Evening Star Newspaper, June 20, 1926, Page 50

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. —— WASHINGTON, D. C. BUNDAY..cees....June 20, 1926 -— THEODORE W. NOYES .Editor -— 2 2 B ¥he Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: . 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East #2nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Building. Turopean Office: 14 ‘Regent St.. London, Eogland. The Fvening Star. with the Sunday mom- g edition, is delivered by carrer within e ity at 60 cen’s per month 45 cents per month: Sunday only, 20 cents per month Orders may ho sent by mail or lephone Main 6000, Collection is mude by sacrier at the end of each month Rate by Mafi—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ailv and Sunday. .. .1 yr., $9.00: 1 mo.. aily only 1yr. $6.00: 1 mo. Sunday o 1yr..$3.00; 1 mo All Other States and Canada. Baily and Sundas. 1 sr.$12.00: 1 mo. $1.00 Iy on i) 00 . ise unday only 13 3500 1 mos e 78 £8e Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press i exclusively entitleld %0 the use for republication of ll news dis- Paiches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and also the local newe Dyblished herein. All rights of publication ©f apecial dispatches herein are also reserved. e The German Plebiscite. is voting today to deter- me the disposition of the property of the former rulers of the empire. A campaign of bitter contention has been waged on this subject for weeks and now comes the plebiscite, upon the results of which may turn the fate ©f the republic. The most intense partisanship manifested throughout the discussion. President von MHindenburg hus aligned himself with those opposing confiscation and hinted at his retirement from office if the vote favors the seizure by the state of the estates of the former Em- peror and other members. of the no- bility. It s stated in some of the dispatches What the leading opponents of contls- cation have advised their followers to abstain from voting. on the principle that there is no justification fo® the submisston of the question to popular referendum; that the title to the estates cannot be brought iito ques- Gon. 1f that is the case, the result ©f the vote will be overwhelmingly in favor of the seizure of the properties, for the proposal has appealed strong- 1y to the mass of the people, who feel that in some way they may be re- Ueved from the burden of taxation through the taking over of the estates by the government. An attempt has been made to give thie vote the aspect of «u test of the sentiment of the people regarding the form of government, empire ov repub tic. This, however. is not the case. There is no sign that opposition to ihe confiscation plan is in any large degree artuated by u desive to revert to the former of government. Naturally. the hists, who de- sire to see the imperial rule re-estab- lished, are opposed to contiscation. But many others who would resist mon- archism are in opposition to the tak ing or the properties, on the ground that the estates belong to those who have neld them for a long period, re- gardiess of the system of government under which they were acquired, and that therefore it s contrary to moral- ity to tuke them Just where the line may be arawn between the of a ruler as suct as is extremely difficult flere in this country te of the individual is held regardless of the office which he may hold. It has been acquired through his indus- try bequest. 1In lands of long established monarchial rule, however, tne cstates of the ruling caste are in origin, obtained Joyment Germany has been mode mon property it mine and a en to det the personal es sacred. or by many cases of publi 1 prevogitives of ~ i vial countries ddings of the confiscated in to th innent perhaps of successors in office and power. In Ger- muny the revolution was accompanied no such measure of retribution. “I'his present vote is the flrst case of record of a submission of the question to popular will. It comes tardily, sev- eral years after the overturn of the government. It is therefore a unique spectacls in history. VFears of the collupse of the Ger- in consequence of this are probubly base- The German people are appar- eutly content with their present mode of governm Liowever they may ex- press themselves on this present issue. Should confiscation be voted and car- ried out by means of legislation there ¥ be a monarchial reaction, which, however, cannot succeed unless there 18 a profound change in the sentiment of the people. e R 1g caste have he past. ent by man Repul t of sentiment nt It Washington’s & ned 1! club seems deter- demonstrate versatility ing from one end of the league list to the other n to its SR T The Dead Engineer Blamed. After examination of the circum stances attending the wreck at Blairs- ville, Pa.. Wednesday night, in which fifteen persons lost their lives. rail road officiuls have announced that the rear-end collision was caused by the engineer of the following train run. ning past flares set on the track by ine brakeman of the forward train, which had been halted for the repair of an air hose. The “human error” thus preclpitated the catastrophe. It 0 happens that the engineer who dis- obeyed orders is dead, having been killed in the collision. He tannot be called to account for the wreck in a human court But what of the system that impels engineers of railroad trains to make the best time possible, to take chances in order to make schedules? What of the administration that neglects to adopt measures of safety that prevent the “human error” and compel obedi- ence to the supposed rules of security, rules thet are written and printed, but that are transgressed by train Arfvers because they know that the callroad administration expects them to take chances? The margin of safety on a railroad line when tralns ave run under clome Qully only. | headway is slender. The ignoring of one signal may mean disaster. Whether by day or by night the only course of security lies In implicit obedience to the tower arm or