those inclined to be critics of the administration in the present Congress. Because the President, out of a due regard for the right of Congress to draft legislation and submit it to the Chief Executive, failed to announce his opposition to the debenture plan, some of these legislators have undertaken to assume that the President was not against this subsidy plan. Perhaps the administration would have been in a bet- ter position today had the President definitely turned ‘his back on the de- benture plan when a committee of the Senators called upon him recently to get his views regarding it. The politics of the situation which has arisen has several angles. In the first place, there are the opponents of the administration on the Republican side of the Senate chamber, Norris, Blaine, La Follette, with perhaps a few others. It is quite clear they would be delighted to put the President “in a hole” if they could. Then, on the other side of the aisle, are the Democrats, thinking of future elections. If they stand for the debenture plan and the pending bill is passed without the debenture plan and does not bring the farmers the measure of relief which the farmers expect, the Democrats have an issue ready to their hands in the con- gressional elections next year. There is still a third element in the situation which is Having its effect. Republican Senators and Representatives from the big farm States of the West, willing enough to support the administration but who must come up for re-election, many of them in 1930, fear that if they stand against the debenture plan now and the pending farm bill is not a success, they will have strong opposi- tion from Republican sources in their own States when they seek renomina- tion. And so it is politics which again troubles the waters of farm relief legis- lation. And in large measure the farm- ers themselves are to blame. As Presi- dent Hoover has pointed out, it is the division among the farmers themselves which has been at the root of the dif+ fculty of enacting farm legislation. These differences of opinion among the farm organizations have given the poli- ticlans their opportunity’ to throw monkey wrenches into the machinery. It is time for the farmers now to put aside their differences and to make it possible for the Congress to get through a bill which will receive the approval of the President—a bill which measures good old adage to the effect that a person is best known. by the company he keeps. —_— e { A Kentucky Test. The Republicans made a greater gain in congressional strength in Kentucky in the elections last November than in any other Southern or border State. Six seats in the House of Representatives formerly held by Democrats were won by Republican candidates as President Hoover carried the Blue Grass State over the Democratic nominee, Alfred E. Smith, This was a tremendous turn- over, leaving the Democrats only ‘two members of the entire Kentucky dele- gation in the House, Heretofore the Democrats have held eight of the eleven House seats and the Republicans three. ‘The recent death of Representative- ielect ©. W. Roark, the Republican who captured the hitherto Democratic third Kentucky -district, will make necessary ‘s special election to fill the vacancy in the House. ‘And this election will, in a measure, provide a test to determine whether Kentucky -is really ‘becoming more Republican or whether it was the opposition_in the State to election of 'Mr. Smith as President and the prefer- 'ence for Mr. Hoover that was. entirely ! yesponsible for the results in:the gen- * eral election last Fall 4 Already John W. Moore, who was the up to the Republican national platform of the last campaign. It is time,.as the President 'has said in his message to Congress, “to make a start.” If further legislation is needed, it can be under- taken later. The pending farm bill in the House, in the belief of the adminis- tration, will be of aid to the farmers. It should be enacted into law.: In his plea to’the farmers to stand together, the President has struck back over the heads of the politicians, in the Senate and out, who have sought to create a difficult situation by sponsoring the debenture plan. It is evident that if the farmers themselves'batk up the at- titude of - the President, the politicians will make little progress in their efforts to hamstring the bill. — e Science claims that it will be able to produce glants. The idea seems useless. THe supply is already greater than the sideshow demand. Vo Washington's Underworld. “I am convinced there is a great un- derworld. in’ Washington:” ' This® state< ment is made by the Rev. Moses R. Lovell, pastor of the «Mount - Pleasant Congregational Church; as the. result of beth's.