Evening Star Newspaper, June 20, 1926, Page 51

MILITARY BAND CONCERTS | SAVED BY DAVIS RULING| Decision in Arlington County Case Adve BY REX COLLIER. ECRETARY OF WAR with mil lie ary bands may play in pub has settled being, a problem t yeached proportions threatening s:fety of that American institution the military band concert 1'ntil the head of the War t fically ruled last week bands may entertain the n populace in free public con there had been an increasingly question in the minds of hizh officials as to whether, under as defined in military regula Army band might | L concert of purely ¢ wter s p time th had Depart that sne rtaining Tt blem, affectin bands in general, had a much broader pect than local, questions in volved in the matter before Secretary Davis at the time of his decision—con rning the right of the Fort Myer wvalry Band to stage public concerts Arlingzon County, Va. military tmmer Concerts Involved. Otficials were beginning to view with some anxicty the whole practice, how- «er popular, of holding Summer con 2 n the parks of the cities and fowns where military bands are avail- " includin the National Capital, propriety being questioned, of course, only where the band was play off the mllitary reservations. W of the fact that bands of three military services long have in the habit of contributing services for many sorts of pub- tions, to say nothing of the tice of the United States Marine in making periodic countrywide extent, there ul been considerable uneasiness in official quarters as to just what civie rights, if any, the militar claim The S had the pre on military Protective Union. ording to President A. . Hayden the Washington headquarters, the union is unalterably opposed to mili tary bands playing off the reservation for anything but a strictly military or otficial function. Will Continue Protests. <o long as the Government permits its bands to do otherwise, the union wiil continue to register its protests. he said. It was due to such a protest ®ihat the Fort Myer Band refused to arry out an agreement to play at a recent civie celebration in Lyon Vil laze, not far from the post. The union, i - with its general policy, alleged 1 concert would be in the nature ¢ competition with civilian bands, for- dden by military regulations. ic organization denied this, but the smmanding_officer at Fort Myer, on looking carefully into the military law, not only heeded the protest of the union, but announced his intention of calling off all future public concerts al- ready scheduled, because he believed they would be contrary to law. It was the wide scope of the conclu- sions drawn by the Fort Myer com nuander that resulted in the matter being brought to the attention of Sec retary Davis for a personal opinion. If the decision reached by Col. Iawkins at Fort Myer was based on ® correct Interpretation of the law governing military concerts, then mili- tary bands have been flagrantly violat- ing all regulations in appearing before he public in various non-Federal parks or at clvic ceremontes. Out for World Series. Officials recalled that military bands have made a practice of livening up the crowds at American League Park during the world series base ball moot tained an sure being officials point ze with ought to hear the Musici B h by Ac such DAVIS, | laving down a definite poliey | ard to when and where | least for the the legally | to | oncert | ¢ band could | The | se, Might Have Been Far-Reaching. season. Martial music has been a fea ture of various organization outings a civie character. And. as pointed by the Virginia citizens, the Ma- rine Bund—not an Army unit, how aver—is planning another concert tour in large cities of the United States. It was too large a_problem for routine judgment. Ordinary military channels were loath to handle it Some of the highest apparently, themselves had a certain doubt in~ their minds to how rizidly the military regulations were be enforced. | The original | |out \ act of Congress, ap- | prove June 3, 1916, governing such was easily construed to per- svernment hands to render civic | concerts whenever no competition [with civilian musical organizations was involved. The law stated, mere- Iv. that no Army musician should lwe “detailed. ordered or - permitted | t to engage in any | pursuir, or performance in | vivil life for emolument, hire or oth- erwise. when the same shall interfere [\ith the enstomary employment and £ local clvillans , .trades or pro- | conce | mit ¢ regular engagement in the respective ar fessions.” Law Ttself Plain Enough. The law itself, prior to its amend- ment in later military ovders, was | plain enough. Military bands were not prohibited from donating their | services outside military limits, pro. viding their offer did not conflict with | the “regular engagement™” of civilian [pands. Under the. law the Govern | ment ailowed its bands considerable | latitude in co-operating with municipal or civie interests. Military bands | furnished music for business men’s outings, civic celebrations and vari- ous kinds of fetes. | The frequency with which service bands donated their music did not it well with civilian bands, however. 't s claimed that organizations which could afford to pay for a civilian band were saving their money by wetting _ military ~ organizations to play. The assertion was made that the civilian band industry was being seriously retarded by Government in- terference. So, in response to the furor raised in this connection the regulations were amended “to insure compliance with the splirit of this prohibition” against competition. The chief of staff, by order of the Secretary of War, an- nounced that “neither the mere as- sertion that it iz not intended to em- ploy other musicians nor the fact that the Army bands are to furnish music without emolument should be accepted.” Attitude of Doubt. It was the poignant provisions of this amendment that created an atti- tude of doubt in Army band circles as to just when and where an Army band might perform fits highly im- portant duties. The law thus was made to con- tain a double-lock. The first part forbade competition and the amend- ment abolished the