Evening Star Newspaper, November 8, 1928, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR. WASHINGTON. Do THURSDAY, NXOVEMBER 8, 1928.. 8 — . T T e s e THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. THE EVENI With R WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY...November 8, 1928 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: St. and Pennsyivania Ave. ey, York Office: 110 East 4dnd st. Chi jos: Tower Building. European g4 Regent St.. London, Engian Rate by Jarvier Within ihe Tity. The Frenine Sur, ... 45¢ per month Star 60c per montn 65¢ per month y Stai per copy Collection made at the end of cach month. | Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone | Main 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Ffl! and Sunday... 1 yr. $10.00: § mo. 8¢ unday culy $4.00; 1 mo.. 40c d Canada. iy A e S iaon: 1 o 3100 unday only 75¢ | Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associated Press 1s exclusively entitled %0 the use for republication of all . fws di atches credited to it or not stherwis i ed e £t ikt of prbiication of Epecial dispatches herein are also reserved. —_—————————————— Popular and Electoral Votes. With the presidential result of the election settled to a certainty and with the composition of the next Congress assured with only a few possible | changes, there remains to be deter-| mined from Tuesday's balloting the exact number of the votes cast in -the States at this election. The regis- #ration was computed at approximately 43,000,000. On the basis of experience and in the light of the exceptional public interest in the contest in prac- tically every State, it was before elec- tion believed that 40,000,000 votes would be cast. It will be some time before the precise total is known. At the pres- ‘ent no single State has made a com- plete return, for even in the very few from which reports are received from all of the voting units, towns, precincts or districts, perfect tabulations are yet %0 be made. As the “popular vote” table now stands, Hoover received the votes of 18,209,108 and Smith those of 12,- 989,093, & total of more than 31,000,000. There were then missing nearly twenty per cent of the total of election units. If the missing units contribute a dro- portionate volume to the total, the final poll will prove to be about 37,000,000 votes, or, roughly, eight millions more than were cast in 1924. Both in respect to the total vote cast in regard to the standing of the electoral college, Tuesday’s contest is unprecedented. Never before since the two elections of George Washington has & candidate for the presidency received #0 high a percentage of electoral votes as will Herbert Hoover when the elec- tors of the States meet in their respec- tive states to register the will of the peo- ple as expressed on Tuesday. In 1872 Gen. Grant, Republican candidate for a second term, was given 286 electoral votes out of 352, or about 81.3 per cent of the tatal. Horace Greeley was the nom- inee of the Democratic party that year, ‘but his death just after election caused = distribution of his 66 electoral votes smong & number of men. In 1912 Woodrow Wilson received 435 out of ‘531 votes, 96 being divided between Roosevelt and Taft. Wilson's vote was 00; 1 mo.. 00: 1 mo. B 5 ved- | ; the scepter of power. oc | and the airplane, romance and rever- NG STAR) immigration law sears an indelible|nave been arranged by a friend of wound across the breast of Japanese racial pride. Incidents like these sound In American ears like episodes of an- other planet. They but register, in fact, | a fealty to the thing that personifies Japan {o the average among her sons— a conception of country which does not know its like anywhere else on the face | of the earth. It is in such an atmosphere of illim- itable patriotism that Emperor Hirohito | is about to be clothed formally with Japan has thor- oughly modernized herself while adher- ing religiously to her dynastic faith. Hirohito is as constitutional a monarch as any now enthroned. The true sig- nificance of the adulatory and reveren- tial events of which he is this week the | pivot lies in the lesson Japan is teach- ing to a matter-of-fact universe. The homage Nippon is showing her young Emperor at Kyoto is a signal to prosaic | mankind that, even in the age of radio | ence have not wholly vanished from | this motorized earth. | America wishes Hirohito and his con- sort. well. Our relations with their realm are cordial and mutually remu- nerative. Truly silken ties unite Japan and the United States. Our imports of her raw silk constitute almost the bed- | rock of Japanese national prosperity. | That they may never be torn asunder is the wish and the greeting which the giant of the Western World echoes | across the Pacific to the “Yankees of | the East.” R The Happy Warrior. Gov. Alfred E. Smith has annsunced that he does not expect ever again to run for public office. He has devoted a quarter of a century to municipal and State affairs and, having now of- fered for the presidency and been de- feated, he feels that he should retire, as it. were, to private life and devote him- self henceforth to busincss. He has already been tendered a lucrative em- | ployment with a corporation with which | he was identified during his single va- cation from the governorship in the| course of a period of ten years. Although beaten by the largest elec- toral and possibly the largest popular vote in the history of the country, Gov. Smith nevertheless has made a remark- able campaign. The result of Tuesday may be regarded as a landslide in one respect, but it did not deny him the support of the largest humber of voters who ever advocated a losing candidate. In this campaign Gov. Smith did not spare himself. He plunged into the fight with zest and he enjoyed the ex- perience.. He was no stranger to the stump. He had been on the hustings in New York for nearly a quarter of a century, first in Manhattan and then in the State at large. Not within the memory of man has either party put forward as a presidential candidate a man with so much experience in “elec- tioneering.” His severest critics could not accuse the Democratic candidate of lack of courag: or nerve in meeting situations and stating his convictions and his pro. posals. He showed this, indeed, at the outset of the campaign, in the very first hours after his nomipation, when he precipitated the prohibition question by his telegram to the Houston, convention and thereby gave the contest a charac- ter that was perhaps the determining 8192 per cent of the total. Mr. Hoo- Ver's 444 electoral votes out of 531 give him a percentage of 83.61 of the total. Although defeated, Gov. Smith has scored at least a record of the largest number of Democratic votes ever cast in an election. . The