Evening Star Newspaper, September 23, 1928, Page 30

2 THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C SUNDAY.....September 23, 1928 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor s Ave. E East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Building. Europeun Office; 14 Regent 8t.. London. Englanc The Evenine Star... The Evening and Sun (whan 4 Zundays) - e Fvenine end Sun “wnen § Sundays) 65¢ per month ahe Sunday Star .. Sc_per copy 10n made at the'end of sach month. Orders may be sent in by mail or telephons Main 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. IDM;' and Sunda { ¥ l;g %- i ];g. ggg Daily only ¥ .00; o Bunday only 137, $400; 1 mo. 40c All Other States and Canada. Datly only Sunday only ... Member of the Associated Press. The Aseociated Press is exclusively entitled to the use tor republication of all news dis- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and also the iocal news published herein Al rights of pnblication of special dispatches herein are also veserved. Car Fare Rates and Merger. Senator Capper’s protest to the Public Utilities Commission against any present increase in the rate of street car fares in the District is distinctly in protection and promotion of the community wel- fare and should be heeded. Senator Capper recognizes that it is within the power of the commission thus to ad- vance the rate of fares while the merger project is pending before Congress for epproval, but he questions both the need of such an increase and the are born. Merely the raw material of a man is born. The individual is made by his environment—and there are few greater factors in environment than clothing. The shirt one wears is an intimate and potent element of the world in which one lives. Clothing, like water, seeks its own level. The phenomenon is familiar to all of us. A new necktie calls for a new shirt. A new shirt calls for a new suit. A new suit calls for a new overcoat. In the same way, one does not wear a new silk shirt with a thread- bare suit. Arbitrary change of a single article of attire has a powerful tendency to bring about change in the whole ward- robe. The habit of wearing shoes, if it could be inculcated in the laboring classes of Portugal, eventually would change the whole dress system. Thus a profound change would be brought about in the environment. This, in turn, inevitably would bring about a profound change in the habits of think- ing and the outlook on life and oppor- tunity. Telling the people of a village that they must wear shoes is an indirect way of telling them that they must clean up their viliages, build new houses and eat better food. It is an indirect way of telling them that they must find money to do these things. It is impossible to predict the far- reaching social results of such an edict. B Protesting the Left Turn. The Merchants and Manufacturers’ Association has added its voice to the growing protest against the system of left-hand turns made in Washington at automatically lighted intersections and at crossings where policemen are stationed. When the lighting system was first installed the authorities de- wisdom of making one at this time. He calls attention to the fact that members of the Senate have in the past seriously questioned the right of the commission to raise the rates of both companies when only one has (as in this case) petitioned for or claimed the need of additional revenue. On its face there is something paradoxical and something repulsive in the neglect of community welfare involved in the suggestion that if one street railway claims to need an in- crease of fare, but refuses to ask or receive it unless a like increase is granted to another company which does not claim to need it, the only solution of the problem is to exact both increzses from the car-using com- munity. In the “unification agreement” be- tween the two street railway corpora- tions and the bus line, which has been submitted to Congress for approval, it is stipulated that the “present rates of fare,” except as to transfers, shall re- main in force for a period of one year after the “date of closing” of the egreement, which is by that instrument defined as the date of the transfer of the properties in the new company and the delivery of new-company certificates to the shareholders of the old corpora- tions. It 1s further stipulated that the existing companies shall not be preclud- ed from requesting a change in fare “if this agreement is not approved by the present session of Congress.” It is under the latter stipulation that the pending application of the Capital Traction Co. for a rate increase has been made, in which application the ‘Washington Railway & Electric Co. has been, by ;porger; of, the egmmission, united. g If there is any doubt whatever as to the propriety of present action in increase of the fare rate, applicable to both companies, the benefit of it should be given at this juncture to the car riders. There has been no showing of urgent need on the part of the com- penies, that of either the first-applying or the cther which was joined as appli- cant by the commission. In his letter to the commission, Senator Capper, who has familiarized himself with the condi- tions, expresses positive doubt as to the need of an increase, citing figures of earnings which at least establish the presumption that there is no stringent necessity at this time for action which might seriously prejudice the cause of Just merger before Congress. Reading between the lines of Senator Cepper’s protest one discovers a hint to the corporations of poor policy in demonstrating before merger has been effected that under the laws as they stand the car-using community is negligible in fixing the car fare to be exacted from it. Everybody wants street railway merger. The community, how- ever, wants a merger that shall be fair, by which the car users and tax payers shall participate equitably in the bene- fits, and not merely suffer from the merger en increase of their burdens. ——— ‘Washington is in no different position from other great cities in finding that new social conditions call for more policemen, and, in some instances, bet- ter ones. There is scarcely a town on the map that can be warranted in as- suming toward its neighbors a “better- than-they” attitude. R The Philosophy of Shoes. Portugal demands that all its citizens wear shoes. Starting October 1, ac- cording to a newspaper dispatch from Lisbon, it will be a misdemeanor to ap- pear on the street barefooted. The police have an unenviable task before them in enforcing this law. Few peoples have shown as little inclination to submit to standardization as the Portuguese. The right of the individual