Evening Star Newspaper, July 26, 1925, Page 34

THE EVENING STAR| With S8unday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. «...July 26, 1925 . Editor THEODORE W. NOYES. The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office 11th St and Pennayivania Ave New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Building. St., London, b2 o 16 Regent uropean Office: 16, Bep with the Sunday morn- st The Evening S TR ing - edition, . 20 cents per month_ Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Main 5000. Collection is made by carrier at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dallr and Sunda....1yr., $8.40: 1 mo.. 70c Di : % 5.:00: 1 mo:. 50¢ oty A ”x’{ 40} 1:ma’ 200 All Other States. Daily and Sunday...1yr., $10.00: 1 mo., Dally only 1 7.00: 1 mo.. Sunday only . $3.00:1mo. 2 Member of the Associated Press. is exclusively entitled 10 the use for republication of all news dis- patehes credited to it or not otherwise cred- ited in this paper and the local news publisned herein. Al rights of publication of apecial dispatches herein are also reserved Economy in Government. Senator Curtis thinks $250,000,000 a year can be saved by a reorganiza- tion of the Government departments. President Coolidge, while represented as doubting if so large a savings can be effected, is deeply interested, has called for an official estimate of pos- sible economies and is intent upon pushing for enactment of the long- pending reorganization measure, look- ing both to more economical and more efficlent government. The figures suggested by Senator Curtis are rather staggering, as no previous authoritative estimates of wastes in the Federal departments had ran nearly so high. It will be ad- mitted, of course, that the costs of government could be reduced several times the quarter of a billion dollars the Kansas Senator promises, but it could be done only at the expense of efficiency and by the abandonment of useful services. Such a program might make possible a big showing in the matter of tax reductlons, but 50 far as the American people as a whole were concerned it would be a case of saving at the spigot and losing at the bunghole. A lot of the sclen- tific work the Government is doing might be lopped off, but that would be an extravagance rather than an economy. Any one at all familiar with this phase of governmental activity can cite numerdus instances where the expenditure of a few thousand dollars of the taxpayers' money has added many millions of dollars’ to the wealth of the Nation. Surely Senator Curtis would not have this work aban- doned; certainly not that part of it which has added so immensely to the wealth of Kansas and other agricul- turai States. That there are instances of over- lapping of Government activities and occasionally of the overstaffing of Government bureaus, no one will deny. Such instances should be searched out and corrected. But if it is possible in this way to save $250,- 000,000 a year the situation is an astounding one and there has been serious dereliction that it was not corrected long ago. President Coolidge is a firm believer in economy in government, and it is in mo small measure because of that belief that he has such a firm hold on the confidence of the people. But he is a believer also in the efficiency of government, and much as he may want to make a record for economy there is no danger that he will seek such a record at the expense of effi- clency. It is certain, therefore, that he will scrutinize any economy pro- gram which is presented to him, to make sure that it is real economy and not parsimony that is proposed. e ©One of the discouraging features of the controversy now raging is that it does not go beyond the first chap- ter of Genesis. The possibilities for dispute. on subsequent chapters are limitless. s In referring with proper pride to the number of degrees with which he has been honored Col. Bryan does not refer in any boasting spirit to Mr. Darrow's effort to give him the “third degree.” o The Younger Generation. No set of people come in for more criticism than “the younger genera- tlon.” If they were not buoyant with vouth, spirit, hope and all fine quali- tles of the Spring of life they would feel not only crushed but flattened. As soon as a man finds a few gray hairs on his temples, or a woman hegins to doétor a wrinkle In her face, they talk about the younger gen- eration and assure the world that voung folk are headed for the bow- wows and perdition. It is an ok story. Very likely whén Hercules ®ot gray and his big shoulders took @ rounded hump he sat at his hearth and sald to his neighbors: “They don't make babies now who could cheke a serpent sent by Juno to kill him because she hated Alcmena. Where are the young men today who would go to the Lernacan Swamp and tackle a hydra with nine heads and put through the other big jobs that Eurystheus bade me?” When that herolc character Tartarin sat among his friends at Bezuquet's drug store in the famous city of Tarascon he was sure that the younger generation could not hunt lions in Algiers nor climb the Alps as he, in his heyday, performed those feats. It is hard to recall a.time when young persons were perfect, as older persons understand perfection. Years ago there were boys in Washington who were believed headed for the chain gang, but who grew up, got on tairly well in life, married and hold offices of honor and no profit in many parks, bear off the flowers and make faces at old policemen, yet Wash- ington has grown and prospered and some of those boys are property own- ers and have the name of being sub- stantlal citizens. Perhaps they say that boys today “are not so gentle, s0 considerate &nd discreet as we when we were boys.” It is a fair prophecy that today's young people will turn out as large @ percentage of decent adults as any other generation. Because of ad- vantages young people have today they ought to turn out a larger crop of useful adults than came from the boys and girls of old. Rather than cry out anathemas on the younger generation it would be better to help in activities of young people, take care that they have good schools, full play space, swimming beaches, base ball and all the things that, so far as a man can understand, ought to