Evening Star Newspaper, February 26, 1928, Page 27

NARCOTIC EVIL GROWING, PRISON FIGURES SHOW Representative Port Federal “Cure” ‘ Question BY JOSEPH A. FOX. NTRODUCTION of a bill in the House during the past weck by Representative Porter. Republican, of Pennsylvania for establishment | of two model Federal penal institu- tions to treat narcotic addicts has served again to bring up for considera- tion one of the gravest problems with which the Government is forced to deal in the never-ending battle with those who break its laws. Steadily gaming in numbers from year to vear, the ranks of those who have traced their path to prison over | drug route have reached such pro- poriions that they now outnumber all other Federal odenders, and there is nothing to indicate that the peak is in sight er’s Bill to Establish * Farms Brings to Fore. | narcotic hospital with accommodations for 1,500 to 2.000 prisoners be cstab- lished in the East: that McNeil Island ! be fitted up for a hospital in the Pacific Coast section. and that another Fed- eral prison be built out in that re: | gion. but i a more central location. ! McNeil Island hardly s suitable for a penitentiary, he said. explaining that 2 Government occupies only jacres of a 4.400-acre iract which is otherwise filled up with home owners and Summer cottages. and offers un- { limited opportunities to convicts to get away. At the same time. he added. the | investment there is too great to be dis- | regarded. ' He said that the hospitalization plan offers what he believes the best | solution for the overcrowding of the for as bad as the situation 489 | Ocdly enough. only a very minor per- Prisons. centage of these are serving sentences for selling narcot Instead. it's the users who are paying the penalty. and to what extent is best shown by figures recently furnished a House subcommit- tes on appropriations considering th: Department of Ju: the fiszal year 1929. Prison Population Increases. Appearing at the hearing, Capt. A. H. Connor. superintendent of prisons. said that on June 30 last there were 9.448 Federal prisoners serving more than a year and & day. as compared to 4.482 oy June 30, 1918. and that the short- tetmers last June totaled 9.340, as com- pared to approximately 4.445 in June, 1918, & total increase in each case of approximately 110 per cent. He ex- plained that this increase was about on an even keel of 10 per cent yearly. In the same period. however, the marcotic cases had jumped from 299 in 1918 to 2.116 last June, for an increase ©of about 700 per cent. Next in order at the close of the last fiscal year stood prohibition violators —2040, and then there was a sharp drop to 780 convicted under the Dyer auto theft law. From there. the causes for incarceration tailed out through the category of Federal statutes. Additional light 1s thrown on the dope situation by a study of the prison population at the three Federal peni- tentiaries—Leavenworth. Atlanta and McNeil Island. Wash.. where the con- gestion for the past several years has been a constant source of worry to those officials upon whom their opera- tion devolves. Cells Are Overcrowded. With a cell capacity of 3.778. these institutitons which draw virtually all of the offenders serving more than a year and a day, are housing about twice as many men as can comfortabiy be ac- commodated. Emergency dormitories have been fitted out where possible to take care of the overflow. and in the face of this. about one-third of the population are there by reason of the narcotic law. Turninz to the new Federal Indus- trial Institution for Women at Alder- son, W. Va.. which is now getting into full swing. the dope problem is even more in evidence, proportionally. There. ® recent chart showed 105 prisoners committed and four paroled. and in the remaining population of 101, the drug law commitments totaled 72. with th> next ranking offense being breaches of the postal laws which brought nine. Of the four paroled prisoners. two had been sent up under the drug la making this tesponsible for about 75 per cent of the trouble which landed the women in the institution. That this occasioned no surprise to officials. however. was evidenced when, a couple of years ago. Mrs. Mable Walker Willebrandt. Assistant Attorney General in charge of prisons. appeared 8t House hearings on approrriations for the Aiderson “prison without walls” #nd urged strongly that adequate medi- cal facilities be provided there for dope cases. ; Others Concur In View. Porecasting accurately the situation as it has developed, Mrs. Willebrandt explained that skilled mredical atten- tion and healthful activitics would go far toward reclaiming for society the victims of narcotics.; The same viewpoint has been taken by others who have bzen identified with prison work. and it is in furtherance ef this idea that Mr. Porter. long a wvigorous crusader against the drug traffic, has introduced his bill, which, ' tncidentally. is in line with recommen- Cations made by Superintendent of Prisons Conner before the subcommit- tee on appropriations. Of similar tnor 15 & joint resolution sponsored by Rep- resentative Cochran. Democrat, of Missourt. In the course of his discussion of prison affairs. Capt. Conner tld the subcommittee it was his idea that a ice requirements for | s | nomic loss of a billion dollars yearly in admittedly is at present, Connor ampli- | fied. the 1929 estimates were drawn up | with an eye to further increase in population Comprehensive Plan Presented. res gone into the whole | plan is presented -3 narcotic problem 1n ts various 1umitications. ‘The Pennsylvanian proposes. that two “United States Narcotic Farms” be | established. and that these not only be! open to Federal | { oners. but that | States also have the privilege of placing addicts there. and. as a unique feature, that any addict. not a prisoner, secking a cure be admitted on abplication, provided facilities