-Hospital and one of the fore- maost psychiatrists in the United States, for much of the inspiration-which led The average person’ lives behind o mask, Watch persons passing along the street, says the miuister. They talk and, smile and seem perfectly happy. Yet, “nine out of ten” of them are bearing up under secret fears and sor- | polq rows of which the world ‘has no reali- zation. These are the patrons of the Life Adjustment Oenter. It is quite different from a mental hygiene clinic, such -as is about to be established by the Council of Social Agencies. This . will. deal: mostly with persons who display definite behavior abnormalities. ‘Willard C. Smith, pres- ident of the - Monday Evening Club, | ¥} which ‘has sponsoredthe- plans for the clinic up to this time, estimates that there are at least five: thousand in ‘Washington, many of them in the pub- lic schools, who require this sort of treatment. But the Life Adjustment Center deals mostly. with those who do not display abnormalities, but,k who need . more strength to bear heavy burdens. —_— Editors in Convention. There is real significance in the fact that there exists such an organization as the American Society of Newspaper Editors and that it can assemble here in Washington and talk shop. For the organization, the meetings and the dis- cussions indicate an awakened sense of responsibilty on the part of those who conduct what Senator Capper yester- day characterized as one of the Nation's most important public utilities. Senator Capper suggested, not altogether in the sense of tossing a bouquet to himself and to his fellow journalists, that with- out the newspapers the Government of this counfry would undoubtedly perish. But the issue which brings these editors together and leads them to debate the best methods of handling their elusive commodity, news, is not one which con- cerns the fate of the Government and the country'if the newspapers.did not exist. Their problem concerns what is happening, and what may happen, to the Government and' the country while the newspapers continue to exist. ‘They assemble today to discuss the part they are playing in the bullding of a nation. Most of them have long since buried their personalities in the anon- ymity of their columns, and dedicated those columns to serving the common interest and reflecting the temper and tHe wishes of the communities they serve. Public servants, they look for the rewards and realize the penalties that lie in public service. An effort and = desire to improve this service are natural to expect from a group of men whose influence, for good and bad, is so great, whose responsibili- ties increase as their power grows. e R Patriots who desire a change of the inauguration date may as well reconcile themselves to cutting out April as a sure-thing month. e Germany is polite enough in expres- sion, yet brings & note of finality to the inquiry, “What is an I O. U. among friends?” ——— If he desires a drink, Cole Blease says he takes it and makes no effort what- éver to appear diplomatic about the matter, —————— Those responsible for financial affairs in Europe may feel inclined to call ‘in some more: expert business doctors. A night club ‘hostess-benefits by the claim that she is not &' hostess at all, but only s hired girl. SHOOTING STARS. BY w ”Wl. % A Word from Winchester. , ‘We hail the Cherry Blossom every year And worshipers from -all the lands - draw near—. This blushing: Queen upon an Emerald ‘Throne—. Yet we have Apple Blossoms of our own, 80, as we recognize a beauteous debt, Our - treasures, .cherished long, we can't forget. With modesty, yet pride, we make it That we have Apple Blossoms " of - our’ “Why don’t you make more speeches?” ' “We've, got plenty of ‘good speech- we;need, now: is more sudience.” ' «Grabbing the’ Spotlight. . will bring’s loss of power The dandelion is a handsome flower, But makes. himself too prominent and Chian et . No Further Assistance. . ' “Does your wife drive from the back seat?” : “Not any more,” declared Mr.-Chug- “He who wishes fo.play all his life,” ¢ | ment Whose links aims of human Lincoln’s Gettysburg address, it is very short, but it. clfi renewed atten- e averafs moan siop and think In the a man and : midst of the everyday hubbub. What he. says has been sald before, but probably never better, especially since it ¢omes from a philosopher and scientist who is popularly believed to ‘The very brevity of the message-tell- ing of the mathematician will make its appeal, wheréas a lengthy essay upon the subject might have left the world id. “In our-time-* * ¢ there still lives an appreciation for the eternal aims of the human' spirit.” And this, he says, in spite of much striving after power and luxury, which he brands as “ill-omened.” ) ‘With the, modesty of the man who sees the world, as it is, with. all its scarcely-to-be-reconciled aims, Prof. Einstein nevertheless h:‘l And if such a man has it—and this is what interests us most—it would seem that the rest of us ought to have it, and to cling, to it, despite the striking manifestations involved in power and luxury.” - ' In an.invéntive and scientific age, the thi of the human spirit often seem to fall by the wayside. The finer things of life are often so fine that one