help them become strong, healthy, reliant and intelligent adults. Beautiful Men. Women have entered, even invaded, many flelds and workshops once ten- anted only by men, but the worm turns. Men are going into beauty con- tests. There has been a fiction that women stand alone as exemplars and paradigms of beauty. It is a fiction held by less observant persons. There are some persons who have been blind to the grace of outline, the sparkle of eye, the tint of complexion and the sweet expression of the mouth in men. Some of our people have not eve noted with particular appreclation the alluring dimple in a fellow's chin, his arched instep, his dainty ankles and his shellacked hair. In the matter of dress are men dis- tinguished. There are men who will exert their full brain power in the choice of a necktie and show rare taste and splendid perseverance in ty- ing It in a knot which must win ap- proval from the fastidious. No wom- an can take more pains about the cut and fit of her vest than a man will take. When it comes to the question of creased trousers men are superior to some women. That men are taking prizes in beauty shows is a vindication of & sex which has been denied too long the admiration ghat is due it, and which has been content to rejoice in the beauty of the skirted sex and pay for the ice cream and soda. Men have been too modest. Too few have set up a claim to beauty. Every man knows that he is good-looking, and generally that he is deucedly g00d-looking. Every man is conscious of being handsome, and knows the wonderful, secret influence—nay, the fascination—he exerts on women, but he has often stopped short of setting up as a regular beauty. Women are competing with men in so many ways that it seems but fair play that we shall compete with them in a matter wherein they felt secure and believed themselves supreme—beauty. ——— et Earnings of Farmers. A survey just completed by the De- partment of Agriculture shows that during the last year American farm- ers, taken as a whole, earned neither a fair return on the capital invested nor fair wages for themselves, though on both counts they fared better than in the preceding year. The return on farm capital as a whole is esti- mated at 4.6 per cent, as compared with 3.3 per cent the year before. After eliminating capital upon which farmers pald interest, the return is found to be 4.1 per cent upon unin- cumbered capital, as against 2.5 per cent the preceding year. For capital the farmer had to borrow he was re- quired to pay 6.4 per cent last year,as against 6.6 per cent the year before. It will be admitted that 4.1 per cent is a small return for capital actively employed under direction of its owner, but it must be remembered that this figure is for unincumbered agricultu- ral capital as a whole. The unskilled farmer and the farmer of poor land pull down the average, and as there are many unskilled farmers and many farmers of poor land it is evident that good farmers on good land earned a fairly satisfactory return on their investment. One error many so-called friends of the farmer fall into is to compare the success of the average of all farm- ers with the exceptional merchandis- ing or manufacturing success. There are many small merchants and many small manufacturers who earn neither a fair return on their capital nor fair wages for themselves. The real test of a condition is not whether the in- efficient are likely to fail, but whether there is reasonable opportunity for the efficient to succeed. Measured by that test, it would seem that Ameri. can agriculture today lacks a lot of being in a desperate situation. e It undoubtedly is true that in some lines of agriculture unfair obstacles still have to be overcome before the efficient man can be reasonably cer- tain of success, but the situation does not seem to be one calling for philan- thropy on a large scale or for pa- ternallstic assistance from the Federal Treasury. Some of the lines of agri- culture which are successful today were confronted by unfair obstacles a few years ago. Farmers in those lines got together and removed the obstacles, thus opening the way to their present-day success. The lesson is obvious. —_———————— Dayton, Tenn., is now compelled to consider ways and means of utilizing a large volume of advertising which arrived so suddenly as to be a trifle unwieldy. “Made” Land. The statement comes from Santa Barbara that a survey of the rulns made by the city engineer indicates that buildings constructed on solid rock foundations fared better in the earthquake than those built on “filled- in” land. It is obvious that “filled” land is less stable and secure in earth. quakes, and the note that comes from of our assoclations. Girls who rode a “bike” and were the cause of dis- traction to their grandames are wives today who resolutely attend to the marketing and the children and have even the good will of their neighbors. In smeller Washington were boys who would roam the streets in gangs, break wooden palings that fenced the public Santa Barbara is a famillar one. At San Francisco the damage was great- est In that part of the city east from Montgomery street to the ferries, a section through which Market street runs. That is “filled” land. ‘When San Francisco was growing fast and it was felt that it would be- come one of the large cities of the ) THE world, it was thought unlikely that the steep hills north and west of the little town could ever be used to full advantage. As every one knows, most of those hills are closely bullt on. The crests of some of them have been reserved as parks. The cable car in the 70s took the terror out of the hills between the bay front and the ocean and along the part of the bay leading to the Golden Gate. The hill section becgme the favored residence part of the city, though there were pretty sections in the “Mission” be- low Market street, and many of the “first familles” of San Francisco lived there, and no doubt many of their descendants are there now. ' The town becoming a busy city with its center at about Market and Kearney streets, the work of filling in the rather shoal waters of the bay east from about Montgomery street was begun. There was such enthusi- asm in this that speculation was ac- tive In “water