are available. The Federal Government. however, - would not be forced to bear the costs |of treating the two laiter classes, the | States themselves or addicts standing the expense. i In offering treatment for Siate prisoners. it is not unlikely that a large | class also would be reached, for it |seems to be an established fact that! | drug-using looms larze in all kinds of | eriminality. whether it is picking pock- cis or robbing trains, and that lhcl | addicts who happen to get caught and sent to Federal prison under the terms | of the Harrison act are only a portion | of those whose taste for drugs causes| them to become lawbreakers of one kind or another. H ‘These “farms” would provide skilled treatment for the addicts, healthful | recreational facilities, and in addition | I would be equipped to produce supplies | for Government use. thus furnishing oc- | cupation for the inmates from which | they or their dependents would derive | income. Safeguards would be thrown around the commitment of any prisoner ; that these institutions might not be- come havens for desperadoes, incorrigi- bles or others whose presence would | militate against the welfare of the/ | “farms” and no discharge or parole would be permitted until there was evi- dence a cure had been cffected. This ! | rigid discharge rule would not only ap- | ply to prisoners but also to those pa- tients who had entered voluntarily. | States Would Be Encouraged. | Narcotic research work also would be carried out in the institutions which | are to be manned with Public Health | Service personnel and the results made available for us> of the States which would be encouraged to establish their own centers to combat an evil describ- | ed by Mr. Porter as causing an eco- | | this country. Selection of the sites for the “farms” | would be left to the Attorney General | | and the Secretzries of the Treasury and | | War, and the fi amed officer would pe a special division | being created in the office of the su- perintendent of prisons for this purpos>. In a statement accompanying the bill. | Mr. Porter declares that drug addiction is a disease and that a prison is no place to treat a disezsed person. He re- | calls that his proposal is in line with ,a resolution he sponsored at the Inter- parliamentary Union in Paris last Av Zust and that it meets views expressed by President Coolidge. It is the Penn- sylvanian's idea that such establish- ! ments are vitally needed. carcful and | scientific treatment in a soecialized in- | stitution for a considerable period of | | time, even to four vears, being viewed as | | the prime requisite for treating addicts. | He also asserts that crime would be | { reduced by the operation of the “farms,” adding that the nearly 50 per cent of the men who leave prisons, return to their old ways to procure money to| | filth installment on.” 10 1 Dr. Durant the ‘Medieval Church. CHARLEMAGNE AND THE MEDIEVAL STATE. Prelude. ISTORY has been a cycle nrl civilization and rebarbariza- | tion. Very much as certain| protozoa, which normally re- | produce themselves by division. ome after some generations to the {limit of their inner vitality, and re-| lquire a “rejuvenating _conjugation” | | with others of their kind before they | can continue their race, so nations| seem to come in time to the cxhaus- | tion of their physiological resources, | and are rejuvenated only by the advent | and admixture of younger and more | primitive stocks. Every civilization in | the past has developed from savagery | to luxury; the multiplication of arts, and artifices has weakened the fiber of the race and destroyed those quali- | ties of character which are vices in| peace and virtues in war. The develop- | ment of wealth causes division within and envy without: vigorous barbarians, | encompassing the weakened state, are tempted by its helplessness and its | spotls; they invade it, conquer it. and | reduce it almost to a primitive condi- | tion again. But they in turn, if they | produce a civilization, lose the arts of | war in the pursuit of art: and once | i | The Story of Civilization BY WILL DURANT, Ph. D., Author of “The Story of Philosophy.” of Africa, the Angles and the Saxons | driving the Celts of Britain into Scot- land and Ireland and Wales, the Danes advancing Into Sweden and Norway and England; the Northmen passing from Scandinavia into Russia, Iceland, Greenland, Labrador and “Vinland,” capturing Normandy from France and at last taking England from Harold |the Saxon at the battle of Hastings; |above all, the Franks, coming from | Belglum as early as 486 into France,| | glving the country their German name ! and establishing Clovis, their King, as| | the first of many Loulses (the two| | names are onec) to rule, or aspire to | rule, the most civilized of modern { states from that far century to ours. | (The ruling class in France was Ger- man until 1792, and the Great Revo- lution was an ethnic as well as a so- cial revolt.) Clovis died at Paris in 511, a good Christian and a tired mur- derer; he left a vast empire that soon stretched from the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel to Vienna and i the Alps. It was this kingdom which, | after two centuries of vicissitudes and chaos, was united and strengthened by | Charlemagne into the first ordered so- U. S. PROSPERITY CALLED “MYTH” TO BUSINESS MEN Many Merchants De Reports Showing Throughou ! BY NORMAN ANGELL. A Europcan put to me the question not long since, “Is not America rich?” which I answered by another, “Is ‘America’ rich?” which seemed to surprise him. Yet one can find in this golden land very many who attack | bitterly what they term the myth of American prosperity. Thelr voice is not heard in the newspapers much, though some of the more independent organs are beginning to give them hospitality: it 15 not heard much in public at all, for the sin against the Holy Ghost in America is to be a “knocker,” to be | lukewarm jn the universal boosting. | But in private or semi-private one hears the doubters often enough. “Don’t quote me as saying it, but the truth is | business is extremely bad,” is the kind | clared Skeptical off Economic Gains t Country. The object of this highly organizad salesmanship s to see that every avalls able dollar and, indeed, the doliar that 13 not at present available, goes to the expansion of trade by the purchase of something or other, whether it is wani- ed on unwanted. If the want is not there, it must be created. With this result, broadly: That American bread winner has no soone: attained an income of. say, $4,000 B year than he all but invariably finds he is living on the scale of $5,000. By herofc efiorts he expands his income to $5,000 only to find immediately tha he is living on the scale of six. Somebody in the world of salesman- ship would be failing grossly—and get ing fired—if the increase were n thus immediately absorbed. John of remark that frank questions about | comes home from school crying be- cause the neighbor's child has laughed Charlemagne in the company of learned men. the state of the country are likely to | | elicit almost anywhere, any day. | Working Conditions. Consider for a moment a few of the but when he had made him-| “flies in this amber” that are too ob- sclf master of half a continent the!vious to be ignored. Nobody pretends world did him the honor .as it has|that the farmers as a whole are too never done to any one else, of merging : rich, or indeed rich. Their widespread | clety of medieval Europe. | * ok k% At first he was called simply Kim;! Charles, |more the cycle of conquest and bar- | barism is renewed. Perhaps it will not always be so, but so it has always been. The Dark Ages were the rebarbari- ation of Europe. The Roman stock had been almost destroyed by disease nothing remained | jand birth control; lexcept to repopulate the empire with & race unspoiled in body and mind. But the price that Europe paid was half a thousand years of ignorance. From the year 529, when Justinian closed the ancient schools, until the beginning of the twelfth century, when Abelard and William of Champeaux laid the bases of the University of Paris, letters and art hibernated and dark- ness covered the continent. Only the church remained to enlighten and up- lift: and though she herself was bar- barous in a hundred w: and looked with hostility upon the greater part of Europe’s classic heritage, she pre- served at least the tradition of letter: and strove to create a literature an an art of her own. x * %= At last she succeeded, and the sec- ond period of the medicval era shows her triumphant in almost every field of cultural achievement. Beginning with Abelard, the Troubadours and the Crusades. in the twelfth century. she passed through the Catholic enlighten- ment of the thirteenth, “the greatest of centuries” (Mathew Arnold): in in- dustry. the guilds: in commerce, the Hanseatic League: in finance, the ap- pearance of currency and credit: in religion. St. Francis: in philosophy, St. Thomas; in science, Roger Bacon: in | painting. Giotto; in poetry, Dante; | architecture, the Gothic cathedr: | who knows but this was the peak of ‘hum.‘m history, in many respects, as | Dr. Walsh has claimed—the most mar- ! | velous and alluring cpoch in the ad- venture of mankind? That glory ended because printing | came in 1456 and undermined the in tellectual foundations of the church; | and because the Turks took Constanti- nople in 1453 and drove Greek scholars | to bring to Italy their memories and | manuscripts of an ancient and church- | less world; and because the growth of | | commerce” and cities and states de- | | stroyed the unity of Europe and led | ! to that Reformation which was in| essence the revolt of kings and em- perors against priests and popes. ‘This crescendo. this forte, and this decrescendo, constitute what are called the Middle Ages. It is a vague and. | hardly scientific term, indefinite at jeither end, and implyving that modern- |ty is the climax and completion of all time; perhaps “The Christian Age™ would be a better phrase. If we keep | the old term it will be because habit has given it an almost irreplaccable Lutility. To study this complex epoch | we shall violate chronology now and !then in order to achieve unity of topic and clearness of view. Let us put aside our prejudices while retaining our preferences: let us admit the possibility that an age of romance and art mav have been as intercsting to live in an age of science and industry. " says Chesterton, road, but drawing life from them. as in| from a root.” Let us examine the root and origins of our modern world. ok Charlemagne. Two elements make the Middle Ages: The barbarians and the church. On the one hand the development of Teu- tonic institutions and ideals in feudal- ism and chivalry, in town and guild and the nascent state; and on the other hand the fusion, adaptation and transmission of Roman civilization and Oriental faith in the organization and doctrines of the church. To under- | stand the church we must first under- stand the barbarians. They spread, as we have secn, from | every nook of Germany and the Baltic shores to every nation of Euro] to this day, in the white man’s invasion of America, Africa, Asia and Australia their conquest of ‘the globe goes on; the great migration is not yet com-, plete. One sces how history might be written in terms of the flow of hu- manity from place to place, and for a moment one sympathizes with the an- thropologist who interprets all the past in terms of race, of hereditary racial qualities of body and mind. What a stock they were. these sturdy children of the forest, these tall “blond beasts of prey.” and how easily they overcame peoples who were lax with luxury and peace! Sce the flood breaking all barriers and inundating every land: The East Goths establishing their