s “from mentioning them in ublic. . Thus propaganda, blatant in- ant of ' the age, precocious beyond words, seldom mentions them. As for the “eternal aims” of this same spirit, many profess to regard them as musty, perhaps fit for Sunday and state occaslons, but scarcely to be regarded as interesting as other sub- jects, say the comparative merits of two new motor cars. That & man who deals primarily with mathematical abstractions found it’ expedient to speak solely of ‘“the eternal airhs’ of the human splrit” when' ‘he answered a cablegram of congratuldtion ought to be inspiring to millions. v . * ok ROk In these very aims lie the hope and happiness of the human race. Out of them and-through them has come such rm[reu as mankind knows. This sub- lime progression, from cruelty to love, has been along the path of the human spirit. The _greatest scientists have recogn! this no less than the greatest philosophérs and theologians. It does not come by knowledge alone, for know- ing is often cruel, or indifferent, which almost amounts to the same thing. It does not. arrive through meditation alone, for faith without works is vain. Only hfl:h! best and most enlight- ened tholight of the best and most enlightened ‘men, at any one time and place in history and the world, has come stch progress as humanity may lay claim to.. These thoughts often have been thought at great peril and rough eternal aims of 2 * k ok ¥ ‘There is a continuity down the cen- turies, a chain of cn& ht and senti- are to another before it falls. ; ‘This chain, this torch, this eternal aim, is the human desire to know, to learn, to be. In its latter phase it often leads to what Einstein has called *ill- omened striving after power and. lux- ury.” . 80 forget their better aims and concen- trate on attempts to emulate Divinity, and to mass up for themselves.luxury beyond common sense, that they meet the- disapproval of the thoughtful. These same itful,- whether sci- f"",’,:; exis’u‘uve‘ or lP:olodln.‘un; m In mi of ‘much wrorigdoin clear eternal. aim of " which would keep all the best that man- kind has evolved, and’go ‘on"to better building in the future. This divine task is at once inspiring and perplexing to humanity, probably as much so to an Einstein or a Spinoza or a Galileo as to any one of the mil- lions of sincere churchgoers of this or any other land. The way is dark, indeed, along the divine path which the Creator, in an inscrutable manner, mapped out. There are some rks, age-old, which some seem to fear may disappear, never to come again. Mostly such fear seems groundless. ‘Whether one is killed by the latest ap- pliances of war, or by the ancient metg- od of a sharp knife through the heart, the grief of those left behind will be none the less sincere, and the same in either case; word forms may change, but human emotions never, * ok Kk ‘Those who are steeped in selfishness, who think only of themselves, may well heed Prof. Einstein’s brief sermon. Are they merely wolves in the pack of life, treading the path of prey, or are they true human beings in the best sense, with some appreciation for the aims of the human spirit? ‘Those who see injustice and let it pre- vail, although they have the power to make justice reign, need to ponder on tae‘ unmathematical message of Ein- stein, ‘There has been a great how-dee-do about this man writing formulae no one could understand—at least only a dozen men in the world could understand— but here is a message of very ordinary symbols, which any one can understand. “You meet to celebrate a myth bear- ing my name.” The scientist meant that the intent of his work was more than its content, even should later centuries bear out his findings to, the letter. He is proudest of the fact that he senses in himself a human being who has an appreciation for the eternal aims of the human spirit; that he is a link in the chain, a hand which passes on the torch of true knowledge and un- derstanding. ‘What makes him happy is that there are thousands of others, in every land, who are: his brothers in the noble periment of this world, and who preciate with him the high aims of tI spitit of humanity. Solution of Oil Problem Seen In Proposed Interstate Pact A practicable solution of the oil in- dustry’s overproduction problem is seen by many newspaper editorial writers in the proposal of Secretary Wilbur of the Interior Department that the oil producing States enter into a conserva- tion compact with the covoperation of the Federal Government. “Mr. Wilbur proposes to sound local sentiment by consulting the governors of the dominant oil States,” says the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. “We believe -he will find those executives eager to co-operate. At any rate, the conserva- tion plan outlined by Mr. Wilbur was in substanée recommended more than 10 years ago by Oklahoma's able war governor, R. L. Williams. He was ahead of his time in perceiving and denounc- ing the wasteful practices of the oil in- dustry and