only known | methods of ascertaining whether or [ not there was competition. It was was put up to Secretary Davis, but e met the situation quite handily. TUnder the Secretary’s construction of the law, as amended, Army bands may render concerts in public on grounds other than military reser- vations, providing the concert is of official character, or is for a charit- able. cause, or is for the edification of the music-loving civilian public, involving no commercial aspect and no bona fide interference with the civillan band business. Thus, Americs tary band concerts are saved for posterity and the blare of martial airs once more will resound this Summer in divers parts of the ) games and at the opening game of the tlon’s landscape. Byrd Tells of Ice Floes Grinding About As He Flew Over the North Pole ' (Continued from irst Page.) ought to be there pretty soon.” Bennett nodded back and smiled, for roar of the motors made it im- possible for us to talk. Then I made last sights and knew we were the Pole at last. The North Pole! A whirring, roar- inz bluebird out of the South, carry- 1= two bits of humanity, bundled in parkas bevond all recognition, came swooping through the air with the case of a gull and soared over this problematical, mathematical point which had been the goal of men for =0 many generations. It did not look different from other miles of ice over which we had just passed. There was the same stretch of brilllant white, marked by ridges, nummocks and a few leads recently rozen, showing sreen against white. This was the desolate top of the earth, and we were over it. I shook hands with Bennett, who smiled and nodded satisfaction, then made my way aft and saluted the gallant Pea the, it Ice in Constant Motion. From pressure ridges I knew that the ice there was in constant motion The ice was composed of large cakes, of fields whose edges, except at the leads, jammed up against each other and were pressed so tightly by wind i ocean currents that ice and snow were forced up to varying heights, depending upon the pressure exerted. ‘akes were glistening white ummocks. Here and there on most of them, and on some drifts caused by strong vwinds, T knew the surface was more uneven than it looked from the plane. Floes were of many shapes and sizes, and pressure ridges ran willy-nill apparently without rhyme or reason We had made it—whatever might me afterward, for there was some doubt in our minds even then if we would ever get back. Some time be we reached the Pole 1 had no. the starboard motor oil tank lenking. Oil whizzed by me in what seemed an alarmingly fast stream. I told Bennett about it and he looked it over also, and seemed rather grave when he came b We talked over it by means of notes and decided no matter what happened we would go to the Pole first. For we were so fur away from land that the few miles we had to go would make no difference as far as our safety was concerned. “Let's zo there and decide what 10 do afterward,” Bennett and I con- cluded. 1 felt grave, but said to my- self grimly: “We'll get there whether or not we get all the way back. We'll t to the Pole.” TFor we feared, if the oil gave out early on our return, we might not be able to make the Jong flight back to Spitzbergen, and certainly mot if still another leak should occur. TDespite my great sat- fsfaction at reaching the Pole, T felt an undercurrent of disappointment that failure of the oil tank would pre- vent us from reaching Cape Morris Jessup and exploring territory be- “tween there and the Pole. The motor did not stop, however, and to our nmazement we found after landing that there was some ofl left. The leak bad been caused by a rivet pull fore ticed | navigating {accomplished our purpose. with | ing out, and the oil did not drop be- low the level of the hole. After we reached the Pole we went a little further, changing from north to south in an instant, a curious sen- sation. Then we circled so as to go around the Pole again. We had the strange experience of changing time so rapldly that we went all around the clock in a few minutes and changed from one day to another and then back again, as well as circum- the globe. It was the oddest experience to reflect upon that could happen to man, for time and | space were topsy-turvy, and almost an Efnstein would have been required | to_straighten them out. In order to keep my head clear there and not get confused I had to | forget peculiar time and direction and concentrate on the position of the blessed sun. For the magnetic com- pass swung in disconcerting fashion as we turned back. But when the revolution had been completed and we looked down for the last time on the top of the world we took our course by the sun compass and head- ed back toward Spitzberg of course, 1 had not tried to set the sun compass for our rapid change of time, I remember with what a feeling of velief 1 realized that we had at last 1 relaxed for the first time. Oil was still leak- ing from the starboard motor tank, and we were not sure whether it would all be gone and forced to make it on two motors, but even if we came down upon the ice we had done what we had set out to do. Bennett felt the same way about it, T learned later in talking with him." There was a long, long road ahead if we were *forced to make it on two motors, but— there are some things which are suffi- icient in themselves. Coming back was relatively easy. T was sure of the course then,/but it was still nec- essary to check up with frequency to make sure we would hit Spitzbergen, which is not such a large body of land when you are 700 miles away in the air with nothing on which to get | bearings. Bennett got sleepy from the hum of the motors on the way ! back and T relieved him at times, so he could move about the compartment and wake himself up. Drowsiness af- fected me also, but I knew I had to keep on the job of navigation. " Land Shows Up on Horizon. At last, as T was pretty sure from my calculations we were nearing land, Bennett looked back and nodded toward the horizon ahead. Sure enough, there was land, a thin streak of white above the pale glitter of the ice. We had made it. We came back to the