to dress, eat, drink and think as he or she pleases is fundamental in the popular philosophy. There might be meek submission to such an edict in Central or Eastern Europe, where simi- lar laws have not been unknown in the past. The inhabitants of the Iberian peninsula are staunch individualists who hitherto have resisted successfully attempts at mass discipline. Such a law may appear on its face es an arbitrary and obnoxious expres- sion of official cdpriciousness. Yet it may be a sincere effort at the applica- tion of scund sociology to the problem of raising the standard of 1ving and the sense of civic responsibility in the Tepud) Any edict of this kind, If successfully enforced, is likely to have a profound effect for better or worse on a social organism. Peter the Great, in his campaign to westernize Russia, is said to have laid particular stress on a law requiring all men to shave. ‘There is no little tyuth in the old cided to keep green light traffic free from interference. Accordingly, the left-hand turn in two sections was de- vised and the right-hand turn on the red light was forbidden. A short time ago the traffic office, believing that this system had been successful, ex- tended its use to crossings controlled by policemen. While Washingtonians were willing to accept the outside left turn as ap- plied to the lights because they could see merit in the theory which would keep the streets clear for synchronized green light traffic, dissatisfaction was expressed when they were compelled to violate one of the fundamental rules of the road at intersections where po- licemen were stationed. This dissatisfaction has grown to a point where the Merchants and Man- ufacturers’ Association has appealed to the Commissioners for a change. The fundamental left-hand turn is from the middle of the street or road where the driver making the turn breasts only the line of traffic facing him. The out- side left turn as practiced in Washing- ton is a violation of this principle, the driver in this case breasting two lines of traffic, one of them at his back. The extension of the system has caused motorists here to make the outside turn by habit, regardles{ of whether the crossing is regulated or not. The Hoover conference, composed of eminent traffic experts from all sec- tions of the country, approves none but the inside left turn on the theory that two kinds of turns are not only con- fusing to the motorist, but dangerous to moving traffic. It is this standard that the Merchants and Manufactur- ers’ Association wishes the Commis- sioners to adopt for Washington. That the present practice is con- fusing and a breeder of accidents can be observed by any local motorist. If there is more than one line of traffic approaching an intersection, the driver desiring to make a left-hand turn must be on the outside if a policeman is stationed there at that time and on the inside if there is not. If the driver is close to the intersection before he discovers the presence of an officer he must weave from one line to an- other to get into the proper position. Frequently, it is impossible to tell whether an officer is on duty before the intersection is reached. Another feature of the present method is that when two or more cars are waiting to make the outside left turn, the street is closed completely to those desiring to make a right-hand turn and this innocuous maneuver is delayed until another change of light or signal. In view of the protests which have been launched against it the system of turning in Washington is deserving of study by the traffic office and the Commissioners. If confined solely to the lights the present left-hand turn will find few opponents on the basis that this network of signals needs special treatment, but the extension of it to police-controlled interesections and to other crossings, unpoliced and unlighted, because of habit formed by motorists has received and will receive little support from those who drive automobiles in the National Capital. ——e————— Few campaign orators think of using an airplane, in spite* of the greater amount of territory that could be cov- ered in a given time than by rail. It is dangerous, even for a statesman, to be too liberal in sharing his fame. A celebrity arriving by air would suggest to the crowd a fleeting sense of disap- pointment because he was not Lind- bergh. —e— Early Birds. Whoever is elected in November, Washington will undoubtedly be crowd- ed in March for the inauguration of the people’s choice. The Capital looks for- ward to a return of the old-time cere- monial, with public demonstration, and hopes that immediately after election the successful aspirant for the presi- dency will announce his willingness that such a program in return to the custom of decades up to comparatively recent times will meet with his approval. In that event preparations will at onee be started, and the citizens of the District will doubtless without partisanship be- gin the work of making the inaugura- tion of 1929 notable in American his- tory. Preparedness is the order of the day, and it is interesting to note that already reservations have been made by a New York organization for a large area of hotel room in this city for inauguration accommodations. This is a Republican organization, and the enterprise shown by it is evidence of enthusiastic confi- adage that “clothes make the man.” Psychologists dence in the outcome of the election. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, EVERYDAY RELIGION BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, ever be sure of the outcome of a presi- dential contest. It would be well in these circumstances to underwrite these parti- san reservations. For instance, the New York Republican group that has just pre-empted a large block of hotel suites should make private arrangements with & corresponding Democratic group of the same city to take over the reserva- tions in the event that the successful candidate should chance to be Gov. Smith instead of Mr. Hoover. Why should not a spirit of comity prevail in this matter? Let there be competition for good space between Republican or- ganizations and groups with an offset- ting corresponding and insuring com- petition among Democratic bodies, with the distinct understanding that the rooms shall go to that side in favor of which the tide of ballots turns in No- vember. It is to be assumed that these hotel reservations are all contingent at pres- ent, that when a bargain is made for certain selected spaces in the hotels they are conditioned upon the result of the election. The hotel managers can- not afford to tie up to either party. Their rooms are their chief asset in a presidential year. They