Evening Star Newspaper, July 26, 1925, Page 4

2 - 155 ARE INDIGTED IN FURNITURE CASE Individuals Accused in New “Trust” Suits Subject to Jail Terms. Br the A CHICAGO, July The Govern. ment took new action today against furniture manufacturers charged with violation of the Sherman anti-trust law, when indictments were returned naming 155 corporations and indi- viduals The naming of individuals makes possible the imposition of jail sen- tences, it was pointed out. Several months ago more than corpora- tions were named in indictments and about one-half of this number have pleaded guilty and been assessed fines totaling more than $200,000. ated Press Today’s fndictments included the| names of corporations indicted before| that have refused to plead guilty, as well as individuals connected with the corporations and officers of various | organizations of furniture manufac. turers which the Government claims | combined to monopolize trade. The corporations named in the new indictments include manufacturers of | dining room and bedroom furniture. Gets 30-Day Sentence. Arthur ( and Rapids, secretary of the National Alliance of Furniture Manufacturers, one of those mamed in the indictme who had been sentenced to jail for 30 days for contempt of court because he retused to take records of the fore the grand jury, was granted a supersedeas and filed a $5.000 bond to carry his case before the United States Clreuft Court of Appeals. | The indictments charged that the | Proposed Federal Statute Would Be Intolerable’ defendants engaged in an unlawful combination in restraint of interstate commerce and with the counsel and | aid of Browp and Willlam H. Coye, | also indicted, an agent for the alli ance, had carried on business in ac- | cordance with an agreement to elimi- | nate and prevent competition Tt also charged that the defendants had maintained numerous organiza- | tions, including the National Council ! of Furniture Associations, National | Association of Furniture Manufactur- ers, National Alliance of Case Goodx Associations, Interstate Furniture Manufacturers’ Association and others. Through these associations it was charged. the defendants held conferences at Chicago, Jamextown, N. Y., Philadelphia and other places in carrying out the alleged unlawful combination Eastern Concerns Named. Among the corporations and indi- viduals named in the dining room fur niture division were Burrows Bros Co., Picture Rocks, Pa.; Crandall Ben- nett-Porter Co,, Montoursville, Pa.; Crescent Furniture Co., Warren, Pa.; Easton Furniture Manufacturing Co. of Talbot County, Easton, Md.; Hem- sing Manufacturing Co., Souderton, Pa.; Home Furniture Co., York, Pa.; Keystone Furniture Co. of Williams port, South Williamsport, Pa,; Henry Kraan Furniture Co., Inc., Philadel- phia, Pa.; Long Furniture Co., Han- over, Pa.: Montour Furniture Co. Montourville, Pa.; Mount Wolf Fu niture Co.. Inc., Mount Wolf, P: Muncy Furniture Co., Muncy, Pa. Penn Furniture Manufacturing Co., Montgomery, Pa.; Reliable Furniture Co. of Baltimore City, Baltimore, Md.; Shrewsbury Furniture and Manufac turing Co., Shrewsbury, Pa.: Standard Table Co., Jamestown, Y.; Henry Steuland Sons, Inc., Buffalo, } 8 Indviduals Indicted. Individuals (dining room group)— Ernest S. Burrows, president Burrows Bros. Co.; Charles E. Bennett, presi- dent Crandall-Bennett-Porter Co.; Ed- ward Spooner, treasurer-general man- ager, Cron-Kills Co.; William H. Kemp, secretary-treasurer, Easton Furniture Co. of Talbot County; M. J. Hintsala, secretary, Faribault Furniture Co.; William §. Hemsing, president, Hem- sing Manufacturing Co.; J. L. Gerber, president, Home Furniture Co.; Val- entine C. Luppert, president, Keystone Furniture Co. of Willlamsport; John R. Creely, president, Henry Kraan Furni- ture Co.. Inc.; Harry C. Naill, secretary, Long Furniture Co.; Benjamin A Harrls, treasurer, Montour Furniture Co.; I. Park Wogan, manager, Mt. Wolf Furniture Co., Inc.; Harry P. Rogers, president, Muncy Furniture Co.; William A. Smith, president, Penn Furniture Manufacturing Co.; John G. Mohlenrich, president, Relfable Furniture Manufacturing Co. of Bal timore City; John E. Keller, secretary- treasurer, Shrewsbury Furniture and Manufacturing Co.; John E. Boher, Shippensburg, Pa., co-partner, Boher & Hosfeld; John Henry Heilman, Montoursville, Pa., co-partner, A. H. Heilman & Co.; Richard J. Keppel, Chester, Pa., sole owner, Keppel & Co.; George W. Schutte, Cincinnati, ole owner, George W. Schutte Furni: ture Co.; 'Arthur C. Brown, Grand Rapids, Mich., secretary, National Al- liance 'of Furniiure Manufacturers; William H. Cove, Grand Rapids, Mich., agent, National Alliance of Furniture Manufacturers. Bedroom Furniture Men Named. Among the bedroom furniture manu- facturers named were Pennsylvania corporations—Bethle- hem Furniture Co.. Bethlehem; Burt Bros.. Inc., Philadelphia; Conewango Furniture Co., Warren and Titusville; Dallastown Furniture Co., Dallastown: Keystone Furniture Co. of Willlam, port, South Willlamsport; Penns: vanfa Furniture Co. York: Shrew: bury Furniture Manufacturing Co., Shrewsbury, Warren Furniture Co., Warren: the Willlamsport Furniture Co., Willlamesport. Individuals — Clarence H. Rurt, president Burt Bros., Inc. Charles Forsgren, manager Conewango Fur- niture Co. Francis B. Neeff, presi- dent Dallastown Furniture Co.; Val. entine C. Luppert, president Key- stone Furniture Co. John H. Kel. ler, secretary Shrewsbury Furniture Manufacturing Co.; Thomas K. Creal, vice president Warren Furniture Co.: A. Thomas_Page, treasurer the Wil. lamsport Furniture Co; F. Kirby Harrls, Athens, president Athens Furniture Co.; John Henry Heilman, Montoursville, partner to J. H. Hefl- man Furniture Co.; F. H. Newmaker, Warren, owner Phenix Furniture Co. New York: Corporations—The Hall & Lyon Furniture Co., Waverly; George J. Michelson Furniture Co., Rochester: Henry C. Steul & Sons, Inc. Buffalo; Tillotson Furniture Co., Jamestown. Individuals—W. S. Hall, vice pres- ident, the Hall & Lyon Furniture Co.; Abraham J. Elias, owner, Buf- falo Furniture Manufacturing Co. Miscellaneous: The Hughes Furniture Manutactur- ing Co., Baltimore, Md., Jacob Hughes, president; Merriam, Hall & Co., Leo- minster, Mass Boy Has 11 Grandparents. PORT ALLEGANY, Pa., July 25 (®), —Charles Willlam Burr, six-months- old son of Mr. and Mrs. Guy Burr, has 11 grandparents living, & record which it is believed few younsters can equal The immediate gran of the boy are Mr. and Mrs. Burr and Mr. and Mrs. Elijah McKer- ney. There are five great-grandpar- ents, including Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Hagen, Mr. and Mrs. Mortimer Bab- cock and Mrs. Sophhh M’cl{h:r\'e)l'é“A great-great-grandmother is Mrs. Eliza. Causer and a g’m~mcwmm i# Charles W, Burr. soctation be- | LUCKY OWNER HAD s s A THE SUNDAY STAR: WASHINGTON. D. €. JULY 2, = “GONE FOR WALK.” When police raided 1621 Church street and found this still working full blast, this note was carefully fastened | to the door: *“Have gone for wa'k to Dupont Circle. Will be back soon.” But the news must have met him half-way, for the author of the note hadn’t communicated with the police early today to find what happened In his absence. CONGRESS LACKS POWER TO BA EVOLUTION, EDITORS SAY HOTLY Invasion of Private Rights, Survey of Opinion By The Star Indicates. i (Continued from First Page.) with equal complacence upon all| theories of which the merely“human | mind is capable when presented as | theories, but that will not keep Con-| : | Prolonged ( gress from inflicting an evolution row upon the District of Columbia if Con gress thinks it can gain a political advantage thereby.—Detroit News Belleves Congress Will Spurn Measure. BIRMINGHAM, Ala., July ‘The proposal to introduce a measure in Congress restricting the teaching of facts relative to the theory of organic evolution could not be taken seriously were it not for the recent spectacle lof people taking it seriously in the Tennessee case. Our Constitution does not contemplate any such inter- | ference with the freedom of opinion and belief. It is not believed that Congress will pass such a measure nor that the Supreme Court would up- hold it if it did. The difference be- tween science and a section of religlous belief must be fought out in some other area.—Birmingham Age Herald. Congress Is Deemed Incapable of Discussion. DENVER, July 25.