point 1 had aimed for anfl flew southward along the coast until we reached Cape Mitre, and then turned in toward Kings Bay. As we hummed in over tHe mountains we could see figures, tiny black dots, pouring out of buildings, gathering in clusters over the slene from which we had taken off a slhiort time before, although it seemed ages to us, and we shot down and witlf a few preliminary cir- cles landed with hardly a bump on the field and taxied up the slope. We were both very tired and al- most devoid of sensation. T know we sat there a few minutes and then 4 Army officials, | THE SUNDAY N order that the people of the world may be able to secure last- ing peace, the first essentlal is that they shall regard the under- taking as a_practical one, to be carried through by practicable meth- jods. Tt is the duty of every person to do his utmost to promote the cause of prace; but to try to promote it by impracticable methods would be whol- Iy futile and might be wholly danger- ous. One of the first steps necessary will he for the people to fix in their minds the fact that the nations of the world are actual individuals; that each nation is an individual in the family of mations, just as distinetly as any man or woman is an ‘ndividual in a city. in order to realize how the members of the family of nations may preserve peace among themselves, it is well to vealize the methods by which the indi- viduals of a city maintain among themselves. If we think about this a few minutes, we see that the individuals of a eity maintain peace by means of policemen. There never has been a city in the world, so far ax we know, in which peace has been maintained ‘withoyt policemen. The policemen, of course, are merely the instruments of the law, charged with the enforcement of the law. In cvery ity, in every nation, we see agencies preserving the peace by framing and enforcing laws. * ok Kk Many examples show the necessity for the executive authority to enforce the law. Possibly, the most clear cut in recent times was Boston, when the policemen went on a strike in 1919, Secretary Weeks has stated that, in the night which fol- lowed, Boston went back 200 years. Virtual anarchy ensued. The protec- tion of the police being withdrawn, there being no force to carry out the law against violence, violence resulted. srtunately, the men of Boston were of the virile type: with the result that they quickly formed themselves into w volunteer police force and kept violence down, in a measure. But among the nations there is no police force. Unless a police force of some kind can be created, it is diffi- cult to see how the nations can insure peace. Of course, the time-honored methods of diplomacy and arbitration can be continued and do immeasur- able good. Rut those methods, al- { world a very nice problem for solution that | aditional _mit- | though they have been practiced for several hundred years, have never been able to insure peace over long periods. Still less have they been able to insure permanent peace, any more than the resources of medicine have been able to insure permanent life. S e e The evils of war are so heart-rend- ing that the world has been endeavor- ing for thousands of years to prevent it: but, nevertheless, certain nations have disturbed the peace at frequent intervals by advancing certain claims, and endeavoring to secure them by force. If we look at the history of the analytically, we see that the most important events have been wars; and we also sée that, while the immediate causes of those wars seem to have been largely emotional. yet the bottom causes were not emotional at all, but almost wholly material. In fact, if we look into the events that led up to any war, we find, if we search long enough, some distinct ma- terlal gain that one party to the war was trying to secure, and that the opposing party was trying to prevent it from securing. One {ilustration may be mentioned out of thousands, the World There is an impression in the minds of some people that this war was brought about by a desire for miiitary conquest on the part of Germany. | Yet, if we realize that Germany had virtually nothing to gain by war with Russia or France, and that she had a great deal to gain by instituting | compebition for forelgn commerce with Great Britain, while Great Britain saw Ler ascendency on the sex threatened by that competition, we see in that competition for material gain a much | | more reasonable cause R Admiral Mahan had proved his book, “The Influence of Sea Power on " (1890), that militaristic meth The Story the Week Has fi(ihl BY HENRY W. BUN HE following is a brief sum mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended June 19: Great Britain and Ireland— The coal problem is being debated in the Commons. Mr. Baldwin has de- clared in favor of a temporary eight hour working day in the mines. He would leave the seven-hour act on the statute book, but is for legislation permitting an elght-hour day tempo- rarily, should the miners consent thereto. He belleves that if the in- dustry is to carry on pending recon- struction, some wage reductions will be necessary; but not very great ones, if an hour is added to the workina day. The Labor M. P.s are united in opposing to Mr. Baldwin's views, and many Liberals, including Lilovd George, support the Laborites. The Liberal representation in the House of Commons and the Liberal candidates’ association having indors- ed Lipyd George, Liberal leader in the Commong, in his dispute with Lord Oxford (Herbert Asquith), head of the Liberal party and its leader in the House of Lords, the dispute was final- Iy referred to the National Liberal “ederation, which met on Thursday. The assembly passed a resolution ex- pressing ‘“‘unabted confidence” in Lord Oxford as leader of the Liberal party and the hope that he would continue his inspiring leadership for many years; but also expressing the desire to “retain the co-operation of all Lib- erals.” Some one demanding that it be made clear that the resolution did not imply any sort of reflection on Lloyd George, the mover replied em- phatically in that sense and the reso- lution was carried unanimously. It was