expect a big crowd in Washington, whoever is-elect- ed, and they will not be disappointed. But it would be more satisfactory, more businesslike, to have the reservations “match,” a Democratic order balancing a Republican order to the limit of hotel capacity. No more assuring sign of keen interest iin the March ceremonies will be had than this September reservation of rooms. It should go far toward indue- ing the successful candidate, whoever he may be, to consent to a return to the old style of inducting Presidents into office—a style which was set aside a few years ago to the keen disappointment of many thousands of Americans, and for the revival of which there is now such strong demand. o A New One. Many unique alibis have been offered in, traffic courts. Some of them have worked, some have not. Frequently, however, the judge is so struck with the originality of these excuses that he dis- misses the case. This is what happened the other day in New York, when a junk dealer, arrested for driving his ancient horse and dilapidated wagon past a red light, told the court that it was not his fault because his nag was stub- bornly inclined to stop on the green and go on the red, and that try as he might he could not convince the equine that this was the wrong procedure. Where- upon the magistrate, with a twinkle in his eye, told the driver that in the fu- ture he had better blindfold the horse or keep off automatically lighted streets if he did not want to be fined. Such excuses as “Honest, judge, I'll give you the car if it can go forty miles an hour,” and “Your honor, my speedom- eter is out of order and that's why it seemed to me that I was well within the speed limit,” are so timeworn and frayed that they seldom have an effect in averting the payment of penalty, but when a man like Herman Meyero- witz, a junk dealer, tells the court with serious mien that his horse is just plain contrary about the new-fangled trafic lights, what is the judge to do but free him? Herman undoubtedly is a good Jjunk dealer. “Criminals say some brain experts should be treated as naughty children. In that case, their pictures should not be published. Nothing tends so strong- ly toward making a naughty child worse as noticing him. ————— 1t every citizen who has found pleas- ure should contribute as liberally in sympathy as he has contributed in en- joyment, the funds available in this time of disaster would be, indeed, enor- mous. oo Al Smith is a man of courage, in spite of the fact that he refuses to drive an automobile. He does not hesitate to take full charge of the steering wheel in his own band wagon. v eees Europeans used to admit they found American politics hard to understand. America makes the same admission with reference to European politics, ) SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, Perpetual Discontent. ‘The husband all indignant cried, “Friend wife, oh, have a care! To you my love shall be denied 1t you should bob your hair!” And yet, in Fashion’s name, She bobbed it just the same. The husband, still protesting, sighed, “Friend wife, you're looking strange! Bobbed hair I learned to view with pride. Yet now you make a change!” Said she, “You're always wrong, Hair now is worn quite long!” Leadership in Moderation. “We look to you for leadership!” ex- claimed the admiring friend. “Leadership,” answered Senator Sor- ghum, “must be carefully managed. It's well to have enough to carry out your ideas, but not so much as to classify you as a political boss.” The Rural Billboard. The patient billboard once portrayed ‘The circus on a big parade— But now it shows a wondrous troupe Of motors, overcoats and soup. Jud Tunkins says bathing suits are so revealing that he is not surprised when now and then an engagement is broken. Obstructed Listener. “You are studying farm relief.” “I'm doing my best,” answered Farmer Corntossel. “But the farm isn’t bring- in’ in enough this year to keep the radio going.” “A wise man,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is less eager to display wisdom than a willingness to learn.” Food Problems. Food problems bring us grief complete As carefully we buy, We ask, “Are we compelled to eat? If so, how much and why?” “My idea of a sociallst,” sald Uncle Eben, “is a pusson dat claims any are coming more and |But, as history has recorded, there are ) chicken he sces foh his Sunday din- more to abandon the idea that men many disappointments, and no one can ner.” [2 Bishop of “The Great Attainment.” “The glorious liberty of the chil- dren of God” (Romans, viii.21). Liberty has been the watchword of our people. It has challenged the de- votion of men and women alike and called forth a type of heroism that is our boast and pride. Down through the ages men have repeatedly made sacri- fices in the interests of a larger liberty. The relation that the teachings of Jesus Christ bear to this universal quest of mankind is vital and intimate. Thos2 who have championed the cause of lib- erty have felt the inspiration of Him whose teachings constitute the expres- sion of life's supremest ideals. Victor Hugo once said that “The first tree of liberty was that set up on Golgotha whereon the Savior of mankind was crucified.” Our generation is witnessing an in- sistent search for larger liberty and this search is frequently characterized by an unwillingness to recognize those indis- pensable conditions that guarantee to us “life, liberty and the pursuit of hap- piness.” The emphasis now is largely upon “personal liberty,” a form of selfisa individualism wiolly unresponsive to the interests of our social and corporate life. We would substitute license for liberty; we would disregard those time-honored and consistent conventions that con- tribute to the weal and happiness of that common fellowship of which we are a part. We have been reminded in certain quarters of late that the teachings of Christ place large limitations upon life, that they produce a form of slavery and restricted freedom of action. There is certainly nothing in the words of the great Master to confirm this. He de- clared that He came to usher in “the more abundant life.” He contended D. C. SEPTEMBER Washington with the narrow churchmen of His age for their ungenerous and repellent sys- tems, and sought to make evident to men the value of 2 religious habit and practice both appealing and life-renew - ing. There is urgent neced that the youth of our generation should be made to understand that the Christian life as conceived by the Master is designed to enrich and emancipate men from the thraldom of superstitious fear and bur- dening anxiety. In one of the most re- markable utterances of Jesus he