—In all of the Congress of the United States there are not a half dozen members quali- fied to write to speak intelligently on the dectrines or theories of evolution as applicable to modern education Proposal to have the national legis- lative body take up the question that is agitating the church and scientific circles, and a great body of the public in superficial fashion, should be frown- ed on by those having the interest of Congress itself at heart and by those who would retain among the people respect for religious beliefs. If Congress opens the door it can be said of it that fools rush in where angels fear to tread. Nothing can be gained for religion by such a move, and science cannot be interested in such a debate. Those who have studied deepest the rela- tion of evolution to religion are the ones most careful in their utterances and least anxious to have the question bandied back and forth by politicians and empiricists. Neither science nor religion can gain anything from such practices. True friends of Christianity pray that Congress keep hands off and sincere investigators will ask the same thing. Those only who have something to gain from publicity will seek to stir the political pool with a new and potentially dangerous in- jection.—Rocky Mountain News. Mistake to Curb Scientific Research. KANSAS CITY, Mo., July 25.—It is a serious mistake for a State Legis- lature to attempt to restrict the teach- | ing of evolution or any generally cepted scientific truth in the sup posed interest of any creed. It would be an infinitely greater mistake, an unthinkable mistake, for Congress to undertake to impose any such restrictions, experlence has amply demonstrated from the time of Gallleo down. It s unwise for gov. erning bodies whether of church or state to attempt to interfere with sclentific teaching. Sound sclentific research {s never hostile to true re ligion, whatever may be the appre- hension of those whose interpretation of religion may be disturbed by some scientific_advarce. In the light of history and of Amer- fcan tradition in separating church and state, one cannot conceive of re- strictive leglslation by Congress |against the teaching of evolution. IRWIN KIRKWOOD, Editor Kansas City Star. Public Will Ask Pertinent Questions. 'BOSTON, July 25.—It takes a long time to persuade the world that the letter killeth. It has never been done completely, but the new “ape case’ that has just been commenced in ‘Washington may go a measureable way toward that end, If the great is- sues involved are treated as they ought to be. The stage is set for a much more conclusive examination of the real issues than was afforded at Day- ton, for there, whatever rights the question brought in, the only issue was whether a certain State statute had been disobeyed. The public will set itself to asking what is disrespect for the Bible. Is it the Bible of the Protestant? Is it the Bible of the Roman Catholies? Is it the Bible of the Jews? They are not the same. The public will go a step further in the inquiry forced upon it, and will ask who and what may be that man or men who shall have power to define disrespect? The idea of regulating and confining the thinking of others is grateful to a great many men and women who are satisfled of their own good intentions, but very much in doubt as to those of others. They overlook ane thing however, and that is, that it is a game that more than one can play. BOSTON TRANSCIPT. ‘Would Make Congress “Supremely Ridiculous.” ST. PAUL, July 25.—The St. Paul Dispatch and the Ploneer Press be- lieve all legislation undertaking to re- strict teaching of evolutionary hy- pothesis is unconstitutional; they be- leve that an effort on the part of Con- tosenact an anti-evolution bill jcould have no- other result than to t of our fundamental law in 1791, Wwo years-after the adoption of the | Constitution itself. There can be no question as to the intention of the framers of th ment. Upon the principle tha man was guaranteed the right to wor ship God, or not to worship ¢ a cording to the dictates of his own con- sience, our country has enjoyed a most make Congress supremely ridiculous. | ing by legal provess to force their par. H. R. GALT, Editor St. Paul Dispatch and Pioneer Foreseds Chanc | RICHMOND, If not | directly in conflict with the rights guaranteed under the first amend ment to the Constitution, the proposal violates the principles on which the amendment {s based. It restricts the the office of teacher. It implies noth- ing short of the domination of the|say state by the church, for there is only | Pothesis of science s one step from prohibiting the teach- |in schools and Congress will hs ing of one thing to requiring the |finger in every bureau of State edu tional authority and in every local partment of education. teaching of another. Unless Congress displays common Bense and courage in refusing to con sider this dangerous policy the move- | Wrong. ment may be extended in the name |it to order than if it were to forbid it. gress out of it of a mistaken morality until it pro- | vokes a controvers bitter and as general as that which led to the war between the States. The issue is not one of scientific truth, but of human freedom. DOUGLAS FREEMAN Editor News Lea Sees Large Field For Working Mischief. BALTIMORE, July 25.