light. The traveling public is given to under- stand that under the operation of the visual signal system only one train is permitted at a time within a *block” of track. In practice it frequently hap- Dens that more than one moving train occupies a single block. There is Ho physical barrier to the following train. The engineer “uses his judgment” in fact. though not in theory. “The engineer is dead.” that phrase occurs in reports of rail- road wrecks! Did the man in the cdb deliberately risk his own life, out of a spirit of dbravado, or in contempt of rules? Was his vision obscured, or did he remember that the engineer who brings his train in on time is rated higher than the one who, by a strict observance of the regulations, may bring it in tardy, but always safe, un- less some one behind him gives him a bump? The man in the cab should not be made responsible, should not be held accountable, when it is possible by the installation of a mechanical device to prevent the occupation of a single block of track by two trains at once. And refusal or neglect to install such a system on the part of the railroad corporation relieves from any engineer whose train is wrecked, all responsi- bility for disaster such as that at Blairsville. It is the living director of the corporation and not the dead en- gineer who is to blame for the deaths. - ————— Honorariums. to-do is made over that members of 1ave accepted “honorariums” from the Anti-Saloon League for speeches. There s no occasion for any sensation whatever on this score. The fact has been well known for a long time that speakers on not only the prohibition question but other topics have cefved pay for their services, some times liberal pay, sometimes only enough to cover thefr expenses of travel and subsistence. And there is no warrant for the belief ghat such persons as put a price on their ora- tory are merely proiessional advo- cates without sincere conviction the matters which thleyv present their hearers. It may be recalled in this connection that William Jennings Bryan, while a member of Congress, made o sional speeches for which he was paid & commiseion, or honorarium, or fee. He did not at that time command the hearing or the price that later he re. | ceived, when he had become famou | While he was Fecretary of State he iw casionally took the platform to ad- | dress audiences. for a consideration, 1is fees from his public speeches were a considerable part of his income i likewise to that prictically all the Con | gress who are members o the legal | profession continue their practice dur- ing their congressional careers. They appear in court not only during re- cess of Congress, but during the ses- slons. They take cases for fees, of course. Nobody questions their right to do so. Nobody moves to inquire into such a course. The only question involved in this matter is as to the sincerity of those who for fees make speeches or delive lectures on the subject of prohibition. Do they speak what they believe to be true, or what they are paid for saying? Those who ask that question may go further and ask whether all legislators always vote as they sin- cerely believe, or as it pays them po- litically to vote. The honorarium given to & legisla- tor who goes forth upon the bustings in any cause is given precisely as a ! fee is given to any professional speaker | who charges for his services. Nor is e reasonably suggested that | of the vecemt ' |k secret frow the | order that Lelief may prevail that the | speaker is actuated only by his sin- | cere desire to spread the truth. Very few people mnowadays are worlking for nothing. Very few speak- ers are orating without some form of compensation. Whether they are legis- lators or plain citizens, those with the gift of fluent and forceful speech are entitled to their compensation for the time and energy. spent in the delivery. Of course it Will be interesting to Know the sources of the funds from which these fees are paid. And again, it will be interesting to learn the gource of the funds that are being ex- pended to maintain the elaborate or- ganizations which are fighting prohibi- tion and the enforcement of the eight- eenth amendment and seeking modifl- cation and repeal. Let there be light upon all these questions! e —raon—s Edward L. Doheny, ofl multigil- | tionafre, has received the degree of doctor of laws, but it is not thought that this will materially reduce the item for legal retaining fees in his annual budget. st If the record for touring around the world is broken by the latest seek- ers after fame for quick travel, the | next question to arise will be how to { lower the cost, not the time. How often Much closure the Congress dis- re- in to is be recalled of members the tact foe is nce in { | Tax Bates and Yields. | Despite the latest reduction in rates, | internal revenue collections for the fiscal year soon to end have thus far been greater than during a similar period a year ago. The figures for the eleven months of the fiscal year end- ing May 31 show an exceas of nearly $200,000,000 over last year. Is this because of greater prosperity | and hence u greater valume of in- { come? Or is it because the taxpayers are rendered more liberal and painstaking toward the Government by the repeated reductions in the rates? It is @ well established fact that lower rates yield larger returns. Everybody buys more at lower prices than at higher. Taxpayers, being merely human beings, are quite as likely to buy ease of conscience more freely at the lower rate of taxation than the higher. The phenomenon of lowering rates and rising yields is not new. It has been experienced in the matter of “customs’ dues. Tn the framing of tariff schedules consideration is al- ways given to this factor. Is the rate to be a revenue producer? Then at what flgure is it to be set to yleld the maximum of revenue? Is it to be prohibitive, in order to close the American market entirely to foreign goods? Then where is it to be placed to effect that result? Tax reduction is not effected by rate reduction. That