Evening Star Newspaper, November 4, 1928, Page 42

2 THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. O, NOVEMBER 4 1928—PART o W THE | EVENING STAR ___ With Sunday Morning Edition. _ WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY......November 4, 1828 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor Chicago Eurpean Ofice Rate by Carrier Within he Evening Sti P . he Evening a nday Star (when 4 Sundays) The Evening and Sunday Star (when 5 Sundays) . . 85¢c per month The Sunday Star . 5c per copy Collection made at the énd of vach month. ders may be sent in by mail or telephone Main 5000. the City. 45¢ per month 60c per month Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday....1 yr.. $10.00; 1 mo.. Daily only, 1 ¥yril 36.00; 1 mo.. 50c Sunday cnly ... 1 yr. $4.00: 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and C: 1 yr., $12.00: Dadly only . §8.00; 1 Sunday only Member of the Associated Press. | The Associated Press 1s exclusively entitled | Lol $o the use for republication of all . published herein. the iocal news of publication of special dispatches herel served. Let the Country Know! Next Tuesday's demonstration on the streets of Washington, when a symbol of the voteless condition of the National Capital citizenship will be displayed, is intended to focus the attention of the ‘Washingtonians upon their deplorable political plight and at the same time to arrest the attention of the country at large to a condition of which millions of Americans are unaware and of which they will upon acquaintance with the facts strongly disapprove. It is hoped that this vivid expression of the voteless status of Washington when all the rest of the country is| voting for President and Vice President and members of Congress will bring about & demand both from Washington and from the States that the heart of the Nation be given life and health. 1t 1s computed that perhaps 40,000,000 votes will be cast next Tuesday, not the full possible number by any means, for there will remain away from the polls two classes of people, those who are en- titled to vote but who are indifferent to their privilege and their duty and those who, qualified in all other respects, are could be taken across ‘the ocean and the Navy Department offered the use of a fast cruiser for the purpose. but the English weie acamanc in their reiusal to brook delay in holding the event. It is unfortunate that the United States is content to sit idly by and let both Italy and England experiment in this most important feature of flying. The present high-speed ships, of course, are good for nothing but speed. They carry only a single person and are ex- tremely treacherous in their operation. But a plane’s ability to withstand the strain of being pulled through the air | at five miles a minute, a pilot's ability | | to retain consciousness at such speed, | and an engine’s ability to keep running | despite the tearing force of friction, furnish information to science the value of which cannot be denied, and | tell a story that goes a long way to promote the development of better | planes, better pilots and better engines. It may be argued that such speed will never be needed and that it is futile to risk the lives of airmen to experiment with it. That argument, however, will not hold water, as there is no one wise enough or bold emough to attempt to say where man's in- vasion of the skies will end. Aviation is in its infancy. The know-it-all about the air is & fool. America should not allow itself even to be remotely classed in that category. e New York's Native Son. Gov. Smith appropriately closed his campaign for the presidency last night in his home city. In continuation of its celebration of his candidacy. which started Friday with a great parade, Manhattan gave him a tremendous re- ception. The enthusiasm manifested for him is, of course, most heartening. The din of cheering cannot fail to give him confidence. He is an experienced poli- tician. He has passed through numer- ous campaigns and with but one excep- tion has been successful. He knows that in this fight he must carry his own State in order to win the presidency. He may lose even though he carries it, but he cannot win if he should lose it. With a record-breaking registration, both in New York City and in the State above the Bronx, calculations and unsafe. Partisan estimates of the result in New York State cover a wide disqualified by law because of their residence in Washington. Those who be- Heve in a fully active electorate will de- nounce the sluggishness of those laggard citizens who fail to vote. What can they say against the Washingtonians, who are denied the vote? Shall it be said that they are indifferent to their wrongs? The Citizens' Joint Committee on National Representation for the District of Columbia is comprised of representa- tives of various organizations. Some of these are strictly local, representing the Capital community in its various activ- ities. Others are of a national charac- ter with local branches, such as the American Federation of Labor, the Pederation of Women's Clubs, the ‘Woman Suffrage Association, the League of Women Voters, the Progressive Bdu- cation “Association, the Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teachers' Associa- tions. . Several million 'Americans are entolled =s members in the country at large of these various organizations, On Tuesday, the day of humiliation for the District of Columbis, they, through thelr local representatives and associates, should be stirred to sympathy for the distranchised Capital community, to the point of aétive intervention in its behalf. While the float that typifies the vote- less Washington surrounded by the voting members of the American com- monwealth passes through the streets of the mourning city next Tuesday all ‘Washingtonians who are affiliated and identified with national organizations should resolve to bring the picture of this deplorable condition directly before the notice of their associates in the States. It has always been felt that if the people of this country were made fully aware of the fact that here at the Capital, the very seat of Government, a community of half a million and more of people, intelligent, loyal -citizens, cheerfully bearing their share of the tax burden, contributing their blood and treasure to the national defense in time of war, playing in every respect the part of citizenship, the vital principle of representation through suffrage is de- nied an imperative demand would be made upon Congress for the correction of this condition, Next Tuesday will offer an opportunity for this situation to be made manifest. ————— Election may not.serve to cure all economic troubles, but it will at least give temporary relief