Evening Star Newspaper, July 12, 1925, Page 30

2 THE EVENIN( ‘With Sunday Mo STAR WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY . ....July 12, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company i Dusiness Ofce: 1th St and Pennssivania Ave New York Office: 110 East 42nd St Chicago Office: Tower Building European Office: 16 Regent St., London, England. The Evening Star. with the Sunday morn- tng edition. in delivered by carriers within the city at 80 cents per month: daily only, 45 cents per month: Sunday cnly, 20 cenis ~r ‘month. Orders may be sent by mail or phone Main 5000 Collection is made by carrier at the end of each moath Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. .1yr.$840; 1 mo. 131 £6.00° 1 mo. $2.40; 1 mo., T00 s0¢ 15rl X All Other States. d Sunday $10.00 $7.00 $3.00 1 mo 1 mo Imol, 1st. 150 845 Member of the Associated Press. ted Press is exclusively entitled publication of all news di patchas credited to it or not otherwise cre in this paper and inhed herein. Al ial d The Real Issue at Dayton. All is set for trial at D heen chos cution with the so-called evolution Tenn The jury has en and tomorrow the prose- open the case in court, T. Scopes charged with having violated the law of the State by teaching school children that man is descended from a lower form of life, The defense will challenge the right of the State Legislature to enact such a law and will at the same time set up the claim that the defendant did not teach that man is thus descended from the lower animal kingdom, but that he taught that human life is the resuit of an evolution, not neces- sarily from a particular form of in- ferior existence. The real issue in this case is not whether human life is an evolutionary form of existence, whether the biblical statement of the origin of hu- man life is correct. It is not the ques- tion of science or religign. It is the Qquestion of the right of the State to determine the manner and form of public education. No jury can answer the question of evolution or settle the issue of fundamental belief. Twelve men chosen from the neighborhood cannot pass finaliy and with determi- nation upon a a theory of science. If John T. Scopes did teach evolu- tion in defiance of the law of the State—a question of fact that can without doubt be determined—he has violated the law. A verdict to that effect will then be rendered. But that does not answer the major question of the right of the State to enact such @ law. It cannot answer the question, which no court can answer, as to,| evolution. An extraordinary public interest has been aroused by this case, but, un- fortunately, it is inspired by a mis- conception of the nature of the pro- ceedings. Strict religionists and be- lievers in evolution are equally mis guided by their own imm&diate con- cern in the issue of belief, and they fail in many cases to see that real point of the case is one of law, whether @ State can control education in detail and establish by law a form of religious belief. So that whatever happens t6 Scopes at Dayton, later will come the real | test of this case, not before twelve furors from the farms of Tennessee, but before nine jurists representing the highest judicial responsibility and capacity and speaking in their decision expounders and interpreters of the Constitution of the United States, ton, will John s a in or doctrine or Now that the souvenir market for milllon-mark paper currency notes is entirely saturated, Germany is, with very satisfactory results, turning her attention to more substantial lines of finance. ——— Rockefeller Sells His Homes. The weakness of the inheritance tax system is illustrated in the transfer, Just announced, of four dwellings by John D. Rockefeller to his son. These four residences are the only homes of the aged multi-millionaire, being locat- ed in New York City, In Pocantico Hills, N. Y.; in New Jersey and in Florida. The consideration for them is stated | at “in excess of $3.000,000," a sum which, it is believed, is less than the value of the second-named establish ment alone Denial is made by a representative of the purchaser of this property that its transfer by sale was for the pur- pose of avoiding the inheritance tax, but the belief nevertheless will gen- erally prevail that such was the ob- Ject of the transaction. Had the prop- erty been acquired by will the new owner would have had to pay a Fed- eral tax of 40 per taxes in New Jersey and New York Under the a transfer of this character, if effected within two years of the death of the original owner, is subject to suspicion. The heir must prove, if the consideration named is ot commensurate with the true worth of the property. that the deed was not glven “in contemplation of death.” Even though a longer period than two vears has elapsed between deed d death the Government may set up a claim of “contemplation of death. But who is to prove the state of mind and the purpose of the seller of the property? ‘“Contemplation of death” is & succinct description of purpose, but it is difficult of establish- ment as a tax-dodging motive. - In this case, without much doubt, the elder Rockefeller is contemplating the event of his death. He is 86 vears of age. His expectation of life is slender, But he may live for another decade, law o carefully is his health guarded, so | systematic is his regimen. Again, he may pass out within a year, so naturally feeble are his vital forces. 