lots,” those being bay lots which the fillers‘in had not con- verted into plots of land. When the quake came, which rup- tured water mains and started fires trom gas and electric wiring, the con- tortfon of the land was greatest In that part of the city where bay filling had been carried on in the 50s and 60s. It may be a trifle misleading to say that the greatest damage at San Francisco was in that part of the city built on the old “bay lots.” The richest part of the business sec- tion of San Francisco was there, and with @ quake and the disastrous fire that followed, it was to be expected that loss in that part of the city would be larger than in less important business sections and the lightly built residence sections. It was the old “made land,” though it had about 50 years to settle, which showed most signs of disturbance. The fire swept far out into the “Mission,” where the land showed few signs of trouble. The hill sections showed losses, but brick construction in San Francisco was then much frafler than in Wash- ington. —_——————— The Maccabees find Washington, D. C., an agreeable city, and Wash- ington is enthusiastic in its recogni- tion of the inspiration afforded by the members of the order to mssert itself all the year through as a city of his- toric interest and hospitable enthu- siasm. The time has passed for re- garding this city only as a Winter re- sort for statesmen. . A man who advertises that he does not know what to do with his money is immediately overwhelmed with let- ters from people who have been un- able to do much with their own earn- ing capacity. ——————— The fact that a man is bold in ex- pressions which may be construed as disrespect for the Bible does not pre- vent him from becoming entirely apologetic when he impetuously ven- tures on contempt of court. RS It is any man’s privilege to declare himself an ““atheist” if he is willing to assume an attitude of frank deflance toward some of the most eminent scientists the world has produced. ——————r————————— President Coolidge is regarded as sure for another term, if he wants it. And no one has ventured the slightest suggestion of a reason why he should not want it. e ——r———— School-book authors might have saved trouble If they had —preceded any statements on evolution with the phrase, “it is alleged.” It is only reasonable to give China credit for being able to think up her own troubles without any assistance from Soviet Russia. S SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Unfamiliarity. We very often talk of things ‘We do not comprehend. The Interest that fancy brings A subtle charm will lend. The plain old facts like friends appear ‘Whom we have known of yore But disregard to greet with cheer The stranger at the door. The lesson that we'learned with care In days of studious youth We mention with politeness fair; And yet the simple truth No longer satisfaction brings As arguments expand. We want to talk about the things We do not understand. In Genial Mood. “How did you come to vote for that joker?” “I don't know,” answered Senator Sorghum. “It must have been one of those things a man does impulsively just to oblige a friend.” Attempting Too Much. ““What is your opinion of & motor masher?” “He must be a very silly and dan- gerous person,” declared Miss Cay- enne. “No man could possibly attempt street flirtation and at the same time keep his mind on the traffic signs.” Jud Tunkins says it science is all wrong, colleges are due to refund a terrible lot of money. Things of Beauty. Each month amid the leafy shades New forms appear in flowering grace And as one bit of beauty fades, Another smiles and takes its place. And even when the Winter snow Above them all is rudely tossed, We pause expectant, for wé know That hope is never wholly lost. Not to be Trusted. “Afre you sure this liquor is perfect- ly harmless?”’ asked the eonvivial friend. “Neo,” answered Uncle Bill Bottle. top. “I've been studyin’ licker before prohibition and since, and I never seen any then nor now that wes perfectly harmless.” “Sometimes & man thinks he's makin' a fine argument,” said Unele Eben, “when all he's provin' is dat he has patient friends.” ‘SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, EVERYDAY RELIGION BY RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., Bishop of Washington. A GREAT ADVENTURE. Hebrews, x1.9.—“By faith he so- Journed in the land of promise, as in a strange country.” 3 Some one calls life “a great search for new frontiers.” Our day wit- nesses little of the spirit of adventure, except in the realm of things mechan- ical. The covered wagon and the ploneer are things of the past. The search for new worlds to conquer has been abandoned. No golden spikes are being driven to mark the com- pletion of transcontinental raflways. The seven seas are made populous by fast-moving steamships and on the wings of the air man traverses the great open spaces and brooks without Interference. Where the ways of the earth prove hard andresisting, the open ways of the air know no hindrances and furnish a range for man's move- ments that is free and unrestricted. Even if our age has lost the pioneer it has not lost its love for the spirit of adventure nor its admiration for those who In thelr way ventured forth in search of the unknown. Sfleaklnx of the Pllgrim Fathers Charles Sumner once sald, ‘“They salled in a small ship for 64 days, with liberty at the prow and con. sclence at the helm, and they parted from old environments to embark upon a perilous enterprise.” Their watchword was that given them by their venerable pastor, John Robinson: “If God should reveal anything to you by another instrument of His, be as ready to receive it as it you were to recelve any truth by my ministry; but I am confident the Lord hath more light and truth yet to break forth out of His holy word." The great adventure of our time is suggested by John Robinson's words, ‘The Lord hath more light and truth yet to break forth.” The search for this light and truth is themightiest quest of our time. There are those among us who deprecate any effort to go beyond the light and truth re- vealed to men in the They seem to feel that the last frontier has been crossed, and while there may be a new land of promise ahead, they are