apparent that Lloyd George's supporters were in a majority. It is hoped that Lloyd George's magnani- mous proceedings on this occasion will end the dispute that threatened to dis: rupt the Liberal party. Lloyd George made an eloquent speech to the meet- ing urging his landing reform pro- gram. The value of British exports dur- ing the first five months of 1926 was | less by £45,500,000 than that of ex- ports during the corresponding period of 1925; the value of imports January May, 1926, less by £61,000,000 than the value of imports January-May, 1925. The Earl of Dunraven is dead at 85. He was of Some note as war corre. spondent and statesman, but Ameri- satruiariis e S Sl shook hands and lfted ourselves stifly from our seats. The door of the compartment was torn open by some one outside and men rushed in to grasp our hands and say things which we could not hear because of our deafness from the roar of the motors. Then strong arms grasped us and lifted us up and carried us down the slope. All I felt was weari- ness. I was so utterly tired I wanted to lle down and sieep forever, it seemed, despite the excitement which could not help stirring me even then. ‘We had flown to the Pole and had come back! ight. 1926, by New York Times and (Copvrieil: J0uls Globe Democrat peace | the example of | | V | | | REAR ADMIRAL STAR, WASHINGTON, BRADLEY D. C, JUNE 20, y Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske gman controlling it; while among na- A. FISKE. ods could not possibly be efficacious, | except locally, for building up a na- tion's prosperity; and that the bottom reason for the decline of KFrance and the accompanying rise of Great | Britain_had been that France had | pursued militaristic methods, wher Great Britain had pursued comme: cial methods all over the world. i Mahan's book made a tremendous | \impression on the Kaiser. It made him realize that, if Germany was to become a nation of world-wide impor- | tance, as distinguished from merely | continental importance, she must fol- | low the methods of Great Britain. In | | pursuing those methods, Great Britain | {had fought first Spain, then Holland nd then France, and by the success ned she has secured the mustery the sea, and with it the mastery { the world Under the many, highly Kuiser's leadership mt »us and able « population too | for her determined to uti the enormous ability and indust the German people to wrest the mastery of th sea from Great Britain, or at the to share it with her. 7To accor this by peaceful means would 1 least expensive and the safest but if she could not accomplish peaceful means, it would then be essary to do what other great nations had done, and go to war. w rge S With these ideas in mi Kai put Admiral Tirpitz in charge of the navy, and exerted all the power his “position to build up a German werchant marine backed by a highly powerful German navy. \When 1913 arrived, his efforts had t 1 |fruit that an exceedingly {German merchant marine and exceed |ingly efficient German commerci | methods in foreign countries threat ened to displace the British. S threat Great Britain was | meet, for the all-sutficient it she lost her paramountey the mere gettin; food into Cire | Britain would me a matter doubt, while her displacement b many as the dominant tigure o force son b of the x e of MGer the world would become a matter of cer- tainty. Beneath all the superficial causes of the war lurked the necessity for a fight to the finish between Britain and Germany for the mastery of the sea. All other factors were relatively microscopic. In 1914, Germany w: hunting immeasurably bigger game han Mr. Wilson or his advisers real- ized. As aid for operations of the Navy, I frequently pointed out the facts to the Secretary of the Navy in 1914 and 1915, but I could make no impression whatever. R long as we are in danger of having statesmen of various policies in control of our Nation and until we train statesmen for the profession #f statesmanship as thoroughly as we train Navy and Army officers for the profession” of arms, it will be usele: attempt to secure world peace. papers of House show that our national leaders then held notions about war in general and about the World War in particular that were considerably vague. They thought the war had been brought about the militarism of Germany and by the attempt of Germany to secure the minance of the world by militaristic methods! That was not the case The Kaiser had been taught the of any purely militaristic by Admiral Mahan, 20 years The rutdlity policy before * X o It would help the cause of peace smendously for the people to realize 1t nations have not gone to war for » suke of going to war, but for the \ke of securing something that they wanted; exactly as two dogs fight for bone. If they realized this, they vould then see that the problem of ing peace is largely the problem preserving such a_condition of af- fairs that no nation Will be able to dis- the peace—that is, the problem virtually the same as that inside of every city But inside of ev lcable to maintain a cause the efty hich is virt city it police force be is under a government Iy @ machine, with one cans knew him chietly as chal for the America’s cup. His Valkyrie as beaten by Vigilant and his ie 11T by the Defender. Both the Valkyries were designed hy Wat son and both American boats by Nathaniel Herreshoff. Lord Dun raven was a member of the Senate | of the Trish Free State from its in [ stitution until early this y when he resigned his seat because in health m | 3 3 | France.