iv evident by the experlence of the Government during the past three years. The question now is whether another re- duction, such as is hinted as part of the administration’s fiscal program, will effect a still further increase in the total yield. If so, a fourth reduc- tion of rates may be in order in the near future beyend the third, * . Father’s Day. ‘This is “Father's day.” No blare of trumpets sound, no fireworks are discharged, no bands of music sound their strains. No wreaths are lald upon monuments. Just a brief pause of thought in honor of the men who head the families, the husbands and the fathers. Why especially note ather’s day?" Probably because nearly every- body else s commemorated and it s only just to devote a certain day to the wage earner, the breadwinner. But this recognition comes a bit tardily, for nowadays Father is not the only breadwinner. Daughter is working, too, and supporting herself, in some cases is supporting a family of her own. And Mother is working, in many instances, and earn- ing almost if not quite as much as Father. But duy Father is entitled to in the year when the thoughts of people are turned to the question of parental responsibility. Father to day somewhat different from Father of half a century ago. He s as a rule more of a comrade than a mentor. e is in many cases more juvenile than his own son, just as Mother is apt to be younger in spirit his one than her daughter. Father dances nowadays, at a later age than in other times. So does Mother. Father wears knickerbock- ers with as jaunty a grace as do his vouthful rivals upon the golf links. Just so are Mother's skirts not much if any longer than are Daughter's. Father has some difficulty in keeping up with Son in the matter of knowl- edge of the latest ideas in social economy. He finds Son is setting the pace for him in styles. But Father manages to get along, somehow. He has lis worries, ainly about household expenses and family budgets. He has to keep his checkbook balanced, against the ris. ing tide of living costs. His Income may not keep pace with the increas ing demands made upon him. But he sets his jaw and carries on, be- cause it i his job. Father fs usually referred to by Son as a “good scout” in the matter of allowances and extraordinary gramts. For rarely does Father for- get that he was once a boy whose chief anxfety grew out of his lack of funds. Of course, Father has his limits. He tries to keep within them. If he is wise and discreet he will bring Family around to his point of view by persuasion and kindly dem- onstration. Tt is rare that arbitrary denfal without justitication carries the day. So this is Father's day Just a brief pause in the rush of things to remember that the old gentleman is often very much of a hero, though too modest ever to consider himself as such, too intent upon making good to recognize anything out of the ordi- nary in the daily discharge of the biggest job any man ever had, that of being the right sort of Father to a family. e e Russian radicals threaten to call a world strike because Great Britain | has protested the sending of funds to the idlers of that country. It would be interesting to hear such a sum- mons sounded from Moscow, just to see how far it would be heeded [ ) Perhaps the British Liberals will be willing to compromise their differ- ences by securing the appointment of David Lloyd George as ambassador to Moscow. e O e Congress has finally passed a chil- dren’s aid law for the Capital without provoking the secession of New York from the Union. et SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Steady Employment. Oh. 1 1ong to be a statesman With a flerce, ambitious-thrill With a mind that's ever active And a voice that's seldom still! Though there come to other toilers Hours of duliness now and then, He may ever be accounted ‘Mongst the busiest of men For the world is glad to listen To the man who wants to teach— And, for my part, T'll be ready Any day to make a speech An Utter Goth. at pianist wear very long hair.” “I'd do the same if I played the kind of music he does,” answered Mr. Cum- rox. “And if the long bair didn’t ex- clude the noise I'd wear earmuffs, too.” A Kicker by Habit, “That man began to kick the minute he entered the office,”” sald the hotel clerk. “Yes,” answered the proprietor, “he behaves as if he had always been used to the worst of everything.” A Mysterious Difference. The reason no one can explain; He is a fool Who seeks it: The slang that'’s harsh from Sarah Jane Is cute when Mildred speaks it! The Amenities. “1 like people who always tell me the plain truth.” said the idealist. “F'm not sure that T do,” rejoined Miss Cayenne. “I'm a little disap- pointed if people don’t indulge in the conventional falsehoods sufficisntly to show a care for my good wm." BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of Washington. The Soul's Hunger. Acts, xvii.23: “As I passed by, and beheld your devotions, 1 founi an altar with this inscription, To the Un- known God." Every one of the great cities :ncient and modern has had its tempes and monuments witnessing to its balief in divinity. Man's search for God has marked every period of his history. “My woul is athirst for God” was the cry of the Psalmist, and, expressed or unexpressed, it has been in the soul of every generation of man since time began. “Man is incurably religious. When St. Paul entered Athens he witnessed a city of unusual splendor fllled with rare works of art. The noble figures of Minerva, Jupiter, Mercury and the Muses, the creations of Praxiteles, adorned the splendid thoroughfares. He saw the great tem- ples and public buildings that had been called into being by the master architects and artisans of a glowing period. Coming to the Agora, or great market place, he doubtless heard the orators and statesmen, the poets and artists who were wont to assemble there. On a lofty eminence he came to the great Court of Justice known as the ~Areopagus ,and, climbing still higher, he reached the crown of Athens known as the