power in Italy under Theodoric, the Lombards coming down later into “Lombardy.” the Van- dals spreading over the northern coast | the title of greatness (magnus) with | in: solvency is the problem which has be- his .name. History credits him with a stature of 6 feet 114 inches; medieval | legions. considering his inadequate, ! descriped him as 8 feet tall and spoke | of his’ sword, that could cut a horse- man and a horse in two at a stroke, and of hié appetite, which consumed a goose, two fowls. a quarter of mutton and sundry incidentals at a meal. One | of the great cycles of medieval romance circled round his name, and it was in his service, as he retreated from Spain. that the knightly Roland and Oliver of the chanson died. He became King of the Franks in 1771 and began at once a career of conquest as marvelous as Napoleon' His life was crowded with 53 campaign: he flew from land to land, so that hi almost miraculous ubiquity gave a handle to the legends of his supernat- ural power. He was gifted with iron en- durance of body. unity and persistency of purpose, simplicity and clarity and vet range of mind: and wherever he went he did not merely conquer, he built. After annexing Saxony and converting it to Christianity by the ir- vesistible persuasion of his better sol- dierr he passed down into Italy, con- quered the Lombards. forced the King to bacom= a monk. and took over his throne. to Rome, he compleisd the journey and had himself crowned by the Pope, in the year 800. as Emperor of the re- stored ‘and Holy Roman Empire of the | West. Voltaire was to point out that it was neither holy, nor Roman. nor an em "7 (Continued on Eighth Pagz.) The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days | ended February 25: Great Britain.—Magnificent prepara- tions are being made by the British government for the entertainment in London of King Amanullah of Afghan- istan, his Queen and his suite of 25. It is estimated that the total cost of the business will be upward of £10.000. The royal visitors' suite in Buckingham Palace is being redecorated and re- furnished to suit the ascertained tastes of His Majesty. The 60 footmen of ihe palace have been provided with new | scarlet liverics. The floral decorations will be sumptuous beyond precedent. | The most superb giants of the life guards will be in attendance, etc., etc. On February 19, on the Daytona pendents and the four Business mem- bers: h equal confidence the Minseito leaders count on support from the eight Labor and the three Kakushin members and one Independent. If these cxpecta- tions are justified, the Seiyukai govern- ment requires to win over three more Independents (nine understood to be wavering) to have a majority of one: the opposition needs to win eight Inde- pendents for a like majority in its favor. Both the Seivukal and Minscito parties gained at the expense of the small groups. the Seiyukai being. I under- stand, the greater gainer. The total of votes cast for Minseito candidates, how- ever, somewhat exceeded the total for Seivukai candidates. The situation is most interesting and curious. * x | United States.—Th~ fundamentalists are elated. It will b recalled how a | * with devastating constructive logic” Mr. Hughes discredited the tra- ducers, reassured the doubters, ex- pounded and vindicated our_policy. Gratitude is due to Dr. Pueyrredon. clousn head of the Argentine delegation. and | Dr. Guerrero. head of the delegation from Salvador, for giving concreteness to what, in default of a better term, we may call the opposition to us. for giving definiteness and saliency to the Pueyrredon was the chief ex- ponent of the ecoriomic jealousy and uspicton, Dr. Guerrero of the political Jealousy and suspicion. ican and Caribbean republics was suffi- ciently obvious. For it Dr. Guerrer fourd considerable but far from ade- quate support. Dr. Maurtua of Peru, the reporter of the committee Mr. Hughes with patient iteration opposed a principle and a fact—the principle. namely, that in a prover determination of the questior. of intervention the duties of states must rights; the fact. namely. that ena w ment of international law was outside | the proper sphere of the conference. | which might properly o codify uni- versally accepted international practice. Then, being already half way & 70 | tion, which maks Very ably sxconded by | given egual consideration with the | {come the permanent ghost at the American political banquets. Yet the | farmers still represent one-third of the country—a very considerable qualifica- | tion, therefore. to the alleged over- | richness. And on the industrial side large sections of the greatest industries —notably toxtiles and coal—are in a| condition of crisis. Unemployment is bad; certainly well over 1,009,000 men are ‘without work. The small or mod- | crate sized manufacturer, as distinct | from the big trustified concern. is in | very many cases having an extremely | hard time of it. We hear very little of all this in the ! press, but no one who cares to take the imub‘n to get beneath the surface of things can doubt its reality for a mo- | ment;, and informed Americans in their !frank and private moments do not i think of denying it. | Yet it remains true that very great sections of urban America—and one should always distinguish between urban and rural America, which have | different and distinct standards of life --are very much richer than they have aver been before—richer than any large masses of folk have ever been before. No such standards of life, made com- multitudes. have been wn. What are those | n the final balance is thi wealth a blessing or a curse? Are thes ! people ™ If one had to OF no™ answer. so beloved of “the pl man.” is the falsest and most mislead- ing it is possible to give—one would ' | have to answer no. If certain evils are |arising as the result of these riches. it is not because the possessors are too rich. but because