Evening Star Newspaper, December 2, 1928, Page 49

Weiding the Americas (Continued From Third Page.) paper of probably 200 pages to Congress, and the debate on it would have been going on yet; but I took the Canal Zone and let Congress debate, and while the debate goes on the canal does also.” Colombia protested this “triumph of diplomacy” as “an act of war at a time when the two nations were at peace, and a flagrant violation of the public ®ood faith of the United States pledged in the treaty signed in 1846.” Nineteen years after we had acquired the strip of land for the canal we paid Colombia an indemnity of $25,000,000, but we did not offer the “apology” which she had demanded. Meanwhile we had refused to arbitrate the controversy at ‘The Hague. Warns Against Colonization. fn 1912 we virtually gave warning that we would permit no colonization or acquirement of land by Japan at Magdalena Bay, in Mexico. Yet we have not always protested or interfered when European nations have blockaded or bombarded Latin American ports or territory, and even landed troops. What, then, is our true relationship % the other republics of the Western Hemisphere? Js our purpose one of protection of ineir indeper dence or of mere protcction of Amerian commer- cial domination from Ev:opean inter- ference? Our definite relationsh p to the prob- Yems and difficulties of t i1e other Amer- ican republics began D¢cember 2, 1823, when President Monro: sent the mes- sage to Congress whic'1 has since been designated “the Monrc 2 Doctrine.” The so-called holy allianc2 of Central Eu- ropean nations had given evidence of its intention to regain for Spain the South American colonies which had revolted and established independent governments. Russia _independently threatened to extend its sovereignty south along the western coast of North America. Monroe Doctrine. And so Monroe, with the tacit support and approval of the English foreign minister, Canning, declared the opposi- tion of the United States to “any in- terposition for the purpose of oppress- ing” the Latin American republics “or controlling in any other manner their destiny by any European power.” In addition, Monroe declared: “The American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are hence- forth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any Euro- pean powers.” Furthermore, the message stated, it would be dangerous and hostile to the United States should “the allied pow- ers extend their political system to any portion of either continent.” For more than 100 years that doctrine and principle have been upheld by the United States and generally respected by the nations of the Old World.” Yet, while they have protected both our own country and the smaller republics of America from possible encroachments by the monarchies of Europe, they have imposed a heavy obligation on the United States. ‘We have said to the powers across the Atlantic, “You cannot, must not, invade, attack or conquer any of the nations to the south of us, regardless of grievance or_justification.” But, certainly, having said that, we cannot avoid an obligation to protect the legitimate rights of European na- tions and citizens in Latin America. We cannot say to England or to France, “Stand back!” when their citi- zens in a South American country are being ruthlessly killed or pillaged, un- less we are willing to assume the re- sponsibility of restoring and maintain- ing order, or insuring justice. Exercise of Police Power. And so, for the protection of our own interests, for the protection of the in- dependent sovereignty of the Latin American republics and for the protec- tion of the legitimate interests of Old therefore, that misunderstanding of and prejudice against the United States ex- ists throughout Central and South America. We have had to use bullets and bayonets in Latin America to main- tain order and safety for the protection of our own citizens, the citizens of European nations and the people of the southern republics themselves. But bullets and bayonets, no matter how necessary or how judiciously or sparing- 1y used, do not breed good will or in- ternational friendship. They breed hatred and distrust. Our high tariffs on South American products, no matter how necessary; our immigration quotas, do not breed in- ternational good will. Nevertheless, there is general knowl- edge and appreciation throughout Latin America of the fact that without the real friendship and protection of the United States during the last century, most of what are now independent, sovereign republics probably would be European colonies, dependencies, man- dates or protectorates. Conciliator and Shield. ‘Throughout the course of years the United States has acted as a conciliator as well as a shield. Ou- influence has been used to prevent the development in South and Central