satisfied with that which f{s already occupled. Their slogan is, “Let well enough alone.” In spite of all this there are brave souls among us who dare to prove that “more light and truth is yet to break forth.” < Every advance in human history has been marked by opposition and sometimes - bitter controversy. e ploneers have had no easy task. Con- trary seas and unfavorable winds have proved Inconsequential compared with the opposition they met with from their fellows. Had they lacked courage and perseverance, had they refused to seek for some new land of promise, one wonders where the world would be today. He was a wise man who sald, “The highest greatness, surviving time and storm, is that which proceeds from the soul of man."” ‘We have little sympathy with those who would seek to pull down the old and useful fabric before they have created the new. We are indispossd to seek a strange country merely be- cause the one in which we dwell has landmarks that have long been fa- miliar to us. The land of promise opened to men by Jesus Christ has never been wholly occupled and it is amazing how now and again we discover the deeper and finer meanings of old truths with which we have been long familiar. One thing is becoming clearly evident, namely, that the later adventure into the realm of truth is tending to bring us into a finer consciousness of our fellowship, and a deeper recognition of the incomparable character oi the truths given to men by the Supreme Master. Let us be tolerant with those who reverently venture forth in search of the Land of Promise. Let us remember the words spoken by the apostle: “If this work be of men it will come to naught; but if it be of God ye cannot overthrow it; lest haply ye be found even to fight against God."” (Copyright. 1925.) WHAT A WOMAN CAN LIFT BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN How many pounds can a woman lift? This is not a question as to the maximum lifting feat that has been accomplished by the ‘“strong woman” in a circus or on the vaude. ville stage, but has to do with the weights which working women may handle without jeopardizing their health. Five States have undertaken to reg ulate by laws or codes the weights which women may lift, but industrial experts declare that no fair and satis- factory standards have been establish- ed elther in this country or abroad. California has a law which forbids women to lift receptacles which weigh 75 pounds or more. Ohio prohibits the employment of women in any capacity which necessitates their lift- ing welghts of 25 pounds or over. Pennsylvania decrees that women shall not handle cores in core rooms which weigh more than 15 pounds. These are parts of molds used in iron and steel casting. New York in its industrial code, rule 585, provides that women shall not handle cores which welgh more than 25 pounds. Pounds Not Only Point. It is recognized, however, that the problem cannot be solved by writing into a law or code the maximum num- ber of pounds which a woman may lift. A ‘great deal depends upon the way in which anything is lifted, and the distance, reach and stretch which it entails. To lift 25 pounds from one table to another of the same height does not require as much energy and strain as to lift 15 pounds from the floor to a shelf over one’s head. In order to ascertain the serious- ness of the problem the Bureau of Women in Industry in New York State had the figures compiled for a given year of all the women in the State who received compensation as a re- sult of strain from lifting. The year ending June 30, 1924, the 10th vear for compensation cases, was selected for the survey, and the report shows that 100 women recelved compensation of the character indicated during that period. These 100 women averaged 13 weeks disability and the amount of their compensation averaged $109. All of the disabllities were temporary except two. One woman who suffered from a permanent partial disability was employed ifn an hotel and the other in an office building. Almost one-half of the women in- curring disabilities from lifting welghts too heavy for them to handle —46, to be exact—were employed in manufacturing establishments, Thirty- one were engaged in clerical and! personal service, 20 were employed in trade, 2 by public utilities and 1 in building construction. In the manufacturing group there was one case of strain from lifting in each of the following: Foundries, hardware, sheet metal ware, wire, beds, construction, wood turning, confectionery, tobacco, clothing, fur- nishing goods, needle trades, shoddy, cotton goods, woolen goods, ink, soap and paper. In the clerical and personal serv- ice classification the largest number of cases, 14, occurred in hotels and clubs, while there were 13 cases in apartment and office bullding. In the trade group, the largest number of accidents took place in food, department and 5 and 10 cent stores—13 in all. The New York State Department of Labor says that the analysis of these flgures, contrary to expecta- tion, shows that the problem of lift- ing heavy weights does not lie wholly in the manufacturing group, but rather it lles with women who are doing cleaning, those acting as wait- resses and carrying heavy trays, janitresses who set out ashes and women employed in stores who lift heavy boxes from shelves and replace them. - “It is doubtful,” says the teport, “whether laws or codes could ever be made which could regulate with any degree of justice the question of lift- ing. It becomes practically a matter of personal equation and a matter of knowing how to do it. The fact that many of the strains from lifting accidents fall into Industries where welghts are not heavy is an Indica- tion that perhaps distance, reach, stretch, etc., have more to do with the accident than the actual weight. It becomes, therefore, a matter of teaching women how to lift with the least possible exertion.” ‘War-Time Standards. During the World War, when thou- sands of \women went into munition ts or undertook other work ordi-| E‘:r'x‘ly performed by men, the problem the program submitted by the labor group in the first national industrial conference, called by President Wilson in October, 1919, and the second con- ference adopted the following recom- mendation: ““Women cannot enter industry with- out safeguards additional to those pro- vided for men, if they are to be equal- ly protected. The danger of exploiting their physical and nervous strength with cumulative il effects upon the next generation is more serious, and the results are more harmful to the community. Special provision is need- ed to keep their hours within reason, to prohibit night employment in fac- torles and workshops, and to exclude them from those trades offering par- ticular dangers to women.” Work Equal to Men. The war experience proved that under the stress of national necessity women could do almost any kind of work that men can do. Handicaps theretofore accepted as insurmounta- ble were overcome quickly and easily. Hampering skirts and petticoats were discarded and the overalls of the male workers were adopted. In the matter of inferior strength, inventive genius came forward with a machine or a method that minimized the physical demands upon the worker. If it was a question of environment, of moral and sex hazards, to which, under the old order, common acceptance had ruled that women should not be sub- Jected, then society immediately reared around woman workers a pro- tective wall of sentiment and public opinfon. It was found that many occupa- tions had been closed to women for no reason other than tradition or custom, and it was also found that women excelled at tasks at which it had been believed that only men could be proficient. Contrary to expectations, it was found that standards of productivity were raised in many instances, in- stead of lowered, as a result of the introduction of woman workers into industries theretofore reserved to men. This was notably true in Eng- land, where low wages and unsatls- factory working conditions had re- sulted in a deliberate program of re- stricting production on the part of man workers. Women went in and speeded up the output untll men were shamed into increased effort. At the present time women who are leaders in activities for the welfare of their sex are more concerned in putting over the equal pay for equal work principle than they are in bring- ing about legal restrictions upon the weights which a_woman should be permitted to lift. They say Yhat when a4 woman does a man's job she should get & man's pay, and that she her- self is the best judge as to whether a task she tackles is too great a strain upon her strength. Mussolini Aide Stirs Italy With Editorials Political life under a dictatorship such as that of Mussolinl may tend to become dull. But a daily fillip of interest is provided by the editorials of Farinacci, secretary and “vice boss” of the Fascist party, in his newspaper, Cremona Nuova. From the day he made his national reputation by urg- ing that machine guns be turned on members of the opposition parties he has rarely failed to contribute some- thing to keep Roman hearts aflutter. Recently he has been hurling his thunderbolts against men who, he alleges, inspired the accusation of complicity in the Matteotti murder against Senator De Bono, whom the Senate has acquitted. In a recent six- column headline he remarked: *“We cannot and do not wish to protect the caluminators of Gen. De Bono.” Since it is Farinaccl who orders the Blackshirts to hit or not to hit, the remark might seem to have an authoritative character, He con- tinues: “The government must find the means to withdraw from circula- tion some 20 figures” among the op- position leaders. The language may seem vague to a foreigner, but to Italians it is likely to sound all too precise, “Withdraw from circulation has been Fascist slang for anything from “arrest” to “assassinate.” Re. actions to Farinacci's daily threats are mild. Many Itallans say that he is simply “letting off steam” but is too sensible to resort to violence. Others feel that it is impossible to throw so much poison gas into the air without of conserving their health was regard- ed as of as much importance as the matter of thier compensation. In the proclamation creating the National War Labor Board, as one of the basic principles upon which industrial con- troversies were to be settled or ad- justed, it was stipulated that women must not be allotted tasks dispropor- tionate to !::ltr l:{lln‘lh. £ The reconstruction program Federation of Labor includ- ‘workers strong, healthy, sturdy and intelligent men and women.” Substantinlly the Naame j.vowivn aiy G, cvatad o expecting casualties. Legations Contrast. Although France was victorious and Germany was vanquished in ti World War, signs in Sofia might make one think that the reverse was the case. For instance the Germans have recently acquired a new lega- tion situated in the center of the h(:'n‘ ‘They patd $560,000 for the uge and grounds and are making extenglve repairs. France :ulrdly“ uitable for .huu. s present French & uwm buy a2 new building, ~heaiL L ey b . The to t the necessary n&;wnmlu- 1s | the women of tha D. C, JULY 26, 1925—PART 2. Capital Sidelighis During these Summer months, when the tourist camp is crowded almost to capacity and when the family flivver makes almost daily incursions upon the suburbs, O. P. Hopkins, assistant chief of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce and one of the most practical, knows-hls-job men that Secretary Hoover has working with him, pertinently calls our attention to the fact that we are the world’s most inveterate motor fans. In these 48 United States—conti- nental United States—we are consum- ing 79 per cent of all the gasoline that all the world uses. Here in the United States we drive four cars to every sin- gle car driven anywhere else in the entire world. After extensive research, Mr. Hop- kins calls attention, by way of striking illustration, that throughout the United Kingdom, which is the next largest consumer of gasoline, they use only about 7 per cent of the gasoline we do in the United States. In China in a whole year they use just as much gasoline as would last us eight hours in the United States. The gasoline trade has grown enor- mously in the last 10 years, Mr. Hop- kins emphasizes. In 1914 America produced less than 1,500,000,000 gal- lons, and last year the production was more than 8,950,000,000 gallons—just a trivial increase of some 500 