Evening Star Newspaper, January 1, 1928, Page 51

- Byrd Visions More Than Millio JANUARY 1 1928 - PART THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. Darrow Scans Pages From History in Condemning Execution BY CLARENCE DARROW, - | sibilit tak ' ue « deatl ¥ Noted Lawyer and Authority o Crimmal . 4 3 5 N 4 5 | much ot d - Justice. i > > ever consent to co t 1ch T LR Attorney in Criminal Cases Believes That Capltal Punishment Does Not Have the Effect of Decreasmg Crlme—Burglar [ic "t . Befrn Ao people tenaciously ¢ling to the | . . et G s e ] Who Wishes to Escapc Imprlsonment Resorts to Klllmg at Times, With prospect of Even Greater Punishment et inflicting |\:<hn on |{!In:«~ llhr‘y‘ | Fomid bate. Of course, they would not ad- ; bt mit that this is the reason: the | congider this beyond their jurisdiction 1 life mesns lur .'«'I\‘l’n'.: m’-m::-:\.m {.\‘lnn!l‘ same time the proof is very plain. | However, with most punishments law fv-ur‘n‘ rest ‘“m_n In the act of bur-| SO All_early punishments were mainly | jmakers and executioners do the bes glury or f{vh w;\’. Smith is to keep |by outside ndictive, but then. primitive people they can even to accomplish this end If hang John § r:; 'h\\. 0 i 'h o e more honest than civilized ones| The people of today deny that they ';dln.l ‘I)t»npil lrn:lm n'v’v‘ll._'\” )n‘ ...'.’:u 121 bw the sawie so we not so anxious to hide their | punish_from vense . “The bSiasroaipilieds ERR{Iy It moat be U0 S04 et %6 tho motives. Civilized people think more | that they. have indignation e O commit erfme themselves . but their indi; i~ that John Smith is hanged Both in itive people used the death pen- indignation " onl; wor S hypocrisy alty for all sorts of eral practice offens righteou conf continued even until | Hatred Prefixing the word hin the I 0 “righteous es it in no way gliffer me some 21 ent. People punish those whon? they in i hate. No one can inflict pain or tor A petit larceny ture upon an individual without hat folks not only v ing him. o for most offe In the preparation for war, wher nations begin to mobilize, the first flaying, dismemberment, | unit in the field is the liar. The wing down from a high wall, cru- | called into this pleasant service to n. drowning, stoning, starving | make soldiers hate the enemy, so that so forth they will kill them. In punishment No matter what the method of kill every effort is made all down the eath was preceded by forture— | to magnify the ferocity of the act and rture of notifiving the o the mol 1 delinquency of the con of the exact time and way demned. so that the punishment will death, but physical torture, | De fixed in hatred and anger and cor these simple munds was | ried out in the same spirit. Thi e obvious than me. tor- | fully created emotion is called distinetions were made in | eous” indignation. ts. those offens . which very one now has given w he most hatred. like religions dofending capital punishment on any th Wise al crimes. were visited with penalties ¥ except that Killing one hanging or othe man keeps others At no time in the historr of the from committing a capital offense. N+ worll— ven now—were ‘he of- one whe considers this question fonses which are the most serious | lieves it, but still it is repeated over punished in the most bratal way. |and over again by those who either . From evey standpoint, except the not know or do not care. loss of life. murder is not ove of the | Are men kept from killing thei most serious offenses and not one fellows because they are afraid to kill which marks the culprit as b .ng the Every one who kills, excepting thos: most dangerous and ahandon.ad. A Who Kill in the heat of on, pre large portion of the trusties in prison Dares a way of escape. The killet are those who are confined mur. Never intends to be caught, and ofien der and are under life sente: This he is not. In the crimes of profound i hecause they can be relied on better ; feeling and passion consequences are than those who are in prison for |thrown to the wind and the certainty many other offenses. The terrible | of the punishment of death does not crimes of the world which have al- Prevent the