to many from nerve tension and physical fatigue. Airplane Speed Competition. _That. intense rivalry exists between the nations of the world is again demonstrated in the strenuous efforts being made by England to take from Italy the world speed crown for air- planes. Despite the fact that only a #hort time ago one of Britain's fore- most pilots of fast seaplanes was killed when his ship dove into the water at a speed of 300 miles an hour, no let up has taken place in England’s efforts to produce the fastest machine of the air. . Lieut. D'Arcy Grieg, in a flight yesterday with a supermarine Napjer plane, reached an estimated pace of nearly three hundred and fifty miles an hour, and after a few more try-outs intends to ask the British air ministry for permission to make an official at- tempt to break the record which is held by Maj. Mario de Barnardi of Italy at 318 miles an hour. Since Lieut. “Al” Willlams made his vain attempt to get his privately built speed plane in shape for the last Schneider Cup races in Italy, America secems to have dropped entirely out of eompetition for one of the most coveted titles in aviation. When Williams, a noted Navy pilot, and his backers de- cided to build a plane for the blue ribbon event of flying the United States Government had already signified its intention not to enter. Willlams, in the trials, attained high speed in his small ship, but owing to necessary ex- weriments with the pontoons, he could not get it in condition in time for transporfation to Italy. The Italians, with true sportsmanship, requested range. Official Democratic pronounce- ments are that Gov. Smith will receive a plurality in New York® City of from 600,000 to 750,000, while conceding Hoover not more than 200,000 plurality up State. This is certainly an extreme view. On the other hand, Republican estimates place Smith’s plurality in the city at about 450,000 and Hoover’s plu- rality up State at from 575,000 to 600,- 000. All this figuring upon New York City and State is complicated by the fact that in the past Gov. Smith has been the favorite, who has broken down party lines in his races for the governorship. It has often been said in this campaign, however, that a different situation will prevail with the presidency rather than the governorship involved. Yet a fact remains to be borne in mind in this based on past performances are difficult grotesque disproportion of their legiti- mate incomes and their bank deposits all were matters of specific evidence. The prosecuiions were aided by confes- sions by some of the less stout-hearted members of the gang of grafters. But the chief element of success in this procedure lay in the speed with which the cases were prepared and presented and prosecuted. There was no time for them to grow cold, for witnesses to be seduced and spirited away, for financial accounts to be smeared with becloud- ing entries. It is possible to clean up even the dirtiest of cities. New'York has been cleaned on more than one occasion in the past. Chicago has had some spas- modic and partially successful purgings. Philadelphia is now going through the process. The real trouble lies not in the ! scouring out of the corners but in keep- ing them clean. After these efforts at purification there come relapses. It is always harder to keep clean than to get rid of the dirt. ———r . Student Rowdyism. College boy celebrations are tradi- tionally rough affairs. Seized appar- ently with an exuberance and mob spirit which cannot be squelched, uni- versity students make merry over the winning of an important sports contest or the ending of a term. College towns recognize this spirit and are inclined to sympathize as long as the fun stays within reasonable bounds. Occasional- ly, however, these celebrations take on the aspect of a serious and unrea- sonable disturbance against the public peace. Such was the case in New York recently, when several hundred Columbia University boys, after a “pep” rally over a foot ball game, de- scended into a subway, vaulted the turnstiles, surged sboard an express train, extinguished the lights in seven of the ten cars, ripped off the adver- tising signs, and terrorized the passen- gers, including women and children. ‘There is no excuse for such an oc- ourrence. Rowdyism and vandalism have no place in the American educa- tional system and there should be a tightening -of the reins all along the line. Students should be no more im- mune to prosecution than any other class or individual. A few expulsions from college or a few fines in Police Court might well have a dampening effect on the distorted conception of college spirit which manifests itself in such affairs. —— President Coolidge's message to the public in behalf of the Hoover candi- dacy was none the less influential be- cause it was brief and characteristic. ————— Politics is, after all, the art of con- clliation. No group of men—not even any two men—can be in absolute agree- ment on all possible shades of opinion. ——— The “On-Second-Thought” Club will organize as usual immediately after the returns are all in. R A great demonstration for Hoover is another reminder that in politics Mis- soulr always has ‘something to show, o S connection, It is that Gov. Smith is a native son of New York State and of New York City. Theodore .Roosevelt was the only other presidential candi- date who was born in New York City. In the course of history there have been fourteen candidates for President who were registered as New Yorkers by legal residence. Four of these, Aaron Burr, Rufus King, Horace Greeley and Grover Cleveland, were born, respectively, in New Jersey, Maine, New Hampshire and New Jersey. George and DeWitt Clinton, Martin Van Buren, Millard Fillmore, Horatio Seymour, Samuel J. Tilden, Al~ ton B. Parker and Charles E. Hughes were born in other cities of New York State than the metropolis. Chester A. Arthur, who became President through succession after the death of Garfield, though rated as a New Yorker, was born in Vermont. Gov. Smith’s New York nativity may prove to be a valuable political asset to him. His election depends in a measure on the size of the vote which he polls in his greatest stronghold, Greater New York, the city of his birth, Should it give him a phenomenal majority, over- coming the adverse vote cast up State, he may .win the presidency. Should it fail him in this respect he will almost certainly lose the race. et New York is expectant of an even more bewildering demonstration than when Al Smith made so conspicuous a stand at Madison Square Garden as a near nominee. O Philadelphia’s Purging. ‘Whatever may be thought of the ex- tent and character of the corruption of the officials of Philadelphia that has recently been brought to light through investigation, it must