Acropolis. He witnessed on every hand the works of man's genius and skill, and again he saw the evidence of devotion to ideals fn the many altars that were reared to the dejties of the far-famed city. When at length an opportunity was afforded him to address the curi- ous crowds that had assembled to hear some new thing, he began his remark- able address with these words: “Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too superstitious. For as I pussed by, and beheld your de- votions, T found an altar with thi inscription, To the Unknown God.” Taking this strange inkcription as his theme, he boldly declared, “Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, Him declare T unto you.” The address {s one of the notable ones that proceeded from this extraor- dinary man, and so compelling wus it that it aroused the deep interest as well as the curiosity ol those wh heard it. What amazed the apostle was the fallure of the cultured peo ple of Athens to readily apprehend God. The situation that confronted him was net unique to that period. Stevenson once declaved that there ix a manifest God in the world for those who care to look for Him. No matter how man may gratify his artistic tastes or his love of ‘the beautiful, through the creation of the works of his own hands, there is ever within him a longing for that which alone satisfles the deeper passions and yearnings of his soul. To use the language of another, he will mot rest until he finds his peace in God. Two of the greatest tiinkers the world has known who once walked and talked in Athens, namely, Plato and Aristotle, had attempled to teach the reality of a divine and beneficent Being. Not until Jesus Christ tuught the imminence and reality of God wus man’s faith more than a vain specula- tion. Not until He came as the Great Interprpter did man have any ade- quate revelation of God's purpose and plan concerning His children. Not until He afiirmed man's immortality was the hope of life beyond the grave more than an lnstinctive human con- celt. Even the Scriptures of the Old Testament furnish but an inadequate and imperfect explanation of the will and purpose of the Kternal Fathgr. He used homely and understandable expressions to convey to the mind of man ' that which hitherto he had dimly comprehended. The benefi- cent” Father” full of love and for- giveness for His erring children Is the revelation writ large on the page of the New Testament. e are build- ing today a new world, a world more wonderful and more fascinating than mankind has ever known. It becomes increasingly evident that we shall not satisfy the finer aspirations and deeper yearnings of this new world | unless we make more evident to men that which speaks of God and Iis will concerning His children. It is safe to say that in no age has there been u greater soul hunger than in the pres ent one. The world may be less given to the things of formal religion, but | o a| it is by no means less given search for that which answers and satisfies its spiritual yearning It i3 unthinkuble that we can get on | without God The most tragic situ ation that could confront us today would be a Godless Natlon or one in which devotion was expressed to an unknown God. Our whole life, po litfeal, social, commercial and domes- ic, demands the intelligent and un ailing worship of a God wi pres ence is felt and whose are obeyed in all the concerns and prac tices of dally life, Br out for knowable and understandable iod, and Le found the expression of his highest hopes in the person of Jesus Christ “'Tis the weakness in strength that I cry for! my tlesh, that I seek In' the Godhead! 1 seek and I find it O Saul, it shall be Fuce like my face that thee; aMan lfke to we, A Thou shalt love and be loved by, for- | ever; a Hand like this hand Shall throw open the gates of new life to thee! See the Christ stand!” Regulating Electric Carrier BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Regulation of its issues of securi ties will be one of the experiences of the new electric power transmis sion industry, if any lesson has been learned trom what has gone before in connection with other public util ities. Such regulation has heen the latest innovation of Government in connection with public servants, Al though some years have passed since Federal, State and local governments have visited strict regulation upon rates and practices of ruilrvads, tele- phone, telegraph, steamship lines and other common carriers, these conk pantes until comparatively recently were permitted to do as they pleased in respect to issues of stocks and bonds. They could issue practically bt p ot Whe ‘hatever they wished and what t ‘p‘:::;le would buy. This policy not infrequently has led to disaster through overeapitalization The entering wedge to regulut of security issues was driven when the courts took the position that the volume of outstanding securities con- stituted a factor in determining what rates should be allowed to pay a fair return. Utilities took the position that they were obligated to the pub- lie, through stock and bond issues, however large or unwisely made. to | pay a return on this indebtedness. Were this position to be accepted it } ust then -become the duty of the { regulatory authorities to see to it | that properties were not overloaded with obligations. Regulatory Laws Enacted. Such @ state of affairs has resuited in the enactment of laws giving regu- Jatory bodies power to control seouri- ty issues in 24 States and in the Dis- trict of Columbia. The transportation act gives the Interstate Commerce Commisston power to regulate the {s- sues of raflroads engaged In inter- erce. g c%fczh« regulations of the isslons can be classitied Some of them merely proval of the uu‘uwn Such ap- ies be given to the issue. : :\n)\vn,l 1:11xmed on the general flnan- Mal condition of the company, wheth- er it already is overcapitalized or not. 1f approved, the utility companies can do about as they like with the pro- ceeds of the sale of the authorized stooks or bonds. A second class