—There are | many State schools and colleges which receive Government aid largely for ex- tension of agricultural work. While not familiar with their curricula, we | have no doubt that all of them bring to attention the theory of evolution It will thus be seen that Mr. L']\.\'ha\\" has a large field in which to work | mischief, and into which to bring dis- cord and dissensio Of course one Congressman does not constitute the army of fundamen- talists, but_there is apprehension en- tertained that more of them, taking their cue from Mr. Bryan, are getting ready to put the Bible into politics with all those disastrous consequences, fear of which led the framers of the | Constitution to declare that Congress shall make no law respecting an es- tablishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Possibilities of such a development will not lessen objection to the coun sel of those who would give the Fed- eral Government greater control of education, holding out as a bribe in- creasing aid to States willing to ac- cept the money. The mere threat of the fundamentalist is a striking illus- tration of the danger of wholly un- foreseen complications that may arise from these subsidies.—Baltimore Sun. Restriction Upon Teaching Would Grow. NEW ORLF v 25 it would be grave mistake for Con gress to restrict the teaching of evo- lution or any other subject. Should the precedent be established by this restriction it would be only a question of a short time before restriction on many subjects now taught in our schools and colleges would be agi- tated and a liberal college education might only be had through a bootleg college. I NARD K. NICHOLSON, Editor Times-Picayune. Congress Should Keep Its Hands Off. TOPEKA, Kans., July 25.—In view of the language of the Constitution that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise there- of, ‘it would seem that no Congress will dare to pass such a law which will in any way interfere with fullest and freest exercise of the individual belief or scientific investigation in search of the truth in biology. This is a matter about which Congress should keep hands off, We have gotten along very well for more than a hundred years without any law of this kind, and can” get along very well in the future without it. Whether there is any conflict be- tween Genesis and science is not a question to be answered by Congress, legislatures or courts. Churches do not need the backing of Government to sustain their beliefs, and most of them are not asking it. On the other hand, the true sclentist is not trying to make a fight on the churches. All he asks is to be let alone with the privilege of trying to find the truth. The business of the church is not to teach science, but to persuade men and women to a better manner of living. The business of science is not to teach religion, but to make patient investigation of the great book of nature and discover if possibie what its secrets are. H. T. CHASBE, Editor Topeka Capital. Danger to Religion Is Seen in Situation. HARTFORD, Conn., July 25.—The prospect that those engaged in what is termed the war between the funda- mentalists and the modernists may select the next session of Congress for their battleground is distinctly un- pleasant. Religious controversies have no place in the House or the Senate. ‘The Constitution of the United States specifically says that Congress shall make no law respecting an establish- ment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Govern- ment for a redress of grievances. That is the wording of the Articlé g, the first of the 10 original ts te-the Constitution which | singular freedom from strife because | of religious controvers Members of Christlan denomination | al bodies can in no surer way men and women who do not Pres: | their way of thinl Editor Hartford Courant. | See “Odious” On State Rights. BUFFALO, Congress to in ministration erfere with school would be an of the rights of States. frec exercise of religlon and it pre.