—On ay M. Peget. the finance minister, having used up most of the $87,000,000 proceeds of the Morgan loan in vain intervention on | behalf of the franc and lacking funds to continue that operation—the franc having fallen to the lowest ever on Paris exchange; the cost of living having risen 10 per cent in two months—Peret, despairing of further usefulness under the conditions, re | signed. Briand then went before the | chamber and asked that, in view of Peret’s resignation, the scheduled de. bate on the exchange situation be postponed 48 hours. The request was granted, 309 to 195. But it was not a satisfactory vote. Most of the radical | Socialists voted contra. or abstained, |and again the Left government had been saved by Right and Center votes, It was preposterous that such a situatfon should continue, where- fore the government resigned. The President, after the proper con- sultations, invited Briand to form an- other government—if possible, a ‘na- tional unfon” government, to include | leading representatives of all the principal groups except the Mon- archists and the Communists. Briand accepted the invitation, announcing that, should he succeed, he would ask the Chamber to grant full powers to the new government for dealing «with the financial situation “for whatever period might be necessary for the re- covery of the fran He would also ask for immediate ratification of the | Berenger debt agreement. But the | Socialists and a majority of the radical Socialists bucked ~at the national ! union idea, which project was aban- !doned. Briand now proposed a ‘“cab- {inet of concentration” (a ypical | French label), in which the “pivotal men” should be Herriot and Poin- care; Herriot to represent the minor- ity of radical Socialists loyal to Briand, and Poincare, with his tre- mendous_prestige, to take the port- folio of finance. Poincare signified acceptance of the finance job on condition that he should have full power to effect his financial program by decree, but after a long agony of indecision he declined the portfolio. Briand then quit (Friday) and Herriot was Invited to have a try. He started, apparently, with the idea of a cabinet of much the same complexion as that last proposed by Briand. But Briand brusquely refused the post of foreign minister, and it seems very doubtful that Poincare will accept that of finance minister. The attitude of the power- ful Marin group of 104 members of Right appears in the following nesolu- \ tion voted by ot qualified to fidence indispen the franc nor demanded by them: “M. t bring is back the con ble to the safety of to realize the union the country for a fian cial program.” It is the general opinion that, should Herriot present \ cabinet to the Chamber. it will be of a prevailing Left complexion. The past record of the Left in the present Chamber is not of a sort to inspire confidence. The Left opposed institu- ion of the commission of experts now engaged in framing a plan of fiscal rehabilitation. The Left has clamored for use of the gold reserve of the Bank of France in the battle to save the franc. For the moment the fat's in the fire again with a vengeance. However, the prediction that ere long Herriot will come a cropper and Briand will again be summoned to the Elysee does not seem unreason able. On Tuesday the franc fell to 2.72% on New York exchange; within three- quarters of a point of the lowest ever in New York. It has since somewhat recovered. The mandates commission of the T.eague of Nations has approved the conduct of M. De Jouvenel as French high commissioner in Syria. M. De Jouvenel made a verbal report to the commission covering all the details of his administration and answering the sundry charges against it. The finding of the commission is of the tirst importance. * K oK % Poland.—Marshal Pilsudski has made himself permanent inspector general of the army, a position supe- rior to that of commander-in-chief of the army, superior even to that of the minister of war, in effect inde- pendent of the civil authorities. Nomi- nally the President appointed him to the office, but it does not appear that the president had legal authority so to do. At the invitation of the late unhappy Witos government of Poland, cordial- Iy repeated by Pilsudski, a commis- sion of American financial “éxperts, headed by Dr. Edwin Kammerer of Princeton, will soon make an intensive study of conditions in Poland, and on the basis thereof will suggest needed fiscal and financial legislation. The degree of doctor of fisca should be created for Dr. Kammerer, to so many governments has he been ad- viser, to the vast benefit of their fis- cal and financial health. From Poland he and his colleagues will go to South America to help Ecuador and Bo- livia. as they propose to" hely” Poland. * ok kK China.—The Chinese situation con- tinues undesirable, incomprehensible, celestial. The presidential office re- mains vacant and Premier Yen car- ries on alone, his chosen cabinet colleagues ignominiously declining to leave cover. The conference on Chinese customs nominally sits on, though six of its nine Chinese dele- gates have sought shelter in the foreign concessions of Tientsin or Shanghal; it hopes against hope for 1 government with which it may ef- fectively deal. Those transiendent he- at | is prac- | 1926—PART 2. U. S. N. (Retired). \ tions there is no such machine. There are only separate parts. A machine is not merely u collection of separate parts; a machine is a collection of parts which, though they have sepa- rate tasks to accomplish and are in- dependent of each other, are vet Inter- dependent and are placed under the control of one man, with the result that the machine can be directed as a whole® toward the attainment of any object. In this world nothing what- ever can be accomplished except by a machine of some kind. If a man stretches forth his hand, or moves his finger, or speaks a word, he does it by operating a machine—by operating | the most perfect machine we know of, the human body . Therefore, in order to preserve peace permanently, it would be neces- sary t invent and develop an inter- nation: machine controlled by one man. 1t would be necessary, in other words, to fnvent and develop a sort of counterpart of the machine which pre- served the Pax Romana =o long throughout the world. It would be necessary, that is, to invent and de- velop a sort of counterpart of the Ro- man empire. It may be answered that this would be impracticable. If s0, the securing of permanent peace would be impracticable. P But even if the securing of perma- nent peace bhe impracticable, we should, of course. aim at getting us much peace as possible. The most efficient line of work would seem jo be that of removing the causes of war. One of the most prolific causes (if not the most prolific