1f a person who has passed into the range of decline cannot transfer any of his property without suspicion of seeking for the sake of his heirs to avoid the inheritance tax the law is, indeed, harsh. Must there be con- tinuous, unavoidable property owner- ship up to the hour of death? Cannot the responsibilities attaching to pos. session and title be tranaferred? It is T return to the colors and help build up an organization. Permanent headquarters either at St. Louls or Chicage constitutes one of the objects of the present drive by Mr. Debs and hin followers. Arn- other is the establishment of a party organ, to spread the doctrine of so- clalism and to present the Soclalist position on the various political prob- lems that arise in this country. An ambitious program, perhaps, particularly in the United States, where socialism has made less appeal than it has in some of the countries of the Old World. Soclalism has had difficulty thriving in a country where the hod carrier of today may become the millionaire of tomorrow. With opportunity for advancement con tinually knocking at the door the peo- ple have been less willing to barter their chance of material gain and per- sonal success in life for the dead level proposed by the Socialist. Mr. Debs and his followers have di- conceivable that a man of great wealth should look forward without “contemplation of death” in the sense of the law and endeavor to relieve himself of a burden of ownership. The excessive percentage of the in heritance tax is without doubt an in- ducement to a wish to clear an estate of the burden of assessment. Forty per cent is an enormous share for the iovernment to take. The motive for such @ system is either to secure { heavy revenue or to cause the break- ing up of large estates. The latter savors of socialism, a policy which this Government has not adopted in principle. It is pointed out that In this case an actual consideration has passed be- tween the father and son, and that the former’s estate is not reduced in monetary value by the transaction, so that in the event of his death there will still be an inheritance tax upon the price paid into the estate by the present purchaser, 40 per cent of '§3,000.000, plus the State taxes. If the the | cent and the State consideration is a fair one there has | rmerely been a shift in the form of the estate, from real estate to cash, prob- ably otherwise invested. In all probability this present tran ter will come in for examination later, when. in the fullness of his years, John D. Rockefeller passes to his fathers. R Ford's Bid for the Ships. Henry Ford's bid for 200 ships of- tered by the United States for scrap- ping has at last been received. It has {turned b after the bids of potential competitors have been opened and made public, and after the bid of one of the competitors was recommended for acceptance by the Fleet Corpora- tion and was turned down by the Shipping Board, because, it is said, Chairman O’'Connor of the Shipping Board declared that he knew a better bid would be made. The circumstances surrounding the whole transaction to date seem to lay the Shipping Board | jopen to & charge of attempted sharp | practice. They require some explana. | tion, which doubtiess the chairman of the Shipping Board will make. At the time of the original opening of the bids no proposal was on hand from Henry Ford. But dispatches from Detroit insisted that Henry Ford was & bidder, and that he would be found in the running before the sale of 200 ships was completed. The files of the Emergency Fleet Corpora- tion were searched in vain for any Ford bid. The bids received were con- sidered by the Fleet Corporation, and in the end the bid of the Boston Metal and Iron Wérks of Baltimore, totaling $1,300,000, was approved by President Leigh C. Palmer of the corporation and submitted to the Shipping Board for its approval. But the board, with only three members present, less than a quorum, rejected the recommenda- tion by & vote of two to one. And, ac- cording to reports, Chairman O'Con- nor told his colleagues on the board he was sure @ better bid would be sub. mitted. It now appears he was right in this conclusion, since the Ford bid is said to be several hundred thousand dollars higher. But if Mr. O'Connor had this in- formation, why did he hold it out? Why did he not inform the Fleet Cor poration, instead of allowing it to go ahead and recommend the acceptance of the bid of the Baltimore company? j Could it be possible that the chairman of the Shipping Board was desirous of showing to the President and the pub- lic the wisdom of continuing the pres ent plan of having the board speak the last word on ship sales? It does not seem reasonable to suppose that the chairman of great vernment | agency like the Shipping Board would | adopt such methods, even in a desire to embarrass the Ileet Corporation president and to enhance his own | value. But if this has happened it shows a lack of co-operation and com- prehension of the public business on the part of the chairman that is, to say the least, remarkable. But the case has a different angle, | just as serious, Will the prospective purchasers of the Government's mer- chant fleet be inclined to believe they can receive a square deal under such proceedings? Here is a bidder, Henry Ford, allowed to come in after his competitors, have announced their bids, with full information, and outbid them. Here is the Shipping Board, presumably acting upon assurance of a }its chairman that he has gome knowl. edge which leads him to believe that it pending bids are rejected u better bid will be submitted. The published | accounts declare that Ford's agent | was in Washington June 30 when the criginal bids were opened, and one from Ford was not among those sub- mitted. Further, it is reported that the agent conferred with Chairman O'Connor prior to the rejection by the board of the bid of the Boston Metal and Iron Works of Baltimore. The bid now submitted by Mr. Ford for the ships was laid before Chair- man O'Connor and did not go first IOi the Emergency Fleet Corporation, which, under the wishes of President | Coolidge, is to conduct all negotiations | &nd sales of the ships, instead of the board or Individual members thereof. By the chairman, the bid, unsealed, was transmitted to President Palmer, who had it sealed. It will be finlly considered July 16, when a decision is again to be made. Of course, every one wants the Gov- ernment to sell its ships to the best |advantage. But the transactions for the sale of the ships should be con. ducted in a manner at all times above | suspicion. | —————— There is 8o much mineral wealth awaiting discovery that the enthu- siasm over Arctic exploration may fade away if it is established that there is nothing but mush ice and sea water. .