be said that pun- ishments have been prompt, and, so far as the matter has gone, adequate. The city is evidently bent upon a thorough purging of the rolls, and the application of such penalties as will serve to estab- lish a high standard of conduct in the future. Yesterday a member of the Pennsyl- vania Legislature and one of the Re- publican ward leaders of Philadelphia was sentenced to five years' imprison- ment in the county prison and to pay @ fine of $5,000 for the offense of taking bribe money from saloon keepers. A former police captain got a sentence of four years and a fine of $10,000; an- other captain got three years and the same fine; a special policeman got three years and $3,000 fine; another special eighteen months and $2,500 fine; a third special six months and $2,500 fine. These sentences were severe in that, if they are confirmed and served, the men will not be hereafter eligible to of- fice of any kind in the State of Penn- sylvania. The fines may be considered as of little moment, in view of the im- mense sums that have been employed 1n bribery and corruption. None of the defendants in this batch of cases would, in all likelihood, complain if fines alone were imposed. There have thus far been no slips in the prosecutions in Philadelphia. The cases have been speedily prepared and presented and tried. The investigation was so thorough and successful in the revelation of the facts that the grafters were literally caught “with the goods.” England to consent to a postponement until Williams and his racing plane Their crooked relations with the boot- leggers, thegr - marked affluence, the SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Looking Forward to Peace. The world will soon be at its best, ‘With gratitude in store— ‘The campaign books will take a rest, In just a few days more. The microphone will gently coo, As it has done of yore. The brass band will retire from view, In just a few days more, We will not have to try to think Amid the mighty roar, In slumber sweet our cares we'll sink, In just a few days more. Sound. “Do you think the arguments of your opponent are sound?” “Mostly,” answered Senator ghum. Sor- Jud Tunkins says since the shouting began he has been so busy with his lungs that he isn't sure whether he is giving his brains a fair chance. Neglected Occupation. By this campaign we are dismayed. Its lessons bravely taught Must leave & lot of golf unplayed And many fish uncaught. Taking a Small Advantage. “Are you really thinking of buying & new car?” “No,” sald Mr. Chuggins. “But our fitvver is laid up, and we enjoy riding along with the salesmen who are so willing to demonstrate.” “We all profess to love our fellow- man,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of China- town, “but the affection never extends to the individuals who have offend- ed us.” Uncertainty. ‘The elephant is slow and stout, ‘The donkey plays a kicking part. The old band wagons make us doubt Which one is going to spill the cart. “Dar ain' much benefit,” said Uncle Eben, “in goin' to church regular if yoh morals foh de rest o' de week Is | gineter be irregular.” UNITED STATES 3 IN WORLD WA | Ten Years Ago Today. Bitter fighting develops between the Americans and Germans along - the Meuse, south of Stenay, where the Ger- man 5th Army sent up heavy re- inforcements to prevent at all costs our crossing the river. * * * Despite stub- born resistance our men pushed ahead, reaching the southern edge of Beau- mont. * ¢ * Hal, forces win on a 30-mile line and advance everywhere from the Scheldt to the Oise, with an average gain of 3 miles, Many towns and half the formidable Mormal Forest is carried by storm. * * * French forces advance farther south and upfilement the British operations b} le dash across the Sambre Canal. * When the Austrian ai n“letlee went into effect this afternoon the I1tallan army had captured a total of 300,000 Austria and at least 5,000 guns. Sixty-three their divisions have been defeated. * * * Secretary Lansing issues a statement at 9 o'clock tonight that the allles have agreed upon the terms of the armistice to be offered Germany. The allled de- mands are sald to be as severe as those accepted by Austria. * * * Nine hun- dred and fifty-three names are on g;z casualty list given out by the War De- partment today, including 348 dead and killed in action, 577 wounded and 28 missing. Grand total to dage is 65,091, ns of Bishop of “Our Greatest Problem.” A letter from the head of one of the greatest women's organizations in the country has the following striking sen- tence: “In my opinion, no other prob- lem that faces the American people to- day is of more vital importance than that of religious training in the home.” In the course of her striking letter she speaks of the cultivation of the “soul of the home.” We believe that the concern | felt by this woman is widely shared by the multitude. The pressure of life today, its swift currents, its colorful and well-nigh ir- resistible appeals, and its larger free- dom, all conspire to make more difficult than ever the consideration of those things that constitute the foundation of character building. Some one facetiously observes that we are running about “with our souls in our satchels.” Even those of us who seek to maintain the old habits of devotional practice and the setting apart of definite times for quiet and reflection are finding it diffi- cult to do so. The calls of modern life are so clamorous and persistent that they seem to shut out those quieter voices that can be heard only by the inner ear of the soul. More and more we are being confronted with the ques- tion as to the econow and wisdom of our present course, We are all agreed that education is designed to fit our children for the strenuous battle of life. We are all agreed that the advantages that lie before them are greater today than they have ever been. In our better hours we maintain that education with- out ndeqt\llu training in those things that contribute to moral character is of little worth. It would be difficult to find a father or mother who would venture to maintain that the only requisite for fitness is the training of brain and hand. We all believe that religious training of some kind is indispensable and that without it chaos lies ahead. We once depended solely upon the or- ganized agencies of the church for such training; we felt that a brief hour in the Sunday school constituted all that our children needed to give them a right outlook upon life and to fix in them their moral and ethical ideals. We sent our children to the Sunday school EVERYDAY RELIGION BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, W ashington for spiritual instruction as we sent them to_the day school for their mental de- velopment. That