said, “Ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free.” It was the in- spiration of such teaching that prompt- ed the early disciples, in speaking cf their new-found faith, to characterize it as “the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free” They preached this liberty to men and women who all their lifetime had been subject to bondage through fear. It was such preaching and teaching that wrought a change in the habits and practices of men as had not been known before. Christianity stands today as the sponsor and guardian of human liberty. Its ideals carried into the common things of everyday practice must effect finer conditions of individual and social life and contribute mightily to the hap- piness and peace of mankind the world over. Christ is the exponent of a phi- losophy of life that bears immediately upon our dearest and finest interests. To accept such a philosophy and live by it means to recognize plan and pur- pose as well as objective in the scheme of life. It means to make the part we play indispensable to the outworking u! an orderly universe. It means to see in the cumulative effort of life the gradusl consummation of our highest hopes and expectations. It means to see at the end of its way the dawn of a better day anhnd the attainment of life’s supreme aim. “Whispering Campaign” Is Screaming and Roaring BY WILLIAM HARD. Religious and racial questions have come at this week end to occupy a larger space in this campaign than in any previous campaign in our whole history. ‘This situation was certainly not started by the candidates. It is well known that Smith is lergely surrounded, personally, by non-Catholics. It is equally well known that Hoover is largely surrounded, personally, by non- Protestants, Among Hoover's secretaries and closest political companions there are numerous members of the Catholic faith. One of the foundations of his political fortunes, for instance, is “the A. R. A, Association,” which consists of the enthusiastic admirers who shared his toils in the days when the American Relief Association was “feeding Europe.” In the “board of management” and in the ‘“executive committee” of “the A. R. A, Association” Catholics are ex- tremely prominent. There 1s not a day of Hoover’s life in which Catholics and Protestants are not equally cognizant of his most in- timate political affairs. It is, further, a supreme oddity in this campaign that Smith, the Catholic, has never had any contacts of personal acquaintance with the Pope, whereas Hoover was distributing food in Poland when a certain Italian of the name of Ratti was the papal diplomatic repre- sentative in that country; and Ratti came to know all about Hoover, and Hoover came to know all about him; and Ratti is now His Holiness Pope Pius the Eleventh. If an acquaintance ‘with the Pope could damn a candidate, the damnation would be Hoover's. * ok ok K Nevertheless the “whispering cam- paign” about religion continues; and— here in Washington, at any rate—it is idle to call it “whispering.” It does not “whisper.” It screams and roars. Two periodicals here published, the Fellowship Forum and the Protes- tant, endeavor week by week and month by month to give all the open publicity that they possibly can en- compass to their contention that the holding of the office of President by a Catholic would be a “menace” to “our free institutions.” ‘The Fellowship Forum has links of personal relationship to the Ku Klux Klan. The Protestant is edited by Dr. Gilbert O. Nations, who is professor of Roman law, Canon.law and legal. history in the American University, a local institution of higher learning pos- sessed of a quite distinguished teaching staff and conducted under Methodist auspices. The American University, it is to be anderstood, does not in any way sponsor the Protestant. A famous member of its staff, Dr. Edward T. Devine, has zome out emphatically in favor of Smith for President. The point of importance regarding the Protestant is that it indicates that so-called “intolerance” can be backed by scholarship and can thrive in this campaign in circles far remote from “rural cross-roads ignor- ance.” This “intolerance” gets new edge from certain absurd utterances of Catholics in Europe. The Unita Cattolica, a Catholic organ in Florence, Italy, has recently stated that Smith would re- verse “the obstinacy of America in keeping its doors closed to immigra- tion and its selfishness in adhering to a protective system” and that there- fore “it is to be hoped that under Smith the Democratic party will tri- umph.” Simultaneously, an Italian cor- respondent of a leading Chicago news- paper, in a dispatch from Rome, stated that “the first advantage which the church would hope for from the election of Smith would be the creation of a Vatican embassy in Washington.” That ridiculous prognostication has thrown the anti-Catholic press of the United States into transports of horror. It is manifest, nevertheless, that Smith cannot possibly be expected to control Catholic lunacy in Europe any UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today Advancing northward on a front of more than 90 miles, the allied armies in Macedonia, overcoming all resistance, notwithstanding the reinforcements of Germans and Bulgars, rushed down in a frantic effort to check them, have broken through the mountain zone that was called impregnable by the enemy’s general staff, and are moving swiftly forward on the plains where is spreal the vital railway system of southern Serbia. Forces of six nations are driv- ing the enemy north in wild confusion. + "« '« Gen. Allenby's forces, push- ing through Palestine, capture 25,000 ‘Turks and 260 guns. The rest of the Sultan’s army of 40,000 is doomed through the seizing of the last of the passages of the Jordan. The country is now lost to the Moslems, and the whole railway system in southern Syria will come under allied control. * ¢ * The French now hold the west bank of the Oise for more than 3 miles north of La Fere. The Germans evacu- ate Vendeuil to avoid being trapped by the French. * * * Despite desper- ate German resistance, the British push forward and conquer strong posi- tions northwest of St. Quentin. * * * ‘Two thousand two hundred and twenty- five new cases of influenza, reported by camp surgeons up to noon today, bring the total number of cases reported thus far to 20,211, * ¢ ¥ Thirty-six thousand eight hundred and thirty- five casualties in Army and Marine Corps, including today's lists of 465 names, I'ihe sunshine more than Hoover can possibly be ex- pected to control Protestant hysteria in the United States. * K K K What is then chiefly noted here is that the religious question proceeds to merge into the question of