highest number up 1o this year was that'given in 1920 to -James M. Cox, 9,127,353. The vote cast h 1924 for John W. Davis was 8,346,503. “The highest vote given to Woodrow ‘Wilson, 9,120,606, in 1916, was smaller fhan that cast fgr Cox. ‘Whatever figuring is done with the Statistics of the election, there is no other conclusion than that the people of this country have in the most em- phatic manner ever manifested since 1792, when for the second time George *Washington was chosen, as it were, by acclamation, pronounced their will in respect to the presidency. There are no elements of doubt or question in the peturns. There is no shade of a chance of contest or disputation. Indirect though the electoral college system may be, cumbersome though the election machinery is through widely varying Stste laws and customs, nevertheless the taking of the public will is effected with assurance. Only twice in the Na- tion's history has the contest been so close as to necessitate the invocation of Congress. Narrow as have been the margins on some other occasions, there has always been sufficient definition to insure public acceptance of the verdict almost immediately after the closing of the polls. ———e— ‘The jubilant cry, “It is all over except the shouting!” has been changed to “Everything has been attended to, in- | eluding the congratulations.” —— e Hirohito. On the other side of the globe one of the world’s most modern and demo- | cratic nations, the island empire of | Japen, is engaged in the execution of | # ritual which is older than the Chris- | tian era. Emperor Hirohito, the 124th | of his line, is being enthroned as “the son of Heaven” upon his ancestors’ an- | clent seat of power. Seldom do co- temporary humans have the privilége of | standing by at so romantic a blendlng] of twentieth century environment with rites rooted in the sacred customs of 2,700 years. Nowhere but in Nippon would such a spectacle be possible as now is riveting the solemn attention of her people at Kyoto, picturesque old capital of the Shotguns and the Mikados. There, on Baturday, Hirohito, most modern of Jap- ~anese rulers, will be enthroned amid ceremonies faithful in minutest detail 10 practices which had their symbolical origin- 700-odd years B.C. It is difficult for Occidentals to ap- preciate in its full magnitude the idol- atrous devotion of the Japanese to their imperial house and its hoary traditions. Patriotism in no land mounts to nobler heights. Gen. Nogi, hero of the Russo- Japanese War, takes his own life in an exalted spirit of loyalty to the crown on the day of his. Emperor's funeral. A humbler Japanese commits hara-kiri factor. No candidate for the presidency has ever drawn larger crowds than those that assembled to hear Gov. Smith on his various tours. He was a magnetic force. He was picturesque and always entertaining. Even his opponents and his critics, listening in over the radio, found him interesting. His camaraderie, his forcible, if at times inelegant, dic- tion, his ready wit aroused his immedi- ate audiences to high pitches of enthu- siasm. But, as many another candidate has found, cheers do not always mean votes. Perhaps all those who cheered him voted for him, but a great vélume of sound can be made by'a minority, | and it is significant that in only one of the States that Gov. Smith visited and | in which he spoke during the campaign did he receive a majority of votes. ———r——— Included among the downcast are a few disappointed song writers, who were | crowded out of the picture by old-time | favorites. The Gambler’s Code. Arnold Rothstein, New York's most | spectafular gambler, died Tuesday of the bullet that hit him last Sun-! day night in a hotel room to which he had been summoned for a conference There will probably be revelations of a sensational nature, leading to prosecu- tions. Had he survived his wound he | would probably have engaged in his| own reprisal and perhaps started a feud warfare lasting for years. i The case of Rothstein is somewhat of a mystery at present—a mystery mainly in point of the identity of the men with whom he conferred Sunday night, his creditors, and especially the man | who fired the shot. But the general | circumstances of the case are lnu-lyl well known. Rothstein for years has| been one of the biggest plungers of | New York’s gambling fraternity. He| was & cold, nervy, steady gambler, in- different to the size of his stakes, scru- pulously abstemious, methodical. Some weeks ago, the story goes, he sat in a | game that lasted many hours and at| the close of it he was some $300,000 2 debt to other members of the party. He calmly declared that he considered that in fact he owed his antagonists enly about $35,000 and that the bal- ance was canceled by reason of shady | methods of dealing the cards. In short, he accused his contestants of cheating. ‘fhe marvel of the matter is that he left the sccne of the game without molestation. Ever since efforts have | been made by his “creditors” to collect | the balance of the so-called debt, which Rothstein has steadfastly refused to recognize. It is an unwritten but inviolable law | that a sporting debt must be paid and | that a charge of crookedness must not be made without proof. Rothstein had evidently violated this law in both re- spects. At any rate, so far as is known, he had never demonstrated that the ~ame in which he claimed to have been fleeced was marked by fraud or trick. His creditors, it would seem, have been more intent upon getting the money | existence on wide streets is that it per- Rothstein in the hope of effecting a settlement. It is he who now declares that there will be revelations follow- ing Rothstein's death. Society hzs nothing in particular at stake in this situation, save that it is concerned at the prospect of the start- ing of another private war between sportsmen and crooks, which may in its development cost the lives of inno- cent persons. e smeeea Angle Parking. Abolishment of angle parking of auto- mobiles and substitution of parallel parking on four streets in the congested ; downtown section was urged yesterday by the trafic committes of the Wash- ington Board of Trade. The action of the committee followed an address by ; Traffic Director Harland, who pointed out that angle parking is inimical to the frictionless movement of the large vol- | ume of travel on the streets of the Na- tional Capital, and that parallel park- inz will not only rrovide more street space, but will accommodate only a few less cars than the other method. Di- rector Harland warned the committee that the “no downtown parking” ery was grining in strength because of the difficulties encountered with angle park- ers znel that it would probably be neces- sary in the near future to place parallel | parking into effect