- Debs and His Socialists. The Socialists, who backed the La Follette-Wheeler national ticket lgst vear, have apparently no faith in the movement for a new liberal party, for which plans were more or less definitely under way before the death of Senator La Follette. They are ac- tively planning for a rebirth of the Socialist party in this country, hoping to bring it back soon to its pre-war strength. Eugene V. Debs, veteran leader of the Socialists, is speaking in many States, urging the faithful to | vided the country into 10 districts, in- | stead of following State lines, in their proposed party organization Espe- cially are the intent upon putting forward the candidates in mu- nicipal elections. For example. a mu- nicipal Socialist ticket has been put in the field at Terre Haute, Ind., the first time since the war that the So cialists have sought to carry such an election. The growth of the national Socialist party probably will be governed large ly by conditions in this country. The country has been pretty well inocu- lated with prosperity, a prosperity that may last for many years. If it does the Socialists may have hard grubbing But of more immediate political sig- nificance is the evident determination of the Socialists to have nothing more to do with the proposed third party Socialists | sign of disbelief in the stability of that organization r———— Statements that Calvin Coolidge can have another presidential term if he likes seems to imply that politics still kolds a place for the statesman who does not assume to be an enthusiastic fisherman or an unrestrained movie fan. After all, a man's insistence on choosing his own pastimes is only an assertion of human liberty e There was a time when China was regarded peacetul, patient and philogophic nation. Any one who took up mah-jong must have realized that under the Celestial calm lay tem- peramental possibilities. as a ———— Although unable to settle serious questions which have arisen since the recent war, the public is called upon to give close attention to complicated theories involving prehistoric an- cestry ——— At Dayton, Tenn., Col. Bryan moved his collar and tried to keep cool. The chimpanzee has shown more than human intelligence in not put ting on collars in the first place re. .- A number of religious men declare they are ready to do without science, but very few eminent scientists have’| Leen willing to do without religion ———— It may be the privilege of the Coast Guard to make a double play by firing on a rum boat and then rigging up a breeches buoy o rescue the crew. -~ Caillaux is engaged on the very old problem in European finance; how to blic revenues without causing snnoyance to the taxpayer raise | One of the most deplorable traits of the reckless speeder is his lack of sufficient human intelligence to fear punishment. o SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNEON. ‘The Final Arbiter. *“Conscience is a still small voice” Which often seems to be unheard— And yet when you must make a choice In conduct, Conscience says the word Which finally decides your plan In spite of all orations And “Conscience still must man And mark the path of nations. rule the Substitutes Needed. “Do you approve of filibustering?"” “Emphatically.” answered Senator Sorghum. “There are times when it Lecomes necessary to halt proceedings in order to provide opportunity to think things over.” “Yet the speeches are dull and tire- some.”" “That's the weak point of the sys tem. We ought to amend the rules so |as to permit us to hire a jazz band or a monologist. The Fleeting Show. This world is but a fleeting show That varies its condition, It now becomes as all men know A beauty competition. Jud Tunkins says if his great.great- etc.-grandfather was a monkey the old baboon ought to bp ashamed of hisself for not having accumulated enough real estate or personal property to en- title him to respect as an ancestor. Influences. ““Are you a ‘wet’ or a ‘dry’! “I'm a ‘dry’ every time,” answered Uncle Bill Bottletop. : “And vet I saw you under the in- fluence of liquor.” I keep my influences separate. The influence of liquor is one thing. Politi- cal influence is entirely different.” “Licked.” “I'm not afraid of any man, My head I lift anew While T pursue an honest plan— And that's a bit untrue. 1 fear no knave, nor sordid slave of Power all unfair— But, oh, how meekly I behave When in the dentist's chair!” “A flivver would seem mo' sociable and satisfactory,” sald Uncle Hben, “if it had cars and could hear ‘yoh heartfelt remarks, same as a mule.” EVERYDAY RELIGION Bishop of | St. Luke, 1V.16: ““As His custom was, He went into the synagogue on the Sabbath day." Sunday custom has a determining effect upon week-day living. Appar- ently Jesus recognized this, We can hardly belfeve that the service in the synagogue to which He went gave Him any new insight into life, or served to strengthen Him in His pur- pose. Nevertheless, “as His custom was He went into the synagogue on the Sabbath day.” Yes, He who said “The Sabbath was made for man and not man for the Sabbath” recognized the sanctity of the day and the value of corporate worship. For Him it was not so much a matter of what He might receive as what He might give. To join with His fellow townsmen in a common rec- ognition of the soverelgnty of Al mighty God was both a privilege and a duty that He would not disesteem. The too common idea today that a man may worship God out under the | trees and apart from fellowship with his neighbory is both selfish and fal- lacious. A 'still more common idea | that a proper observance of the day means rest and recreation according to one's own individual standards is likewise selfish and fallacious. Sunday custom that is wholesome and healthful calls for the recognition, not only of our obligation to God, but of our obllgation to our fellows. It was for this reason that the apostle wrote, “Forget not the assembling of | vourselves together as the munner of kome is." He doubtless saw in wor- ship, as in other things, that fellow- ship and co-operation were indispen- sable. The average person who comes to church on Sunday is impelled to do so either because it is an act of decency that is commonly recognized by people of refinement, or that it affords an opportunity for relief from the monotony of the every-day habits and customs of life. Again there are those who have a Sunday custom of On July 30 Maj. Gen. Lejeune, commandant of the Marine Corpg. will lose a most efficient aide de camp That is the date that Capt. John H. Craige sails for Haiti to begin a two vear detail as w commander in the Haitian gendarmerie. It devolves upon the Marine Corps to police Halti, In 1916 the United States went into the island to main- tain order after a revolution in which the President had been decapitated had his arms and legs hacked off, and had been dragged through the streets of Port au Prince by a mob of his naked subjects who prodded and cudgeled what remained of him with | clubs. The marines were sent. After | a squad or two of them had defeated the entire Haitian army, so-called, the natives learned to respect the white man from the States and order was restored The Haitian gendarmerie wi ganized. It is composed of native troops and is the constabulary of the {island. This organization is officered v American Marine officers. Hence Capt. John H. Craige U. S. M. C. sailing south July 30 Capt. Jack is a fascinating personal- ity. From the halls of Montezuma to the shores of Tripoli he has not only fought his country’s battles on the land and on the sea; he has fought his own and adventured in cc | ways. He has followed the highway | that has no end. and has watched | the ships of many men suil on all the {sens. 