ln%h:h: conservation by State regulation. t the present heads of the various State governments re- alize the. necessity of reform by con- certed action may reasonably be - as- sumed. Anyhow, the Hovoer - tration has rolled up its sleeves and got mbvlork on ‘this enormously important “The. p! interstate compact is right in principle,” aserts the Newark Evening News. “Mr. Wilbur suggests that the !'edlenl &ve mfint, through conj ac x become & party to 2;. presumably “in ' some . such manner as it is a party to the Colorado River States’ compact. If the plan can be made to work, well and good. Results tal Wilbur has - corrected .the impression given by ‘Attorney ‘General - Mitchell's opinion Mlfilnfi il produgers’ con- servation &n 1l tl.l‘w&! ldmlnfi’lr:rlflbn confijct between th; "]:l:l: The proposed action, according o the San: Prancisco Chronicle, “is another way, perhaps, of doing what might be accomplished by the laborious process : Congress and the oll States ; tru M v l.fimc?l:mum thelr i own mmre.yzvp:}nmnm action be- “The arid States revised the old rules for taking water treams,” the Rochester Times- that the ‘“oil m ME to revise the oi" to the underground “The' reglon that has oil has great 1 and pow:rfl‘ ohn‘;v?: und for s time, and owned flelds when Mr. Hoover withdrew such lands from further leasing indi- cate that this is no idle dream. It is by no means impossible that, in the long run, Government regulation of the oil industry will become as necessary as Government regulation of the rail- roads. This would, of course, involve price fixing, just as it has in the case of the railroads, and Mr. Hoover is op- posed to price fixing on general prin- ciples. But if all other remedies failed, then Government intervention, even to the extent of price fixing, would become T tomhrmation of th ggestions, confirmation of these su; 3 the Butte Montana Standard comments: ‘dmey h':,ve be'etl;l :ecmr_xe'ha a lot about our posterity. at obligation is admitted by all. Still there seems to be a consensus of opinion that the present generation s id not be impeded or handicapped in the great task of de- velopment and progress with which the citizens of this State are engaged. They have overcome many difficulties. The vaunted resources of the region have been closely guarded. has been beset with obstacles ‘that older regions of the country have not known.. These are considerations which, perhaps, ‘re- ceived little attention when the new re- Strictions upon oil development were de- termined at Washington.” The Stand- drd contends that: its own -State and Wyoming will “bear the brunt” of the Go.l!hzmmuent ‘pollc,m e Great Falls Tribune syggests that the Government might ‘“conserve the tremendous losses now known to be everyday occurrences in States like Ok- lahoma, Texas and California, and per- mit. Montana and some of the other States to go ahead with legitimate de- velopment work.” 5 . pré‘é Law Puts Fear Into Alcohol Trade From the Kansas City Journal-Post. The Jones act seems to have given new vigor to enforcement officers and caused terror to law violators which the tainty of jail or penitentiary sentences caused alarm among keepers of drink to add fines and the cost of I de- fense to the overhead. But '.hzre"‘lu no traditional activity of a new broom. But determined fear or favor, continuously sporadically, there -fllmblt far more effective force~ ment of the law than has been hereto- fore known. It is reported that many saloon ers in tRe larger cities have closed places outright. Transfers of manage- ment, and ostensibly of ownership, have not, been uncommon, but the actual closing of places is something new. ‘There is another unusual manifesta~ s of tion. | the'stock of- That’s Why They’re Experts. News W that “ex- the human spirit, | hend Volstead act never inspired. The cer-| by this establishments, who were always Teady | aog i H g th 3838 lor | 30 or 22 pounds a day. Sacred (and Punic Wars and the beginning of the minds of youth with the and spirit of the word of God .++To the present remodeled and en- larged edition are added an introductory article on reading; definitions of the more difficult words in each lesson, in which the proper prorunciation is in- dicated and the part of speech denoted by the usual abbreviations: a notation, to a considerable extent, of the proper inflection and emphasis, together with GQuestions, and explanations of the same; and grammatical questions.” Con- siderable might be said in favor of this grammatical grilling: McGuffey seems to have had doubts about the in- fallibility of the teachers who admin- istered his Readers, for he says: “It may even happen that some of the ques- tions can not be answered by the in- structor. Still, there is nothing which an intelligent teacher of a ‘common school’ might not he expected to learn, or easily acquire.” * K k% The selections in McGuffey's “Eclec- tic Fourth Reader” are divided into “Prose Lessons” and “Poetical Lessons.” In the first group few