cifically. The comm precieely spent for. ice commissi million-dollar definitely prescr! require that ap) s handled more spe- - ission prescribes shall be blic serv- jght authorize a Taua for & utility and ibe that th‘e‘ mm::dy 10 pe used for acquiring ad- rli‘t‘::nul needed lpro‘v:‘ny‘." f&xq pr'f:-n ension, Struction, aition fo existing plant, for discharge of ohugatlonsaa&m;mr;‘ imbursement of money expen ot or for improvement and mmh rvice. In such cases t ; utility may use the funds for “r;° other purpose, and any other would nullify the Buthorfl)}; i To will thercfore b e crossins ser- nsmissio fl‘llegglle lines are likely to run ln:.)r; regulations as to sa:{ur@lot‘s; “i:m;e-! ot both classes, unless, gt Feds statute has not ;{:num:rgen enacted into law. Supervise General Financing. The commissions also fix the n‘f; at which the securities may be :A;u and, in general, supervise the gluan il fnaielng, blan B of nnancing ity. BTt e ot S RS fed. N "T s :)e ‘fdenm the regulation of issues ‘been the these security o ically uniform ac- getting up of oL bry throughout the coun! et i s, 4L tes have g of public :’i‘:;;\]:; ‘Association of Rallroad ?‘:g Utllities’ Commissioners has w?‘r out the mnational system of uniform in use. M'x.?ho: “:xle:\g a.:d growing power indus- try Is finding itselt born into a world o e rroundad Dy precedents is_surrous S e framework of a machinery especlally adapted to its control in the erest. ; pl’;‘!:,l:cs(un:' of Pennsylvania probably has gone flrther! than any other tate in planning for power .dfll Mllh’ tion. Pennsylvania's com- prehensive plens would provide for & glant power board, with authority to issue permits for construction and operation without which a power com pany would be helpless. These permits would cover power stations in the coal flelds operating at a capacity of not less than 200,000 kilowatts und transmission lines of not less than 110,000 volts capucity at location, fixed by the board. The gencrating compa nies would have authority to mine coal. produce the current and sell it to the transmission companies, all un- der regulation. These transmission powers under the plan would be classed a8 common curriers. They would transmit current to local dis- tributing companfes. The Pennsylvania Plan. Three general classes are recog in the industry under the Pennsyl vania plan: Iirst, the generating of the power; seconc distance trunk line trunsmission, and, third, the local distribution. The di viding line between major and minor or_distributing lines would be 25,000 kilowatts under the plan. No cor poration would be permitted to en gage in all three branches of the industry simultaneously. Proviston is made for rural elec- tric districts and for mutual associa- tions. The mutual assoclations would be voluntarily formed by users of power. The franchises granted to such organizations would run for G0 years, the Government retaining an option to take them over at the end of that period All of this administration in the hands of the Public Commission. which would have to regulate and revise contracts cilities, service rates and pric Methods of accounting would be pre- scribed und security fssues controlled. Muintenance of facilities and amorti- zation of debt would be supervised. An important point in the Pennsyl- vania plan which mAy serve as a model for other States is that power companies would be permitted to carry power across State lines with- out express permission of the au- thoritles. The State is jealous of the energy created within her borders and the theory is that no power should be exported to other States unless the home State has her full requirements. Treatles or compacts with affected States would be entered into before power would be furnished. THINK IT OVER The Real Teacher would be Servi power 1 By William Mather Lewis, President George Washington University A teacher is one who teaches. This seems to be a self-evident proposi- tion and yet a great many members of educational staffs do not measure up to this standard. It is one thing to assign so many pages of reading or so many prob- lems to a pupil and then to ascer- tain by rule of thumb what his rec- ord is for the day. It fis quite another thing to lead the student through the pages of the problems 80 that he knows what it is all ahout. Some so-called teachers boast of the large number of pupils who have failed in their work. They forget the sound educational prin- clple that “where nothing is learned, nothing is taught.” A distinguished cler(fymul once said, “I have instructed the sextor that when the congregation goes to sleep he shall wake up the minister.” When the average of faflures in a class is abnormally high, some one should wake up the teacher. The most influential member of any community is the real teacher— the teacher who stimulates curlosity, 2 love of learning, renl mental con- trol and high ideals. Many a suc- cessful man looks back with affec- tion to some teacher who quickened into life his best qualities, who led him away from absorption in the petty and the commonplace to the hills of vision. SBome day we will get away from the policy of bullding elaborate and ornate school buildings—show places that flatter local pride—and devote the major part of our educational fund to decent remuneration of real teachers, realizing that in the hands of our teachers lie the business and social and political fortunes of future vears. (Coyright. 