'He has crowded into his 80. 1 0dd vears a kaleldoscopic series of ex periences which stamp him as the true soldier of fortune. If you go to the { noon—for Capt. Jack is a writer well as a fighter—you will find him at & round table in one corner of the dining room giving half dozen scribes discourses on almost any sub. jeet. There will be tales of prize fighting in France. of cowpunching in Oklahoma. of soldiering in Central and South Americu, of city editing Mr. Munsey's Philadelphia Times, of press-agenting the Marine Corps, of being the world's first flying war cor respondent, of wrestling in the Olym pic games and so on ad infinitum These are his personal experiences. He early answered the call of ad venture and took the long roads. His mother wanted him to be a minister. His father thought he ought to be a civil engineer. But he wrecked the parental plans at the age of 15 and slipped away from his Phila delphia. home. A Long Journey to Norfolk. His destination was Japan and he got as far as Norfolk, Va., after 28 days' sailing. This was because a ter | square-rigger he shipped on. The long { crutse around the Horn and visions { of cherry blossoms faded and the ad- venturous boy quit the ship in disgust. While seeking work in Norfolk he was apprehended by his father and sent home to go to the University of Pennsylvania. Swarthmore claimed {him for his athletic ability, and he went there to play end on the foot ball team, one of the best in the United States. He tired of college, however, and turned to hoboing. Up and down America he roamed, mining, plowing, harvesting, punching cattle, hiring as mule skinner, working as freight brakeman. He made 12 trips across the continent and paid not one cent of fare One day while herding cattle in Oklahoma he spied a newspaper thrown from a passing train window. He read it while riding his broncho and found that the United States wanted athletes for the Olympic games In London. This was in 1908 He hopped the next freight train go- ing East and qualified as a middle- weight wrestler. The match in Lon- don was a rough go. Capt. Jack was thrown, but he found he could fight and went to Paris. He took the city by storm and punched his way to the championship of France. This was all right until Sam McVey, the slugging American riegro, dropped over to France and challenged him. A cold suddenly de- veloped ard he went to Nice for his health. McVey became champion of France, but Capt. Jack had tired of Europe and came home.to pound typewriters for. newspapers. He went West to report the Jeffries- Johnson fight and remained. San Francisco intrigued him and he went there only to get into a fight {n which he was hit on the head with a coal scuttle. During this melee he com- pletely wrecked the dance hall in which the scrap took place, although he re- ceived a broken jaw and lost a few teeth. Covered the Madero Revolution. Up and well again, he went to Mex- ico to report the Madero revolution for a syndicate. Everything was fine until the syndicate went broke and Capt. Jack found himself in the pop- ping republic without so much as a dime. To beat the circumstances he went to soldering, which took him through Mexico, Nicaragua, Guate- ! mala, Honduras and Colombia. When the first ominous thunderings of the European storm that broke in 1914 reached him he hurried back to the States. He helped organize the Navy League, and then went to France with the 11th Marine Regl- ment. He came home a captain. Since then he has been aide to the commandant of the Marines and di- Press Ciub any | { s or-| intless | ific storm played havoc with the | BY RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., W ashington. churchgoing that grows largely out of attachment for some favored or fa- vorite preacher. Few there seem to be whose Sunday custom grows out of an unselfish desire to contribute to the enrichment of life through what they have to give to personal example and the spirit of true reverence. ‘We venture to think that if more men and women went to church to contribute by their presence to the moral and spiritual betterment of others there would not only be better preaching and better singing, but, as a_matter of fact, more worshipers. We used to sing a hymn, the senti- ment of which was repellent to us and wholly at varlance with a rea- sonable idea of what Sunday worship implies. It ran something like this: "0p. to he nothing. nothing Ohly to lie at His foet: A hroken and empty vessel, For the Master's use made meet We are afrald that there are too many people today whose Sunday custom of churchgoing has as its basis this insipid and puerile con ception. A church full of broken and empty vessels is hardly inspiring or refreshing. The kind of Sunday commends itself to us is one that recognizes not alone the sacredness of the day, but the duty and privilege of contributing through reverent ex- !ample to the refreshment and stimu- | lation of others, and in so doing con- custom that | tributing ~ to 'the ennobling and | strengthening of our own lives. | We need a Sunday custom that is |sane and sensible, the custom that | Jesus observed when “He went into {the synagogue, bringing to it the glory ‘und splendor of a life wholly conse- ‘(-ruted to the service of God and the | enrightment of the community in which He lived. Such a custom | scrupulously observed is an inestim- | able benefit to ourselves, as well as [to those who, with us, worship God in spirit and in truth 1 (Copyright 1025.) CRAIGE—SOLDIER OF FORTUNE BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN rector