names of well known authors appear, but Washington Irving, Hawthorne, Addison, Jefferson, Dr. Johnson, Rousseau, Maria Edge- worth, Channing and Daniel Webster are represented. There are a number of anonymous selections and others from the Ladies’ Magazine, Blackwood'’s Magazine and various newspapers. Some of the titles show the ethical na- ture of the lessons: “Respect for the Sabbath Rewarded,” “The Just Judge,” “True and False’ Philanthropy,” “Con- trol Your Temper,” “A Mother’s influ- ence,” “The Intemperate Husband,” “The Righteous Never Forsaken,” “De- cisive Integrity,” “Effects of Gambling,” “Criminality of Dueling” and “An End of all Perfections.” A terrible warn- ing - against vanity is contained in “Death at the Toilet” from the “Diary of a Physician.” A young lady named Charlotte is found “stone .dead,” sit- ting at her toilet table, “grasping a pair of curling irons.” with a “showy gllt bracelet” on each wrist.” Her re- flection in the mirror reveals “with frightful fidelity the clammy, fixed fea- tures daubed with rouge and carmine, the fallen lower jaw and the eyes di- rected full into the glass with a cold stare.” The physician continues, deter- mined to draw a moral from the death of the unfortunate girl: “On examin- ing the countenance more narrowly, I thought I detected the traces of a smirk of conceit and self-complacency, whiech not even the ‘palsying touch of death could wholly obliterate. . . . Tndeed, it was a most humiliating and shocking spectacle. Poor creature! struck dead in the very act of sacrific- ing at the shrine of female vanity.” * kK K 1In, the second group, “Poetical Les- sons,” Shakespeare, Bryant and Mrs. Hemans are favorite authors, but. strangely, Byron furnishes several selections. One of the poems is Mary Howitt’s “Will You Walk Into My Par- lor? Said a Spider to a Fly.” Bryant's “The Dn";h of lt.lh:h t?lowen." M%t:{:il “Apostrophe to ," Byron's e of Waterloo,” Southey’s “Thalaba Among the Ruins of Babylon,” Camp- bell's “Lochiel's Warning,” Young's “Midnight Musings” and a number of extracts from Shakespeare and the Bible are included. An ethical lesson of the type especially approved by Mc- Guffey is contained in the poem, “Pro- crastination,” by ,Young. It begins: “Be wise today: ’tis.madness to defer; Next-day the fatal precedent will plead: Thus on, till wisdom is pushed out of . life, Procrastination is the thief of time: Year after year it steals, till all are fled, And to the mercies of a moment, leaves The vast eonce:m ol‘ln' eternal scene.” * 3 Paris of the Left Bank as it was in the Middle Ages is described by D. Wyndban Lewis in"his “Francois Vil- lon,” which Is really as much a study of medieval Paris as a biography of the vagabond poet of the fifteenth centu From the end of the twelfth cen tury the town of the Left Bank, con- sisting almost entirely of the university, ! the mm' «‘:‘m 'i:e fl"%uh:el-t o century sixty col had’ risen’ on and around the sacred Hill . . . By the end of the century the upiversity sprawled over s great demi- lune ‘of territory, quay, where the .Institut de France now stands, taking a wide sweep behind the Hill of St. Genevieve and its now place ipled now by the Halle aux Vins, but then by the Abbey of St. Victor,” What a picture is given list of bufldlréf and bustling activities! “The map of the University in Villon’s time shows & huge confused lomerat and coll ' Some of this may be ascribed to the | open. * ok k%o . A trip to th “Amer- k‘“r‘lrg e Caribbean, or the “Amer- ke,!v-w their . | that the governor of a State uses in his - | the height of her power between the .{years 146-117 B.C. This marks the € on the| ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. - . Q. How should the cards be engraved official capacity?—G. M. A. They should engraved “the Governor of Virginia” or whatever the State may be. No name is used. va'vm fast do bees produce honey?—| "A. A good hive of bees in a'good lo- | cation can produce a pound of honey | in three-fourths of an hour, or about Q. When were Rome and Spain the| leading nations?—M. O. | A. Histories claim that Rome reached period between the end of the Greek {her own decadency. Spain was the ' “Ooh, la! la! C'est la guerre!” An interview with the late Marshal Foch, commander in chief of the allied armies, was published. in Paris last| Thursday, by the interviewer, Raymond | Racouly. It disclosed what purported to be Marshal Foch's refusal of Premier Clemenceau's demand that Gen. Per-| shing be rejected by the commander in chief of the allied forces as head of the American forces, because, according:to Clemenceau, Gen. Pershing was unwill- | ing to scatter thé American forces as replacements in the armies of the al- | lies, particularly the French, but in-| sisted “stubbornly” in maintaining an | | autonomous American Army, under | American control. * K X % Even after the American victories at Chateau Thierry and St. Mihiel, ac- cording to the Foch interview, Premier Clemenceau wrote on