they are too foolish to use wealth well. People who make an il use of wealth would be just as likely, taken in the mass. to make a w use of poverty. Poverty—insut- | fictent food. which makes us greedy. the ndernour:shment of children. their | undereducation. the drive of overwork. | the haunting fe: of old-age destitu us cowardly. and a erent and inseparal poverty—is an evil in h is not an evil in itself. < inherentiv good in itself however. be d | | | which | through _ def human will dy is not to go inseparable to our Press Records Evils. lic American newspapers tend ‘o American poverty, they tend to ' Dr. Pusyrredon selected our tariff as| Mr. Hughes and Dr. Maurtua urged fVe an utterly disproportionats place 1 th~ most obvious objective for his at- tack. He was allowed to defeat him- self {upon the committee embodiment in the proposed treaty, in the stead of Dr. He haa gone on record as m- | Guerrero's principle, of the six prin- | Wea | vincibly opposed to vesting the union | ciples to govern intervention propound- | Carele: with political powers. Mr. Hughes had ed by the American Institute of Inter- |t have only to point out (with sly reference to | national at its Philadelphia meeting | of bootleggery. Chile’s export tax on nitrates, Mexico’s [ in 1916, the which principles recog- Mail. graft— . In part at least. may ed to the new-found ed powver which this flinging about of money scems ven to the whole underworld murder. theft, bla he open challenge some- Beach, Fla. course, that redoubtable |tooth turned up a few years ago in| Briton, Capt. Malcolm Campbell, in a | Nebraska was assigned by s dis- | Campbell Napier Bluebird car, estab- | tinguished anthropologists, including G. | lished a new world automobile snced |Elliot Smith. tke Briton, and Prof. Wil- | record of 207 miles per hour. beating llam K. Gregory of the American | | the record of 203.8 miles per hour made | Museum of Natural History to a_ higher | last March over the <ame course by |anthropold ape. or a subhuman, bis fellow Briton. Maj. H. O. D. Se- |doubtful which. denominated by Presi- zrave, in a Sunbeam. {dent_Osborn of the American Museum on oil, Brazil's on coffee) what was at | nize rights and duties of states in re- | {Imos made by crime to law, the ter- once recognized by all except Dr.|spect of intervention as correlative, | forization sometimes of the court by Pucyrredon—that “the tariff is essen-| 1In the end the committee recom-|the criminal the alliance sometimes of tially a political question.” That the | mended postponement to the next con- Crime and politics—all this looks, at a determination of import and export|ference of further discussion of the distance and as interpreted by dutles is of the essence of sovereignty. | delicate question of “intervention.” The AMeTican press itself. Dr. Pueyrredon's proposal that the | debate thereon had largely absorbed the Quantitativ treaty being Iramed for reconstitution energies of the committee. However, |1t hardiy o of the union vest the union with the | the committee made an appreciable be- | Mf °s & ripple on the nor ho go about gratify their cravirz for drugs | The lmil('x:uon should not B¢ expen- | Germany. sive, in Mr. Porter's opinion bt he em- | ooment in’ Germany is highly fantastic Phieian Samicrer T sous 1 would Ue | Aetadlly (e governsient coalition 15 | o8l economy if it were pos hopelessly disrupted over the bill pro- | v;\aun l,?oog;}lg%u.s ‘[?\2““ posing restoration of clerical control hE“;QA o ‘ar‘ui’ Zn\l v'» over the schools. the Protestant Na- | nnxe\ drx cting tionalist and Roman Catholic Centrists | nder. favoring the bill, and the People’s party, | * 5 % | The latest political devel- ible to re- quoting a of appre- a single Navy Proves Fit and Ready to Answer Distress Calls, S-4 In iContinued from Pirst Page) minutes after word was received at New London of the accident, the sub- marine szlvage vessel Falcon cast off her lines and her wheel started churn- ing her toward the spot where the fll- fated ship went down. In command of her was Lieut. Henry Hartley, with 21 vears' naval experience and who had been connected with submarines since He had fitted himsel{ for the hip by the study of s of submarine sink- and had familiarized apparatus and their Attings ana salvage. He a4 com- manded quring the period of nine connection rawing of the 8-51. e 7 and 817 o'clock on De- the tug: Mallard and lark royer Blurtevant od ' from the Bory y Yard load- €4 with 4 diving equipment and underwaler cutting torches, gathered from the navy yard and from the bat- tieships Utah and Fiorida, then in port AL T 30 G'clock the submarine wnder ushnell swamed away from the Ports- mouth, N H. Navy Yard b her come- e equpment and with Comdr nders, submarine oonstruction offi- cer of the yard. Comdr Strother, the 1215 submarine division commander, 10 ofi the B-4 belonged. the engineer wr who had charge of the wgcther with divers and ment avallable at the yard rom vessels tled up Lubnerine 5-8, sister ship of the 8. WHICh Lahi been on e scene bt lett betore the wecident. was headed back by redio s 11°35 p In tie meantime the Cobst Guard de- ¢ £ Conynyhiamnm snd Walnrighit het err! a' e soene When 1he Feloon errvived st te ne L 755 8 o5 Decemizr 1831 tound there the fol- Towing vessels w Lad ehorter Tuns Lerk, 1 irtevant, Mallsrd Wandenx the two Copst Gusrd well us two Comst Gusrd patrol tuits Mandicapped by Deep Water, When the lark snd Bushnell sr- rived on the scene, iU was found that the depth of water 102 fee), was W) great W permit of the use of mrdinsey pervice diving equipment biought by Lhiome vessels with tne result that ne Beesue operations could be undenakes Lt e wirivel of the Feleon with the Crep vem GuVINY REBY Bt the vesesl: hiad which ariived Lsa not remsined AL 5 Decemiar 19 wiile bubbles snd SULL 1ising from (e submeiine vm o wae of anti-clerical tendency. opposing it | 1 But there is important work that should not be postponed—in especial, the pass- ing of the budget. So President Hin- denburg has intervened to avert an immediate smash-up, and the coalition | parties have agreed to drop discussion | of the school bill to clear the slate | rapidly of other business pressing for | conclusion and then to adjourn, the| Reichstag thereafter to be dissolved and general elections to be held in May, the present government to function until| after the elections, S0 much, at any rate, 1 plece together (a little doubt- fully, T confess) from the dispatches A leftward swing fn the elections is | generally forecast. evith the prospect of | a coalition of the People's, Centrist, Democratic and Soclalist parties. 