prohibition and into questions of race with an auto- matic momentum which again no indi- vidual can prevent. Smith is not in the slightest degree responsible for the fact that the pro- portion of prohibitionists is much smaller among Catholics than among Protestants. Catholics are not given to the inventing of new moralities. There is nothing about prohibition in the ancient tenets of the original Christian Church. There is plenty about divorce, and against it. If divorce were an issue in this campaign the Catholics would be virtually unanimously on what would be called the “moral” side. Prohibition being the issue, they are mostly on what is regarded by the gen- eral run of extreme Protestants as the “immoral” side. This further confirms the extreme Protestants, in their multi- tudinous publications, in regarding Catholicism as a “wicked” thing, and it also confirms them in their belief that “Catholics are going to vote for Smith because he is a Catholic.” The truth is that large numbers of Catholics are going to vote for Smith, not at all because he is a Catholic but becuse he is t,” and that when Catholics are “dry” they tend frequently to br against Smith. There is the case, for instance, of Father P. J. O'Cal- laghan, president of the Catholic Total Abstinence Union of America, which, along with the Catholic Clergy Prohi- bition League, constitutes the Catholic contribution to the long list of anti- liquor organizations in the Anti-Saloon League Year Book. Father O'Callaghan, in harmony with many other Catholic “drys,” is for Hoover. Again, our “foreign-born” voters are largely “wet,” and they will in great masses vote for Smith for that reason. They are thereupon charged with vot- ing for him because they are “foreign- born,” just as “wet” " Catholics are charged with voting for him because they are Catholics. This sort of thing results in seem- ing to set off our “native Protestant stock” against our “foreign-born Cath- olic stock.” Prohibition has accen- tuated the religious question and has also expanded it into a race question. * E Kok The last touch to this dismal devel- opment is furnished by the political situation of the negroes. Thinking themselves slighted and even aban- doned by the Republican party, they have turned by scores of thousands (and under notable leadership) toward the Democratic party. Just this week in Washington the local president of the National Association for the Ad- vancement of Colored People has dec‘l:;:d‘:‘ “Abandoned by the Republica whom we have loved and !rugted nx?g kept in power, where they have made their billions, what other course is open to thinking black men than to 80 to our former foe, the Democrats, and sue for peace?” £ Throughout the North, and even in some parts of the South, the Demo- crats are actively granting that “peace.” It means simply that for the first time since the war between the States both parties are eagerly soliciting the col- ored vote in all “doubtful” States and cities; and the negro race question, like the alien race question, is thrown into the fire of contending hatreds. This campaign, as seen from the Federal city, is not so much a contest in politics as an unsealing of great underground rivers of social conflict Which from now forward must flow on the surface till they are evaporated by of frank scrutiny and of a common American patriotism. (Copyright, 1928.) — o | Efforts to Organize The Poultry Industry BY HARDEN COLFAX, Another billion-dollar industry is clamoring for greater recognition. A committee representing the National Poultry Council last week urged Bud- get Bureau officials to recommend more funds for research work by the De- partment of Agriculture in the solution of problems affecting poultry and eggs. The story of the egg cannot be told in a sentence expressing a consumer's preference between two-minute and four-minute boiling. Nor is the sole problem of poultry whether it shall be served “Southern fried” or Western stewed.” These are matters which, in the main, rest between the consumer’s palate and his stomach specialist. It is only in comparatively recent years that organization in handling poul- try products developed. For more than 10 years this branch of agriculture has been running sales in excess of a bil- lion dollars annually. The packers and dealers have organizations, and so have some of the producers, but it is only lately that there has been a movement to raise what heretofore has been a more or less hit-or-miss business to the rank of an industry. Uncle Sam has been giving some attention to poultry and eggs, but nothing compared to what he has devoted to certain grain crops, for instance, although wheat, oats, fruit, potatoes and a lonq list of other farm products rank well below poultry in value. * Kok Poultrymen now are prepared to prove their assertion that poultry is the only live food product whose increase has kept pace with the growth in popula- tion. Such studles as have been made by 23, o 1928—PART Capital Sidelights Tustrating the humanitarian, eco- nomic work which has just been un- dertaken in the vocational rehabilita- tion of disabled residents of the District of Columbia through Federal aid, Rep- resentative Summers, who fathered this legislation, tells the heart-interest story of a young man taught to shave without hands. It is taken from the records of the Federal bureau: “This man was in a poorhouse when the rehabilitation division contacted him. He had lost both hands between the wrist and elbow in trying to hop a freight train. The county commission- ers did not know what to do with him, 50 they put him in the poorhouse. The rehabilitation division talked to the man and found that, although illiterate, he was intelligent and was interested in raising chickens. “The authority was granted by the commissioners for the rehabilitation | division to take him out and train him. We equipped him with two Dorrance hooks. That is an apparatus with straps over the shoulders, and by mov- ing the shoulders the man performs the different operations. It is an uncanny arrangement. He was equipped with those, put on a poultry farm, and taught the poultry business by being on the Jjob. He was uneducated: he could not go to school. He learned it by actual employment and training on the job. When I saw him, some two years ago, he was in charge of a flock of 5,000 white leghorn hens at the State tuber- culosis sanatorium. He lived in a little bungalow on the grounds, and that morning he shaved himself with a safety razor and nsed his knife and fork at the table just about as well as I use them. He is making now $200 a year. The State of Montana is paying him $200 a year and giving him a home to live