|would be an equally odious onslaught scribes, in effect, religious tests for |upon the rights of local ciple of home rule that evolution es, the prin let Congress It would have It would have it no less were That is the focu: this controversy in the national form it is ussuming. It is one thing for a single State like Tennessee to write into its books a statute against teach ing of evolution. It was foolish to do it, but it was Tennessee's affair. It was an expression of a Tennesseean trend, not of Federal centralization. But suppose that law had been im- posed on Tennessee by the American Congress? What is now localized would have become a national menace by the very fact of usurped exercise of Federal power. LOUIS B. LANE, Associate Editor, Buffalo Time See Publicity Seekers Back of Movement. DAYTON, Ohio, July An antl evolution bill is to be introduced in the forthcoming session of Congress. Without definite announcement by the protagonists of the cause, this might be assumed to be the case, because Con gress is so filled with publicity seek ers, it could not be otherwise in view of the space given to the trlal of an obscure teacher in Tennessee, and more because there are in Congress, as elsewhere, those who have violent views on the subject. It is well, however, that the Con- gress which will have this issue al- ready has been elected, hecause this in a measure eliminates political align- | ments, which otherwise might be com- pelled. The announcement at the ame time serves to show that the copes trinl determined nothing, though it did, as we have pointed out hefore, raise the issue, which will oc cupy the foreground of politics for « long time. Congress, of course, has no power to write into Federal law the language of the antl-evolution statute of Tennessee. It may, how- ever, reach the same end by defining the limits of school courses in States recelving Federal aid for education, | because extension of that aid is ad- | ministrative under congressional ap- propriation. The proposed bill may or | may not get serfous consideration in itself. Tts mere offering, however, is a blow to the hopes for extension of Federal control of education through a new department, because of the pos- sibilities it indicates or the further apprehension it arouses. CHARLES E. MORRIS. Editor of the Dayton News HOKEY POKEY GIRL SELLS ICE CREAM IN LONDON Said to Be 7;01’6 D;;:ty in Han- dling Wares Than Male Dispensers. orrespondence of the Assoclated Press LONDON, June 30.—The ‘“hokey | pokey” girl has appeared in London | —hundreds of her. The hokey pokey ice cream man arrived three or four years ago, by leaps and bounds, and |is now a familiar sight In any part of | London, every afternoon and evening | during the warm weather. One firm | one has 1,500 men, on three wheeled bicycles, who sell ice cream sand- viches for a penny, and recently another firm, with the same convey- ance for carrying the ice cream packe started with young women as dis- pensers. The contention is made that girls| naturally take more interest in their |work, and are capable of making | more sales because of their ability the teaching of evolution |to make friends more quickly and to | handie the hokey pokey more daintily of 'than their men and boy competitor: 1925—PART 1. wELLs RAPs BRITA'N CQNGRESS TO GET lwhethar atheists, expressly rejecting ON EVOLUTION CASE Writer Declares English Birth Con- trol Law on Par With Tennessee Statute. By Cable to The Star and New York World. LONDON, July 25—H. G. Wells, in a letter published in today's issue of the scientific weekly, Nature, after supporting British scientists in their criticism of “Monkeyville” fundamen- tallsm, twits them and the British government, which he says “is at the present time in almost a parallel posi- tion to the government of the benight- ed State of Tennessee in regard to a similar body of knowledge.” Wells points out that a British health officer who gives information regarding birth control to a patient receiving medical attention at public expense 15 liable to dismissal and sev- eral such dismissals have occurred. Then he continues: “They plead taxpayers opposed to birth control might object to their money going to supply such knowl- edge to people with different views. But that is precisely the arguwent of the Tennessee Legisiature. In all | these matters I am for open and ac- cessible knowledge and free and frank discussion, in Great Eritain as in Ten- nessee. But I submit the elite of British science have no case against the State of Tennessee until they have done something to put our own house in order.” (Copyright. 