the Sunday school has done miuch and must continue to do so goes without saying, but it is a wholly inadequate preparation for the stern battle of life. Precept and example in the home are worth more than precept and example in any other place. There are strong men and women today whose religious impulses were born and stimulated at the family altar. first real vision of the meaning of re- liglon in its relation to life from the 1ips of high-minded, consecrated fathers and mothers. The practice of grace at | meal they came to regard as the con- sistent recognition of Him who is the iver of every good :'n.gcrerlect gift. In ne, they came to late the whole- some things of home with the deep prin- clglu of religion. What they received when minds and hearts were plastic and receptive has become fixed in the form of definite convictions that have served to strengthen and stabilize them in meeting the exigencies and emer- gencies of their more mature life. Such men and women constitute our greatest security in days of stress and storm; they are the prepared ones. A Godless home, a home that lacks reverence and respect for sacred things, is a menace to the community in which it is placed. No amount of so-called culture or grouperlzy or refinement of environment can serve as a substitute for that which develops and enriches character and breeds in our youth the spirit of reverence for things that are holy. We cannot effect moral worth through legal processes. Laws may re- strain; they do not produce moral char- acter. We may trace much of our pres- ent dereliction as a people, with our disrespect and disregard of laws, to our moral supineness, the di- rect product of our indifference to the high claims of religion. Laws without ideals are inoperative. If we could in- duce parents to recognize more fully their moral obligations to their children we could relieve our legislative bodies of law-making and our courts of their overloaded calendars. The ancient word still holds true: “Bring up a child in the way he should go and when he is old he will not depart from it.” BY WILLIAM HARD. The presidential game is at the eighteenth hole with Hoover trying to putt out from about 5 feet and Smith from about 20. Hoover now needs per- haps only to roll, and he is a good roller. Smith now must play, and he is a good player. Hoover has virtually no last- minute strates Smith is full of it. The final ke of the Democrats is, and will be, a determined attack unon Hoover's personal record. An immense circulatio.. is under way for a reprint of @ ietter by a British official reviving the allegation that Hoover's name for a long time appeared on an “election list” in a borough in London, England. Our State Department reiterates its statement, issued when a report con- cerning this list was broadcast two weeks glt the so-called list of voters was of taxpayers and not & list of voters. The British government has been drawn Into the controversy and is caus- ing an inquiry to be made into the mo- tive of the letter by the British official and into the circumstances surrounding the securing of it from him by agents from this country. Hoover’s record in England, in Aus- tralia, in China, has been scraped to the bottom for evidence of unethical or un-American conduct. The last hours of the campaign seem likely to be filled with the results of these investigations. ‘They illustrate an accumulating fact in the final nature of the struggle. The personalities of the contestants are be- ginnis 'bom 1ift themselves more and more above the issues. * X Man; nd old issues are now seen to be l:grl‘nc and ailing badly in this camj n. Tfl'e‘l'tm affairs issue has been raised only in connection with Nicara- guans. It has fallen perfectly flat, be- cause an instant review of recent history has restored to everybody's memory the obvious fact that the Democrats under Wilson intervened in more Latin Ameri- can countries 't‘)aln nllle Republicans un- r Hardin, Coolidge. de'l'he traditional "VJI‘I° Street” issue has been equally deflated. Hoover owed nothing at Kansas City, for his nomina- tion, to any support from Manhattan Island. Smith's demonstrated fairness at Albany to the New York business community has enabled him rightfully to acquire much “Wall Street” strength. Neither party today is peculiarly the “Wall Street” party. That issue— temporarily, at least—is dead. Not even “water power” has been able really to revive it. Hoover and Hughes call Smith a “State Soctalist”; yet Smith continues to receive the undeterred con- lfldem;e and backin, olf n:;:yc:‘gn::nye argest power ple in \ such as ?thn D?eno.yln. Nicholas Brady, Robert McCarter and, above all, Owen D. Young, who, through the General Electric Co. and the Electric Bond & Share Co., was at the very origin of all those intricate interlacings of power in- terests commonly and extravagantly called “the power trust.” * K Kok This partition of “Big Business” sup= Egrt between Smith and Hoover has en accentuated by Smith's outright registration of himself as a guest in the American-plan protective-tariff hotel, which hitherto has been the very “citadel of privilege.” The Republicans assert that at this hotel Smith has no chlr%c account and will have to be watched closely by the house detectives. Smith stoutly asserts that he will pay on March 4 next, and there you are! Neither Smith's friends nor his enemies can effectively paint him as a “menace to_the money monarchs.” He again-—and similarly—has wholly evaded all such portraiture in the mat- ter of farm relief. Smith, in sum, as &n economic uj riser and upsetter, like Bryan, wea some of the costume of the part, but will not say the lines. The utmost that can be stated about the economic issues in_this combat is as follows: Hoover is quite thoroughly satisfled with the American vineyard. - He thinks that “the American system” is a good and vitally sound vine. He thinks that it needs a little irm pruning here and there, but that principally its only great need 1s the erection of new trellises on which it can magnificently grow and expand. Smith, on the other hand, while really equally fond of the American vine, maintains that it is blotched all over with the blight of “corruption” and he talks much less of trellises than of insecticides. He sets himself up more as a vine doctor than as a vine grower. Additionally, and along the same line of thought, he inclines toward the be- lief that the tests of the grapes might be improved by grafting onto the vine a few shoots of a different stock, such as a slip or two from the ry of governmentalized public utilities and a tentative twig from the theory of governmentally obliging all farmers to pay all private losses sustained in the exporting of major crops. Many voters will be swayed