of publicity for the corps. These soldiers are his kind of people. They love activity and adventure and their restless feet move in all lands In charge of publicity, he has told much of what that magnificent body of fighters has done. It was in thil service that he became the world first flying war correspondent. It happened when the Marine Corps de- clded to refight the Battle of the Wilderness The Wilderness is 80 miles from Washington. Communication fac ities were not available close to the field. It was a serious problem. Capt Juck thought during the three weeks ness maneuvers he flew 2,500 miles to scatter hundreds of thousands of words of copy—precious publicity for his Marine Corps. Close to Death. He was nearly killed in this ad- venture. Also he came near scaring to death several people, including the late President Harding. It hap- of Wilder- his pilot left Washington & severe gale from the north hegan to blow The two men did not notice the wind until they arrived at action they were literally hurled at ground. 1f they did make a success- ful landing it appeared that the would crash into the tent of Presi- dent Harding and generally _rip things up. It was the first time since Lincoln that a President had spent the night on a battlefield under can- vas with national troopers. Hurtling earthward at the speed of 100 miles an hour, death stared Capt Jack in the face once more, but the pilot regained control. He rose, after tearing the top off an automobile, and flew around in safety until the wind subsided Capt. Jack will be two years in Haiti, the scene of his next adven- ture. The round table at the press club will miss him. It has ever been a pleasure to study his steely eyes and bronzed face as he unfolds ex- | perience after experience. You {find vourself watching the thin lips and jutting chin, the cauli- |flower ears, the false teeth and the wrinkly smile. One of the finest things about Capt. John Craige is that with all his rough experience he has remained a cavalier to his mother. You wonder how one man can have the many qualities that make him & tramp,-a scholar and a ero. | ———— Two Popular Kings. There are two popular monarchs these days. One of them is holding sway in the wheat belt and the other is getting ready to ascend the throne in the land of cotton. Missouri comes under the rule of both and will enjoy the vield of wheat and cotton to the extent of many thou- sands of dollars. ‘While the thrashing machines grind out gold for the farmers of Missouri and the rest of the wheat belt, the an- nouncement comes from Washington that the crop of cotton this year will approach 15,000,000 bales, a figure which has been equaled but twice in histo: The wheat farmer seems sured of a season that will go consid- erable distance toward making up the lean seasons. The abundant cotton jcrop, on the other hand, means in | creased wealth for the planters of the | South, providing, of course, that noth- ing happens to cause a price reaction. The prices of both wheat and cotton are controlled to a large extent by world factors. With the Dawes agree- ment working with at least a degree |of success and with Italy getting ready to fund her debts and with Europe in need of everytbing the United States can send her, it seems that these two |popular American kings—wheat and icotton—should help to create a wave of prosperity. This will give the farm- ers, employers and workers a gener- ous taste of good times.—Columbia Missourian. He Set the Signal. A story of heroism in the everyday led in Oakland when a train was called to halt by a signal set bv a dying man. There was no one present to write of the act, to record the emotions, or the mental and physical struggile for the towerman, who, in his last mo- ments, thought of his job and its re- sponsibilities. He was found on the floor with his lifeless hand on the lever. Stricken with a heart attack, he thought of the trains and the pas. sengers, the dangers which would come with no man on the joh He set his signal with his failing strength and died a hero. Thomas H. Corker's act strength- ens that trgdition which lives in the signal stations, engineers' cabs and power houses of the country. It was fortunate for Santa Barbara that with the coming of the shock there was a man who did not leave his -ost until he had switched off the power without which fallen wires are harm- less. Men in the power companies and railroads can recount scores of such stories and they are deserving of attention. 1:0 modern life '4:"-3}’.? new dangers and we are n new heroes.—Oakland Tribugg. of the aeroplane and | pened that one morning when he and | Then. in attempting to land. ! the | Were the cardinal features in the com { position designed by L'Enfant for an | the seene of | they laid out the Federal City in 1791. i | | | | | | | i [pied by Ifor repairs was one of like amount, HE SfiNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., JULY 12, 1925—PART 2. Capital Sidelights The unique, graphic history of the development of our ccuntry and its commerce is preserved in the vaults of the United States Coast and Geo- detic Survey, on Capitol Hill, hard- by the habitat of Congress. Col. E. Lester Jones, director of this service, points out that this his- tory is unusual for the reason that each of its pages is an engraved copper plate, sometimes three or four feet square, on which each step of the development is shown graphical- ly. These are the plates used by the survey for printing the nautical charts that it publishes for the guid- ance of navigators along our coasts. The first of these plates were en- graved in the early 1840s. From time to time the changes ilong our | coasts necessitate extensive altera- tions in the charts of the particular locality affected. To make these cor- rections the unchanged part of the plate is copled by electro-chemical methods and the new work is en- graved, thus providing a new and up-to-date chart plate. The old plate is then placed in the vaults to show for all time the condition of the coun- try along our coasts at the time the plate was retired. By comparison with prior and subsequent plates the varfous stages of development are clearly illustrated. Up to the present time this collec- tion of plates numbers more than 3,200, giving as a rough average a picture of each small section of our 17,000 miles of coast covered by a chart at