act. wavs demanded the most horrible pen-| I people are really kept from pun alties are crimes like witcheraft, her- | iShment through fear, then the more esv. blaspheming, Sabbath breaking | terrible the punishment provided the and treason, real or constructive; in Ereater the fear. The old forms of other words, religious or political of- torture should be brought back. For fenses. | instance, boiling in oil, which was once Most persons are familiar with the |& favorite means of putting to death. case recorded in the Book of Numbers, | Should once more be established. The where the children of Israel. while | 0d rack. which tore victims limb from Journeying in the desert. found a man | limb. should again be called into ser ;zathering sticks on the Sabbath day. |ice. These measures would h: They brought him to Moses and |tendency to scatter fear all over the Aaren, whe were not fully satisfied |Place. The public has grown so sof what to do with a man who was so |that present methods no longe icked that he gathered sticks on the |terrify. They forget the injunetic Sabbath, so they put him in jail and | ©f Nietsche. “Be hard” Our effem sent for the Lord. The Lord told |Mate lawmakers even seck to mal them that he must surely be put to | - death by stoning. and so all the con. |Possible, and thus take away most « grezation took him outside the camp |the fear that is supposed to preven: and stoned him “antil he died.” Many | the Weak from committing crime. more persons have been put to death | * x % % e e et for | IF one should take the patns to ask few people believe in such an offense | a dozen men and women whick as witchcraft now. and only a small | they would prefer, life imprisonment ath, almost all of them would say umb ievy s number believe in capital punish. | or de: hat they preferred death. True. ment for heresy. Next to death the most popular pun- | 5 when the time came to die they might wish to live under almost any circum fshment in olden times was b:h~i ment. This sentence at an early date | really meant death. It meant death |stances. But, as a theoretical propo. at the hands of wild beasts or from |sition, without the imminente starvation or thirst. In some ways | death, most men these were more terrible than sudden |death to long imprisonment. death. Anyhow, the dissolution lasts longer than lightning. e of one who is about to kiil. & This can practically be proven. HE early Anglo-Saxons of England | Many persons make burglary a pre made their statutes clear as to|fession. The cause of this is not in the purpose of punishment. They | our province to discuss at this time, provided as follows for habitual crim- | but the fact is plain that their pr. inals: |fession is burglary. The last thing The bur- |glar takes every possible precaution hands he cut off, or his ‘eet, or | against killing. He uses all care in according as the Jeed may be, | turning the knob of the door. He it then he have wrought vet |takes off his shoes when he goes in- greater wrong, then let his eves be | side the house. He uses every precau- put out or hix nose and his ears and | tion not to awaken any one in the the upper 1ip be cut off: or let him be [room, but if perchance a sleeper i #calped . . . so that punishment be awakened and shows resistance, then inflicted ‘and also the soul be pre- | the burglar shoots and shoots to kill. death by the state painless it of The is certainly much less fear of death than of long imprisonment in the mind At the second time let there be no | they wish to do is to kill, other action if he be foul than that h served.” While he never wishes to destroy Those who believed in the most | he almost always carries a gun, th cruel vengeince were still worried | he may be prepared to prevent arrest. #bout the victim's soul. In the pro-| The burglar knows that if he is con. nouncement of the death penalty now |victed of burglary he will probably the judge adds: “May God have spend five years in the penitentiary mercy on your soul.” Probably this |If he s convicted of murder he will is true, because the judge does not know how to destroy the victim's soul r wise, or at least be imprisoned