cause) is such | condition of affairs that certain na- tions are highly prosperous and in- adequately armed: while other nations are not very prosperous but are high- Iy armed, and are highly desirous of securing by force the wealth of the nations that are inadequately armed. As it would be foolish to suggest that nations should not try to be prosper- {ous, and equally foolish to suggest that unprosperous nations should not try to get all the wealth they can {from wealthy nations, we see that one of the first essentials toward peaceful conditions is that the prosperous na tions shall arm themselves sufficiently to deter any poorer nations from at tacking them. In other words, eac should follow the example of a safe deposit company, and adopt every | | possible means to safeguard its valu- | ables. Safe deposit vaults do this o | thoroughly that attacks on them burglaries are seldom even attempted. * *x o x The part of the world in which it seems to be the most difficult to se- | cure lasting peace is the Philippine |Islands. One reason is that it would be highly desirable to Japan to pos sess them in order to have an outlet for her surplus population, and in order. also, to prevent the United States from using them as a base for | commercial operations in China. Another reason is that it would he to the advantage of Great Britain to |bave the United tes get into a | war with Japan, because such a wa would necessitate the withdrawal of American merchant ships from com |merce on the ocean and would there- fore enable Great Britain to reassume | her place mistress of the world, and to substitute a condition of un' | | precedented prosperity for her present condition of depression, by manu- | | facturing _and selling goods of all | | kinds, including munitions of war, to both sides Unfortunately, preservation of {peace in the Philippines was made | more difficult by the Washington Con- ference on the Limitation of Arma- | ment, because the American dele gates signed a paper agreeing that the | United States should not add to the wholly inadequate defenses of the Philippines or improve their wholiy | {inadequate capacit a naval base— | an act which increased the temptation | {of Japan to capture those immeasur- - valuable islands American delegates ¥ ax the officials of a safe de posit company would if they reduced | the protection surrounding their valu. | ables wealthy nation acted (Copyright, 19" | ‘r Wu Pei-I'u and Chang Tso-Lin, | nominally in close alliance, have sworn “blood brotherhood” ac- cording to the ancient rite; but they | | postbone meeting. each profoundly | {and properly distrustful of the other. | | | roes, ar | even | Wu_ PeiFu having discovered the Tuchun of Ho-Nana to be playing him false, has deprived that worthy | of his Tuchunship. The redoubtabie | Marshal Sun Chuan-Feng is reported | o have declared the five Yangtse proy- | inces an independent State under his sway and to have taken over the reve nue of the salt administration in those | provinces. He is also accused of hug- | germugger negotiations whh the remnant of the Kuominchun (the de feated ‘“‘national people’'s army” erst- while commanded by Marshal Fengyu- Hsiang and now hovering at the edge of the Gobi Desert). Apparently he i playing for equality with Wu Pei-Fu and Chang Tso-Lin, and would be par inter pares in a triumvirate. He is an able man. * K o*x % Tacna-Arica.—The most interesting | foreign development of the week was that in the Tacna-Arica situation. On Monday the Plebiscitary Commis- sion (the United States and Peruvian representatives voting pro, the Chil-| ean representative contra) passed a resolution. submitted by Gen. Lassi- ter, the chairman, to the effect that owing to failure of the Chilean gov ernment to create and maintajn fair voting conditions, a genuine plebi- scite in the disputed territory was im- possible. In presenting his resolution Gen. Lassiter said that evidence based on detailed investigation could “leave no doubt in the mind of any impar- tial investigators into the facts that there existed and still exists in the plebiscitary territory conditions ut- terly incompatible with the exercise by Peruvians of the legitimate plebi- scitary activities essential to a free and fair expression of the will of the qualified electorate.” The conclusion, said he, 13 fnescapable that these con- ditiens were “brought about not only with the knowledge and implied ap- proval of the Chilean authorities, but in many cases with their connivance, evidenced by fallure to restrain the criminal activities of certain so-called patriotic and political organizations, Wwhose operations have been accom- panied by unmistakable evidence of official support and approval.” On Friday the Chilean Ambassador at Washington notified Secretary Kel- logz that. he was instructed by his government to withdraw from the di- rect negotiations respecting the di puted territory in process at Wash- ington under the Secretary’s tender of good offices. It is the contention of the Chilean government that this step was justified by the fact that it agreed to the Washington parleys only upon the definite understanding that the Plebiscitary -Commission would be kept afoot while they were going on. It looks like absolute finish to our efforts toward settlement of the fa- mous dispute; but recalling how, in the recent instances of Upper Silicia, Ireland and Mosul st when the af-| fair seemed blacke solutlon' sud- E Pclassification Fio | another. Sl PAN-AMERICAN HEALTH . EXPERTS TO MEET HERE anitary Bureau Will Further Work of Stamping Out Disease Without BY JOSEPH A. FOX. ARKING a new epoch in the efforts of the Pan-American countries to improve their health standards through co operation and safeguard the lives of their people by disease pre- vention and cure, thus fostering the general welfare of their nations, the heads of the health departments and other medical leaders of every Amer ican Republic will meet here for three days—September 27-29—for mu. tual consideration of their problems and to formulate recommendations which eventually are designed to be embodied in international agreements. The conference will be