in, whereas before it was costing the State of Montana $40 a month to keep him in the poorhouse. He is now about 27 years old, so that at $40 a month for 30 years he probably would have cost them close to $15,000.” * kK K In response to an inquiry regarding Albert Gallatin, in whose memory a statue is to be erected under co-opera- tion of the Commission of Fine Arts at the west entrance to the Treasury, Rep- resentative Emanuel Cellar of New York supplies the following: Albert Gallatin was Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents Jefferson and Madison. Of course, Gallatin's fame does not bite into our history like Hamilton's. He did not meet an untimely death by fighting a duel with Burr. That duel has made Hamilton a sort of legendary character, ‘but Gallatin’s achievements are as worthy as Hamilton’s. He held the portfolio of the Treasury longer than any other man. He fashioned the financial policy of the young Govern- ment for 12 years, for the two terms of Jefferson and for the first term of Mad- ison and well into the second. It was his ingenuity and skill that prevented financial chaos during the War of 1812. He had been a member of Congress and later a United States Senator, and was among the first to advocate the aboli- tion of slavery. He also achieved greatness in the fleld of diplomacy, where he remained for 16 years, even during the adminis- tration of John Quincy Adams, to whom he was opposed politically. In the thirteenth year of his service in the cabinet as Secretary of the Treas- ury, Madison sent him to St. Petersburg to enlist the interest of the Czar in con- nection with peace with Great Britain. His mission ended with the treaty of Ghent. He became Minister to France and then Minister to Great Britain. He later became a successful banker and founded the National City Bank of New York. When he was 80 years of age he was again offered the office of Secre- tary of the Treasury. In 1830 he be- came one of the prime movers in the establishment of what was then known as the University of the City of New York, now New York University. A year later he became its first president. — the Department of Agriculture with limited funds and personnel have been valued highly. The “farmers’ bulle- tins” of the Bureau of Agricultural Economies relating to poultry and eggs have been distributed by millions of copies. The -Poultry Council is ask- ing that more funds be granted so that new studies of production and marketing problems may be made. Its representatives intend later to testify before the House appropriations com- mittee. Signs that the poultry industry was attaining the right to that designation, no longer to be considered merely a haphazard by-product of the barn- yard, have been multiplying with de- velopment of specialization in_chicken, duck and turkey farms; the realiza- tion by farmers that in eggs and poul- try—the sales value of each branch being in excess of $500,000,000 a year —there was a source of real revenue and consequent efforts to improve the breed of poultry, and forward steps in marketing. Away back in history, chickens were bred only for cock-fighting purposes. The lowly hen accompanied the first immigrants to land on these shores, but the last century was rather well of pouitry products gained recognition and they began to be handled as a business. It was after the Civil War that the first incubator was invented. Since that time, great advances have been made in assisting nature There are huge incubators; the baby chick business is thriving; eggs and poultry both are being graded so that the pro- ducers can get the benefit of price differentials, although much remains to be done in this line; refrigeration has been an outstanding boom to pro- ducers and consumers alike. * K K ok Wise producers are learning to de- ceive the hen so as to induce greater laying of eggs, and production in_cold weather so that the Spring and Sum- mer glut of fresh-laid eggs will not pull down the average price for the year so greatly, and at the same time the supply of strictly fresh products will be greater in the Winter. - When the daylight hours grow short, elec- tric light is used to fool the hens, and care is exercised to delay molting. ‘The poultry farm is increasing in number. Modern methods make it pos- sible for such a “farm” to be operated in any building in a city, but there is a limit to such development. Despite the poultry specialists, with their intensive methods, located near great consuming centers, the Middle West_remains the great source of sup- ply for poultry products. Iowa heads the list for both eggs and market poultry. The States near the great Eastern consuming centers form the second group. There is a large poultry development in California and the Northwest. The uth raises consid- erable poultry, but has not made it a major commercial business; as a mat- ter of fact, the Southern States ship less poultry to distant markets in pro- portion to their flocks than any other section, which indicates a heavier home consumption there than elsewhere. ‘The records show that flocks of chick- ens are increasing, although not as rafigly as prior to 1910, but that the raising of turkeys, ducks and geese is decreasing. Studies of the effects of price on de- mand have not been carried far—which is one of the things the Poultry Coun- cil would like to see done—but the price now is slightly higher than last year at this time. Egg storage figures are heavy now, and will decrease during the Winter; poultry is the reverse, because of seasonal marketing reasons. About 60 per cent of the egg production is shipped commercially and of this, 12 to 15 per cent goes into storage. (Copyright. 1928.) Bidibg B Conditions Alter From the Louisville Times. The average woman wants her hus- band to do her bidding everywhere “{i'“’ they qre attending an auction sale. THE PANAMA CANAL THRIVES BY FREDERIC J. HASK. Recently there has been established a memorial which parallels the work of the man it honors. Col. Willlam C. Gorgas by his monumental achieve- ment in ridding the Panama Canal Zone of fever and plague overcame one of the chief obstacles to the construc- tion of the waterway linking the At- lantic and Pacific. Moreover, in doin 5o he rendered service to his countr and to the world. The monument bear- ing his name is not alone of stone, but s a living dedication to his memory in its service for the United States and other nations. | Perhaps humanity should be named first in the beneficiaries of the work of Gorgas and of his memorial, for its suf- ferings are to be not only alleviated, but prevented. To this end the United States has made an annual appropria- tion of $50,000 toward the establishment and maintenance of a research labora- tory at Ancon. In the name of the man who made Panama a healthful place to live and work, a campaign is under way to cure and prevent tropical diseases. If in 24 years of American occupa- tion the Canal Zone can become a thriving country, the prophecies for its future may well be rosy. In less than a quarter of a century a successful sys- tem of sanitation has been introduced, the canal itself constructed, government established and commerce developed. ‘The Panama Canal fills a dual role, being an asset in the national defense and in commercial enterprise. It has been estimated that $113,000,000 of the total investment can be charged fo na- tional defense and that the remaining $275,000,000 invested there represents commercial capital. Not charging $8.