October 21, 1918— three weeks before the armistice—to Marshal Poch, urging that if Pershing | was still stubborn about melting the | Americans into replacements in the | other armies, he should “dismiss” him | 2nd appeal to President Wilson for an- | other commanding officer, but Foch objected and declared that his “method | of commanding, based upon persuasion, | much more than upon severity, was a good one, the only good one,” and so he | resolved to “carry it out to the end.” | From other sources appears evidence | that both Clemenceau and Foch had | something to learn from the com-: mander of the American Expeditionary IParces. and their stories do not coin- cide, as to whether it was Clemenczau ! or Foch—or both—who threatened-Gen. Pershing, although their combined bluf | failed to impress him. Today, formeri Premier Clemenceau “doth protest too | i much” how friendly he is toward Gen. Pershing, and always has been. * K KK History records Gen. Pershing's fa- mous offer to Marshal Foch when the | Germans had almost captured Amiens, which would have completely separated the .French and British armies and made a path open to Paris, d the ! Big Bertha (great gun) March 23, 1913, had begun bombarding Paris from a distance of 70 miles. Quoting from “A Guide to American Battleflelds of | Europe,” prepared by the American | Monument Commission, of which Gen. Pershing is head, the story is told of | Gen. Pershing’s offer of American aid | at Amiens: “Gen. Pershing, appreciating the gravity of the allied position and de- ferring for the moment the execution of his plan of forming an American {Army, went to Gen. Foch while his first drive was in progress and said: “‘I have come to say to you that the | American people would hoid it a great ‘ honor for our troops, were they engaged in the present battle. I ask it of you in my name and in that of the Amer- ican people. There is at this moment no other question than that of fight- ing. Infantry, artillery, aviation—all that we have—are yours to dispose of as you will. Others are coming who will be_as numerous as may be necessary. I have come to say to you that the American people would be proud to be engaged in the greatest battle of his- tory.”” * kK % The book further says: “This mes- sage, expressing confident optimism and » real desire to co-operate, is a true indication of the splendid spirit which characterised the whole Am Arm; in France throughout the war. At that date, there were only 1,200,000 Americans in France. ‘The present writer holds in vivid memory how the stories of that battle of Amiens came to the headquarters of the 2d Army at Fruge (Northern Prance), telling how the battle victims lay in windrows against the wire en- tanglements so that regiments charged over them, as over-a bridge. And a few days later the shells expl in Paris within a few rods from the Gare du Nord, causing - Parisians to shrug shoulders as at a fate staring them in the face, and with a ical - smile, exclaim, “Ah, la Bert| ‘The book continues: “The batile near | Amiens had scarcely died down, when, i on April 9, the Germans broke through the British lines on a front of about 20 miles, along the Lys River, near Armentieres, Their initial advantage was. not well exploited, aithough the; did succeed in capturing Mont Kemmel, which was then occupled by Prench troops, and advancing 12 miles into the British lines.” * ok kX ‘Was it then the only solution of how to fight, that the “inexperienced Americans” must be used as replace- ments ?i‘n .shattered French or British armies Bven before the battle of Amiens came this “incident: . A Prench officer i the; on—and on—they never stop.’ ok kK ‘When that story has been told, some- times the reply has come that that was due to the inexperience of the untried Americans who did not realize -the o | danger they were running into. Maybe . a0 amlle gap ot en the lines, und:rm Ammammn | defeats, leading nation in the fifteenth and six- teenth centuries. < After the consolida- tion of Castille, Aragonne and Leon she reached the pinnacle of her naval pow- ers in 1571, only to start on the down- grade in 1588 after the destruction of the Spanish Armada. Q. How many German Zeppelins were shot down during. the World War?— A. There were .27 Zeppelins officially claimed as shot down by the allies and acknowledged by the Germans as being lost. There wefe 33 semi-oMicially or privately reported as destroyed by the allies, but not officially confirmed. Q. How did the term “squarehead” originate in regard to Scandinavian im- migrants?—C. 8. H. A. “Squarehead” is a slang phrase or term which originated in Australia and was given to German and Scandinavian immigrants. It is commonly supposed that this term was an outgrowth of that applied to Winter wheat, which has close, compact ears. Q. Are the cherry trees within the White House grounds some of those sent from Japan?