under the auspices of the American Sani- tary Bureau, an auxiliary of the Pan. | American Unfon, and an organization | which, although seldom in the public eve, has wielded a potent influence in the never-ending war against dis- ease in the years since it came into existenc The health conference is not in itself unique, for from time to time during the past half century similar sesslons have been held, but this meeting is the first that is to bring together in their official capacity the heads of the departments, and is viewed as another evidence of the de- sire of the Americas to work to gether for mutual benefit Precedes Two Other Meetings. Incidentally, the gathering will be the forerunner of two others that will bring world leaders in the medical field to Washington, for in the days fmmediately following will come the International Union Tubercu- losis and the National Tuberculosls Association, both of which will be here in the first week in October, and in whose sessions the Latin delegates have been invited to participate The agenda of the en-American meeting gives an idea of the extent | of the fleld over which the Sanftary Bureau casts its watchful eye First comes the problem of coping with such diseases as leprosy, bubonic plague, vellow fever, dysenteries and malaria, most of which are yearly ex acting a terrific toll, although so far as yellow fever is concerned, remark able success has attended the efforts to reduce its death rate Code to Be Discussed. in the work of comes health eduction, maternal mortality nitary en gineering, training of personnel for health work, public health organtza tion and administration. sanitary of e Then prevention infant and ines o e disc quar Certain also is code, forn; and alread treaty ussed extensively the Pan-American sanitary lated in Havana in 1924, ratified with the status the United States and several other signatory powers, and hatled as one of the most advanced steps ever taken for the general wel fare of the countries concerned This code provides, briefly, for the collection and dissemination of in- formation concerning incidence « communicable diseases, and prescribes and standardizes measures necessary prevent transm of quaran diseases from one country to tinable Hugt Cumming States Public Health of the Senitar Gen the United vice. directc re declared t ins of the outstanding accomplishments of pan-American relations. Information Fights Disease. code. in effect, just gave hacking praciice already ally in vogue among the Amer. whenever there is an out- break of di any of the coun tries the bureau h juarters he are ised at once, and the informa roadeast to the other coun- tries that they may e whatever precaytions they deem advisable to safeguard their avenues of communi cation with the area affected. to pre clude spread of infection The way this wor is well fllustrated by the United States Pub lic Health Service. Whenever word of an outbreak of disease is reported trom any country an officer is sent 10 the scene at once, and it is his duty to see that any ship sailing from the zone affected has heen surrounded with such care that the disease will not he horme to those shores. By taking ordinary precavtions, such a mooring vessels in midstream, so that its. which are the worst type of . cannot come aboard, v travel through a Other sanitary features Iso are watched carefully. and the vesult of this all is that the old-time wrantining of a port. which meant rrier to shipping, has about been away with. This new order of s has proved highly beneficial to all commerce, for similar measures are possible where rail transporta- tion is involved, and in consequence the sanitary work has proved of di- Surg of t S This gener icas, for d tion is ship danger spot [ rect benefit to trade between the coun- | tries in addition its other bene ficial results Authorized Three Years Ago. The forthcoming conference was authorized by the Pan-American Con- ference of States in_Santiago, Chile, three years ago, and back of it lies an interesting history, for it is the out- growth of more than a century of con- ferences between the Americas to ad- vance their mutual interests. Up until 1878 chese gatherings dealt with questions of state, but as com- mercial _intercourse between the sea- ports of the world increased. and as many of the ports were infected with cholera and yellow fuver, it became necessary to have some international system of notification of the sanitary conditions of the important ports. Consequently, on May 14, 1880, Con- gress passed a joint resolution au- thorizing the President to call an in- ternational conference to take action toward this end, and, in pursuance of the invitation which followed, & meeting started here on January 5, 1881, with delegates in attendance from Argentina, _Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Bolivia. Brazil, Chile, Den- mark, France, Germany, Great Brit- ain, Hawaii, Haiti, Ttaly, Japan, Liberia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Peru, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden and Norway, Turkey and Venezuela. It adopted resolutions providing, among other things, for the exchange of current sanitary information, regu- lations governing bills of health and the creation of a sanitary commission to study vellow fever. The high light of this conference came on February 18, 1881, when Dr. to denly emerged, one should not be a “too-quick despairer.” Hardly, one must suppose, can the Chilean gov- ernment condone the outrageous do- ings exposed by Gen. Lassiter. A United States of America.