11-';0.) ) o veceives the major or long- | 1926—PART 2. . Capital Sidelights | Besides being Congressman, judge and colonel, Ernest W. Gibson of Brattleboro, Vt., 18 now also a doctor of laws. He recelved this honor last Thursday from Norwich University, at Northfleld, Vt., from which institu- tion he received his B. S. degree in 1894 and his A. M. degree in 1896. Representative Gibson is one of the most earnest friends of the National Capital on the House District com- mittee, and has been chalrman of the special subcommittee which conducted hearings for two months on municipal administration then, admitting that they “had oanly scratched the sur- {uce,” recomnmended the appointment of a special joint committee to make @ thorough and systematic examina- tion during the Summer. He is u boyhood schoolmate and playmate of President Coolidge. They spent one year together at Bluck River Academy ‘before Mr. Gibson went to Norwlch University. | This institution where he received | his preliminary instruction which stood him in such good stead as com- manding officer for two years over. seas of the 172d Infantry, and which has now conferred on him the hon orary degree of doctor of laws, is one of the oldest military institutions in the country. It runks next to West Point. It has been on the preferred list of military institutions under the War Department for a very long time. It educated some of our best generals not only in the Union Army but also |of the Confederacy. * * and Just as Maj. Gen. Gorgas won en |during fame by cleaning up the Panama Canal Zone of mosquitoes ver. so the mosquitoes that e ing the marines at Quantico to be exterminated. Bpeclalists | from the Bureau of Kintomology® of the | Department of Agriculture have r | cently been in conference with €ticers of the Marine Corps, concerning the advisability of attempting to control | the Quantico mosquitoes by applying | ursenical dust to breeding places by means of airplanes. k%% That the Cimberland pike was the |r start of the Vederal good roads system that now networks the entire country, with a total expenditure of | $548.000,000 of Federal funds and four | times ax much. or more than $2,000.- 000,000, by the several States. was em phasized by Senator Oddie during con sid ation of the Fed 1 aid highway | legisiation ~which recently passed | Backtracking this legislation. he ex- | plained that “FFederal aid was inaugurated under . 1] aid road wct of 1816, This huwever, the first participa by the Federal Government in {road building. As early as 1803 Con- gress plunned the Cumberland pike, running from Cumberland, Md. to Vandalia, 1ll. A few vears later it authorized the construction of the pike with Federal funds alone, at & cost of {about §8.000,000. < ly after the pike was con structed, it was turned over to the States, which in turn passed it on to toll compunies. And then for half a century the much vaunted ‘local control’ was given an excellent ‘try jout.” The only free highways for years were impassable in unseasonabl, weather. The free highways were ir fact the byways. ‘In 1893, two vears after the States hegun i re; 0ad coustruc- tion, Congress appropriated $10,000 to establish the office of road inquirs which proceeded to ‘inquire’ for eight | years " | “What is & Democrat?” Among niany recent efforts to word a succinct definition there has appearsd in the | Congressiopal Redbrd the following | written by former Senator Robert L. Owen of Oklahoma: “One who believes in freedom speech, in freedom of the press freedom of religion. in the equal of every person to 1ber: the pursuit of happiness, and who be- | | lieves in the principles of the Constitn tion of the United States properly in terpreted. One who believes in the | fullest protection of property right | but who does not regard the prope: | rights of one class of citizens as supe. |rlor to the rights of life and liberty of another class of citizens. “He favors just laws bearing equally on all classes with special privileges to none. He favors a tariff for reve. nue, knowing that a tariff for revenue properly drawn is higher than the dif- ference in the cost of proc fon at home and abroad. He opposes tariff | kchedules which prevent importation {and prot American monopolies from reasonab) ompetition. He favors the ot nomy and the lowe: t consistent with efficient admin |istration. He favors a government | truly respousive to public opinion. He of in hts sty - | opposes unfair trade practices and the | that in his illness Mr. Blaine will have abuses of private monopoly. He op poses all attempts of welf-seeking in- terests to control the operations of the Government to private advantage at the expense of the public. “He opposes the Republican par<y, because he believes that that party, in spite of & large, liberal membership belleving in democratic principles, is really dominated by the influence of national monopolies to the disadvan- tage of the majority of producers and consumers. “A Democrat may be a Catholic or Protestant, Jew or Gentile, of any race whatever, and a Democrat may either favor the Volstead act or oppuse the Volstead act. He is a lberal us opposed to ultra-conservatism. here are many shades of democ- racy, but the great body of democrs is composed of the woderate liberal elements of the country whose con- structive purpose was demonstrated they had power from 1913 to * x In support of legislation for the Fredericksburg and _ Spotsylvania County, Virginia, battleflelds me- morial. Representative Schuyler O. Bland has prepared a history of' this territory with intervesting comments upon the herofc exploits that tran- spired there in the early days of American patriotism, copies of which are going into thousands of schools throughout the land and espectally throughout the Old Dominion. Tepresentative Bland calls * % at- sylvania and Fredericksburg are re- minders of their colonial ancestry, for Spotsylvania was named after Alexander Spotawood, one of Vir- ginfa’s most energetic and capgble colonial governors, who had been wounded at the Battle of Blenheim, who served Virginla as its governor for 12 years, who, by reason of his energy in establishing smelting fur- naces in Virginla, was nicknamed “the Tubal Cain of Virginja,” who led a party of 60 men across the Blue Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley, who continued to live in Virginia after his removal as governor in 1722, who, as Postmaster General of the American Colonies, had by 1738 secured a regular mail service from New England as far south as James River, and who, In 1740, died in Virginia and was burifed on his estate of Temple Farm, near