throughout the con- gested district. On the theory that mov- | ing traffic should be considered more im- portant than standing vehicles at the curb, the committee approved Mr. Hars land’s recommendations. ‘Unquestionably parking at an angle is | a dangerous nractice, not only for the driver who is about to park his car, but ta moving vehicles. Its only excuse for mits th. storing of a large number of automobiles. It has become increasing- Iy cpparent, hovever, that with the growing volume of travel this system can no longer be tolerated, because the backing and turning necessary to park at the correct angle frequently paralyzes | traffic in motion. ‘The time is not far off when Wash- ington will have to face seriously the abandonment of all downtown parking. Space is gradually being restricted so that even now it is at a premium. The wise policy, however, until the needs of moving traffic make the barring of park- ing necessary, is for the motorists and merchants to acquiesce as gracefully as poszible. The movement of traffic is an important feature of every community’s lite, and no community will stand idly by and watch it partially or completely stonped by those who would use valuable street space as a public garage. R The governmental system is such that presidential power is continuous for a considerable time after the ballot. Pres- ident Coolidge may still find opportuni- ties for a few vetoes. ———r—o——— Several Hoover supporters are won- dering whether a few electeral votes could not be persuaded to fall in line gracefully and “make it unanimous.” ———rat——————— “Sidewalks of New York” have lost significance. Pennsylvania Avenue, as the scens of inaugural display, registers as next in political importance. oo Thomas Jefferson hitched his horse to a tree while being sworn to his duties as President. This time the President will park his automobile. B ) Every patriotic citizen has confidence in the will of the majority, finding more or less difficulty in guessing what that will is going to be. Results were so disappointing in New York that millions of telephone books and miles of ticker tape escaped an- nihilation. e Western opinion indicates that Sen- ator Norris is esteemed as a first-rate statesman, but a bad judge of band | The crowds that love to follow pa- rades have given electioneering a new status as a national form of outdoor sport. e ‘When the “solid South” is mentioned on2 of Gov. Smith’s favorite phrases re- curs, “Well, what does that mean?” e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Open-Mouthed. With mouth wide open, now I sit, ‘While silence hovers everywhere. The marchers gay their haunts have quit. ~There is no music anywhere. The willing throat has cheered its best, | But all the pageantry is gone. Repose is now in great request. Instead of sound, we have a yawn. Unmistakable Proof. “You believe in the wisdom of the plain people?” | “Evidence of it,” said Senator Sor-| ghum, “is unmistakable, in view of the | number of times they have returned ) me to high and responsible office.” Jud Tunkins says an clection fore- caster is something of a gambler who wins a reputation when he guesses rlght,l Gaining Information. For all the time and money spent Rewards Election brings. We've had a wondrous argument And learned a lot of things. Critical Comment. “You criticized the grammar of sev- eral speeches very severely.” “Yes,” answered Miss Cayenne. “By commenting on the pronunciation I was able to conceal the fact that I was occassionally too dumb to know what the ideas were all about.” “It is well for us to speak our minds." said Iti Ho, the sage of Chinatown. “To do this should ususlly need so littie time that our ordinary duties will not be interfered with, No Close Contest. To some a “landslide” brings dismay, ‘With thoughts of discontent. At least it clearly shows the way Of public sentiment. Intensive “listening-in" over radio during the past month brought home to broadcasters and set owners alike the necessity for more study of what may be called the “total tone” of in- dividual or organization. It is one thing to get up and talk |In radio broadcasting the voice of the | or play before a microphone and dis- tinctly another to make that woice or musical instrument come from a loud | Tnore js a certain jazz band that‘ speaker pleasingly. Not enough thought has been given to this phase of broadcasting at the radio stations, else one would not still hear the ether crammed with music which has something “dff” about it to the sensitive ear. The non-sensitive ear of the un- critical person must mnot be allowed to be the judge in such an important matter. Only those with the most del- icately tuned aural apparati have any right to question the stations in such a matter. ; When they do they will discover that, as far as they can find out. no particular emphasis has been placed by the stations on making a_study of the total effect upon the human ear of voice or instruments—in com- bination. There is, as every radio listener knows, whether he owns a crystal set or the latest multi-tube affair run off the electric socket, a single combina- tion of sounds coming from the air into his ear. It makes no difference to him, the listener, whether there are 10 instru- ments or 100 in an orchestra; what he receives is a blend of them, which for all practical purposes is one sound. This truism is so commonplace that it seems to be overlooked generally. & One wonders if broadcasting stations listen-in as much as they might. If s0, why cannot they note, as well 8s| the listencr, that the violin of the industrious leader of a certain or- chestra has a thin, almost strident auality which overshadows, as it were, the pleasing bass and middle registers offered by the other musicians? 3 * K ¥ X Lest any impatient broadcaster think that we exaggerate this matter, we will say that we have listened to this par- ticular organization over seven differ- ent sets of the very highest quality. These are the latest type receivers and | | speakers, electrically balanced to give the finest tone quality, made possible by years of experimentation resulting in scores of utilized patents. On every one of these outfits that par- ticular violin came in with an unpleas- ant quality, made all the more pro- nounced by the fact that the leader played most of the time. This is a habit orchestra leaders have, one which they mistakenly adhere to, we believe, | especially if something is wrong with the timbre of their violin. Just what is the matter with this violin we do not know, but if we were a millionaire we would purchase the leader in question a new one and ship it to him, express prepaid, with our com- pliments. He is an artist and a good conductor, but something is wrong with his_instrument. Short of that, one