America of na- tional hatreds and animosities such as have rent asunder the Old World. We have attempted, and largely succeeded, in maintaining a unity of political prin- ciples and ideals throughout Latin America; a faith in government of the people, for the people and by the people. There are, of course, what may be termed ‘“dictatorships” in Central and South America. Nevertheless, the form and the ideal of a free govern- ment for the benefit of the governed has been kept alive. Our general problem in Latin Amer- ica, and the one that makes Mr. Hoo- ver’s visit to the southern republics so desirable and necessary, is to allay sus- picion and distrust of our motives. We must convince the people of a whole continent and of the half continent im- mediately south of us that in the words of Elihu Root, uttered in 1906: “We neither claim nor desire any rights or privileges or powers that we do not freely concede to every American re- public.” ‘We must give definite assurance that the people and the Government of the United States do not sanction interna- tional loans and business practices con- ceived in fraud and designed to exploit instead of benefit the people of the borrowing nation. Must Convince Neighbors. ‘We must bring to our southern neigh- bers conviction of the fact that it is no part of our national ambitions to extend the territory over which the flag of the United States floats. We must convince others, as we our- selves are convinced, that we will re- move our Marines from Caribbean re- publics as soon as the peoplé of those nations are able to establish and main- tain stable governments for the protec- :i;m“ :fi :heltrh own l"l':vesr and property vell as the r of f L de‘z’xlls ig] foreign resi. ‘e must make apparent to the - ple of Latin America the fact that-pe v?e do not expect to gain trade from them without helping in the development of their own resources and industries for their own benefit. Our own prosperity and national well being are dependent upon the material welfare and good will of our neighbors. Our total trade with Mexico amounts to less than $250,000,- 000. Our trade with Canada, though its population is less than that of Mex- ico, exceeds $1,300,000,000. Mr. Hoover Qualified. For these tasks Mr. Hoover is emi- nently qualified by nature, education and_experience. The mere fact that he has recognized the importance of our relationships with Latin America is proof of the determined effort that will be made throughout his administration as President to better those relations. ‘There are misconceptions, misunder- ‘World nations, we have for many years exercised what might be called a “police power.” I do not know of any policeman who has ever won a “popularity contest.” Certainly the United States has gained neither gratitude nor fortune by its in- terventions in Latin American imbro- glios. The one thing that it has ac- complished is the maintenance of at least the semblance of “government by the people” throughout 20 nations to the south of us. That achievement is worth the cost and the effort—if we really believe in our own form of gov- ernment, Since the World War we have be- come the banker, the source of credit, not only for European nations, but for those of Latin America as well. neither has any banker, to. edge,” ever won a popi 3 ‘The man who loans money, ‘8t interest, and demands payment at the due date, - whether the loan has proved, profitable to the borrower or not, is more often the ds\\lluec!. of harsh remarks than kind words. Prior to the war the industrial de- velopment of Latin America was very largely financed in the money markets of Europe. If several million dollars were needed for the building of a rail- road in Peru, the construction of an electric generating plant in Brazil, or a large-scale mining development in Chile, funds were secured in London, Paris or Berlin. The war changed that situation: Lon- don, Paris and Berlin now are borrow- ing money in New York for the re- construction and development of European and Asiatic industries. If a Central or South American municipality or industry needs money the best mar- ket in which to go shopping is New York. Latin American Loans. Already our loans and investments in Latin America approximate $5,000,000,- 000. Between $450,000,000 and $525,- 000,000 are invested in Argentina. Bo- livia, which most Americans would have difficulty in locating on a map of the world, has borrowed from America be- tween $80,000,000 and $100,000,000. The great sugar industry of Cuba, as well -as its electric light,plants, other public utilities and industries are - nanced by American capital to the ex- tent of from $1,250,000,000 to $1,500,- 000,000. In Mexico our loans and in- vestments exceed $1,000.000,000. In Chile $500.000,000 are helping to de- velop industries and bring prosperity to the people