1925.) DRY DRIVE DELAYED UNTIL SEPTEMBER 1; PROGRAM CHANGED _(Continued from First Page.) a division with Minnesota and North Dakota. The headquarters of the Maryland- Delaware-District of Columbia division continues at,Baltimore, the West Vir: ginia-Virginia headquarters will be at Roanoke, Va.; St. Louls was desig nated as the headquarters of the Kansas-Missouri-southern Illinots di- vision and St. Paul was made headquarters for the Minnesota sec- tion instead of Minneapolis. Headquar- ters for the Georgia-South Carolina- North Carolina jurisdiction was re- | moved from Atlanta to Charlotte, | N. Mr. Andrews reiterated that the 24 | prohibition administrators to be named will have an entirely free hand | in the =election of the personnel with whom they are to work, since they will be held responsible for enforce- ment in their respective districts. That rule, Mr. Andrews insisted, will be applied likewise to the group | heads, who will be assigned as near as possible to each of the districts over which a United States attorney | has jurisdiction. These appointees will be held responsible, in turn, by the administrators for their respec. tive districts and it is hoped that they may arrange closer co-operation be tween the enforcement officials and the branch of the Government assign- ed to the prosecution of violator: WITTNER’S BIBLE AND OATH ISSUES (Continued from First Page.) rights had been restored by act of Congress. The clause was attacked by James H. Garland, afterward Attorney Gen- eral under Cleveland, on the grounds that it constituted a bill of attainer, prohibited in American law, by which men were punished without trial. The punishment consisted in being barred from a Federal job. It obviously was impossible to try a man for something which legally, 50 far as a veteran's civil status was concerned, had the standing of never having happened. After a long fight Garland was sus- tained and the objectionable words stricken from the oath, leaving it ex- actly as it stands on the books today. It may be argued that the words “s0 help me God” mean nothing to an atheist, such as Wittner has publicly declared himself to be, and that if he took such an oath without making clear his position he might be taking a false oath. In these circumstances the nature of the oath bars him from the service and may constitute a “bill of attainder.” The atheist is punished without trial because if he does not take the oath sincerely and without any mental reservation he may be taking a false oath, and he certainly cannot be tried for a crime which does not exist in American jurisprudence- viz, denying the existence of a Su- preme Being. The words “so help me God" at the end of the oath, usually mumbled so rapidly that they are unintelligible, nevertheless are there for a purpose. it was pointed out yesterday in one office which eventually may handle the case, and special provisions are made in court practice for instances witness. Moral Responsibility. A child, for instance, usually is asked simple questions which wiil in- dicate whether it has any aense of moral responsibility to a Supreme Being. Thus the court might ask: “Do you know what happens to little children when they tell wrong stories? If the child should answer: “They g0 to a bad place when they die,” or similar words, the moral responsibility probably would be considered estab- lished. If the child answered that its father would spank it, its avallability as a responsible witness would be less clear. Witnesses of other than Christian faiths often are allowed to Suggest themselves oaths which they consider binding. Thus a comparatively recent instance was cited vesterday where a member of a peculiar Japanese cult was allowed to take an oath which consisted in splitting the head of a live chicken with a knife. The leeway provided by the courts, however, never has found its way into | the Government services which de- mand one oath for all creeds and cults The Constitution states expressly: No religious test shall be a quali fication for any office of public trust.” By this provision, it was pointed out yesterday, it would be impossible to discriminate between a Catholic and