intervals of 10 years. A comparison of the prints from the varfous serles of plates fs most interesting. At one point the grad- ual growth of one of our large sea- ports may be {illustrated; at another the man-made improvements of an important harbor may be shown. In| many places the startling changes effected by the force of nature are evident. We see, for example, that Rockaway Point, New York, has ex- tended to the west for a distance of about 4 miles during the past cen- tury. Again, on what was formerly a nearly straight and unbroken stretch of Virginia coast, there is| now a fine shelter and anchorage for vessels formed by a curving arm of #and, a bulwark built up slowly by the unceasing action of waves and currents. Another interesting study is that of the craftsmanship of the genera- tions of engravers who produced these plates. On one is seen the work of the immortal James McNelll Whistler, who served at one time as an engraver in the survey. In the early days, before the creation of other agencies for this work, the Coast and Geodetic Survey. was re- quired to execute detailed topographic survey along our coasts and on many of the older plates intricate detalls of topography are shown with almost unbelievable fineness and accuracy. Col. Jones savs that, aside from their historic vaiue, this collection of plates has another very practical use. In recent years, as a result of the enormous increase in land values | along our coasts. doubtful points, | that were considered of little impor- | tance at the time early transfers of property were made, have become the | subject of extensive (and expensive) litigation. * x ox Plans of Congress and President Coolidge for making the White House —exterior and interior—truly a Colo- nigl mansion have revived a general interest in the historic regarding the Executive Mansion. The site of the White House was selected by President Washington and Maj. Peter Charles L'Enfant, when The Capitol and the President’s House orderly. dignified and effective loca- tion of public buildings. The scheme then published to the world for the| metropolis of the United States i3 still | being carried out in its main and es- | sential features. The architect of the White House was James Hoban, a native of Dublin, | Treland, whose plans were selected as the result of a competition which | closed on July 15, 1792. Hoban's d sign called for a central bullding with wings: but his original drawings have Dbeen lost. and only the plans for the main building remain Hoban superintended both the erec- tion of the White House and its resto vation after it was burned by the| British in 1814 When thg h&semen(i of the White House was being reno vated and reconstructed during the | incumbency of President Roosevelt it was found that the fine, groined arches of the basement had been cut | into in all directions to nccommodnte“ heating and plumbing pipes. These | old vaulted ceilings are of brick and | stone. In many places, where the plaster was removed, evidences of the fire of 1814 were plainly visible. Also cut into the stonework were found many names, evidently of workmen employed on the construction. The corner stone of the White House was laid October 13, 1782. Funds for the original construction of the building came from the sale of lots in the Federal City and fram the moneys furnished by Maryland and Virginia for the construction of Gov- ernment_buildings. The White House was first occu- President and Mrs. John Adams in November, 1800. The first appropriation from the Treasury for the White House was one of $15,000, made April 24, 1800, to provide fur- niture, and the first appropriation made on March 3, 1907. The south portico was finished sub- sequent to 1823, at a cost of $19,000; the east room, scene of 5o many nota- ble events, was finished and furnished by virtue of an appropriation of $26,000, made in 1826, and three years later the north portico was added, in accordance with the original plan, at | an_expense of $24,769.25. The White House was first lighted by gas in 1848 and a system of heat- ing and ventillating was installed in 1853. Four years later stables and a conservatory east of the White House were removed to make room for the extension of the Treasury Bullding, which shut off the view of the Capitol from the Executive Man- sion. Refurnishing of the White House after the War of 1812 was completed in 1818 at an expense of $50,000, and the average annual expense for fur- nishing during the first 70 years of the occupancy of the official home of our Presidents was $8,000. The date at which the east and west terraces were added to the ‘White House is uncertain, but prob- MEN AND AFFAIRS BY ROBERT T. SMALL. DAYTON, Tenn., July | tle town of 2,000° mostly anti-evolu- | tionary souls has proved a big sur-| smoothly curb The two principal streets, paved with concrete from curb, the great “White Way ed stores, the abundance of rooming houses and this decidedly modernist appearance of the people—all contributed their element enment to the visitors. Dayton seems particularly to abound of enlight short as they are on Fifth avenue that gossamer silk stockings are roll- ed below the knees and that the >.n‘ of deftly applied cosmetics has pene trated to this edge of the Tennessee | mountain fastnesses. One sees o bright yellow sport roadster flash | down the street, bearing a load of | nese parasols aloft generally is young John Thomas Scopes, who believes he descended from a monkey or some other animal of the dark ages of the past John is very popular with the girls of the county and they don’t want to see him “sold down the river” just be cause he believes in biology, z00logy and a few other “foolish things. They have a high school band here in the county and it is made up of both boys and girls. There was some talk of having the band out to wel come William Jennings Bryan when he first came to town, but it was pointed out that most of the band boys and band girls were friends of young Scopes, and there was a Sug- gestion they might play the wrong tunes at the station. Whether that was the real reason or not, one dare not say, but in any event the band plan was abandoned Most of the Northern folk have been disappointed in not seeing more of the hardy mountaineers and strange mountain women of whom they have read, but they have learned that while Dayton faces the Cumberlands it