for life bimself and the lawmakers, as a rule, | and women prefer | | | r ‘|lka|_\' be killed by hanging or other- | re Tibe W) W ) BY COMDR. RICHARD E. BYRD. As Told to Marion Toad | F the men who have made a | #tudy of aviation 1 am ruted one of the most conservative; | | One airship with approximately 100 passengers and one airplane with per haps 15 will leave dally on scheduled time. (This will occur when fog has been conguered) Out in midocean . g v there will be some sort of wnchored | ot st e Dane, ) | 1anding platforms which will bring believe that in the next fiteen years | %€ty 1o ocean flyers, even when there will be on: airplane to every | forced down. For connected with veeisd g o | these landing fields there will be com Think what this means! In the last |MeTelal airplane carriers that will I Ton e Ja8t | ptand by in mer zone ready o 2 593 motor vehicles in the United | 89 10 the help of planes in trouble Biatenthat o one to every ave e | The expense of air passage 1 sons, Therefore ferring, perhaps, on | s down 50 per cent. Alre o8 it is less than twice ¥de of conmervatism and not ailow- - % S0 llo! oad fare ¢ fur the undoubled fnerease which | MUch as ral ere will be fifteen years from now bt S | e, numbers of automobiles) there | 7ISHIS sounds vislonary. But the hin- | vt gaicpaaliat it o e tory of aviation has been full of This xpeils an impressive future for | the unexpectedly sudden realization of | . For just fifleen years ago. |hopes. In 1903 the Wrights flew for | 2 S M',";,’:'";',"r"”'"' the first time. And now, only 24 years purt they now play In modern life, | later, consider the fiying lanes of I | America and the passenger service of Europe, Le Bourget, outside of Parix; Croy t above k. ther oot large city will be a a» Joud ux the et un say, Le Bourget to Croydon, would first r i large bulldin in huge airshipy | hun ularly thit very much lke a rallrond station 10 rofirond sta- | In the walting room you buy your sohedule tines | eket, have your passport examined viation fields | and welghed with the other pis will be | we; % and the baggage, s thist | Stdy u bulletin bourd where the hours eht at slow | of arvival and departure of the v 50 that com. | planes are lsted as wystemitically an | ol 1 1 e orchards and | passengers on, FEach passenger is as crons Covernment plones will patr, | signed o a chslr by o win Then forest teling for fires And, in | blocks sre pul from before e or playisg tennix, | wheels, The “controle” stution at POt i enginetess | Ume schediled for departove gives o e alreudy used in |Mgnal. And as hodicully us A trom dow bills | ain pulls our of a station the plane wind for miles rolls wlong the ground and rises i the s throughout the coun- | alr iy miarked by means| 13 might Le Bourget, lke the other e on proteuding paris | sirports of Kurope, i brilliunt with ndscupe. And frequent land. | BEhte, Bed hghts outline the build along Uiese wir snew will in. | 16, the hangars and the wireless sti ety AL night beacons and |Uon A large weather vane for mp x that cun be ween 50044 | prosching pilots s outlined in lghits ndicate air lanes, A thou | A tremendous bencon, whose ruys on bt will outtine Janding sta | clear nights can be seen for 40 miles, and a6 plane hovers over o | Boods the dark sky with light noaight signals will be dropped | Now, i 6 pllot, guided by the Tight " the wtation will an-|of the beacon, spproaches, wanting Lo s whether it ds sate to dund, L land, he throws out ints the sky n ne Vght signale vpward. The | green pocket when e ix somewhit Bokd more o stars Jess than o thousind feet uhove (he ' G will no donger fiedd. A0 the field ds clear the Yeon P puper headlines, o)’ station fashes an s ering ! onvenlently perch on sky- Laccurntely as on s radlrosd stution hul bonrd, or else you hurey oot Woward open country |onto a lurge concrete e or it Launt, sl and medium. | form. s Phere will be litte, | Boon you by whir of an en for pesmenger sorvice | ine, A biplas w down the mile | rhof definite air | long triangular and draws up 1o aistant cities will come | the platform. The pilot climbs out of freirht and madl | the cockpit for a moment