Protestant or Christian and Bhuddist | in making a Federal appointment, but THE MORRIS PLAN BANK OF WASHINGTON ANNOUNCES REMOVAL OF ITS OFFICES FROM 13th and Eye Streets N.W. TO 1408 H Street N.W. OPENING ITS HANDSOME, SPACIOUS NEW OFFICES ON Monday, J uly 27th 5% Paid on Savings Deposits Savings Deposits in The Morris Plan Bank of Washington Have Increased 609 Since March 10, 1925 5% on Certificates of Deposit Loans Made for One Year in Amounts $100 to $10,000 For each $50 borrowed you agree to deposit $1 per week in : an account which may be used $100 to cancel the note when due. $300 Deposits may be’ made in con- $500 $10.00 nection with loans on a weekly, monthly or semi-monthly basis. Easy to Pay Loan Deporit $2.00 $200 $4.00 $6.00 $400 $8.00 $1,000 $20.00 $5,000 $100.00 $10,000 $200.00 There are 100 Morris Plan Banks in the United States, and since 1910 these institutions have loaned over 640 millions of dollars to over 3 millions of persons. In the year 1924 all Morris Plan Banks loaned over 120 millions of dollars to over 550,000 persons. THE MORRIS PLAN BANK < Under Supervision of United States Treasury NQW Location: 1408 H Street Northwest VudE‘umilg_l’owertheBadqo(Cndigg_’ all religions, are entitled to be consid ered as a sect may constitute another of the hair-splitting questions brought up by the Wittner case. Contains President’s Oath. The Constitution itself contains the text of only one oath—that taken b the President of the United States This is practicaily identical with the one prescribed in the Federal statutes for all other Government emploves with one exception. The words '“so help me God™ are not included. Thus the framers of the statute saw fit to include a qualification for the Treasury clerk which the framers of the Constitution did not see fit to in pose upon the Chief Executive of the Nation. Presidents have at times voluntarily added the words in tak ing the oath of offices. The late Presi dent Harding spoke them very slowly and impressively when he had repeat ed the text of the oath after the Chief Justice. Another knotty question, it was pointed out at one office yesterday concerns the exact meaning of the word “God.” 1s a specific supernatur al being addressed in the oath, the word being used as a proper name’ Is this specific supernatural being the Hebrew Jehovah, whose promises man in the Old Testament are re deemed by the appearance of a Mes siah as recounted in the New Testu ment? In this event the Divinity could be invoked for aid by a Hebrew a Christian and probably a Moham medan with a_clear consclence, but a much more subtle point would be rais ed in administering the oath to a Bhuddist or a Persian follower of Zoaroster, whose god is expressly a personification of the sun. Religlous Liberty Provided. While the Constitution provides for religious liberty, one official pointed out, it does not impose on the G |ernment any responsibility for per |mitting under the guise of religion - > |anything detrimental to public morals Where they may mean nothing to the | 1¢; doubtful whether a statute could |be overthrown on the ground that it interfered with the worship of some sect, If it could be shown that the sec had not been specifically considered 1 framing the law, since it would be the duty of the followers to make their worship legal. It would be impossible to extend absolute religious liberty this lawyer pointed out, and cited the case of a purported religlous sect or ganized shortly after the passage of the Volstead act, the chief article of faith of which was the necessity of frequent communion. The material of communion was prescribed as rye whisky. A sect might be organized, this man pointed out, which prohibited learning to read. A communicant of this cul obviously would be barred from most | Government jobs, but he hardly could claim that this was a case of religious discrimination, although his disability was rendered necessary by the dic tates of his religion. Some such condition might obtain |in the case of an atheist, this lawyer | satd. Another delicate issue, it was stated wiil be the right of a Government em ploye like Wittner to institute legal proceedings against his employer—as has been done by naming the Treas |urer of the United States one of the Gefendants. Between December 1 and July 1 at least 239 coal mines in tGreat Britain were closed and as high as 200.000 miners were out of work at one time