- 250,000, which would be the amount of annual interest, the total earnings are nearly $92,250,000 in excess of the total expenses. The net revenue last year was almost 18,225,000, so it is possible that in the course of time past deficits can be wiped out. Because tolls paid by ships form the greatest sources of revenue it is inter- esting to note some of the superlative in traffic. Up until this Spring nearly 46,000 vessels had paid for the privi- lege of going through the canal, and an- other 4,000 had gone through free. All commercial traffic pays for the privilege of going through the canal. Govern- ment-owned ships of the United States, Panama, Colombia and those which are going through to Balboa for repairs are the only vessels which do not pay advanced before the great food value | 900 Crossing Records. ‘The year in which there was the largest commercial traffic was 1927, when there were more than 6,000 transits. December of that year was the month holding the record for num- ber of transits and amount of toll, 589, and almost $2,500,000, respectively. In one day of October, 1927, the same class of vessels going in both directions was 33. Back in 1924 the high point was reached when 57 Government and commercial vessels made the transit in one day. ‘The United States destroyer Law- rence was the Nurmi of ships, making the crossing in 4 hours 10 minutes. ‘The largest ship to go from Cristobal to Balboa is the U. S. S. Saratoga, an airplane carrier. It has a length of 888 feet and a beam of 107.9 feet. ‘That the Panama Canal has been an asset to the world as well as to the United States is demonstrated by the fact that in the last five years 28 countries have been represented by ships in the cross-canal journey. More than a quarter were vessels from Great Britain. It is not surprising that American ships numbered 3 little over half of the total. Intercoastal trade is a busy enterprise as shown by the fact that 42 per cent of the cargo was so bound. Some 8,000 miles have been neatly clipped off the journey from New York to San Francisco by use of the short- cut via the canal. This time and mile saver cuts nearly 6,000 miles off the trip from Liverpool to the Golden Gate. The Panama Railroad & Steamship excellent hotels and har facilities for loading, dis- nd interchanging cargoes all to the well-being of the minals charging contribute transients. It is said that what is worth while is worth fighting and struggling for The canal might well be a tion of this truism, for after of surmounting what the world deemed insurmountable it was completed for a world that forgot it in the upheaval of a war felt around the globe. The Panama Canal has justified its builders’ faith, triumphing over the discouragements of its construction days and the confusion of a_ conse- quent let-down of shipping at the time of the World War. It was built be- tween two wars and was the scene of a peace-time battle against earth and disease. The aggressive campaign was begun there after popular imagi- nation was stimulated to the apprecia- tion of the necessity of a short cut when the Oregon was forced to make & 15,000-mile irip to join the fleet at the time of the Spanish-American War. An Engineering Marvel. Digging through mountains, fighting slides of earth, combating disease which attacked the men, building a system of locks and subsidiary equipment that taxed the ingenuity of engineers, after 400 years the dream of Columbus and | Balboa for a westward passage to In- dia was realized. It was opened to the world in 1914, just at the time when nations became engrossed in the old kind of warfare, killing, and, conse- quently, did not receive the patronage naturally in order. In spite of the dropping off of trade during this period, the canal stands to- day as a paying proposition, which, in the course of years, will become even more profitable. Not only is it an asset financially, but as an example of gov- ernment management and scientific achievement it is a mark in the world. Including the military and naval forces, Americans and all others, the population of the Canal Zone is about 36,600. For the inhabitants are pro- vided a school system equal to the best in the United States, hospitals. munici- pal engineering, automatic telephones, an agricultural experiment station and all the other adjuncts of modern living. Ten clubhouses are maintained by the Government for its employes. Travelers also are invited to enjoy their privi- leges. As combination community cen- ters and places of amusement, cultural and frivolous recreation are at the dis- posal of both residents and visitors. Engineers come from the four cor- ners of the earth to study the me- chanics of the great locks and their equipment, and to learn the way that earth was biought under subjugation to man. Economists and students of government investigate .the organiza- tion of a group of citles and villages which after 24 years are outstanding examples of community life, public health and the American standard of living. Private companies engaged in tropical lands, Latin Americans and European nations with tropical pos- sessions profit by the experiments of the Yankee engineers, medics and lawmakers. It is thought by those who have gone into the matter carefully that the Panama Canal and the Zone function so efficiently because they are an in- dependent establishment under the President, who is represented by the Secretary of War. Their finances are not subject to a fiscal limitation, money received from business operations can be used over and over as a revolving fund, and this marvel of engineering always has a governor who is an engineer. Fifty Years Ago In The Star Fifty years ago a writer on the Bur- lington, Iowa, ‘“Hawkeye” furnished Humor From much amuse- ment, not the “Hawkeye.” only to his own newspaper but to many thousands of others through- out the country in which his