by these facts. Hoover will beat Smith in the “business” vote, which likes “expan- sion.” Smith will beat Hoover in the “reform” vote, which likes “remedies.” * ok ¥ It has become perfectly clear, how- ever, that this economic difference tween the two men is not proving suf clent to obscure their more personal characteristics. Millions upon millions of voters are going to guide their con- Presidential Candidates Now in Putting Match on Eighteenth Green duct next Tuesday by only the following contrast: Smith is gerlonllly wet, He is per- sonally Catholic. He rsonally has had a vast and successful experience in local and State government. Hoover is personally dry. He is per- sonally Protestant. He personally has had a great and successful experience in Federal Government. Smith refuses to dwell upon his im- personal, positive proposal for the State sale of liquor. That idea has not taken hold. What does take hold is Smith's emphatic personal opposition to the eighteenth “amendment and Hoover's em&gnw personal determination to try it ough to a definitive “experimental” conclusion. This point of personal attitude toward liquor will merge with confusion into the equally wholly personal point of rell . No reliable estimate gives Smith less than 90 per cent of the Catholic vote. No reliable estimate gives Hoover less than 70 per cent of the Protestant vote outside the Demo- cratic party stronghold of the solid South. The analyzers will fight for years over whether this result was mostly one of ‘Catholic wetness versus Protestant dryness or mostly one simply of Catholicism versus Protestantism. In elther case, however, it will be a result flowing from the personal qualities—or inheritances—of the candidates. * %k X Smith, the wet Catholic administra~ tive genius, in supreme touch with the roots of our local life! Hoover, the testant administrative genius, in" supreme touch with all the out- reng;n’ of our Federal—and interna- tional—life! Those two {orwnul ple- tures will be the largest pictures in the minds of the independent—and de- clsive—voters next Tuesday. To date they have put Hoover some- what closer to the tin cup on the eight- eenth n than Smith is. Hence, this cam) is ending on two notes which the Democrats hope may repair that inequality. One is the slashing personal attack upon Hoover. The other is a prospective dazzling display of Smith’s personal combative charms to the last. Hoover, Monday night, on the radio, in the last appeal to the people, plans to talk for 15 minutes with the un- argumentative placidity of a four-to- one favorite and then yleld the rest of the hour to a Republican concert of prosperous music. Smith will suc- ceag the music—and for a whole hour will fight. Can that personality of his prevail? That is the query that still sends a human quiver through the electoral-vote tabulations of the political mathema- ticlans. (Copyrisht, 1928.) — e Flexible Tariff Changes To Be Asked of Congress BY HARDEN COLFAX. Changes in the so-called flexible pro- visions of the tariff act are to be rec- ommended to Congress by the Tariff Commission in December. In view of the emphasis upon the tariff in the presidential campaign and the attitude of the nominees of both major political parties, it is probable that Congress will consider these recommendations more serfously than it has treated similar proposals by the commission in the past. Inasmuch as the price of domestic products, generally speaking, is influ- enced by price of their foreign counterparts or substitutes sold in this country, the tariff is of concern not only to producers and workers in the United States, but to all. consumers, Both the Republican and the Demo- cratic presidential candidates have de- clared for a protective tariff, differ- ing, however, on proposed methods of approach to a revision of rates. oKk The flexible tariff is an innovation of the 1922 act, the constitutionality of which was upheld by Supreme Court last Spring. Under its most im- portant section, the President is author- ized to change duties up or down within a range of 50 per cent, or to transfer the basis of valuation from foreign price to American price, in order to equalize costs of production here and abroad. Another section deals with un- fair practices, and a third is concern- ed with discrimination against Amer- ican products abroad. The Tariff Com- mission is made the agent of the Pres- ident in l.nvelt‘ia:tln‘z all these cases. * Here are some of the changes in the flexible provisions which the tariff commissioners propose to suggest to CCitifioation of now rification of how transportatios costs shall be treated, these being {n- cluded in costs of production; Amendment so that if a cha Fer cent in rate does not equ: erences in costs of change may be ma gpduuuan, a mlm'- Changes 50 as to clear up. dificulties in using invoice prices as indicators of foreign costs of production, which method is followed in some cases, some- times for convenience and at others, when foreign producers refuse to dis- close their costs, by necessity; Reconciliation of the periods between proclamation and effective date of the chany 0 days being required in one subsection and 15 in another: Amendment. to the dutiable to Iree list and vico They caught their | together | Capital Sidelights Out in Representative Rowbottem's home town of Evansville, Ind.,, on the morning of election day the school chil- dren are to be mustered in full force to help get out the vote. Patriotic exercises are to be held 1 the schools, empha- sizing the responsibility of the fran- chise. Street parades will be headed by the school bapds and with placards dis- played calling attention to the duty of citizens to vote. The aim; of course, is not to influence the vote for any particular candidate, but to combat indifference to the bal- lot box, to remind voters without re- gard fo their political affiliations that it is their duty to vote; at the same time to impress upon the rising gener- ation the privilege and duty of citizen- ship and to acquaint them at an early age with the mechanies of an election. It is proposed that honor. citizenship | badges be greaenrcd to pupils in whose homes each person voted who was en- titled to the franchise. Evansville is an attractive little city and largely a community of persons of German descent. LR Representative Roy Fitzgerald of Ohio, formerly a member of the House District committee and best know# in ‘Washington because he is fathering the workmen’s compensation legislation, and codification of the District laws, is fust back from attending the confer- ence of the Interparliamentary Union in Berlin. He made a personal investi- gation of the housing situation and governmental participation throughout Germany and the municipal