1L s asserted that Dr. Stresemann expects id desires such an outcome: that h~ believes it would dispose France toward concessions to Germany, would promote development pursuant to Locarno. ] The Knigdom of the Serbs, Croats | and Slovenes.—In a recent survey I/ noted the resignation of the coalition Radical-Democrat cabinet headed by Yukitchivitch and the King's invit tion to M. Raditch, leader of the Croa | tian Peasant Party, to form a govern- Then followed the work of the ele- | ment. Detalls are lacking. but appar- ments, with a storm and rising | ently Raditeh fatled In his enterprise. L which set at zero for several days, the | AU any rate, Yukitehiviteh recelved an- grest display of preparedness evideneed | other mandate and has reconstructed by the moblization in but a few short | his old cabinet, with some slight hours of such an wiray of rescue ves- | changes. The new cabinet includes nine el Hadicals, three Democrats (party head- | ed by Davidovitch), one Slovene Cleri- | eal, one Moslem and one non-party {man u general at the head of the war office), IU's high tme for the kingdom | shake down quiry Record Shows to the surface, a Coast Guard surf-boat | “fized” the position by ranges on the | shore, and the tug Wan marker buoys clo At 8 pm. a C after continuous grannel in the sul; it but at 3 am th s¢], due to the chopp caused ths line to part. ‘This picket boat. together with other small boats from the vesse! there, dragged continuously, until Sun- day morning at 1045 when thie | same picket bo: ed the sub again ; 1 | hooked 4 | ie and rode to 2 The Falon, the scene. promptly man over the spot and the tugs Lark and Mallard passed | hawsers from them s the Falcon quarter 1o hold the $ position in the rising sea then took the grapnel ket bout, and used thi ing bine for the first d who went down then and for the first time it wis determined that the men vere alive in the torpedo room forward u descend- | Ether Drifts Denied By Swiss Scientists to e ws General elections were held i ex a v orad- “ether drift” which Japan. At bl el in Japan on February 20, the first under tcal modificution of the Eaustein theory, | (he suffrage acl Incrensing the electo 1s declared W be non-cxistent by two | rate from wbout 3000000 to shout 12,- Swiss sclentists Dy A Plecard and Dr | 000.000 (practically complete manhood . of the University of Fribourg, | 241rage) . 0711000 electors cast bal- | E Stahel of the University of Fribours. |y 500 L intaning showing. | Obssrve | an the result of expeiiments potormed L the Japanese voters must wiite in bt the summit of the Juzl a lofty peak [ the names of thelr candidates on the in the Alps baliots. You have there then u vivid p o s ., | demonstration of the extremely interests Lo B ettt e oo o Ot Ling and significant fact that Heracy 15 pothetical ether in which Dght wayves | $ost universal i Japan, Democracy Uravel was miade sboul & contury ugo | PIOBresses on the whole happily in by tws American physicis ‘A A | Jupan. It does not I Russie, where o Michelson snd Dr 8. G M ety | bandsome mujority are illiterate, It yesults, thowed w small positive effect, | 4065 1oL 10 Bpain, where upward of LUt were ot vegarded as conehi | per eent of the populution are iliters During the past few years Dr Dayton | 8t nor in Jaly, where the other day C Miller of the st of Anied | 8lwait 25 per cent of the married men Betence, Cleveland, hss been repeating | were ascertained (o be lliterate, Ver- [he experiment with Jmproved appa- | bum sap. Lratus st the st of Mowst Wilson, | The result of the elections Callf, which hus aboul the same alti- | House of Representatives) Cude ws the gl 1s results hve been | lows: Belyukal or government party, 221 definite and posiive but bave never- | seats, Minseio or opposition paity, 214 thelens been the subject of much con- | Independents. 16: Labor, B, Kakial Businese, 4 The Belyukal chiefs con- and Buropesn s tentidy fdently expect support from six Inde- (for the wan a5 fol- trovegsy on the of other Amierican 13 Hesperopithecus Haroldcookii, — after ! Harold Cook. discoverer of said tooth Now Prof. Gregorv finds that after all| | It Is the tooth of the ancestor of the pec- cary. It cannot be said that this demo- | litlon, 50 to speak. of Hesperopithecus | Haroldcookil serfously prejudices the | theory of evolution in the eves of the Jjudicious, but it does testify to the fact | that the science of anthropology is in | its infancy. ok Pan-America —The sixth Pan-Amer- | fcan _Congress ended on February 20. Its definite, obvious results were not remarkable: but what you might | call its atmospheric results were of the | highest, the most benign importance. | The conference was dominated by the | personality of Mr. Hughes: and never before in" his distinguished carcer did that Olymplan statesman zppear to greater advantage. It was a critical juncture in the relations between our country and Latin America: the lmlxr,\'; and intentions of our Government had been partly misunderstood. partly traduced. With tact, with humor, with | crystalline common sense, with gra-| pewer of regulating the tarifl relations among the participating states was de- feated, 20 to 1. Dr. Pueyrredon re