and studies O specinh express Dues | the station’s meteorological chart "~ e going st a | which gives all the latest reports on n hour weather conditio A steward puts cricultural planes | the boggage 0 the hold and beips sreets. We will see |don, outside of London, mpl- | with the wings of (bof, 3 miles from the heart of Beriin, will be amphiblan | 4re the relul ale nd and water fiying, | ports of Kurope weore of Ix down 1o rest on the | others. Today, should you fy fr short te | tely place thems Yet (o prevent an arrest which would | tion where they incur m, all burg’, ves in the posi dan e ger of life | imprisonment or death, | shows the | ment that Jess fear” Death thing they fear. What is true is psurdity of the glib stat This of ||~-lf‘ death i all that the law ereen Mgt and (0EmE on ot e thit Wninate the field Phe o b plane, diops safely o % ox A NETWORK of commercial ain lanes o already formed over Burop Pkt Lo Bowrget as an cxample, Like teai inon great vtloond terming phanes come 0o 10 at schediled Gnes over ale lines from London, Bteass bk, Vienhi, Colog il Lyon from Genevi, Marseille, Algeria, D bar i Atvica, Bpaln and Motoccs Other ol Hnes combine with these Prom Helin und Moscow come s sengors who have transferred at Co logne. From Wirsaw, Budapest, Huy chinrest and Constantinophe come songers whio Wave tranmforved at Bl g o aheind of Hown Amer Wtlon rests, | Jai these reular commercin) soryieos and g Mhits Burope s § America But i milage we deads And Anerica will soon |k I ek servion Mgl on i weaher fugi Hon than s her per ¢ i she s substdized | merclal wie tines for 60 Lo 90 | doubt of thelr aperating costs. Ax | sl withdraws her subsidies (which |1 the eventually will hinve to do) her ale | dent nearly all [ iy in i e large that « There b numbers tavel ale acel | st fow years every has Been given an exas Wil ot at it be able to [ amount of publicity and the number itnelf without help and will wate commorclal Mg have ave hard times. America 1y been mentioned. Theret hand, has built up more | U poople the follow Ing ressar Eradunlly, but on the fiemer founda: | I0E Satistes seem extiaordinay . On o of individuid enterprise, each or- | 00 Bationel aivwiys nder e saper | | sanization standing on s own feet. | VIR 08 the Ariy 1200000 ndles b About four great alr lines the net- | been own with only one sevious acel work our commereind wviation s | dent. On British commerclal atlines [ L I 1019 the post offiee started | 000 than 5,000,000 miles hitve been atr mad) Hines. Within the year it b [ 10800 the Tast seven years with only | wiven these over on the prewent our fatal necidents I 102 Gorman el mste 10 private fdividuals | AVIEE caupied G608 ngera fov Who e ey passensers and frolght 4 WGl of 48NS milen, having only | s, us the Government could ot | 000 fatal aeeident. The accidents | Those main Hnes run from Chicago o | BP0t Which we vead so often pecur Minneapolin Bt Paul (Northwest Ale |1y always in the Army and Navy wiys, § voundteip tieket), from | P00 miltary maneuvers and ex e o Low Angoles (Pacifle Ale l"r'l‘":;:;:“' 'l““m'“'"'*l-' 'lh"“»-)'l:‘llflh" e . " ok [ 5 and not wafety i the s Pransport, $182 ong way token), from | oF FRILE an Bult Lake City to Lo Angeles (Wost o Alr Bxpress, $150 round-trip tek LR et from Cheyenne (o Puebla (Colo 'l‘lln plane of the futuve will, of vido Alvwayw, Ine, $46 roundteip conrae, differ s mueh from the teket), plane of today ax the modern locomo ALy predietions of o tremendous { Hve does from ane of the At ensine s commprclnl development fn the near [ Perhaps many of them will be con futire asmume that air travel fn nofstenoted so a8 to land on any sucface, er i dangerous adyenture i Lan v the plane in whioh | hope to peopte will woon veatize this Forlevass the Bouth Pule this vene. This it they foob ot i sate they will net plane, which haw & Weight whivhying ey ind many other ¢ A e majority of the executions in the h are executions of men who took | st S Itis - afe ingland and Ame this was once 1t 18 “afe made clear by hangi on a high hill | 11% ¢4 in broad daylight, which were attended |00 by thousands of people. These were | [ abohe s