has been influenced by the modernity of nearby Chattanooga rather than by the hills and ridges which lead into the wilderness The folks are They come to court shirt sleeves. They their own business. talk to them you have got the conversation. At heart they are warm and hospitable—even if " they are largely Republicans. Their fathers were Republicans before them and many of those fathers fought fo the Union during the Civil War. Ea Tennessee always has been a sort of commonwealth to itself. In many ways it is as different from middle Tennessee and west Tennessee as Ver- mont is from Georgla. Changes are One of the boys plain in overalls and generally mind If you want to to start !wrought as slowly as evolution itself. The old folks are largely of old east Tennessee, but the surprising flap- pers and the modern boys seem about to start a new era. The Northeast- erners appear to have got there just Fifty Years Ago In The Star Half a century ago train service be- |tween Washington and New York was s New York-Washington D i on as rapid as Express Service. it is now. The fol lowing, printed in The Star of July 6, 1875, throws light upon the condi- tion that then prevafled: ““The Baltimore American of vester- day says: ‘It was reported \'esleljdn.“ that the Pennsylvania Railroad Com pany was going to take off the limited express, for the reason that it does not pay.' 8 “YWhether this report is true or not we cannot say, but we shall not be surprised if it shall turn out to be correct. Nor will it make very much difference to the business travel be- tween the two cities if it ix withdrawn, for running upon the time it now does it presents very few advantages over the regular ordinary train, which starts from either end of the route about an hour and a half earlier. Tt is true, it gives the leisurely disposed passenger that much longer time to get ready for starting and sets him down at his destination about &n hour and a quarter sooner; but for all practical or business purposes the time thus economized at either end of the route is without value. The only thing to be said in its faver is that it makes the transit more rapidly. “If Col. Scott wants to run a limited express between the two capitals of the country that would be a real ac commodation to the business public and at the same time a source of profit to the railroad companies interested, he should start it from both ends of the route at 3 o'clock in the after- noon and run it through to destina- tion in seven hours—without more than five stops—which would be at the rate of 32 miles an hour. This would give the passengers the better part of the business day before start ing and land them at either terminus in season for ordinary bedtime. with- out loss of valuable time on the one hand, or loss of rest on the other. We hope that this experiment will be tried before the idea of a limited ex press between the two cities is aban- doned. We are satisfied that it would be a complete success in every re- speet.” - “ * Skepticism regarding the Keely mo- tor, which was attracting general attention in this Doubt About the country 50 veare ago as a means of Keely Motor. qeleioping great power cheaply—and of making large fortunes quickly — was freely ex pressed by the press of the country. The Star took little stock in the al leged invention, as indicated by the following printed in its issue of July 7, 1876: “The Keely motor, the new power that, according to report, is to work a revolution in the mechanical world is doubtless a humbug, but it would seem to be an ingenious humbug, as it has won the confidence of several people who have some pretensions to scientific knowledge. “Keely claims to produce from the consumption of air and water a cold vapor capable of condensation by sim- ably they were completed during President Jefferson’s administration. The west terrace was used as the support of a greenhouse probably in 1867, and the east terrace was re- moved some time prior to 1870. 1In excavating for the new terrace the foundations of the old one were dis- covered. 8ince 1870 the White House has been redecorated and refurnished fr quently, according to the taste of the times and within the limits of annual appropriations varying from $10,000 to $30,000. Until 1902, when Roosevelt was in the White House, the sums available have never been sufficient to accomplish a thorough reconstruc- tion. Then about a half million dol- lars was spent for structural change installing modern equipment and for refurnishing. During the restoration of the White House in 1902 a new marble mantel was placed in the President’s study, which was formerly known as the cabinet room. This mantel bears the following inscription: “This room was first used for meetings of the cabinet duri; the administration of Presi- dent Johnson. It continued to be so used until the year MCMII._ Here the treaty of peace with Spaln was signed.’ ple expansion, which contains power enough to !produce a pressure of 20,000 to 30,000 pounds to the square inch. He asserts that his motor will produce 250 times the pressure that steam will, and that in order to con- trol this tremendous power he must have engines of Austrian gun metal. He also claims that the motor will not only do the work of steam, but is applicable to all purposes for which gunpowder is used, and is far supe- rlor to gunpowder or any other ex- plosive known, as the pressure is con- tinued up to the time the ball leaves the muzzle of the gun, whereby a tye- mendous impetus is given to the mis- whereas in the use of powder the force of the gases generated lessens as the ball travels through the barrel. ‘The excuse given for not explain- ing to the public the secret of the motor is that Mr. Keely is not pre- pared yet to fully cover his invention by patents. He says, or his partners say for him: ‘We cannot, of course, cover & natural law by a patent, and what we can cover we must describe so fully that any person expert in such matters can do the same thing from our description in order that he may know when and how he infringes on our patents. This we have not 11.