—The twenty-eighth Kucharistic Congress of the Roman Catholic Church is being opened in Chicago today. It will con- tinue to include Thursday. The num- ber of Roman Catholics in the United States is about 19,000,000; the num- ber in the entire world is in the neigh- borhood of 300,000,000. Our balance of forelgn trade for May was favorable to the tune of $38,000,- 000; the first favorable monthly bal- ance since December of last year. Carlos Finlay of Havana, one of the Spanish delegates, announced his fa mous theory that mosquitoes were the carriers of yvellow fever. ight yvears later, when the First International Conference of American States assembled here “to promote the establishment of free commercial in tercourse,” a committee on sanitar regulations was appointed to stud ““the subject of sanitation of ships and quarantine,” and from this, at the Second International Conference of American States, a_decade later, grew the International Sanitary Bureau of the Amerfcan Republics. which for the last three vears has been known as the Pan-American Sanitary Bureau It was at this second internationa! conference of American States that co-operative health work in the Amer fcas got its real start, and saw the groundwork laid for the ambitious program that today is carried out. This conference adopted a series of resolutions and provided that a zen eral_convention of representatives of the health organizations of the Amer ican republics be called by the gov erning board of the International Union of the American Republics | (now Pan-American Union) to meet in Washington within a vear to con clude such sanitary agreements they deemed advisable. This con ference also was to provide for sub | sequent meetings and name an exec | utive board which would sit until new group was elected at a following | conference. In December, 1902, the conference | opened here and organization was ef fected. Surg. Gen. Walter Wyman | of the Public Health and Marine Hos pital Service was named chairman of | the International Sanitary Bureau then, as now, an agency to co-ordinate and supervise sanitation activities ir | the Americas Six Conferences Since Then. Since that date there have been siv international sanitary conferences in various countries, at each of which health problems have been taken uj deep study made of disease preven tion and recommendations formulated | for submission to the several cou | tries for incorporation in treatles such |as that built on the Pan-America: | | | sanitary code. The question of stamping out dis ease, and particularly of preventing the spread from one country to an other, has been attacked virtually from everv conceivable angle, with the result that the activities of these conferences, growing from vear year, have become almost illimitable At the last of the conferences Havana in 1924 even prohibition was gone into, the conferces recommend | ing to American governments the in portance of campaigning against alco | holism through legislation and educ | tion | Social diseases also have come in for | a large share of attention and promise | also to occupy an fmportant piace in | the deliberations of the next interna tional conference scheduled in Lima Peru, in 19! Will Go to Lima. It is to the Lima conference alsc that whatever recommendations are | decided upen here are expected to be submitted before they are presented to the various countries for action Surg. Gen. Cumming, as director of the bureau, will be in charge of the ses sion here, and his notable list of asao ates in the bureau also will be in at tendance. These are Dr. Mario G. Le bredo, director of Las Animas Hospital of Havana, honorary director of the bureau: D D. Long. assistant sur geon general. Public Health Service vice director: Dr. Francisco M. Fer nandez, professor of the faculty of medicine and chairman of the Society | of Clinical Studies of Havana. secre tary, and the following members of the bur Dr. Gregorio Araoz Al faro, president of the National De partment of Hygiene of Argentine Re public_and, professor of the faculty of medicine of Buenos Aires; Dr. Al fonso Pruneda. secretary of the Na tional Academy of Medicine, Mexico City: Dr. Raul Almelda Magalhaes secretary general of the Department of Public Health of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro. and Dr. Carlos E. Paz Soldan, professor of hygiene of the faculty of medicine of Lima, Peru Cairo Hvld Laziest Capital in World Cairo is possibly the most romantic probably the most evil and certalnly the laziest great capital in the world | For evidence one need only go to the | st of holtdays. This list is extraor dinary. In the first place, Cairo of ficially recognizes no fewer than thre calendars—Moslem, Christian _and Orthodox. In other words, the Mos {lems have a day off on Friday, the | Christians on Sunday. the Orthodos |on Saturday. Tt is absolutely impos i sible to get any work done here from | Thursday till Tuesday. But that is not all. Owing to this complexity in calendars, there are tv | Christmases, two Easters, two As- | cension days, three New Year days, besides an inextricable welter of Mos | lem religious holidays. In addition | the Moslems have a number of special feast occasions. One is called the | Ramadan and lasts a whole month | Altogether, it is calculated that Mos lem holidays alone take up 117 days of the vear. Strange Tribu;lalgits In Antique Disputes One of the strangest tribunals England sits at regular intervals in an upper room at the corner of Kins street and St. James' street west, in the center of the great art world of London. It is the antique dealers’ “High Court of Justice,” to which any of the 550 members of the British Antique Dealers’ Association has the right to appeal. Its judges, who sometimes number as many as 20, include some of the world's greatest experts on precious stones, old china. tapestries pictures and antique furniture. Djsputes arising out of the sale of an antique of more than ordinary Im portance are often referred to the court for arbitration. and if they think fit, the judges have the right to call in independent art experts. Tt is to protect the interests of an tique dealers and safeguard the honor of their industry that this tribunal has been established. in Uls!e;' More Temperate. ‘The people of northern Treland have greatly reduced their consumption of aleohol. In 1914 the consumption per head was three-quarters of a gallon It was last year only one-quarter of « gallon, or almost exactly equal to the English consumption and less than half that of the Scotch. The reduc tion is partly due to the high price of whisky, which has been more than quadrupled. It is also partly due to the restrictive liquor legislation of the northern government. n