would like to start a movement among the fans to raise a fund for a new violin, There is little question that thousands of listeners have noted this same insufficiency and would be willing to contribute to a new instrument for the honest fellow who saws away for them so industriously every evening. There is another orchestra which contains a saxophone invariably played off-key. Whether it is the instrument or the player we do not know, having never seen the player nor played a saxophone, but we do know positively that we never listen to either one any more. ‘Whereupon, no doubt, the gentleman laying the saxophone will lisp, “Too ad!” and the radio station manager will ask, “Well, who cares?” But that |is exactly the point. He can be con- | | vinced that if one person feels so, thou |sands have a similar earpoint about |that _sour saxophone. and rather than [listen to it they will cither turn off |their sets or tune in other stations. | people 1s, verily, God. | 2 o | plays indefatigably, as most of them |{do, but has something in it or about it |that rattles. We have tried our best to | detect just what it is, but it has escaped our ear It is not present in any other orchestra we know of. Perhaps it is a piece of tin on which the drummer of | from time to time. Anyway, something rattles. Now, | there isn’t any set on the market, even the latest and most costly, or any loud | speaker, no matter whether dynamic or magnetic, which can afford to absorb rattles from the broadcasting end. If something rattles there, it will rattle here. Radio has made wonderful ad- | van-os, cspecially in regard to tone | quality, but it is perfect by no means. | The “curves” of the best sets and speak- |ers show a ratio far below theoretical | perfection. |~ S0 he who longs for perfect reception |will shrink from. any band which n- | corporates a rattle of any kind. Thus | th> tone of one organization, taken as a | unit, which it really is, although a | blend, contains a rattle, that of an- |other a thin, harsh sound and that of |another a sour saxophone. | Certain voices, too, as every one knows, ~contain discordant elements, difficult to trace, but inescapable to har& Their vibrations are wrong, some- ow. * ok ok % i dissertation on the differ- ence between “tone” and “timbre’ | may be in placé, These two terms | are much used in musical discussions. | too often in an indefinite sense. matter of fact, a musical tone is a sound. of individual character. The | timbre of a voice, for instance, is the | quality of the tone. In other words. | 'tone” s almost @& synonym for “sound” and “timbre” for “quality.” The tone quality of a radio receiver, so often spoken of in the past three | A slight Iy to the sound of the set. If the sounds which come into his ears are of true musical quality, with vibrations from the those which went into it, the owner may congratulate himself on posscss- ing a set with good tone quality. To speak of the timbre of a singer's voice, or even of a musical instrument, as received via radio, is to speak of the tone of the tone, if one may put it that way. since the word ‘“tone” practically includes the two, in the best sense of both. The quality of any musical organi- zation depends not only upon the blend of all the instruments. or voices (and “voice” is a good word to mean instrument, too), but, in a negative way, even more upon the lack of poor quality in certain particular voices or Instruments. One such offender, no matter how good the rest, can make discord in the ears of a sensitive radio listener. And let it be said that these critical persons are, after all, the best friends the broadcasters have. To broadcast to a hundred people who are trying to read or talk at the same time they are trying to listen is not so profitable 18 to broadcast to 10 real music lovers | who give an artist their serious, un- | dlvided attention. Radio stations have taken too much for granted, both at the stations and in the homes. Some day, we are con- vinced, they will set a group of emi- nent engineers to work upon these singular problems, and from their ef- | forts will come the super broadcasting ' and receiving of the future. Presidential Board Action On Rail Wages Is Commended Commendation is ‘given to the find- ings of the first presidential board ap- pointed under the present Railroad Labor act to settle a dispute. 1Its verdict that certain alternatives should be offered to the companies and to the brotherhoods is viewed as probably leading the way to a scttlement. Aéceptance by the in- terests arrayed in the controversy, how- | ever, is not compulsory. The roads rep- resented are in the West and have 55,000 to 70,000 workers involved in the negotiations. The opinion of the Binghamton Press is summed up in the statement: “It is | in the last degree improbable that the two brotherhoods will reject the findings of a board which has =o fully and open- mindedly considered their contentions. ‘That the carriers should reject it is, of course, unthinkabl The Press points out that “under the law the men are not obliged to accept the ruling of a presidential board, that body having no means of enforcing its decision,” and, reviewing the decision, says: “One con- cession, and one of considerable mo- ment, is made in the award. That is to make the increased pay, on either of the two propositions, retroactive to *he beginning of the controversy in May last. Since the men at large are prob- ably not responsible for the needless de- lay in obtaining relief; this is perhaps a just consideration, though it will bear more heavily on the carriers.” Emphasizing the fact that the present commission is “puzzled by the failure of the parties to the controversy to settic it by direct negotiations,” the Chicago Dally News concludes that “the fact- finding board by its plain-spoken report has made morally impossible a suspan- sion of transportation throughout ihe West as a result of the existing contro- versy.” The Daily News argues: “Pub- lic opinion, which indirectly settles many questions, should take note of the sta ment of the board that the difference hetween the final offer of the Western railroads and the real demands of the men ‘amounts to from 5 to 7 cents a day’ and that this difference is ‘too small to justify an interruption of transportation.’ Can any rational per- ?n ?gemm to this pertinent observa- jon?" “The award,” according to the Louis- ville Courier-Journal, “virtually upheld the decision of the Board of Mediation and recommended that the workers should accept one of three propositions | made by that board—a wage increase of 6!: per cent, with no change in working rules; an increass of 7': per cent and elimination of the union rule agdinst double-headers,” or a 7l: per cent increase and submission of a num- ber of working rules to arbitration. The presidential board suggests the Interstate Commerce Commission as a proper body to act upon these technical matters. * ¢ * The carriers desire to use their machinery of transportation to its utmost capacity, for which they cannot be blamed. * * * The third plan outlined, calling for further arbi- tration, was agreed to by the railroads and the brotherhoods, but was re- jected by the chairmen of brotherhood local committees. Perhaps they have changed their minds.” “The report cannot be regarded with any large degree of optimism,” is the adverse opinion of the Providence Journal, which asserts that “it follows the lines of least resistance,” and con- tends that “inasmuch as the employes have insisted upon the retention of the rules in question ever since the con- troversy started months ago, and have agitated this phase of the dispute at times almost to the exclusion of the wage issue, it will be surprising if they do not accept the alternative that, if the rules are not abrogated, the man- agements are requested to raise wages “Dar ain’ no limit to what science kin do,” said Uncle Eben. “I 'specks some set-out will show. dat a way has in front of the American embassy at Tokio as an act of humiliation in his Mikado's name when a United States meeting on Sunday night appears to gnod to eat, same as a gmcflg they claim to be owing to them than upon avenging their ‘“honor.”” The ibeen found to make an airplane by only 6'2 per cent.” The Journal ad- vises s to the ition of the execu- tives, “In one of the most prosperous periods in our histery, generally speak- ing. the carriers, with all their improved facilities, have not been able to earn a net income comparable to the earn- ings of industrial corporations that have spent neither time nor money in any equivalent degree.” The point that “precisely the same alternatives are offered the Western railroad conductors and trainmen that could have been had at any time dur- Ing the past three months” is empha- sized by the Newark Evening News, which refers to the 30 days within giva their decisions, and concludes as to the time allowed, “Before it has elapsed it is to be hoped and expected that common sense and good judgment will displace the attitude which resulted in a strike vote being taken in August, although its exact result has not yet been publicly recorded.” President Coolidge’s expression of confidence that when the conclusions “are studied by the parties at interest a satisfactory adjustment of the contro- versy will result” is quoted by the Char- lotte Observer, with the comment that “an eventuality of this kind would cause the country to rejoice.” That pa- per also gives attention to the fact that each of th> propositions offered “in- cludes continuation of the existing dif- ferentials for mountain and other spe- cial service and addition of the re. quested increase to baggagemen for mail, express and dynamo service.” Tha possibility of “a severance of all relations” is viewed as a matter of con- cern by the St. Joseph News-Press, with the assertion that “an amicable adjust- ment is highly desirable, else there may be something consequential to worry about. The News-Press agrees with the assumption that “the report of the :)’?nrd leaves the situation about where was." UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today. Allied representatives receive the German dclegates sent to receive armistice terms from Marshal Foch and the terms are delivered to them with the formal demand that they be eccepted or rejected within 72 hours. * * * The German request for an im- | mediate truce and cessation of fight- | ing is refused. Envoys seek new orders and send courier back to German head - quarters with text of terms. * * * Offi- clals in Washington say Germany must accept. The allied demands are not debatable, as Foch's authority is lim- ited to presenting the requirements agreed to at Versailles, * * * The Americans drive the enemy out of the last dominating position east of the Meuse. The battle is raging with un- abated fury and Germany's last stand 13 desperate. As a finishing coup the Americans have virtually cut the enemy's final line of defense. * *:* French army, under Gen. Gouraud, | speeds up its offensive and reaches the outskirts of Mezieres. * * * With the German Empire crumbling to pieces the Kaiser declines to accede to de- mands that he abdicate. He main- tains that to abandon the throne now wowid mean anarchy for his country. * * * Prince Max of Baden, the im- perial German chancellor, has resigned. * ¢ * Bavaria deposes its monarch and demands a republican form of govern- ment. * * * German revolutionists are now in full control of the great port of Hamburg and many other cities. Ger- man warships are flying the Red, flag. * » + Prince Henry, only broti®r of the Kaiser, flees from Kiel as marines fire at his * Nine hundred and eighty-one casualties on list published today, including »225 killed in action and 270 missing Yand taken prisoner. o the organization beats with aplomb | As a| years, takes the listcner down basical- | speaker corresponding to | which the parties to the dispute may | Politics at Large By G. Gould Lincoln. Prohibition enforcement will be under | closer scrutiny during the next few | | years than ever before. by a decisive vote has turned its back on a presidential candidate who pledged | { himsel{ to set the pace for modifica- | tion of the dry laws, even to the extent | of amending the eighteenth amend- ment so as to permit States to “go wet” | if they desired. Opponents of the dry law insist that it cannot be enforced. There are no laws on the State books | that are never violated. Whether the | |dry laws can be enforced to a greater | | extent than at present remains to be | seen. During the last year the writer | | has traveled in nearly every State of | the Union, and if there is any State in | | which it is not possible to procure | liquor of varying degrees of excellence, | {it must have been one of those the| writer missed. It is an old story that| ‘an official bootlegger was established in | |2 prominent place in Houston at the time of the Democratic national con- | | vention. If Kansas City was any drier | than Houston, it was not particularly | obvious. * K % K The country. however, has voted dry in this campaign, with the prohibition | issue thrown clearly into the limelight | Mr. Hoover, the President-elect, has de- iclared himself in favor of prohibition and against the repeal of the eighteenth | amendment. He has said that he con- | | siders prohibition a great social and economic experiment which “must be worked out constructively.” Apparent- ly the country has agrecd with him. It remains to be seen whether the coun- | try will join with Mr. Hoover in