market system in Berlin. He also had the spe- clal privilege of lnuxzecunz the great Ascher diamond-cutting establishment in Amsterdam, which is the world's headquarters for such work. .oy Occasionally & thrilling little tale of romance and heart interest is found in the correspondence of a member of Congress. For example, Representa- tive John W. Summers of Washington has been able to restore to their family after 10 years two young girls through a correspondence covering the United States, Russia, Germany and England. He has also located and returned to their distressed or needy parents a dozen or more youthful sons who had run away and joined the Army or Navy. * K oK ¥ The procession of tourists who have been driving this Summer over the nearly 250 toll bridges within the United States and on the international boun- dary, who incidentally saw 29 other toll bridges in process of construction, are especially interested in the promise of Representative John J. Cochran . of Missouri that he intends to legisla- tively slay the toll bridge octopus. In view of the fact that 253 bridge | bills were favorably reported by the | House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce from December 5, 1927, to May 29, 1928, some 235 of which became laws, there seems to be ground of considerable public interest in this matter, now that Everyman and gu wife and family are awheel these ays. During the first session of the present | Congress, Mr. Cochran golnu out, there were 201 toll bridge bills introduced, of which 122 were for private opert tion. ' Of this number 90 were finally approved, of which 62 are to be oper- ated by private agencies. More than 80 per cent of all the toll bridges in this country are today oper- ated by ervnte interests. Representa- tive Cochran argues that in the in- terest of all the people such franchises should be carefully guarded, and he proposes a House committee to inves- tigate the entire tofl bridge situation. * ko * The plan for the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory. at Panama, in commemo- ration of the great service to humanity performed by Gen. Willlam C. Gorgas in making that region livable for the white race, is enthusiastically supported by Representative William B. Oliver, who claims that Gen. Gorgas was one of his constituents, since he claimed his political domicile at Tuscaloosa, Ala. Representative Oliver points out that already there ‘is a beautiful, senti- mental Gorgas memorial at Tusca- loosa, the general's sister giving “high librarian of the University of Alabama, a position which her greatly beloved and sainted mother held for more than a third of a century.” In explaining the peculiar fitness of the memorial laboratory at Panama, Representative Oliver says: “It is peculiarly fitting that our coun- try should generously co-operate with Central and South America in estab- lishing and maintaining at Panama a memorial of international import to this great American, for certainly no man ever served humanity in a wider, more beneficent, more lasting way than did Gen. Gorgas. This is why he was loved and honored, not alone at home but by the nations of the earth, and though he has passed away from us forever, the fruits of his labor still live and will continue to serve mankind through this memorial laboratory. “Standing as it will at the crossroads of the natlons, it will ever serve to re- mind the world that this great Ameri- can above all brought to the practice of his profession in all its relations the loftiest standards of professional duty and honor. The purity of his life, the nobility and dignity of his character, his scorn of everything sordid, base or mean, the kindness of his heart and the grace and charm of his manner added to the wealth and abundance of his intellectual accomplishments, made him the fluest type and model of what & great physician can and should be. As such the world will not forget, but will ever cherish his memory, and the !enerouu aspirations of future genera- ons will find in his life and fame perpetual incentive to noble character, —eee versa, prohibited as the law now reads; and General smoothing to remove other administrative difficulties which have arisen. Congress may make other changes on its own initiative if the subject is con- sidered in legislative form, as there is pending a report from a special Senate committee. e * Business men and farmers under- stand the flexible tariff fairly weli now. They look upon the commission with increasing respect and appear before it as a business agency where legal coun- sel is not necessary and bare facts without embellishment are sought. ‘The commission, as the agent of the President, has had applications for changes in rates on hundreds of com- modities, from false teeth to pig iron, and, in the agricultural schedule, every- thing from soup to nuts. Under the rate-making section, appli- cations have been filed affecting 357 commodities, duplicate petitions being recelved in regard to many of these. Three hundred and ten of the applica- tions sought higher duties, and 313 asked for reductions, but among the lat- ter were 119 on the same subject, that of game birds, in addition to which 19 applications sought readjustments of rates without indicating whether an in- crease or decrease was desired. The commijssion has ordered 83 investiga- tions from among these applications, 20 of them in the agricultural schedule and 25 being in the chemical schedule. Under the unfair practices section, 27 applications have been received and 6 investigations have been ordered. The work under the discriminatory section is conducted through the State and Treut:? Departments and is not an- nounced. The President has acted on 27 reports from the commission, increasing duties in 22 cases and decreasing them on 5 commodities; he \has declined to act one way or the other in several other cases, while he still has before him sev- eral for consideration. The statistics show that, in most cases, the change in duty has affected the volume of imports of the commodity involved—and fre- ermit transfers from ! quently the price. (Copyright, 1928.) service to the youth of our country as| ‘The motion picture industry now is the largest consumer of silver in the United States, not excepting the United States Mint, according to the Bureau of Mines, Silver, the greclous metal which for centuries has held high rank as a medium of exchange and a ma- terial for the fashioning of adornments, now plays its largest role unséen. But | the romance of the situation is that in | doing so it makes it possible for 8 thousand other things to be seen. Silver is of the very essence of photo- graphic reproduction. The old-fash- | foned photographic plate of glass, the film used in the pocket