per cent. ‘We sold $160,000,000 worth of gasoline to other countries last year. Of course, our motoring proclivities are alded and abetted by our good roads system, which stretched out last year another 10,000 miles of Federal- ald roads. Perhaps you don’t know that a 175,- 000-mile Federal highway system, which is to serve as the main road system of the Nation, has been decided upon and that more than 46,000 miles of this are now in service. Rk Because of its great delicacy and the difficulty of transporting the mango- steen a long distance, Queen Victoria once offered a handsome reward to the first man who succeeded in placing a dish of this most famous fruit in the world upon her table in Buckingham Palace—but the reward was never won. The President of the United States has offered no such reward, but one humble, but very persistent, worker in Uncle Sam’s service, Dr. David Fair- child, after many years of tireless ex- ploration and fleld study, now aims to place this deliclous delicacy on the White House table within 10 years. Not only that, but to make it available for you and me who will never sit at the White House table. In this ambition Dr. Falrchild has the support and encouragement of his chief, Dr. Willlam A. Taylor, who s in charge of the Bureau of Plant In- dustry, and who for more than 30 years has been supplying us with new and improved varieties of foodstuffs, based on the world's experiences. Dr. Taylor has given us improved varie- ties of the avacado, the disheen, a number of varieties of dates, superior varieties of olives, jujubes, grapes and many other fruits and vegetables. What about the mangosteen? It's un- like any fruit cultivated in the United States. For many years it was thought it could not be cultivated outside the Asiatic tropics. It can only be grown where the temperature never drops below 35 degrees above zero. It is the size of a mandarin orange, deep pur- ple externally with a thick, woody rind. Within are segments of snow- white pulp of extremely delicate fla- vor. When he was still a very young man, Dr. Fairchild became interested in the mangosteen. He made expedi- tions into the Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra and elsewhere. He would not rest content until his experiments proved that he could grow this fruit in the West Indies, and with Dr. Tay- lor’s co-operation, plantations of young trees have been started in the Canal Zone, Costa Rica and Honduras. ‘With the advent of refrigeration it has become possible, Dr. Fairchild and Dr. Taylor agree, for this delicata and delicious fruit to be brought to the American market from commercial orchards in tropical America. * ok % % Members of Congress delight in boasting about their home towns and their environs. Representative Isaac Bacharach, who, with his brother, did more than any other two men to make Atlantic City the Summer playground of the Nation, is no exception. Just now he is making a double-barreled brag. First he is gleefully proclaiming that the modern prototype of the mythical moon-jumping cow has made its first appearance at Atlantic City. Of course, he exaggerates a bit, be- cause milk has not actually been’ car- ried over the moon, but it really was carried from California to Atlantic City by airship, during the national certified milk scoring contest. The milk was drawn from a “bossy’”’ near San Francisco on a Friday evening, and reached Atlantic City on Sunday morning. This new “milky way" was carried out as a demonstration of expedited service for an essential food product. Then, Representative Bacharach is cheering more soberly and impressing upon his colleagues the importance of the action taken in presenting a copy of the Declaration of Independence and of the Federal and State Consti- tutions to avez grammar school grad- uate by the State of New Jersey. He explains that provision for this great patriotic work which is bound to raise the quality of citizenship was made at the last session of the State Legisla- ture. He also finds reason for grati- fcation, and suggestion of good e: ample, in the fact that dental clinics in schools and pensions for school medical inspectors and for janitors in- Jjured in service were also provided. * ¥ % ¥ Schools are vacation—most places, but—-— Edward C. Finney, Assistant Secre- tary of the Interior, under whose ad- ministration the national parks come, and John J. Tigert, United States com-- missioner of education, are co-operat- ing in ploneer training for a new pro- fession. You see, new jdeas in edu- cation are constantly being advanced to meet changing conditions of human soclety. Recently we have had a growing demand for leaders in nature study for Summer camps and resorts. To ald in supplying this need opportuni- ties for special study are being offered in various sections of the country. The Yosemite School for Field Natural History was opened in the Yosemite National Park this Summer. The number of students was limited to 20 and two years of college work re- quired for entrance. The Museum of Natural History, New York City, has just established in the Palisades Interstate Park a museum of live insects to offer fleld instruction in entomology. A course in field biology at Nawaka Lodge, in the Allegheny Mountains, is conducted this Summer by the University of Pennsylvania. ‘That course is pro- moted by the Pittsburgh Nature Study Club, composed of city school teach- ers. in * ks Uncle Sam, who, by the way, is one world's most prolific publish- ers, bout to put out a new edition of one of his “best sellers”—which be~ came exhausted some 15 months This book is larity gives us- encouragi: “:nm'm" jves eneou: that “baking day” is m“u:- impor- tant institution in very many Ameri~ MEN AND AFFAIRS BY ROBERT T. SMALL. It is not difficult to understand why President Coolidge has remained aloof from the Dawes campalgn to change the rules of the Senate and has even looked upon that campaign with some misgivings. The President believes in the Senate as a “cltadel of liberty.” He belleves it was constructed under the Constitution to protect the rights of the minority. That is also the Senate's view of itself and that is why some of {ts rules were adopted 118 years ago and have remained virtually unchanged to date. Senators