aphor- isms and quaint comments on affairs were reproduced. In The Star of Sep- tember 16, 1878, is the following assort- ment of these “Hawk Eye Hits” from the pen of Robert J. Burdette: “It is feared that the Washington Monument will hardly be out of the way of an early frost.” ““A boy on West Hill started to school on the opening day of the term and before he was five blocks from home he had lamed a dog, lost his geography, scared a horse, broke his slate and had three fights. Things are looking up.” “The rapacity—the shameless rapac- ity—of some people is disgusting. Here is a man in Helena, Mont., worth $230,- who recently died and left every dollar of his wealth to his wife and children. And seven lawyers in the town, too!” “A man may sneer at a woman all he will because she can't sharpen a lead pencil, but she has the smile on him when he stands holding an unoccupied suspender button in his hand and won- dering whether it will hurt less to pull the needle out of his thumb the same way it went in or push it on through.” * * % Rogues galleries were not much in vogue half a century ago, but t:m{: Wli : some movement toware Portraits of u:et ’;xchlnu d(;r m'&; imi mation regarding Criminals. rsonality of famous criminals. In The Star of September 17, 1878, is this item: “Germany has presented to England and Russia albums containing the por- traits of all her criminals of note, that they may be recognized in a (orelgnI land in case they abruptly change their residence. Similar volumes will be pre- sented to all the governments of Europe and to the United States and copies will also be furnished to large cities | and seaports. The nations to whom | such volumes are sent will no doubt return the compliment. By such an; interchange of albums between the po- lice authorities of the different govern- ments of the world information will be given which may come into practical use and the material for a curious li- brary will be produced.” * * % Perhaps it is fortunate for the po- litical aspirants of later times that the | following suggestion Phrenology printed in The Star itiog Of September 18, and Polities. 1878, was never adopted: “A phrenologist, while lecturing in New_York recently, showed charts of the heads of two prominent men and deduced a description of their charac- ters therefrom. Gen. Butler’s head is brainy and cunning, characterized by self-esteem and acquisitiveness. Kear- ny has only an inch and a quarter of moral brain snd gonceit and tyranny predominate. Without fully indorsing these opinions of the phrenologist, we | mention the matter as a suggestiog of | what phrenology may become as an | element in politics. When all the world | is led to believe in the so-called science, charts, embellished with representations of the heads of candidatds, divided off | into States and counties and appropri- ately labeled, will be indispensable as campaign documents, to prove the fit- ness of applicants for the positions sought. ut it is feared that fraud ! would taint even this method of de- termining the relative qualifications of candidates. Phrenological charts would This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. ‘The slander against cats continues merrily. There is no animal in the world spoken against so much as this one, and probably none that so little deserves it. If it were for nothing more than its fidelity to the home, the domestic cat would rate all the encomiums which mankind could heap upen it. Yet despite its plain merit, the cat comes in perpetually for adverse propa- ganda, ranging all the way from the old story about it “sucking the baby's breath” to a brand-new one. We had it on the authority of a very charming lady recently that “cats cause cancer.” Well, that is a new one! “They said the same thing about to- matoes, too,” we repiied. * K ok ok ‘Those who don't like cats can think up more evil things against them to the square minute than their friends can do for them by telling the truth. Cats are supposed to cause diphtheria and a lot of things, among them asthma. Most people know that in making tes for asthma a solution of cat hair is i cluded in the injections. What many do not know is that these tests include one for dog hair as well. There are many interesting supersti- tions about cats, relics from the days when this animal was popularly sociated with witches. The “witch” is now known by every one to have been a figment of the human imagination; we are convinced that the day will come when the idle tales about cats will be relegated to the scrap bag of antiquity. Cats lived with “witches,” not because the latter was associated with the devil, but simply and solely because these mis- Jjudged and ill-treated old women were good to them. A cat is faithful. If you give him a good home, he will stick to it. A dog will go anywhere, and be perfectly content, but a cat remem- l,:?l"st its old home, and longs to return This creature of habit is faithful to his memories. The familiar walks, the doors he went in and out, the windows from which he looked at the passing world, these stick in his memory. He does not easily forget. * ok oK ¥ In the face of adverse advertisements, however, the cat seems to be gaining an_ever-increasing number of friends. In the September number of the Ladies’ Home Journal will be found one of the best cat stories ever written. It is called “The Farsighted Cat” and deals with a cat which fails in the pro- | verbial duty of catching mice because of i bad eyesight. Faliing into the hands of an eye spe- cialist, the cat is fitted with glasses, and soon becomes a champion mouser. The way this story is told, and the ex- ceptionally good illustrations, make it & delight to every cat friend. As a mat- ter of fact, friends and enemies allke ought to enjoy this story, since a good story is a good story. Capt K. C. McIntosn, U. 8. N., In the October number of ine North Amer- ican Review, has an article entitled, Sing of Cats!” Coming from a two- fisted fighting man, this ought to bear weight with those who profess to re- gard cats as distinctly feminine, “Consider the foundations of the dog's reputation,” says Capt. McIntosh. in our country’s oldest magazine. “What has he done 1o deserve his title of ‘first friend’? I love dogs, and they seem to censider me a desirable acquaint- ance; but I maintain that the dog's friendship has never been without its touch of servile inferiority. * * * Bu: the cat is different.” r——— Must Know His Groc From the Dallas Journal. That Ohio chap who consumed more ries. soon become as unreliable as illus- trated-newspaper portraits of distin- hed men.” than 15 pounds of sauerkraut in the championship contest certainly knows his cabbage.