camera and the movie reel alike render their serv- | ice because of silver. | All of the tourists in the world could not have made very much of an im- pression on the output of silver with their ‘cameras, but, with the develop- ment of the six-reel motion picture, the demand has increased to such a point that it exceeds all others. Not_even the family plate, jewelry, umbrella handles and cane bands use as much silver as the movies. The sil- ver dollar, half dollar, quarter and dime even fall below the movie film as cus- tomers of the mines. The process is, in general terms, as follows: Silver is combined with chlorine. This operation must be performed in absolute darkness. The combination 15 called silver chloride. This is then made into liquid by the addition of albumen. It is not dissolved, as that term can scarcely be applied to silver chioride, but is suspended. The film then is passed through a bath of this liquid. The film usually is made of celluloid. This is the inflammable type of film, but recently an inflammable film has been made of a resinous composition. Either type has to pass through the silver chloride bath before it becomes photographic: How Light Reacts. The very secret of the film is that, having been coated with silver chloride in darkness and kept in darkness until used, exposure to the light—the tiniest speck of light—reacts upon it in such a way as to reproduce upon the film surface the shadows and lights before it. In the final analysis, a picture is noth- ing more than an arrangement of light and shadow. Some such arrangements are in the form of a landscape and some in the form of a human face, but, reduced to its simplest form, a- picture is merely an arrangement of light and shade. James Abbott McNeil Whistler, one of the most distinguished artists of modern times, was very sensitive to this fact and frequently gave titles to his pununfl indicative of this sensitivity. One will find a portrait of a man bearing no title or name beyond “Arrangement in Black and White” or “Arrangement in Grei and Silver.” The human eye itself, of course, is a camera, but it sees gradations of shades | called ~colors, while the inanimate camera, or rather the film, sees every- thing merely as black or white of vary- ing intensity. The trained artist sees these colors more readily than one who is not. It might be more accurately stated that the artist recognizes colors. Others may actually see them but not recognize them. Thus, snow often is painted in varying shades of blue and purple and the representation is faithfal. The artist sees the blue in the snow, really merely a sky reflection, just as the blue or green sea is, whereas the layman almost instantly rejects the idea that the snow can be anything but white. ‘While not noting the colors, the silver SILVER IN THE MOVIES BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. does note every other least gradation in shading and that makes the picture. As every one knows nowadays, the motion picture merely is a series of still pic- tures, shown in rapid succession. The output of silver in the United States In 1927 was 59.000.000 ounces. Only 4,000,000 ounces of the metal were required by the director of the mint for the minting of coins. Four million ounces has been the aves annual rate for several years. Relatively few silver dollars are coined and the 4,000.- 000 ounces goes largely into subsidiary coinage. Silver Recovered From Waste Film. ‘The amount of silver used in the arts in 1927 was 27407,600 ounces and of this total practically 16,000,000 ounces were required for mction picture films— or more than half. There is hidden from sight in the form of a coating for movie films silver each year than all the chests of silver, silver services, silver cups for golf champlonships and such trophies, silver wedding anniver+ sary presents, silver spoons and the thousand other articles which make such a jolly showing and, alas, require polishing quite frequently! The amount of silver used in the movies would be much greater were it not for the fact that processes are em- ployed for recovery of waste film. Any one who knows the first thing about movies realizes the tremendous mileage of film wasted. Scenes have to be shot time and again before the desired effect is achleved. The megaphoned movie director says “As you were” more fre- quently than a drill sergeant training an awkward squad. In making the usual motion picture play several times the amount of film actually unwound for projection on the screen before an audience is used. Then, too, even when all the scenes are satisfactory, -the length of time required for showing may prove too long and the film must be cut. All this exposed film, useless as it has become, is gathered up -and put through a process which recovers the silver and the metal is used over again in making a fresh solution.of silver chloride for coating new film. Many Duplicate Films. But it must be remembered that the final film, passed by the movie direc- tor and by the censor, is by no means the only one. It is copied and copied again until there are many duplicate reels to be sent out on the various circuits to the movie houses all over the country. Finally, at least one and usually sev- eral coples are permanently filed away. This practice is increasing, especially in connection with news pictures. Motion pictures of notable events are carefully stored away so that future generations may see just exactly how the Lind- berghs and Tunneys, the Smiths and Hoeovers, the flappers and their boy friends of our day looked and acted. This is being done because we know how keenly we would appreciate see- ing motion pictures of the Battle of Gettysburg, the surrender at York- town, the sinking of the Spanish Armada, or the siege of Troy had movie men been on hand in those days. But it must be remembered that this constantly increasing store of films is putting away a vast quantity of silver. Every film put in storage for future use ties up so many ounces of the precious metal. It is conceivable that a time may come in the future when the silver will be gone from the mines and r:ducovered in movie film storage places. Fifty Years Ago In The Star In this column last week was printed an extract from lnlh‘:l.euo( The Star S o a century Gas-Electricity ago m':uv, t the a4t prospective compe- Competition. Fjon™ between the new electric light and gas for public illumination. The same subject is thus discussed in The Star of October 30, | 1878 “Much has been said of the declin- { ing value of the stock of the New York and other gas companies caused by the prospect that gas will be super- seded by electricity as an illuminating agent in the near future. It appears that Manhattan Gas Company stock sold on October 2 at 200% and