—This lit- |in time to have | Dayton, the writer espied |in flappers, and one finds down here |, G o0 Tao i ] mg, flow & white beard that the flapper skirts are just as | fic® (0K | teeth see the old order Of course, hold their at its the mountains conservatism last stand. themselves prise to the “Northerners” who have |their aloofness, but as the towns and come down here for the monkey trial. |villages creep up to them the changes | will continue 10 | the sound of the saxophone in synco. Ughts | pated jazz is heard at that line the sidewalks, the well stock- |land crests. to come until at las the Cumber in chairk one of .the The of his i The ion e through strolling the streets fro of One timers rocking to and at the side entrance larger emporiums showed long since had depa two were in earnest conver Ah, said the reportorial instinc here one may find out the true in wardness of this fundamentalist and evolutionary squabble. So, slowing his pace and edging closer 1o the ver erable palr. the reporter listened with that all t youngsters, boys and girls, with Japa- | hereabouts. all his ears. At last he caught t | drift | ““Well.” said the toothless one. | particular battle ought never {been fought You see it |way——=" oblivious to all that was surging about them, they were living lagain the days of the Confederacy | that have was this Circuit Judge John T. Raulstor who is presiding at the monkey tria fairly bubbles and sparkles with goc humor when you get him off the bench. Lise ail circuit judges in this |country, he has had many interesting experfences. One afternoon before the trial started there was some dis {cussion as to the sensation which |might be caused if Scopes sudden should plead guilty “That reminds Raulston, “of in t mountains. I was court when a defendant in |the cases approached the bench | “Judge,” he said. “would you mind of my at this particu me. e said had Judge ce up holdini 1 { disposing case lar_time?" “You mean guilty?” 1 asked The man turned around the crowded |then he turned tg me. “Well, sir.” he said crowd it suits me.” ou wan ) plead and looked ourtroom an £ it suits | The who larceny “Prisoner.” the judge |are charged with stealing of shoes. What do | or not guilty | The prisoner shifted | one foot to the other. “Judge,” he replied at reckon it's ves, sir, and no. |see. judge, I didn’t steal pair of them shogqs “What did -vou call that asked an innocent bystander. “I called it a mitigating circ stance,” replied the evolutionar | jurist with a broad grin ! (Copyright, 19% udge also before d him of the charged said, “vo eight pairs vou say—guilty ureasily from o You five la sir. but judge? This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. To be first in anything is the am- bition of many men and some organ- izations. One may reach the North Pole later without much attention, but the first man there got the lion's share. To be member of the first club to g0 on & certain sort of outing—this is fame to many. To be the first one in A community to sport a certain car is the height of earthly glor to others. Certainly being “first does have its appeal to human beings: we w leave to the psychologists the task puzzling out the why and wherefore The first Gladiolus bloom ever growr in one's garden has an interest per haps never to be equaled, and cer tainly not excelled the flowers tha will come after. One had seen these flowers in ( [ the long stalks florist shops and vases in windows, but it was not unti his own production, the result of his own planting and care, came to grace the flower border that he realized just how beautiful the Glads could be One only gets out of anything w he puts into it, goes the old sayin; Accordingly, he who carefully tends cultivates and waters a favorite bu will have more pleasure at blooming time than the chance spectator who says, “How pretty!” Kk A The first Glad in our garden to bloom was Elora, one of Mr. Burbank’s orig Inations. It was put in the ground May 19, the first blossom expanding July 6, just 48 days from planting. 1f there are any earlier Gladioli than this, T would like to know about them According to the catalogues, most of them take 60 or more days. With the dew upon its petals, Elora was 2 thing of beauty, if not a jor forever, as it gleamed there in the morning sunshine of the hot Summer day. This first flower, of course, was the lowest on the bud stalk, which had shot up in about two weeks, in the strange way the stalks have of ap pearing “from nothing.” Of a strange translucence, white suf fused with blush pink, Elora shows vellow in the throat with carmine warkings deeper down. The petals remind one of a stained church win dow, their wetness giving the appea: ance of gla Perhaps this is as good a specimen as any to show the wonder of thix most popular of Summer flowering bulbs. Other Glads there may be more beautiful or whose blooms open bet ter or have more in bloom at a time. but none of the rest of them will he the first to bloom-—not this year, any way * k¥ % Gazing at the flower, one had the feeling that comes to most who seri ously look at any beautiful thing That such a fragile. delicate, colo ful creation could not be the result o mere chance, but that behind it must be some Power, some Intelli gence. Down through the ancestors of that corm (as the Gladiolus bulb is called) had carried the germ of this particular bloom Only a few years ago a man took a hand in this creation, and perhaps Dby cross-pollenization or some other method evolved a different coloring and succeeded in making the bulb bloom earlier than usual But {f man could do this much, cre ating in little, what must have been the ability to create in the first place” Propounding such a question, one can return to active cultivation of floral pets. Day by day, in every way, they are growing better and better Plenty of water is needed to bring these watery blooms to perfection. Cultivation of the ground around the plant is necessaty, according to all growers, and such work does give the gardener the delightful feeling of having & hand in the work, too. About a day after a heavy watering or a good rain, the gardener finds the soil easily broken up with a small weeder or trowel, a fork, or even the fingers. Keeping the soil pulvgrized for an inch or so down conserves the mois ture, as all know, and allows one to be pleasantly occupied at the same time_he is helping the flowers. thousands of years yet been able to do, because we have not yet used it at the heavy pressures at which it can be used.’ “‘On the whole, the new motor, with its mystificatio and its claims to powers that upset all known scientific laws, has a decidedly fishy look.”