work- ing out this experiment in a construc- tive manner. Voting dry and drinking wet is another story. It may be con- strued as an indication that the voters | at bottom believe that prohibition is a | | good thing, although they are not will- | | ing to conform to it individually. Ao The wet cause reccived a severe jolt in more ways than one in the election. Some of the most outspoken champions of repeal and modification of the dry| laws in the Senate went down to defeat. There are Senator Bruce of Maryland, | Senator Edwards of New Jersey, Senator | Gerry of Rhode Island and Senator | Bayard of Delaware, all alligned with | the wet cause, all Democrats, and all defeated for re-election. On the other hand, Senator Copeland of New York, who espoused the wet cause quite vio- {lently a year or so ago. has been re- clected, defeating Alanson B. Houghton, American Ambassador to Great Britain, who took the same stand on prohibition as did Mr. Hoover. And Senator King of Utah, an opponent of the eighteenth amendment, apparently has been re- elected. Senator “Jim” Reed of Mis- souri, who has been strongly opposed to the prohibitory law, declined to run for the Senate again, and, he too, will be missing when the roll of the wets is | called in the next Congress. | Phillips Lee Goldsborough, the Sena- | tor-elect from Maryland, is reputed to be a’'“dry.” It is evident that Mary- land, therefore, is not so wet as many | people have been led to believe. There were other factors in the election 1n Maryland, of course, but the wet and dry fight was not minimized. Hamilton Kean, who defeated “Teddy” Edwards, famous for his promise to make New Jersey as wet as the Atlantic, is ranged on the side of the wets, but not so heavily wet in sentiment as Edwards. Senator David I. Walsh, a strong wet, has been returned by a substantial vote in Massachusetts. Incidentally Sena- tor Walsh ran much ahead of the Dem- ocratic national ticket in the Bay State. This had been predicted. Senator Walsh has for years had strong sup- port from independent Republicans and Progressive voters in Massachusetts and they stuck to him this year in a great | battle. Probably no candidate for the Senate was more determinedly wet than Cermack, the Democratic nominee in Tiinois. Illinois has been rated a wel State also, but Cermack was smowed under. ki The effort of the Democrats to line | up with them the voters who supported | the late Senator La Follette in the| presidential race four years ago met| with a certain measure of success, but | failed to accomplish any real resul!s.; Take, for example, the case of Wis- consin. _ Senator Blaine, Republican Progressive, threw his support to thef Smith cause. Other La Follette Pro-; gressives joined in. although Senator | Robert M. La Follette, jr., failed to declare for Smith. The result was that { Smith polled a very large vote in that’ State, running about 96,000 votes be- hind Hoover. The wet sentiment | | doubtless aided Smith in Milwaukee and | other cities in Wisconsin.. But the { point is that the attempt to . hook ! up the Progressives with the New York Democratic | nominee for President | failed in the end. Enough of the Pro- gressives joined with the “stalwart”| Republicans in Wisconsin to give Hoo- ver a handsome lead. 1 ok ok The members of the Progressive group in the Senate up for re-election | were signally successful. Hiram John-‘ son was re-elected in California with- out any difficulty whatever. Senator Howell of Nebraska, although he was laid up in a hospital during several of the last weeks of the campaign due to an accident, was re-elected. Senator La Follette went through with flying colors in Wisconsin, and Senator | Wheeler of Montana and Senator Dill of Washington, both Democrats and both members of the Progressive group, were re-clected although their States gave their electoral votes to Mr. Hoover. Senator Norris of Nebraska, although he failed to swing his State into line for Smith in the presidential race, has had the satisfaction of seeing his colleagues in the Senate, th2 Pro- gressive group, re-elected. Senator Shipstead of Minnesota, the sole Farm- er-Labor Senator, has been re-elected with a considerable vof ‘The Minne: sota Senator is popular in his Stat When he first was elected, a member of | the Farmer-Labor party, he was re- garded as a more or less wild radical. But Scnator Shipstead has shown him- self to be an ecffective and well bal- anced Senator. It was noticeable in the recent campaign that many of the business men of Minneapolis, Repub- licans, too, were quite content to support | Shipstead. The Democrats made every effor they could to win him over to the support cf Gov. Smith in the presiden- tial race. But Senator Shipstead de- clined to give his support to either the Republican or the Democratic nomince for President. He stood on his own record in the Senate before the voters »f Minnesota and declared that he would deal with the recommendations of the Preside=t when they were submitted to | Congress without giving his approval in advance to either possible future Pres- id=nt. dNonh Dakota, where Senator Frazier and Senator Nye, both Republican Progressives, declared for Hoover and against Smith, has gone for the Re- publican nominee for President by 20.- 000 or 30,000. The lead of the Republi- can may run even higher. It was in| that State that the revolt of farmers | was sald to be strongly existent. Fra- zier was re-elected Senator, another | member of the Pregressive group to| win out. | * ok ok K | One thing this election appears to | have settled: There is to b2 farm legis Jation along the lines laid down by Mr. Hoover during the campaign. Senator McNary of Oregon, chairman of the Senate committee on agriculture, co- author of the McNary-Haugen bill, has announced he will prepare a bill in line with Mr. Hoover's ideas on the farm ! legislation and will introduce it at the coming session of Congress. It is not | clear yet whether the sorencss remain- | ing from the recent campaign will pre- vent any farm legislation at the com- ing short session of Congress. If it does, then Mr. Hoover has promised to | “bust.” ischocls and colleges | Citizenship” on Friday, of * ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. The answers to questions printed here each day are specimens, picked from the mass of inquiries haridled by The country dour great Information Bureau main- | in Washington, D. C. This valuable service is for the free use of the public. Ask any question of fact you may want to know and you will get an immediate reply. Write plainly, inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage and address The Eve- tained | ning Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director ashington, D. C. What_forms exercise are es- pecially beneficial for one who is in- | terested in weight reduction?