founa | T2 d mainly bec it w | that the s le, instead of prevent. | ¥41e ou ling crime, caused it, through su o 9 one can fa tion. No country, however fierce ane P barbarous, would provide for public | ¢ hangings today. This method of kill | 52 1oeihor. os ing is not even contained in the Bau. | ¢f"7C 00 P O mes law. As a rule, the State kills peo. ut ple in the dark, with no one present U0 ever pr p | exeept a fals. 2 phy n who | oh ot 1 r {is not there s life and causes of erime and pover nd minister. rance, and then, and « n | He is killed in silence and darkness | 8€0 BRE U p ’ | 0 that the people brutality of the 8 act s to prevent | should certainly be open and, instead of keeping people away from the seene. they should be ¢ | But we are even more and foolish than this | ture is 4 |of the s Ldren strapr movies. do, f ill not witn If this terribi Killings, then it th mpelled to g inconsistent No motion pic 1E of to te. Men. women cannot_ see the helpl d and shiughtered. it would be a wise thing to this transparent pretension of the dve of apital pu hment was anvthing but a pretension If men are to be kept from killin then all human beings of all . especially the young. should see it means to die at the hands of the state. In this way the wicked im- pulse to go out and Kill would vi: jze something of the v es of crime These pictures are not shown hecanse n spite of the hatred and vengeance of the public, even the v common man still has some vague feeling that the young. especially act from sugg tion. In truth. this is about af there is to education. All observers know that many cases are repeated over and over almost in every detail as a result of su; Intelligent people are perf are that to show such pic tures on the screen would not prevent murders, but would induce them. Higcnid F the full details of executions could be vividly told: if men and women could visualize the horror coming from the fear and dread of this shame. ful and cruel death: if people could fer the agony of the days of w ting they could grasp every detail—all no mal human beings would be so sho to think of their part in the ho ble deed as to get rid of the barbarism that inspires the desire to have some vietim ven in the a smal g1n we in the d men or no ski scparaed miiling iri last a_mod ! w unfortunate killed by the State. The newspapers do much to bring this home to th citizen. The trouble is that most men and women will not read them or permit the young to read the ghastly details. The weak who enjoy the story are sometimes induced by s on to repeat the mes. | No facts can be produced by any- one (o show that the death penalty ever lessened murders. From the na- Color Sereens. ture of things it could not be shown ion of the power of | Tt does not follow that one refrains | from Killing because he is afraid of | death. Very er desire !to Kill. If anything could be shown from results, America are plai er murders in no capital pun which still then the figures in : that there ave few- ates where there is hment than in States cling to the barbarous This does not nec the abolition of capital pun responsible for it. It may only mean that the States where the people are S0 humane as not-to go into the ki ing business in an orzanized i\wum naturally have fewer ci ter of t = the telesc } differences i who under any circumsta {KiL That two facts exist toge ' does not one is the cause of the may or may not be the case. | _There is nothing so unequal or un- | fair as capital punishment. Only the { poor are put to death. Those who ve the means and opportunity to have their cases so presented that a jury and even a court may under- | n and pealize the terrible respon- | w n Planes in Country in 15 “WHEN THE WHIR OF ENGINES OVERHEAD WILL RIVAL THE NOISE OF CITY STREETS." e, R o engine, has wheels for skhis for should we earth landing landing, and has foats down at sea planes Wil poxitively Plan: designa in Ger Transatlar ho seaworthy P many are tending towant space in the Wings for AE I a4 plane own hody and down on the wsonpers. This may e that ean float on s wings should it e pan, Large passenger planes will, 1 teel sure, always carey