on October 23 at 148. New York Gas Com- pany stock dropped between the same dates from 921 to 78'5. Metropolitan Gas Company stock sold at 125 on the 54 ‘of October: on the 23d of October the same stock offered obtained no bids, but on the 9th of October at pri- vate sale the stock figured at 105. It is said that a company for popuiarizing the electric light, claiming prior organi- zation to the one established by Edison, has experimented successfully and has introduced its light in several places in the country and that rights have been largely sold in England and on the Continent. This organization Is controlled by the gas companies and was formed by them not lonL after Edison’s experiments in lighting by electricity began to be the subjects of publications in the newspapers. The question of priority of patent right be- tween Edison and the inventor and F.tenue of the gas companies’ electric ight, it -is said, is likely to come up in the courts on a question of infringe- ment.” * * % Protest against the somewhat hflg- hazard designing and placing of pub- . lic monuments in Wash- Public Art ington ity vears ago ‘were occasionally voic Criticized. 1n"thecolumns of The Star. The follow in the issue of October 30, 1878, relates to the latest additions to the Capital's outdoor art: “Every person of taste will admit that in the embellishment of our city with statues and monuments many grave errors have been committed. The most superb sites for effective dec- oration have been spoiled by having inappropriate monuments erected thereon. For instance, the cemeterial group of white marble before the west- ern front of the Capitol is sadly out of place, and at a distance it is indis- tinguishable. A colossal, plainly dis- cerned figure of bronze or a grand fountain would have been the proper thing. It was in very bad taste to pro- pose - another mounted warrior for M Street Circle while that section already numbers four such. This beautiful site should have been occupied either by a large fountain or a monumental design in the form of an octagon, when a front view would have been presented to each of the eight converging streets. In that case the Thomas monument | should have been put up in P Street | Circle, to establish something like con- formity. I assert that the cavalry tri- angle, ‘McPherson-Scott-Thomas’, is absurd. Many more faux pas could easily be pointed out. What is most needed now to prevent further mischief is the working out of a systematic plan for the harmonious and imposing adornment of the Natignal Capital and then urging this plan upon the atten- tion of ;fren. A committee of men of esthetical culture, artists and archi- tects, should be "llzwlnhd by the Com- missioners for purpose. We have in Washington at present the basis and groundwork of a magnificent modern Capital, but the details of its embellish- ment must not be left to the arbitrary notions of an individual.” A correspondent whose letter was printed in The Star of November 1, 1878, expressed himself much more! emphatically regarding the naval mon- ument west of the Capitol, saying: “That group is, I think, an abomina- tion—a monstrosity, a blotch, a blur and excrescence, an unsightly thing— and ought not to be tolerated in a city where fine esthetic tastes abound. It is nothing more nor less than a ‘ceme- terial group)jand not haif so well ex- This and That By Charles B Tracewell. - Jack Spratt went visiting the other day. A | Not a cat visit, but a human being | sort of visit, which is an entirely dif- ferent thing for a cat. ‘When one of the furry creatures goes on a visit on his own, he chooses the time and plfiu and personally superin- tends the detalls, Such trips are much to a cat’s liking. The visit Jack Spratt made, however, involved his being gathered up like a sack of meal and carried to a nearby home, where yisitors had expressed a desire to meet him. He was taken with some hesitancy, since no one can ever be sure of exactly what a cat will do under any circum- stances, given or otherwise. You can never count on a cat. * oKk K A dog, now, is a reasonably stable sort of a creature. If you know your dog, you can be fairly sure of what he will do under cer- tain circumstances. It he sees a cat he may chase it, or again he may only bark at it: but whichever it is, if he does it once he will do it again. 7 A cat, on the other paw, may adopt one course of action one time and ex- actly its opposite the next, as suits his fancy and the mood of the moment. A cat, being his own master, suits his whims to no one. If he chooses to be as bold as a lion, he will do so; but if he prefers to shrink back and cower, he will so act. A cat may not be master of his own llhel, but he surely is captain of his own soul. * ok ok x When Jack Spratt was taken on his visit he sat curled up in the carrying arms with true feline grace. He manifested no alarm, but looked around the strange house with great interest. Immediately he began to rio his jaws against the face above his, first on one side and then on the other, a character- istic demonstration’ of affection. This, of course, made, a great “hit” with his new admirers. When Jack had done this trick for : sufficient time, he meowed to Qe let lown, Once on the floor, he gazed disdain- fully at a leopard rug in his path, care- fully walked around it and sauntefed out into the dining room. Every one—except Jack—was disap- pointed in his lack of respect for the leopard-skin rug. Somehow every one felt that Jack Spratt, house cat, should show some interest in the pelt of one of his great cousins. Jack, however, was too busy investi- gating the dining room. He walked first beneath the table, then around it, after which he made at once for the kitchen. * ok ok X In the kitchen, Spratt sat himself down in front of the refrigerator, hop- ing that a full meal would pop out. This refrigerator, however, refused to be as accommodating as the one at home. Jn:‘kb llccflrdl.l;(ly. -ru;l "lillun. a re- spectable time, during whic refrig- erator should have npemd,wlumw.dm back through the dining room. The staircase next appealed to and up this he went. A brief ins) Shown: b umeutwwn home, . wn ; [ His conduct had been exemplary, his manners charming.. Altogether, it was’ & most successful visit. ecuted ‘u mnnumenud‘yau will find in many of our graveyar hout the country. There il nm"r?rmoz“.plunnl. striking, interesting or’ beautiful about the whole thing: It consists of a pile of blocks of marble, stuck over with knicknacks in the shape of cupids with tridents. cannon balls, fruit, wreaths, weeping females and females not weep- ing. It is really painful to contemplate the unsightly thing occupying., as it does, so prominent—the most prom- ;n;x‘ent place, I may say—in the whole city.” s