of that nation. We have, therefore, something more than a purely idealistic interest in the progress of Latin American develop- ment and in the stability of the govern- ments to the south. We are buying from and selling to South America $1,- 000,000,000 worth of products annually. We are the chief customer of, the chief source of supply for, most of Latin America. We have displaced European nations, both as seller of credit and seller of merchandise to Central and South America. Naturally, Europe is not pleased. A great English newspaper says we are on the “slippery slope o imperialism.” European newspap and periodicals widely read or quoted throughout Latin America portray the United States as a heartless money lender to and exploiter of our southern neighbors In many ways, Europe is closer to South America than is the United States. Throughout the southern con- tinent Spanish and Portugese are the languages of the people. The great cities of Europe are as near, geographi- cally, as our own large centers. The ehips that reach South American ports are English, German or Italian ves- sels: even many of those that carry cargoes to the United States. The lit- erature, the art, the culture of South America are largely European. Great Immigrant Tide. ‘The emigrants frorn Europe. barred from the United States by our immi- gration quotas, are entering So America in vast numbers. There are 1,000,000 Italians in Argentina. Brazil has 1.000,000 German immigrants, more than 500,000 Italian colonists and more thag 400,000 Portugese settlers. J¢ is only -natural and do be expected, THE only gift of its kind in the world. The only set of books where all the knowledge of the world has been interestingly written in terms that children could understand, and yet kept in encyclopedic form so that they could get at it. Already in less than six years, the parents in over 250,000/ homes and the teachers in over 35,000 schools are proclaiming Compton’s as the greatest forward step for children in the history of learning. ‘Think what Compton’s will Write . .. Phone. .. Wire ... or Use This your THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €. DECEMBER 9 o 1928—PART standings, prejudices to be dissipated and uprooted throughout the world. Europe is deeply engrossed with its own problems of economic and political re- construction and regeneration, but its products and its people will continue to come to the New World. The great ag- ricultural development of the next cen- tury is destined to take place in the region between the Rio Grande River and Cape Horn. ‘The peace, the security, the material and social advancement of the whole world is largely dependent upon our own relationship with the 20 other American republics. If Mr. Hoover dur~ ing his administration as President shall succeed in bringing about any perceptible improvement in that rela- tionship, he will have benefited all mankind. 2,300 Inns Provided For German Youths As one of the fruits of the youth movement, you may see in Germany to- day more than 2,300 “Jugendherbergen,” or inns for the youth, scattered all through the country. Provision for the needs of the youthful “wanderers” has expanded at a tremendous rate in Ger- many. In 1911 the few inns then in ex- istence furnished 3,000 lodgings. Three years later the number had risen to 17,000; it passed the 1,000,000 mark in 1924, and has now reached approxi- mately 3,000,000. The guests can do their own cooking in the kitchens of the mns, the sleeping accommodation is simple but comfortable, and there is always a room for social gatherings. ‘The “Jugendherbergen” are open to all, without distinction of class, politics or religion. Foreigners hiking in Germany are also entitled to make use of these inns. Many foreigners have taken ad- vantage of this means of reducing the cost of a walking tour in the last years. Bohemia, Austria and Switzerland are now foilowing Germany's course. Paris Mosque to Become Moslem World Center Paris, whose Mohammedan mosque is the mecca of 50,000 resident Algerians, ‘Tunisians and Moroccans besides nu- merous other coreligionists of Egypt, Turkey, Persia and India traveling in France, is to be firmly established as a center of the Mussulman world. Islamic culture will be more thoroughly pro- moted when in December the Habous, the religious society which last year erected the beautiful temple, opens an institute where Mussulman scholars and French and foreign teachers will lecture on the history, literature, art and poetry of Islam. This institution will adjoin the mosque, a remarkable edifice of Hispano-Moorish architecture, known as the Dar-el-Islam, or the Islam home, and will contain a library of books in all languages, dealing with the faith of the Koran. Further, the institute will keep abreast of the times and maintain contact with other