—W.W.S. A. Walking — this means a vigorous walk of not rcst than from two to four miles a day. Swimming is recognized as one of the best exercises for reduc- tion of weight. Besides walking and swimming, golf and garden cultivation are also excellent. In performing all excreises for weight reduction try to avoid fatigue. Q. What per cent of the population | of France is Roman Catholic>—L. M. A. A. Unofficially it is generally con- sidered that. 98 per cent of the popula- | tion of Prance today is of the Roman Catholic persuasion. France now has its first Protestant President. Q. How many volumes are there in the Boston Public Library?—J. F. C. A. The number of volumes in this library is about 1.390,000. Q. Where is the Wailing Wall>—C. T. | A. This name is given to the western wall of the Temple of Solomon in Jeru- salem. The wall is the holiest of Jewish religious shrines. Q. Which were more civilized, the Incas cnf Peru or the Aztecs of Mexico? A. Authors differ in their opinions as to whether the Incas of Peru were more civilized than the Aztecs 6f Mex- ico. The Peruvians were the best weavers in the world—in fact, they were specialists in many lines. The Aztecs had an elaborate calendar system, and were celebrated for their artistic work, as well as for their military prowess. Recent sclentific researches conducted | in the Sierras have contradicted some | of the glowing accounts of the social organizations of the Incas. Q. What fruits remain acid after being eaten?—J. T. L. A. All fruits contain some acid. The following fruits are acid when eaten and remain acid in the system; cran- berries, rhubarb, plums and raw apples. Q. Where was Rose Macaulay ed- ucated?—L. E. T. A. Miss Macaulay, the English au- thoress, was educated at Oxford. Q. What classes of Egyptian paint- ings have been discovered?—D. T. T. A. Three classes: Those on the cases | and cloths of mummies, those on papy- | rus rolls, and those on walls. Q. When did the English Army begin to wear khaki?>—B. C. | _A. Since the conclusion of the Boer | war, the service dress of the British Army has been of khaki serge. Q. TIs 1t true that the cocoon Indus- try is dying out in France?—N. W. A. Prench silk worms are making less each year of the thread that the French factories weave into cloth. Much of the famous French silk now is made from Japanese thread. In 1853 there were raised 28.000 tonz of cocoons, and now the output has | sunk to 3,500 tons annually. | Q. How many American firms have branches abroad?—E. I. M. ! A, There are from 15000 to 18.000 | concerns which have Bfanch houses in | foreign countries. Q. Was George Washington a sachem of Tammany?—G. J. K. A. “The History of Tammany Hall” says: “The Kkitchi okeinaw, or great grand sachem, was 2n honorary office conferred by the Tammany Society upon the following Ptesidents of the | United States: Washington, John Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, | John Q. Adams and Jackson. The office was abolished after President Jackson's term.” Q. Which gets rougher, an ocean or | a sea?—E, D. . A. Roughness depends.io a lsrga ex- tent upon prevailing weather conditions as well as configuration of the coast- | line and of the ocean bed. The ocean as a whole is not necessarily rougher | than a small body of water forming | a sea. Many Inland lakes may become extremely rough during a prevailing | storm. For instance, the English Chan- nel, a narrow and partially inclosed body of water, is known to be one of the roughest in the world. Undoubt- edly waves attain a greater height in the open ocean during a storm. Q. What can be done to keep bureau drawers from sticking?—N. N. A. Rubbing a little floor wax on the points of contact will help. Q. What title won the prize for a name for Edgar Guest's new book of poems?—E. M. W. A. The 51,000 title for the new book of verse by Edgar Guest is “Harbor Lights of Home.” The author of the title is Rev. Merton S. Rice, pastor of the Metropolitan Methodist Episcopal Church, Detroit. Q. How many vessels have passed through the Panama Canal?—H. S. A. Pigures compiled in the War De- partment show that 46,833 commercial vessels have passed through the canal since its opening up to July 1, 1928, paying tolls of $193,307,728 and carry- ing cargoes aggregating 215,286,199 tons. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. If Solon had lived in the twentieth century he certainly would have be- come an American, for, judging from the development of education in the United States since the World War, all Americans are becoming Solons. Solon declared, “I grow old ever learn- ing many things.” So do we Ameri- cans—we admit the charge with due modesty. This is the week set apart in the year for fasting and prayer that we shall not become so swell-headed over our brain development that all will have to emulate the youths who g0 about hatless in the coldest weather, lest their brains become overheated and From November 5 to 11 the days and nights are given to medita- ton upon the mysteries of modern of the United 5 The week opened with the theme of “Health” for Monday, ol Schools” for Tuesday, of to Think, See and Judge day, of “Work” for Thursday, of “Good 0od Neigh- borliness and Community Servic n Saturday, and of “Patriotism on Armi- stice Day” Sunday, November 11. And all the wee' we contemplate the Ameri- can school system and its accomplish- ments and its responsibilities. Perhaps all this “cut-and-dried” pro- gram irks the man who was! weary of the routine of the little red school- house on the hill, and he wonders why we moderns make such a fuss about school. There are successful men now in the highest ranks of Government and of business who never went to high school, and certainly never attended lectures in college, yet they meet today’s problens. So why assume that their children need more book learning than th2 parents possess? The answer is obvious: Times have changed and men must keep abreast of their own -conditions. Illiteracy might be tolerated where all are simi- larly illiterate, but not today in a com- munity of educated people. The first high school was established 107 years ago; it was no handicap not to have had a high school education in 1820 when there were no such institutions, By 1880 the high school enrollment in all the United States totaled only 110,~ 277; it was a distinction then to be a graduate from high school. Each 10 years since 1880 the number has dou- bled; in 1920 it was 2.199,389: in 1928 the total high school registration is 4,108,723, What will the unlearned boob cxpect to accomplish in his ignorance in a community whose minds are trained to think with high school alertness, not to say collegiate omniscience? We honor the man of today who has