Yorktown, Va., where 41 years later were enacted the closing scenes of the Revolution. Fredericksburg derived its name from Frederick, Prince of Wales, son of George the Second, and traces its history back to May, 18671. At this place the news of the Battle of Lex- ington, on April 19, 1776, and of the removal of the gunpowder from the magazine at Williamsburg on April 20, 1775, resuited in the assembly of more than 600 armed men from the town and surrounding country who prompt- l% offered t| fll:.hm defense of the in Williamsb: for eelony. b MEN AND AFFAIRS BY ROBERT Another of Hawall's volcano chasers has been visiting Washington the past fortnight. This time it is the most eminent of all the volcanologists, Dr. Thomas Agustus Jaggar, jr., who lives for and by the volcanoes, not only of his beloved Hawaii, but all over the world. Out In Hawail Dr. Jaggar lives at the voleano house, which overlooks | a living crater qf constantly boiling lava. ‘The good doctor has lived so long in a volcanic atmosphere one ex- pects him to breathe fire and sulphux- ous fumes, but, conversely, he is mild of manner, soft spoken and possessed of u particularly attractive personal- ity. There are no visible scars of his { constant contacts with the fiery mountains, his hikes across hot lova beds and his neverceasing search for more and more inside information con- cerning the functions of mother earth “After all {3 sald and done,” remark- ed Dr. Jagger, “we are all of us liv ing on a volcano. The earth i a revolving volcanic mass. Dig down 20 or 80 miles unywhere vou will find the fires. In West Virgin there is a mine shaft some 7,000 feet deep and at the bottom of it the tem perature is very high. It would not tuke much greater depth to reach the boiling point. Hence, the hot springs. “The earth has heen cooling off for mifllions upon millions of vears. The cold crust has been getting thick- er and thicker. No one ean say how many millions of years more it will be before the fires are compietely out it ever. Where volcanoes exist it simply means that there an opening in the crust has been left—a sort of safety valve for the pentup forces within. ‘At the lLoa the 1,500 teet u ccent eruption of Mauna flow averaged about russ and at tmes the on coming wall was feet high. It moved § to § feet a minute It was the most amazing thing in the world to see this wall of glowing rock cross a rowd and then completely | obliterate the village of Hoopuloa. It | suggested an enormous cuterpillar “In Hawali we have ans just as you have ba foot ball fans hLere in the States. | Some of them wouldn't niss an erup- tion for the world Tourists who reas Mauna Lo after the flow be were either grievously ted or Indlgnant. Some them probably wanted their back. With us an eruption is a thing of beauty. not « relgn of terror. Once 1 belleve a tourist did go too close to | a crater and was killed. That was Ms own fault. [e had been suffi clent! W . . However, Dr. Jaggar thinks of all Fifty Years Ago In The Star | our veleano e ball und wme statie dixappol G. Blaine was stricken wi attributed to sunstroke. Sur June he w bout to en Blaine’s Congregational Church Tllness. 08 “Sna ¢ streets was driven to his home an_ omni bus. being unconcious rived. This attack, imm lowing his dramatic speeck in the House of Representativ immediat. preceding the can nominating convention at ¢in nati,at which he was the leading ¢ didate for the nomination, caused sensation in Washington in {ts issue of June 1 'Except 1 the President Lincoln, it that this community wuas never profound!: moved than it was ay by the intelligence that 16 was stricken down by sickne while ent g the doors of t 5 gregational Church abou in the morning and consclous, and, as it was supposed at the point of death during the ¢ Naturally enough, the facts were| somewhat exaggerated, and the case was made to appear worse than it really was, as the sad story passed from Up to lip, and this fact of itself. hardly less than the deep feeling everywhere exhibited, served to show how fully the illustrious invalid is filling the public mind at the present time. From the full accounts pub- lished elsewhere in this paper it will} be seen that the condition of M Blaine, while it serious 1 not without alarming s roms, by no means hopeless, even discomaging 1o those best qualified to judge in the premises. To this we need only :.udl illuess, ¥ 5 the | the sympathy so deep and a hope for his speedy and complete recovery o wide and sincere as to largely com- pensate for the suffering he is called upon to bea ey Further in the same issue The Star says: = eThose Who have carefully watched Mr. Blaine in the committes room and on the floor of the House for a few Weeks past have been fmpressed with the fact that his apparent indifference of manner concealed a good (._\PB] of Nervousness and anxlety. This was probably a mere guess, based on the conviction that no one l',ouhjl possibly \ndergo the mental strain under which Mr. Blaine has labored for weeks without experiencing an anxiety which might be conc l’all‘d.. but Which: would be felt nevertheless. There is good reason to believe that Mr. Blaine was engaged in preparing to deliver a speech today or tomor- row, excelling in dramatic effect any- thing he has yet said in the House. He s sald to have intimated as much to a friend a few days since.” * * % The Republican conventiop met at “incinnati on the 14th of June, |_57F;‘ and two days later proceeded ‘Hayesandto ballot for candidates. Blaine led on the first ba Wheeler. 1o with 285 votes, noi enough to nominate. He reached his highest vote, 308, on the sixth ballot, and on the seventh Gov. Rutherford I3. 