who are opposing the new Dawes “plan” are holding hard and fast to some abstracts taken from the inaugural address of Mr. Coolldge when he was inducted into the office of Vice President four and a half years ago, and became the presiding officer of the Senate. Reading that speech in the light of what Mr. Dawes is trying to do is a revelation of the Coolidge attitude. The tribute to the Senate of the man who {s now President contained these significant sentences: “Five generations ago there .was revealed to the people of this Nation a new relationship between man and man, which they declared and pro- claimed in the American Constitution. “Therein they recognized a legis. lature empowered to express the will of the peop's in law, a judiclary re- quired to determine and state such law, and an executive charged with the duty of securing obedience to the law, all holding their office, not by reason of some superior force, but through the duly determined con- science of their countrymen. “To the House, close to the heart of the Nation, renewing its whole membership by frequent elections, representing directly the people, re- flecting their common purpose, has been granted a full measure of the power of legislation and exclusive authority to originate taxation. “To the Senate, renewing its mem- bership by degrees, representing, in part, the sovereign States, has been granted not only a full measure of the power of legislation, but, if possible, far more important functions. To it is intrusted the duty of review, that to negotiations there may be added ratification and to appointment ap- proval. “But its greatest function of all, too little mentioned and too little under- stood whether exercised in legislating or reviewing, is the preservation of liberty; not merely the rights of the majority—they need little protection— but the rights of the minority, from whatever source they may be assailed. “The great object for us to seek here, for the Constitution identifies the vice presidency with the Senate, i8 to continue to make this chamber, as it was intended by the fathers, a citadel of liberty. There is no legislative body in all history that has used its power with more wisdom and discretion, more uniformly for the execution of the public will or more in harmony with the spirit of the authority of the peo- ple which has created it, than the United States Senate.” Mr. Coolidge concluded by express- ing his pleasure at taking up the duty of presiding over the Senate “agree- able to its rules and regulations,” and referred to it once more as “a great deliberative body, without passfon, without fear and unmoved by pas- sion.” In poignant contrast to the above, Vice President Dawes took up his duties March 4 last in a mood that was anything but igreeable to the rules and regulations. He wants a nate moved by the same clamor This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. Recently in this column I enum- erated some of the virtues of the garden, among them naming patience as one of the best. As Summer wears on. one is more impressed than ever with the fact that patience is one of the necessary vir- tues of gardening. Without patience Nature herself could accomplish nothing, for she is unwearied in doing good, if given plenty of time. Unlike the magician, who will pro- duce a rabbit out of an empty hat in the twinkling of an eye, Nature takes weeks, even months, to bring forth a small flower, or the flower-spike of the Gladiolus. This is part of the Great Plan, and until the gardener can learn to make himself one with this design, he will not wholly enter into the spirit of the garden, nor begin to get from his work the basic satisfactions. These basic satisfactions include the enjoyment of beauty, freedom from hurry and worry, appreciative wonder and intelligent discrimination. All are the result of patience, for without this cardinal virtue nothing comes to life in the garden. Patience carries with it, too, that wonder- worker, Hope, lacking which nothing here below amounts to much. If one have Patience, he will also have Hope. * % * % Does this seem a great deal to get out of the dirt, the rain and the air? Truly the Creator works in m terious ways His wonders to perform! Out of such uniike things He brings forth glorious colors, triumphs of form, beauties that strike the be- holder with emotions that surprise even himself. If this were not so the garden would not have the infinite possibilities it now holds for those who approach it with their minds as well as with their hands. = “Gardening With Brains” is the good title of a good book by Henry T. Finck, showing the necessity of doing more than merely dig 'é!h a trowel in ardening. B One msy bring into his garden not only the necessary physical work, time and money, but also must bring, if he is to get the most out of it, all the qualities of heart and mind which he sesses. m!‘f he does not do so he is apt to be a stranger in his own plot of ground! Many there are who ramble around in their own gardens much as spec- tators do at a circus, seeing every- thing from the ‘“blood-sweating Be- hemoth” to the bearded lady, without taking away with them any definite impression of anything. here were so many things to see, and such unusual things, that no time was left for intelligent considera- tion, real appreciation, honest wonder, but all was hurry and scurry and amazed confusion. Too many people so approach their gardens, and so leave them, missing every opportunity to use their h ts and minds on their flowers, as well as their muscles. * % % X Have patience, then, in your own garden, Do not even allow the chil- dren to hurry you. Take time to stand and wonder. Day after day goes by, and week after week, before the gdadiolus oot ki ‘Wh long until the buds show their eolor, and but a short time, then, until the flowers begin to expand. This is the patience of the garden, a virtus which sinks deep into the heart of the gardener, enabling him later, in the other affairs of life, to [ have it on tap, as it were, as the n demands. K lines does not result in similar beauties he does not worry, but simply feels that the blos- : time 45 postponed, that sways the House and expressing alone the will of the majority. But without