several engines, so that even if one glves out they will never have to wake a foreed landing on dangerons ground. But fwe long {intances Where there ave many land N areas the onsengine. plane wilt I be hest. For, having less welght W carry, It ean go longer distances With less power, One thing seems certain—we have nearly reachod the it tn the sise af ateplanes. Unlike machines which vun on the groumt or on water, the ain plane has to overcome the pull of MAVIEY and alr resistance fore, the lmit n alvplane stee will woon be veach L 1 thilk that ain planes will carey perhaps 100 passen worm for short distances, but they will not be as practioal for this number of papmenors is Wil atrahips, Many inventions are needed at ance inoeder Ke the wmoghern rk\lu mote neodly the el plne of the Lutuie, 'flan should be invented There: | Years | braking devices, so that a plane can come down on as small a space as a sKyscraper roof: a steeper ascent an sle. so that planes can rise abruptly a 108-hour re mergency de- s that a pi can jeave the control, even in bad weather: reduc tion of the overloading of the engine ne by increasing the efficiency of the | lifting power, the engine, the| fuel and steering surfaces: perfected licate in all weath instruments 1Q t ived—the in day Tm: period has ag of W yed 19 when women have the opportunity to provide th selves with the initial step to the | marriage state | pose if they | the monepal three vears, acconding to tional custom of “woulng During the past Summer [den Marriman and Dorethy [ tieipated the leap ywar sea | Women may usually hit Toall and advised the [t€ " now and not wait | in leap year reflections it might be recalled that woman proposes in Tother lands, and even in our own intry, ax i the case of the Hopi Indian maiden of Artzona. S tolls up” and savs she fs goims acourt In A number of countries w | have the privilese of choosing thetr [own hushands, as tn bygone davs in India. and thero &5 one countey where that s, they wish to, whi - priviiege can pro ¢ man has ho other the trads Mrs Bor Dix an N when ship w0 sirly W Iadye shall man to have the s fa gl may expre h Preference ‘r.u A man by presenth him with + hattle of spivits. 1t she is afvaid | that her Fion ot procedure has not the sane her parents she may lower fthe fuid at nikht feom her ehamt [ WIOW 1 18 thousht that the wom [en of the ancient Exyptians had the Lprivitege o ecting their husbands Margaret Olmstead of the Luey | gon £ Stone League says the time s hear | hand “when it will be entively | TORE othical and become the custom oy | Al pawnsh jthe faie sox to “pop the question— | S8 Wit [the Tast step In the modern woman's | case 1 eomplets emancipation n a sested that “woman fits now s sug Any Aeinal pawnshops spread over | position hitherto helt by man atone ™ | st of Burope, A mane pal paws {800 now can ask for any job that | shop was set i Madeid i th {® man can ask for. 1t has not been | Year 10 when a axt With very CUNtOMArY in the past for her to wake | Htle capital opened o as an uncke Aphlication o one position—that of f The sxatem was ried &t Avise » wite 1 DU it was et untl the yew The additional day 0 Fobewary | 1T that Pavis (el was provided WRIch makes what is called tn the | With & mogs de pivie. The National Loalendar “teap vear™ vecalia interest ilnu historieal traditions, Assombly Upset the monopoly and i business passed to private hands The astronomers of Jullus Cuesar, | The extortions of the pawnbrokers i 48 yeurs before Christ (ROC), fxed |t Tl however, to & demand for the solar year at 383 days and 8] the reestablishment of the goverw hours. Those extra hours were set j MeRtal mstititons, Iy 1806 Napolvon Aside and at the end of four years | veestablished the monepoly. tesud make a day, Which was added to the | g 1t by laws that ave stilh tn foive fourth yoar win the 28th of Fehruary, | The interest charged amounts 1o about A date which “leaps over™ the dav T per cont oF the: week on which it woulkl fall Ta Paves the wmant de piete s I ot vears, ta e vemt o tn N Rinve 162, Whan the Angllean Ne Gon bt o e gy s kWA MVEY Was vevised, the twenty winth winelyy l\mul\“\tl [