—A. 8. A. There are 12 Japanese cherry trees within the White House grounds that were sent from the Imperial Gardens, in Japan, and are said to be the only {rees of their kind ever presented from those gardens. ' BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. have been unfair to have permitted American soldiers, trained in taking the initiative in the open, to have been ab- sorbed in defensive replacements, under foreign control. The crisis at Amiens which led to Pershing’s offer was an emergency, and the offer to co-operate in that desperate battle proved the adaptability of our general, though the French premier declared him “stul born.” The main difference between “stubborn” and “firm” is that the first is pigheaded, and the latter is a wis- dom based on intelligent reason and self-rellance. Later, Foch's greatest | boast was that he had resisted Cle- mencesu’s impatience at Pershing's de- termination to make full preparation before American attack, while, todar, Clemenceau’s greatest boest is that he is, and always has been, a personal | friend of Gen. Pershing. * x ok X Every war of the United States has found the Army and Navy untrained— unprepared for battle. Then when war was upon us, civilian authorities—just as Premier Clemenceau in France—have assumed that numbers of men meant an effective fighting force, trained or untrained, so the clamor has been im- mediate and premature for going inte battle, regardless of training. Our own Secretary of State Bryan was assured of the idea that preparedness was un- necessary, for “a million men would spring. to arms overnight?” Yes—a mob! Yet Gen. Upton, a writer of authority on military matters, declares the maxim “that in war, moral force is to physical s three to one.” * kK Ok In every war, the American public has reposed inordinate confidence in the superiority of American mobs to | meet and conquer trained enemies, only to be amazed and humiliated by early At the outbreak of the War of 1812, Gen. Hull, with a force of 300 Regulars and 1,500 Volunteers, under- took to invade Canada from Detroit, and was driven back by Gen. Proctor with | 320 regulars, 400 militia and .600 In- dians, and captured in Detroit. A few days later, the Canadian mili- tia was ignominiously dismissed as in- competent—all credit for the victory being given to the 320 regulars—trained. In that war, according to Huidekoper, “Such were the achievements of the American forces, which numbered not less than 65,000 men, in the face of an enemy never estimated to exceed 1,450, and in reality even less.” Proctor's force which had subdued the Americans under Hull was itself overcome by “a stripling in command of 160 regulars at Fort Stephenson,” although 50,000 | men had been called out in 1812 and 11813 for that service, in vain. | Similar failures opened our Mexican | war, and it is painful to remind a | reader now of our first battle of Bull | Run in the Civil War, when untrained troops fled like sheep. It is within the memory of Spanish. War veterans, how rashly Americans demanded immediate | “On to Havana.” against Gen. Miles’ warning that the Spaniards had_ir | resistible defenses there. Gen. Per- | shing Wanted no such fiascos in France | with unprepared American troops. * k k¥ Here is an American book, published { last year, “Without Censor,” by Thomas | M. Johnson, correspondent of the New | York Sun, which tells the story as it | leaked out at the front—10 or 12 years | before this week’s French controversy came to light: After it had been decided that Gen. Pershing’s force should attack the St. Mihfel salient, 13 days later Marshal Foch changed his plans and ordered that he should not make much more than a feint there, and ‘then prepare to join in the general advance through the Argonne Forest toward Sedan. “But the Americans should fight neither together nor in one place. A small American Army of 250,000 or 300,000 men should attack with the French, west of the Argonne Forest. East of the Argonne the Prench would attack, helped by 100.000 to 150,000 Americans under French command. The rest of the 1200000 then in France would be scattéred in various sectors of the front, under French or British command, working on our services of supply, or in rear training areas. Two French generals—Degoutte, an army commander, and Malcor of the artil lery—should be placed at Geri. Per- shing’s disposition, ‘furnished with suf- ficient power to assure the rapid solu- tion of all questions.’” In plain English—or rather in “par- lez vous"—Gen. Pershing was to turn over the supreme authority to Prench officers of the American forces in battle. 5 “If .we must change our St. Mihiel plans, and fight this new battle in the Meuse-Argonne,’ replied the American commander in chief, ‘we will do it un- der American command and manage- ment, subject only to your general su rvision. You can give us full control to the, Meuse, American Army west of the -Argonne, then the force east of it must not be mixed with French troops, but must be another American army.’ ““This is an emergency, & crisis!’ the “This is the best way