signed, ostensibly to solemnize his atti- tude, but the Argentine government ap- pointed a new head of its delegation and instructed him to sign the treaty. Dr. Pueyrredon’s pertinacity gave M Hughes ample opportunity to enforce the distinction between the functions proper and those improper to the union. It is intimated that Dr. Pueyrredon's attitude was not aitogether disinter- ed: that with an eye to the Argen- tine presidency, he was playing to a home gallery. a formidable body of sentiment in Ar- gentine averse from us. and points to the desirability of tactful effort by us to allay it ‘There is no disposition to question the disinterestedness of the attitude of Dr. Guerrero. He was the grand cham- plon_of the proposal to write Into a codification of public international law on which a committee was at work the | stark unqualified principle that “no | state may intervene in the affairs of another.” The bearing of this proposal on our procedure re the Central Amer- Real Pleasures BY BRUCE 3TART every morning with an inexpensive pleasure which gives me the foei- ing of wealth, It consists in walking to the office Fifth avenue, looking in the windows and making a mental inventory of the things | don't want. The inventory million dollars. Some will acoff at this delight, as Emerson scoffed at the bar- tendors of Salem. Said he: “Last week | went to Salem. At the Lafayette Hotel, where 1 lodged, every 5 or 10 minut the barkeepers came into the sitting room to arrange their collars in the looking-gla And he adds tically: “So many joys has the kind God provided for wa dear creatures.” My sympathy is with thoss bartenders. They wrate no hooks, yet they were philoso- phers none the less. Al unwittingly, they had made the most important philosophic discovery—that the big celebra- tions of life, the occasions which must be planned for and dressed up for and purchased at a great price, are frequently, disappoint- ing, and that contentment lies in getting continuous satisfaction out of the commanplac Their joy in arranging their collars does not saathe my soul, but | have others. One of them is to wake up in the morning Consiem totals several BARTON, and find that it is too early to get up. Another is loitering in second-hand book stores. A third is dodging parti ing wickedly to myself, they are sitting there in hard- boiled shirts, here am | smoking and reading in bec.” Nero, who had all the pleas- ures which most of us covet, ad- vertised a reward for any man who would in He should have fasted for a day and discovered his appetite. Napoleon loved to fill a bath- tut, with warm water and he there for an hour, Montaigne found great delight in putting his feet on the mantelpiece and scratching hi being one of nature gratifications.” Are such joys the dignity of human life? | do not think so. Pessimism is based on the notion that the tragedies unworthy of tragedies are more because they come dramati- cally—a broken leg, the lo a friend, a bu 1 But against th dobits we should credit millions of joys which pass uncounted— tremendous joys, like 8 tub of warm water, and scratching, and looking in through the windows of shops and saying: a thing there that | [N 1f 50, this seems o argue | | ginning toward codification: it formu- lated some minor conventions, not with- out fmportance. More important. while the controversy made evident that the resentment Aagains{ our activities re Santo Domingo, Hait!, Nicaragua and Panama, is by no means negligible, it also proved that it is b no means a | majority Latin Americ, n sentiment and | it afforded to Mr. Hughes opportunities to asseverate our complete innocence jof imperialistic motive; opportunities so well improved that seemingly the many waverers were persuaded and | even inveterate counter-conviction was shaken. The position s to be that the principle of co-operative action to | bring to book a misbehaving sister is generally cherished: that, however, the Iack of a satisfactory mode of giving effect to the principle s gencrally | Tecognized, and that Mr. Hughes has induced general resignation to continu- ance of our role of policeman pending emergence of such a mode. In previous issues I have sufficiently | noticed the treaty providing for formal reconstitution of the unton unanimously | adopted by the full conference. It pro- | Poses no essential changes, but makes importantly for stabilization A committee of experls is to meet Within the ensumg twelve-month to | continue the work toward a treaty of Ucompulsory arbitration.” As Mr { Hughes pointed out. its main task will Abe to determine the non-arbitratable | subject—a nice task. | was completed and was accepted by the delegations of all the states pare telpating in the unlon except the United States. The considerable differ- ences among our federated States in make it impossible for us to accept such a code. There are many who consider the commercial aviation treaty the out- standing concrete accomplishment of the conference. 1 am inclined to think it was, Next to it in that category 1 | would put the agreements on co-opera- five sanitary measures. It is proposed to extend the sanitary work of Panama and Havana throughout Central and South America Appreciable advance was made the committee on problems of com- munteation toward promotion of the Prof of pan-American ratlway and highway systems Montevideo, Utuguay, was selected as the seat of the next Pan-Aweriean Congress, To recapitulate briesy results of the confere were, thoush considerable, not vemarkaple, but the atmospherte’ results were highty nota- ble and satisfactory. ‘Thanks chiefly to the efforts of My Hughes, many sad misapprehensions were disstoated, and the relations between the “Culossus of the North" and her sisters of the West- ern Hemisphere (some of them bidding faly o become colossal enough) have been placed on an unprecedently cordiat footing The unton promises to b henceforth more than