places of learning by means of a monthly review. This is re- garaed as a momentous step taken by the followers of the Prophet. Hawaiian Pineapple Crop 9,000,000 Cases Hawaii is about ready to set up a new world’s record in production of canned pineapple. The “pack” for the 1928 season is virtually completed and final count from the various canneries of the island will soon be available. Already it is certain that Hawaii's production this year will approximate 9,000,000 cases. Statisticlans have fig- ured out that if all the cans of pine- apple turned out this year by Hawaii were placed side by side, the line would be 13,636 miles long—extending half way round the world. ‘Whether or not a new total can pro- duction is recorded, the world’s record for speed in canning was smashed sev- eral times during the last season. The Hawaiian Pineapple Co. beat all pre- vious records—and they were held by itself—in the number of cases turned out per 24 hours. Puts This Lifetime Gift Under Y our Children’s Tree mean to your children, not only now inschool but later in life. It’s easyto getCompton’s for Christmas. Only three- fifty down puts itunder your children’s tree. The rea- sonable balance is in small monthly payments you will never miss. Mail coupon immediately for full infor- mation, sample section,and free Questionario Game. Mail it now, without delay, for if this were the only Christmas, Compton’s would still be the only gift. Christmas “Delivery Guaranteed n’s Pu) Encyclopedial F. E. COMPTON & CO., Mr. M. E. Turnbull, Mgr. Room 68—Portland Hotel, 14th & Thoma: ‘Washington, D. Gentlemen: Please send me immed; plete Sample Section and full infor: on’s Picturet Eacyclopedia. uestionario Game is also inclided free to parents, ircl ‘Telephone Franklin 4053 Weimar, Goethe Home, Remains Center Of German Culture, as Unspoiled Town BY EDGAR ANSEL MOWRER. ‘WEIMAR, Germany.—Weimar is the conscience of Germany. Somehow, what is best in German history, litera- ture, philosophy, art has some connec- tion with this great little town. When you get tired of Berlin lights, noise, commercial cheapness, when you won- der just what has happened to the mind that made the fairy tales, the poetry, the speculative flights, a trip to Weimar is like a mountain sojourn. For, dead as they are, the great spirits that con- gregated around the modest grand- ducal court still live and pervade the place and represent something so rare| and valuable that your faith in the peo- ple of “Dichter and Denker,” poets and thinkers, comes back restored. So long as Weimar lives, Germany cannot go far wrong. It was a sure instinct that sent the makers of the German Republic to the Weimar Theater to draw up the new constitution. | Along the philosophers’ way in the park where Goethe once swam with Duke Carl August and courted Char- lotte von Stein, a thick-set man of 50 is walking today, his thick-set wife by his side, a thick-set dachshund at his heels. He carries a portfolio, she & violin. It is old Germany, and, one may hope, eternal Germany. Near by is a field, boys are playing soccer, with much shouting. And their activity, healthy and admirable as it is. seems here almost a blasphemy. For Weimar is the country of the mind. ‘Was Home of Goethe. In the cemetery, in the grand-ducal vault, the coffins of Goethe and Schiller lie side by side. But what a difference! Schiller was a great writer and a_good philosopher. But Weimar is the home of Goethe. What a man! The echo of the renaissance, the last of the eighteenth century encyclopedists. Great as poet, astounding as scientist, incredible as animated curiosity, excellent as ad- ministrator and withal a courtly enter- tainer, this Goethe was chiefly im- portant as man. Not_that he lacked assistance. Al- most but not quite as powerful as the spirit of Goethe are the monuments and memories of Duchess Anna Ama- lia and her son, Carl August. They established the cultural tradition that made Weimar different. They called Wieland, Herder, Goethe to Weimar. For 50 years these two offered house and living to a group of poets, painters, thinkers, artists, musicians. They have been amply repaid. Thanks to the court of the muses, which Goethe taught to feel, dress and skate as “young Werther,” Anna Amalia walks the spacious grounds of human memory with Lorenzo di Medici and the princes | of Ferrara, Milan and Urbino. Remains Unspoiled Town. ‘To the honor of commercial Ger-| many be it said, Weimar town is al-| most unspoiled. It has become mod- erm, democratic, sanitary, without losing touch with its finer tradition, without ruthless improver and iconoclastic mod- ern creators. There are sad exceptions. One of them is the beer garden at Tiefurt. In the rustic mansion of Anna | Amalia, in the park where once Goethe led an endless round of carnival and mask and play, thers is a beer