384 votes to 351 for Blaine and 21 for| Bristow. The Star in its issue of June 17, 1876, says of the nomi nations: “Whatever individual preferences may be entertained, there can hardly be a doubt that, all things considare the nomination of Gov. Mayes for President is the strongest that the Republican party could make at the present time. As soldier, legislator, governor and citizen, he stands before the country perfectly unassailable. It is reasonable to suppose, therefore, that he will not only be able to rally around his standard all the disaffected and lukewarm members of his own party, but also to bring to the support of its ticket a very large number of voters not mow within its lines, but who stood ready to act with the Re- publican organization In the event that it offered a candidate whose character and record were such as to insure a wise and pure adminis- tration of public affairs. “The nomination of Mr. Wheeler for the vice presidency is hardly less judicial. Strong in his personal and public record, he will be acceptable to the whole country,. while it i claimed for him that his popular in his own State (New York) is so great as to make comparatively eas: for the Republicans the task of carr ing it next Fall. “These are the views wh 1 *h seem services to George |to be ly entertained by those who | itself with. are e of taking a cool and dis- Interested view of the situation, and T. SMALL. volcannes as heing mere or less friend 1y, though it is denied he never sleeps well without kissing Kilauea good night. As volcanoes and earthquakes €0 hand in hand, Dr. Jaggar, graduate of Harvard, Munich and ileldelberg is as much of 4 quake chaser as he iy a lava addict. He has conduoted wolcanie expeditions to Martinique. Vesuvius, the Alen Islands. Japan Costa K ew Zealand and else where, the doctor has vir ly let no well-nwaning volcano @i ry time setsmograph sho rhaky line his heart quickens with delight. Just now the doctor is predicting tmat the Atlantic Oog is by no means safe from quakes. As he expects to spend some lttle time on this coast, perhaps , hope is father to the thought atfimty of t unbroken d and he dog tle K hLearted, whe not 8o very from the Woai Wilson home on 8 street sh to his mother day s pitif + said, t downtown today. T saw the pound wagon, were a lot of aw 1 nic logs in 4 There must have beena. zen, mother,” and they looked so sad. 1 felt sor for the the pound men < - dog. They chased ntil T couldn’t see ther any more, mother, 1 just feit s s - th other I openen the of the wago all out e row the sad Mother 4 there a poor Iy herself el the pussy ou puss; S0l ! t what the poune aid when ‘they returned witk 1e dog and found all the others for John. too, in the wise discre which sone to vouth gone tior times comes L has ot been surprised ators and Rep paid to deliver for the Ant has been whis so1 . und thers was he list made pub Wheeler. The work known ton tures oon Leag pered for no sury ic by Wayne I What fact that i Senator chowing onee 1 much rarer rd” than the Representati both are rated alike on the roll of Uncle (Copyright terests it lec 1026, his and That By Charles E. Tracewell Kittens at play the attention of 1 pleasure in presen charm picture in Mrs. a B. Youn Mre. Young's | d. We therefore, sent us by £ this eity entitled “Pu and fs as ap res [ e paper g 10 see ke s new babi t time out unde: thein a nice little pillows for eact he long one, and one # white s Then Kitty, the mother than she, Sat down close to Marjory under the tree. none proude: The kittens—they romped raced up the track, Chased after butterflies, black Whirled after their tafls and one stood on his head though Mar would not and they yellow and But xed then., them in gentiy d crecp out the ke vour babies —the WOl ater she found them out on the ground Their heads on their mother's breast all sleeping sound. ok %A letter accompanying above verses, Mrs. Young said, 1 part: “Your cat stories are ver: popular in my family and I em takine the liberty of sending vou a Mttls verse—a true picture of the cat tribe fn Clarendon, Va., where Marfor: Floyd Smith holds v She i8 m; baby granddaughter, aud. of course. is remarkably sweet to us all.” Surely there is no wore beautiful plcture in everyday life than tha of children and kittens playing t gether in the garden. Human babies and cat bables—the heart of me and women alike go out to them Even so-called “cat haters” usually enjoy watching kittens frisk around there is something so innocuous i thelr movements. No animal more plainly shows the joy of living tha: 4 the kitten. These little animals, soon to beconie cats, seem to realize that their child hood is to be very short. and therefore they must crowd a great deal of pla: into a little spac A healthy kitten, therefore, is tinually on the move. Now it chuses its tail, an evolution that never fals to elicit the admiration of witchers Chopin wrote: his “Minute Waltz,” i is true, about & poodle dog, but it had better been inspired by a kitten. Kittens are in their hevday in gas dens. They will leap into the air after butterflies. attempt to elimb Then stretehed Io the tention that the very names of Spot- | Hayes of Ohlo was nominated withgladiolus leaves. and flirt in and ou between never growing plan: They ure still a mon * ¥ % 3 Stray Kittens are continually t ing up on one’s doorstep, as if se by a kindly Providence for one tu take care of. In our neighborhood there recentiy arrived a black and white kitten which has been adopted by a neigh- bor, and named, Snookums. Snooks hus bright gray eyes, like steel, and a black splotch on its nose and chin, glving it a comical aspect. Snooks is one of the most playful kittens in the world, without a doubt His particular hobby is leaping after the blossoms of the batchelor’s button He is developing into a great friend of Jack Spratt, tiger cat. Jack is very much interested in the little fel especially when the latter bows up its back and hisses. Snooks has his bright eyes on Jack's long, striped tall, and seems determined to play with it. Whenever the big cat turns his back, Snocks will begin to sneak up on Jack. If the kitten succeeds in making dash at Jack Sprait’s elegant tail, we wonder what will happen then? it is generally admit ve think, thi { if its ticket cannot be elected the vention will have nothing to reprogh It doubtless made the best selectlons possible under ali cir qumstances.”