President Coolidge's support it is difficult to see where he can make much headway. Kven against such a combination the Senate still would stick to its guns, unabashed and une afraid. s e Clarence Darrow nounced by Willlam Jennings Br as the arch agnostic of all tim seemed very much at home down a the Scopes trial in Tennessee. One night in a mood of self-revela- tion he told why. He began his career as a lawyer in Richmond, Va. It wasn’'t much of a career, so far Richmond was concerned, but at the onetime capital of the Confederar there was born in the attorn great spirit of tolerance, his philos ophy of live and let live and his of his fellow man—love for eve except Mr. Bryan, into whose a the agnostic avers he will continue to refrain from throwing himself. “After graduating in the West " said Mr. Darrow, I began ¢ around for a city which mignt a lot of litigation and a very lawyers. Richmond was and that is why Southerner. to live at Richmond with which had the most {rreproachable ancestors, an immense amount of pride—but very little of anything to eat “It was soon after the Civil War in Richmond. There were cemeterie for the Union dead and for the Cox federate dead. the Union ceme tery I noted the Federal Gov had marked each grave with of Chicago, des and his rank and regiment Confederate cemetery it wa different. Most of the graves b only wooden markers and many the names were gone. “Union born and bred th was, I was filled with a grea ment. The soldiers of the fighting for what they great cause, as great to them the cause of the North “Why, I asked myself, sho: not receive the same honors z paid the men of the North “I began to see the point of view, and I never hav to see to this day. Richmond me more than riches.” S Dudley Field Malone of New tells with great literalism of Mr. Bi the late President “Mr. Bryan, is literal,” “That he believes the woi ated just 6,001 years, t half months, two weeks ago, on Wednesday central standard time LR And concerning the solemn some persons at the Dayton Malone recalled what Don Pia related of Thomas Corwin, one-time governor of Ohfo. Corwin it seems, was lecturing Piatt on his disposition to joke with a crowd. “Don't do it my boy he said. “You should remember that the crowd always looks up to the ringmaster and down on the clown. It resents that which amuses. The clown is the more clever fellow of the two but he is despised. “If you would succeed in life you must be solemn, solemn as an ass. All the great monuments of earth have been built over solemn asses. Fifty Years Ago In The Star The great panic of 1873 played havec with business generally throughout Newspaper the country. and among the victims i Were numerous news Mortality. [ie T Which were compelied to suspend publication, most of them never to revive. In The Star of July 19, 1875, is the following about the mortality in the ranks of Ameri can journalism during the preceding year: ““The insane desire of the American people’ to start newspapers is pretty well shown by the statistics of journal- ism in this country for the year 1874 Notwithstanding the discourageins facts that more than 1,000 papers went out of existence during the g that many others were materially re- duced in size, that circulations have generally fallen off considerably and that the expenses of publishing have largely Increased, while profits have greatly diminished, it yet appears during the same period of time new papers have been established, started, rather; for there is a great difference between starting a news paper and establishing one, as many an ambitlous gentleman has found to his _cost. “But the significant feature of this long death roll is found, not so much in the number of papers that have dled during the past year, as in the vast sum of money sunk in the va rious experiments. It is ascertained that in the aggregate about $8,000,000 have been lost to all parties interested in these defunct publications, one ven ture alone carrying down with it nearly if not quite half a million. Yet, in face of this melancholy exhibit, per- sons are still to be found who are will- ing to risk their means in an enter- prise that is always hazardous and, a rule, only moderately profitable even/ when successful. For, while it is true that a few of the newspapers in some of the larger cities make money, and some of them a great deal, it is equally true that a majority of the papers in the country make little or none. In- deed, the statistics show that the net profit on the whole capital invested in newspapers in the United States does not equal 13 per cent per annum, to say nothing of time and valuable serv- ices frequently given in such a way that they cannot enter into the ac- count. “From this showing it is clear that business men do not as a general thing go into newspaper ventures on sound business principles, any more than they would regularly embark in the purchase of lottery tickets be- cause large prizes are occasionally drawn. This view of the case is borne out by the fact that a majority of the men who ran these thousand papers into the ground either had a hobby or a grievance of some kind, or a spe- cial speculative scheme to promote. The rest were mostly amateur journal- ists, who left other pursuits under the hallucination that they had peculiar gifts for newspaper management, or who were led away in the beginning of their career by the ignis fatuus of literary ambition. An analysis of their antecedents shows that of the number 275 were merchants, mostly with speculative tendencies, 345 school teachers, 90 lawyers, 10 farmers and about 100 young men of no previous occupation, who were set up in the business by indulgent parents or on thelr own inherited means. “It s not surprising that they failed. Indeed, it could hardly be otherwiso with most of them. Successful news- papers can only be established nowa- days by the expenditure of a large amount of money, and In one of two way! t, by actually paying up and putting in bank an almost ex- haustless capital to be dr“;n up‘::. and printing an expensive, first-class plp-'w}rom the start, regardless of profit or loss, and, second, by begin- ning in a small way and changing the character and enlarging the scope of the enterprise as success may war- e