garden, | where fat tourists drink and strew their greasy papers. It is unnecessary and crude. Unfortunately, it is but one example of the blemishes on external living in modern Germany. These are three. There are too many beer gardens. They are strewn all over the place. The fin- est Bavarian landscapes are smudged by beery restaurants, entirely unneces- sary, since the next is but 10 minutes’ walk. And there are the beds. Or rather the bed clothes. The modern German scorns thin blankets as proletarian. He covers his couch, Winter and Summer, with a heavy feather quilt. In Summer it is always too hot, but cannot be thrown off, since the sheet is carsfully buttoned to it. And in Winter it is too short. Canned Goods Too Common. And finally, canned goods. Just why German restaurants offer only canned fruits and vegetables in the Summer season is a mystery. But they do. But at Weimar such things are easily forgotten. In the tradition of Goethe the town remained for a century a home of culture. Hither, and to the neighboring Jena, came the best that Germany had to offer. Here fifty years after Goethe, another archduke made a | association, at a cost of $400.000, con- | 1 rich Nietzsche, poured out the remnants of his great mind in ravings to the sun, and expired. Weimar still is lovely, Centered in the Goethe memory the town waits for the genius that will once more weave the appropriate clothing for this sanctuary of the German soul. — e | Home for Living Instead Of Dead Idea Encouraged A plan which might change Chicago’s and other slum streets into attractive modern boulevards were it adopted has | been put into effect in Sweden by Mise | Alma Hedin, sister of the famous scien- tist and explorer, Sven Hedin. | With “Home for the living instead | of flowers for the dead!” as its slogan, | the Flower Fund Association, which she founded some time ago, encourages peo- ple to remember their deceased by con- | tributing the money which they might otherwise use to buy funeral wreaths | toward the erection of model apartment | buildings for aged persons of limited | means. | ‘The first such building erected by the | taine 157 apartments. Rentals ranging from the equivalent of $112 to $270 a year support the building and all further donations are being saved for the erection of more units. ‘The funeral of Dr. Georg Brandes, noted Danish author, alone yielded $8,000 to the fund, and it is being con- stantly augmented. Thousands of cir- culars and pledge cards are mailed an- nually, urging people to make ante- mortem requests that their friends re- frain from sending flowers on the event of their obsequie: —e Philippine Statute Guarantees Honeymoon | Under the marriage laws of the Philip- | pines, every American flancee who comes | out to Manila to be married is insured | a honeymoon trip of at least several| days’ dyration. It isn’'t in the law,; precisely, but it works out that way. The reason is, the law requires the publica- | tion of the banns and a birth certificate | (or witnesses in lieu thereof), and makes other stipulations which cannot be complied with by Americans residing | here and their newly arrived fiancees. | ‘The result is that meetings are arranged | for in Shanghai, Hongkong, or even musical center around Franz Liszt. Here in a hillside a mad philosopher. Fried- Japan; the marriages take place there, and the honeymoon trip is the one con- b) tinuing the voyage to Manila. For young Many Causes for Ruin. Americans in Manila are ardent swains; Ay suttiio: (o M e besd gk nd| Severe lightning storms, earthquakes ey ref s land | 4 @ Ylms \nhospitable soil and wait 10 2nd other causes- which combined to days whils the girls “naturalize” them- | Wreck the impaired city in the sixth selves for marriage purposes. By the|century caused the Tuined and half- time a man has landed a girl in Manila, | buried condition of the Colosseum and he has a considerable investment in her: |other large structures. The greatest the 10 days' probation would be an un- | damage was wrought by those who re- nsual hazard. Hongkong has therefore | garded the Colosseum as a quarry. Out “yacome the popular rendezvous. iof it were built many medieval palaces. Is There Someone On Your Xmas List Someone that you wish to remember in a special way . .. with a gift unique . . . something that will be both useful and ornamental . . . a Gift, in fact, that is mot likely to be duplicated? If so, Choose Here - A Glass Table Top We are specialists in Glass as well as Paints ... and your top will be cut to a size and shape that will be in harmony with its sur- roundings. Come in for estimate. E. J. Murphy Co., Inc. Main 2477 710 12th St. N. W. CAS Thomas Clock Strikes a beautiful tune at regular inter- vals. Gracefully shaped case; complete with candlesticks. V TELBERG'S e YEARS _ Bros. Silverplate No charge for credit.