hitherto “an or- [wan of felieitous and successful ool by The concrete A code of private international law | | vespect “of private international law | e deed. is one of An addad cent the stre in t car fected the ¥ convenience of would move the millions immeasura! more than the vilest corruption that t worst stortes of the new underworld could reveal It is not these spectacul the new wealth (f and in so they are resuits) —the performance of the bootiegger and the gunman—which affect the lives of the millions. How are the millians affected? What is the seamy side of the new golden | Influences the lives of Mr. | Babbitt? | One parsdoxical featu | prosperity is this® The bus and its big 1al re are ‘\l'lnp.'xl by a sy n which ts n becoming * stronge the wi and is in a ve | those wh | real sense 1§ its victims of th i freedem one factor of t | tem—-that vast, o tred salesma | which s ths most characteristic element ¢ whole t iand of whi allment Just one o st detatl at the inferior car that Johnny's father drives. It is the business of the most highly paid advertising experts and psychologists of the business world to see that fathers with last year's cars and mothers with last season’s hats are laughed at. Mr. and Mrs. Babbitt may resist for a time. but sooner of later, through some joint in the armor with which they may clothe themselves (and the Babbitts are the worst hands in the world at wearing that kind of armor), the system of scientific sales- manship will get them. Poverty From Wealth. The system has performed 5 great miracle: it has rendered even these magnificent wages incomes quite insufficient poverty of wealth. For the firs 3 that one asks of wealth, as the means of the good life, is ease of mind. curity, freedom from worry, and debt, liberation from s struggle. And this is exactly high-powered salesmanship ha: dered impossible. The job of man is 1o see that no man with mon: in hand has peace until he has parted with ot long since some econo: dertook an investigation of tae ins ment buying and reposted favorak upon it. had espanded the h market, enabled factories to sell th goods, which in turn had provided wages for further purchases, and so on s¥s financial sense. But one item was no entered in the balance & was the added strain. an n which the system of doubt, added American bread winner It would be a difficul bacause you cannot m is no thermometer which ake the 2nxiety temperature of the head of the family when he realizes that the pay- ments on a dozen new time purch in which somehow he has become ea- tangled, are all overdue. Y. position may well be depsndent upon extending that very system. He, may be a salesman dependent persuading fellow Americans_to more than they can aford. The tem cannot be refaxad because a whole range of industries vould be in Q street if it were. Each is depende d: thing in the world. Bua® the obiect of economics is to get rid of preoccupation. to render life so sure and plen not have to think a: and so be to life 1t And ica. at Amed and under panding and sclentifically consumption. it never ca With every one. almost. his means, the claims of TROTY be &0 And that prosuerous we are deo It would be tars to Aid Astronomers in Checking Distance From E: | : it . A definite check on the distance of he earth from the sun is betng made by Universtty of Californta astronomers through observations of stars that will [form & background for the planetoid {Eros when 1t makes it remarkably close | approach of 16200000 o the | earth in 1931 1o MMany of the ohservations already {have been compleied by Dr R H fTucker from the Lick Ohservatory on | Mount Hamudton The pasitions of curately determined olservations thus cording to Dy In the second serles of observations, of 402 stars About 2100 cheeks were made durtng the course of 77 nights of work during e Best observing season at Lick Ob- servatory 3 The positions of the fived stars, it i explained. appeariig i the same por- Uon ot the sky as will the planetod Ers durng the coming approach, ale though at an mAnttely greater distance Aaway, Wi aid mothe determination of the distance of Ene i the earth | both I terms of miles and W terms of A common astronomical unit, the mean | diameter of the ellipse which the earth | describes about the sun once each year ! My determining the exaet distance | of Eros i terms of both mittes and of | the unit of distance set by the earths arbit about the sun, 1t will be posaitile Al 0 compite U latter unit of diss | tance In miles mare acewrately than were seres ot compleied. ac- acs n far Taboration ™ CEERY A Note~Reluctantly 1 must postpone otice of the flare-up respecting Hune 'y (the fantastlo machine-gun at- falr), gand of the tension I the yela- tons ‘lueu Haly and Austria. ever hetore Eos' approach in 1931 astronomers | state, WHE bo 1 fest glase appavach See s discavery i 1aea \l oA SIANL body some 18t 20 miles W di- Ameter, ane of the host of sueh bodis KNOWR as the asteng® but departing from the path folio t l ~ut | baked tablets were carefl to indies 1he sequieiee from one 1 neat wth to Sun in 1931 Dead Language Study Dates Bacek to 1000 B.C. Ch went o sehy BC had to as the n Baked ¢l ity of the anct been devipherad by that etght language: them, ed ¢ b seholas a Y The oy dead and taught 1t to ¢ ey believed tha old language were pev W some of the tadk fext v followed by oah ng the same text transatd into ool Hittite Janguage and ot Babynan ALY eltecine he Sumerien and also A column pranounctng the WErAn wands -;'\‘l'\ he fanguage of diphamacy amotg he Babylutian was apiw iites veral thousand tadlets were Qovered A Palee and atemple Ax A reound aftoe By German are! BRI WM vears agn i early attemy At reading them were han o pered hocats Re diferent languages were not sorte Witters of g twoweds on th W the the and wually dovument the autha he o b B wiete his naRa Nis professin and pace of Teandeny A By st of (e woaer fashra S