risen from the rail splitter to the orator of Gettysburg; from the towpath mule- driver or the harnessmaker to the presidency of the United States; from the stable boy, with never more than 24 months of any kind of schooling, to be Secretary of State and author of a world treaty forever outlawing war. But all these men overcame their handicaps by personal efforts when it was within the reach of individual ef- fort to meet the difficulties of their times. Schools may not make prodigics of us all, but without schooling in this age of complicated machinery replacing manual labor and intercommunication spanning the world in the twinkling of an eye few indeed are the youths who without utmost training can meet com- petition in a Nation whose 28,000,000 youths are seeking training and mental discipline in !h: ‘pm:lic schools. * States. Even more startlingly sudden has been the rise of trained teachers for our grade and high schools. Since the World War the attendance at our Sum- mer schools has grown from 40,000 to 250,000, and the membership of the National Education Association has in- ::rezli.;eg from 10,000 in 1918 to 181,000 n 1928, Much has been said in criticism of the jazz age, in which youth is accused of being more frivolous than were the parents of the preceding generation. But the vastly increased enrollment in the schools does not Indicate excessive { frivolity. nor does the broadened curric- ulum taught therein show artificial in- ducements to fiitter away the hours of school in impractical studies. In the older generations the schools taught reading, writing, spelling; penmanship, arithmetic, grammar, geography, his- tory, elementary science, sometimes drawing, music and physical exercise. Today the elementary schools teach all these studies and in addition instruct in_ecitizenship, morals, manners, cook- :n‘g. sewing, lmunlml training or indus- i 1 arts, Th~_bov_or the equalization fee plan wish to defeat all legislation for the farmers and call a special session of Congress after he is inaugurated in March to deal with the guestion. Unless supporters of take the on sooner or Ia! Hoover's id A law in line with Mr. iill be enacted. ) leaving school after the regular course has training that is of immediate, prac- tical value. . To what influences must the in- creased interest in éducation be cred- ited? Much of it is traced directly to the broadening of the horizons of the soldiers who went to Europe in the World War. They got out of their village or local metropolitan environ- ments and saw the world. In addi- tion, all their families and friends, in following them through the daily press and conslflgrln! %:'«t struggle for the salvation of ci tion, ‘also broad- ened their own h ns. Mentality ceased to be confined to local gossip or rarrowness of any kind, and in doing 80 it broke the chrysalis and let spread the wings. There is more inteliigence among pupils today in reading of cur- rent events throughout the world than there was before. the World War, even among their te 3 broaden- ing of interest In world-wide matters is of greatest importance and signifi- cance. It began tl e march of our own two million soldiers through Europe in 1917 and 1918, together with the personal interest in them by rela- tives and friends at home. It has not ceased to- grow since the armistice. Newspapers today are read more intelli- gently and have become a recognized source of interest and instruction in every modern classtoom. The pupils’ minds today are cosmopolitan. ", * ok ok % Not of ledst importance in the expan- sion of education is the fact that it appeals to adults as well as youths. Formerly it was assumed that the high school—or certainly the eollege—grad ate had reached the “end of larnin upan receiving his discharge from rou- tine schooling. It has now been dis- covered that “man is never too old to learn,” and that, in fact, the man or woman of 30 to 50—nay, to 70 or fa ther—learns more readily, more com| hensively, than does the immature boy or girl the teens. The mature student has found himself, and can con- centrate far better than the giddy if not “gilded” youth, and is not ashamed to emulate the famcus Greek king in boasting “I grow old over learning many things." This feature of modern study gives promise of the widest possibilities. Who today confesses that he or she has passed the age of interest? We recall | how the “old woman” of 40 used to sit | beside the fireplace and knit; how the |old man used to whittle and chew to- bacco and spit and find fault with youth. Today they are members of wide-awake travel or science or art clubs, or are taking special courses in universities or correspondence schools. The expansion of interest in travel and exploration comes with the radio and television. The discoveries of science give thrills as stimulating to imagination as any romance. No longer is knowledge humdrum, ta be learned by rote—a weary task. Every achievement of modern science opens new doors to never-fagging curiosity, and happy is the family whose parents apd children forget age in their delight in study and reading. 3 ‘};‘nrkanm, th}: poedeemlnded with indignation as he gazed on the picture of the stolid | “Who lo%eened and let down this jaw?” The modern school teacher can reply that he or she is doing a good job of tinkering up the loose bearings of stolidity which cannot fail to satisfy the Markham of future generations. b S The unity of patriotism and educ: tion is exemplified by the hearty in- {terest which the American Legion is manifesting in “Education week” and in the development of schools. It is further demonstrated by the recent election to the highest offices of the Legion of educators of distinction. The new national commander of the Ameri- | can Legion, elected last month at Dallas, }Texv. is Dean Paul V. McNutt of the school of law, Indiana University. The former national commander of the Le- gion, Edward E. Spafford, makes a special appeal on behalf of Education week. in which he says: “America is the wealthiest Nation on earth. Yet there are some ten millions of citizens who are unable to read or write. * * * One can do his duty to our flag in aiding future good citi- zenship of our country by encouraging and vpromoting such a program as American Education week just as Surely as_he does his duty h}' shouldering a rifle in defense of our Natjon in time of emergency.” 7 ¢ Are the schools worth, their cost? For every cent we spend for schools we spend 5 cents for crime and 8 cents for n | "reventable {ll health and for wastage. Which is the best part of the budget? The query of Cicero has never been enewered: “What greater gift ot better can we therefor, it is clear that |offer to the state tham if we teach and rain up youth?” (Copyrizbt, 1028, by Paul V. Collins.) 1